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CHRISTIAN STUDENTS 
AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


REPORT OF THE yiNTH INTERNATIONAL CON- 
VENTION OF THE ‘STUDENT VOLUNTEER MOVE- 
MENT FOR FOREIGN MISSIONS, INDIANAPOLIS, 
INDIANA, DECEMBER 28, 1923, TO JANUARY 1, 1024. 


Mitton T. STAUFFER 
EDITOR 


NEW YORK 
STUDENT VOLUNTEER MOVEMENT 
FOR FOREIGN MISSIONS 
1924 





COPYRIGHT, 1924, BY 
STUDENT VOLUNTEER MOVEMENT 
FOR FOREIGN MISSIONS 


INTRODUCTION 


As far back as February, 1922, the Student Volunteer Council 
discussed the holding of another Quadrennial Convention during the 
closing days of 1923 and the opening days of 1924. The action taken 
by that Council is as follows: (1) It was the consensus of opinion 
that the last convention was not too large, but that there is a danger 
in too great numbers; (2) it was voted unanimously that the con- 
vention should be devoted entirely to the subject of Foreign Mis- 
sions; (3) the Council did not favor the selection of large cities, 
such as New York or Chicago, but recommended that the Committee 
consider a place as near the center of student population as possible, 
some regard being given to the expense of coming from colleges 
most distant from the convention city. 

In November, 1922, the Student Volunteer Movement called 
together a conference of about one hundred leaders in student work. 
Among them were representatives of the Foreign Mission Boards 
of Canada and the United States, of the Christian Associations, and 
of the Student Volunteer Movement. They met to consider plans 
for the convention and how far all these agencies could unite in 
preparing for it. As a result a Committee on Arrangements, con- 
sisting of thirty-six members, was appointed by the Executive Com- 
mittee of the Student Volunteer Movement. It was made up of 
representatives of the Foreign Mission Boards, Student Christian 
Associations, Student Volunteer Movement in Canada and the 
States, and of a few nationals from foreign lands. For a year this 
Committee worked together with a remarkable degree of unanimity 
in planning the program and selecting speakers. Out of several 
cities which invited us, Indianapolis was the one finally selected for 
the Convention chiefly because the center of student population is in 
that vicinity. 

This Committee early realized a marked change in the attitude 
of students owing to altered world conditions, due to the aftermath 
of the world war. The youth movements in Europe, Asia and South 
America had profoundly influenced North American youth. Inter- 
racial and international problems were being widely discussed in 
Canada and the United States. Moreover, modern industrial condi- 
tions seemed to be in marked variance with the Christian ideal. It 


iv CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


was evident that the proposed convention must meet these altered 
conditions and show that Christianity is able to establish a Christian 
brotherhood in spite of a non-Christian social order, and in the place 
of interracial bitterness in our own and other lands, and that the 
causes leading to war must be fought as never before, until war 
itself is outlawed. 

But the Committee also desired to sacrifice nothing of the valu- 
able deposit received from past Student Volunteer Conventions, such 
as the strength of a direct foreign missionary appeal, and the em- 
phasis upon the need of Christ for the redemption of the individual 
as well as for the changing of society and the altering of international 
relationships. Unless He transforms a sufficient number of indi- 
viduals, how can He transform society, which is made up of individ- 
uals? Unless He controls the leaders of capital and labor sufficiently 
to prevent class warfare within one nation, what hope is there of 
military warfare between different nations ever ceasing? While most 
members of the Committee were agreed that the Convention should 
be devoted to foreign missions, all felt that the foreign missionary 
appeal should have a broader approach through the presentation of 
problems of world-wide importance, showing how the missionary 
enterprise could help to solve these problems, by improving modern 
industrial conditions in foreign lands, by removing interracial bitter- 
ness through the establishment of Christian brotherhood everywhere 
and by outlawing war through extending the sway of the Prince of 
Peace all over the world. For “He is our peace,” and He alone can 
break down every middle-wall of partition which separates races and 
nations. 

Accordingly these three problems were treated during the first 
day of the Convention; the next forenoon the delegates separated 
into forty-nine discussion groups under student leadership frankly to 
discuss these problems; and that afternoon the fourth problem, the 
Youth and Renaissance Movements, was presented. This was fol- 
lowed by an address on the relation of the foreign missionary enter- 
prise to the solution of all these problems. From this point on, the 
work of foreign missions was much in evidence, in addresses delivered 
by seven nationals from China, Japan, India, Latin America, Africa, 
and by North Americans on the Moslem world, the “Missionary 
Enterprise,” and “Why I purpose, God permitting, to become a for- 
eign missionary.” In addition a speaker from Central Europe pre- 
sented the moral and spiritual needs of Europe, and a student .spoke 
in behalf of the Student Friendship Fund. Also an educational 
missionary from Egypt gave a survey of the achievements of the 


INTRODUCTION Vv 


foreign missionary enterprise. On Monday afternoon the Conven- 
tion again broke up into forty-nine discussion groups. In the Satur- 
day and Monday discussions two topics emerged as of greatest inter- 
est, the interracial problem and the Christian ideal, and the inter- 
national problem and Jesus’ way of life. These were presented on 
Tuesday morning by eight student speakers at an open session 
of the Convention, which was entirely under student control. That 
session was closed by two stirring addresses calling upon the dele- 
gates to commit themselves unreservedly to the leadership of Jesus 
Christ. On Sunday afternoon denominational leaders met students 
belonging to their own religious bodies; and on Tuesday afternoon 
various phases of work abroad were presented in twenty-two forums. 

Deeper, however, than the discussion of problems, clearer than 
the calls from foreign lands, were the clamant claims of Jesus Christ 
on each individual life. Men and women were profoundly impressed 
by Rev. G. A. Studdert Kennedy’s address, “Be Still and Know that 
I am God,” by Dr. Mott’s address on “The Commitment of Life,” 
and by the four apologetic and inspirational addresses delivered by 
Canon E. S. Woods. On eight occasions the great audience united 
in periods of guided intercession. Have four and one-half days ever 
contained so much information and inspiration and at the same time 
furnished such an abundant opportunity for frank discussion? The 
reports coming in from colleges and universities warrant the belief 
that the method followed in arranging the program for this Con- 
vention was the right one under the present conditions. 

One of the most helpful features was the music. In addition 
to a precentor, a piano, an organ and a cornet assisted the singing. 
The Luther Quartet of students from the Twin Cities was a real 
asset, and the new Student Volunteer Hymnal, which had been issued 
just in time for the Convention, proved to be a great help. 

Over the Convention platform was displayed the Watchword 
of the Student Volunteer Movement, “The evangelization of the world 
in this generation.” The greetings sent to the Convention from many 
lands showed what a volume of prayer was ascending for the success 
of this great gathering. 

It is too early to estimate adequately the results, but I close this 
introduction by giving some of the comments which are pouring in 
from different parts of the student field. 

“T have seen a few of our boys since I have been back and they 
are all enthusiastic, with the kind of deep enthusiasm that speaks 

well for the future.” 


vi CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


“The Conference is bearing great fruit everywhere. There is 
much prayer.” 


“I have followed every session with most earnest prayer and 
thought: and I came away from Indianapolis feeling that God had 
richly blessed us, not only in the plans as we originally made them 
but in the execution of those plans. More and more as I look back 
on those days and am able to bring the perspective of time to bear 
on that gathering, I feel that it was a remarkably satisfactory Con- 
vention. From the point of view of a Board Secretary, from the 
point of view of a missionary, and from the point of view of the 
mother of one of the delegates in attendance, I have nothing but 
highest praise for the Convention.” 


“Accept my heartiest congratulations on the wonderful Conven- 
tion just closed. I believe that new levels have been reached not only 
in the matter of our problems here in the homeland, but in the new 
situations we are facing in connection with our foreign missionary 
enterprises.” 


“Allow me to join with many grateful souls in rejoicing with 
you over the Indianapolis Convention. I have beén in five of the 
conventions and this was, in my judgment, the strongest and best 
we have ever had, especially in its appeal to students in their present 
state of mind.” 


“T think that most Canadians would agree even at this date that 
the spirit of Indianapolis is showing signs of increase as the event 
itself fades into the distance. Any reports I have indicate a very 
hopeful thing, that is, newly-found power through prayer. Prayer 
groups are springing up everywhere.” 


“The Convention has revived and strengthened the Christian 
faith of many Chinese students and aroused in them a deeper purpose 
for a vital Christian experience. I have known personally many 
Chinese students who had become Christians at home after having 
listened to the beautiful story of Jesus told by the hard-working 
missionaries and who were about to lose out entirely, when, after 
coming over to this nominally Christian America, they saw most 
pagan modes of life and received treatment anything but Chris- 
tian; but they had their dying enthusiasm for Jesus reinforced by 
coming into the midst of true Christian fellowship as manifested in 


INTRODUCTION Vii 


the Convention. I myself would hardly have seen my way clear to 
Him had I not attended the last Northfield Student Conference and 
the Des Moines Convention in 1919. The Indianapolis Convention 


helped me to go further and deeper into my experience with Jesus 
and God.” 


“At the last meeting of the Executive Committee of the Church 
Federation, composed of a large number of the leading laymen of 
the city, together with about a dozen of the outstanding preachers, 
I was authorized to write you a letter telling you something of what 
we all felt was the value of the Student Volunteer Convention to this 
city. There was no difference of opinion; all in the group were 
enthusiastic in their expressions to the effect that no gathering had 
been held in this city within their memory, the moral, social, and 
religious value of which would compare with that of the Student 
Volunteer Convention. 

“They wanted you to know that they were not disappointed in 
any way in the fine character and high ideals of the great group of 
young people who were here, or in the splendid influence exerted 
by them on the churches and people of the city. It was in every 
way a memorable gathering.” 


“Your prayers certainly were answered. ... It was a great 
convention and many, many lives were changed, and many have 
determined to lead the Christ-like life, cost what it may. ... The 


challenge given to our college generation I believe was such a chal- 
lenge as was never given to any college generation before. Only as 
we unreservedly give our all, and live the full Christ life, can we 
accept that challenge and carry it through as He would have us carry 
it through. . . . My'desire for each Volunteer in my Union is that 
they may know Christ in His fulness and be determined to go over 
the sea with no other purpose than to take Christ and Him crucified 
to the fields where they go. It was such a joy to hear each of the 
nationals say, ‘Come over and help us—we need Jesus.’ ” 
Rogsert P. Witper, General Secretary. 








PREFACE 


The purpose of this Convention Report is four-fold; first, to 
present full verbatim reports of all platform addresses; second, to 
set forth the organization of the Convention and describe its special 
features; third, to give permanent form to the findings of the dis- 
cussion groups and to as many of the forum addresses on specific 
types of missionary service as we have been able to secure; and 
fourth, to record the growth and activities of the Student Volunteer 
Movement since the Des Moines Convention, 1920, as given in the 
Quadrennial Report of the Executive Committee and the official 
list of Sailed Volunteers, 1914-1924. 

The number and nature of the editorial changes have been lim- 
ited by a keen desire to preserve each speaker’s personality and lit- 
erary style throughout. Several speakers requested that no altera- 
tions be made, and except for a few grammatical changes, these 
requests have been honored. 

No forum addresses were stenographically reported. What- 
ever appears in the chapter on Forums has been supplied at the 
request of forum leaders by those speakers who later wrote down the 
substance of their remarks as they recalled them, or sent in manu- 
scripts prepared in advance. 

Special features, such as the chapter on Discussion Groups, the 
Student Session, the Convention Exhibit, etc., are self-explanatory 
and for obvious reasons fully merit the space granted to them in this 
report. . 

Perhaps the most tangible evidence of the effectiveness of the 
Student Volunteer Movement in meeting its responsibilities to 
churches at home and in other lands is the quality and number of 
volunteers who sail annually for Christian service abroad. A list 
of those who have sailed during the past ten years is found in this 
volume. Such a list was omitted from the Report of the Des Moines 
Convention because of the excessive cost of printing at that time. 

We owe special thanks to George W. Carpenter, the Registrar 
of the Convention, who has prepared the manuscript for the printer, 
and assumed full responsibilities for the proof reading, the index 
and numerous business details incident to seeing this Report through 


x CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


the press. He has been assisted from the beginning by Miss Joan 
Van der Spek, whose help in the preparation of the Index deserves 
special mention. The Editor has been able to share his own responsi- 
bilities with his associate in the Educational Department, Miss Helen 
Bond Crane. Without the unfailing co-operation of these team- 
mates, the appearance of this Report so soon after the close of the 
Convention would not have been possible. Thanks also are due to 
the speakers for correcting their manuscripts so promptly, and to 
forum leaders for their co-operation in assembling the manuscripts 
of forum addresses. 

Having finished our work, there remains the privilege of follow- 
ing this published volume with our prayers, that the educational and 
spiritual values gained at Indianapolis may be conserved and re- 
enforced by the printed page, carrying new determination and hope 
to hundreds who were not privileged to attend the Indianapolis 
Convention. 

Mitton T. STAUFFER. 


CONTENTS 


PREFACE 
OPENING SESSION . : 
The Purpose of the ‘Convention. . Walter HH. Judd : 
Be Still and Know That I Am aa The Rev. G. A. Studdert 
Kennedy 


Devotional Period. Henry 'P, Van Dusen 
Closing Prayer. The Rev. G. A. Studdert Kennedy . : 


ADDRESSES ON CHRISTIAN FAITH . : : , : : / 
What Do We Believe About God? Canon Edward S. Woods . 
What Do We Believe About Sin and Forgiveness? Canon 

Edward S. Woods : ‘ ; 
What Do We Believe About the Kingdom of God? Canon 
Edward S. Woods . : : 
What Do We Believe About the Sources of "Power? Canon 
Edward S. Woods ; : 


Sunpay Morninc ApprEss . : : ; 
oe ie eam of Life and How God Leads Men. John 
Mott ; ; : : 


A Prayer. David R. Porter . 
THE STUDENT VOLUNTEER MOVEMENT . 
Report of the Executive Committee of the Student Volunteer 
Movement for Foreign Missions. Presented by Joseph C. 
Robbins : p : 3 3 y : ‘ : 


ProBLEMS IN HuMAN RELATIONSHIPS 
Human Relationship and Modern Industrialism. Paul Blanshard 
Racial Relations and Christian Brotherhood. Willis J. King . 
Racial Relations and Christian Brotherhood. Y. Y. Tsu . A 
Racial Relations and Christian Brotherhood. Dr. Paul W. 
Harrison . : ; : 
International Affairs ‘and the Christian Ideal. ’ The Honorable 
Newton W. Rowell . : : ; 
“Present Day Social and Intellectual Unrest. ‘Sherwood Eddy 


A Prayer. George L, Collins . 


THE MIssIONARY ENTERPRISE . 
The Relation of the Foreign Missionary Enterprise to the World 
Situation Today. Robert E. Speer . 
The Confidence Which Past Missionary Achievement Inspires in 
Us for the Future. Charles R. Watson . 


EvuropEAN SITUATION i ie . 
Moral and Spiritual Conditions in Europe. Adolph Keller 
Students in Europe and Russia. Glenn Harding 


A Prayer. E, Fay Campbell . 


PAGE 


147 
157-165 
157 
163 


166 


xii CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


CouNTRIES 

Africa. J. int Kwegyir Aggrey . 

China. C. Y. Cheng . : 

India. Yohan Mashih E 

Japan. Hiroshi Hatanaka . 

Latin America. Andres Osuna . : ; ; : 

Mohammedanism in the Near East. Kingsley Birge . : ‘ 

Mohammedanism and the Missionary’s Task. Dr. Paul W. 
Harrison : 3 : : i ; : : : 


Discussion Groups. Harrison S. Elliott and Miss Grace Loucks . 


A Prayer. Dr. Paul W. Harrison . 


STUDENT SESSION. Erdman Harris Presiding . 
Student Addresses on Racial Relations: 
Leonard S. Cottrell, Jr. ‘ 
F. Eugene Corbie 
Robert A. Mallory 
P. M. Blanko 
Student Addresses on War: 
H. McAllister Griffiths 
Theodore C. Sargent . 
Wendell Berge 
Allan A. Hunter . : : : y ; 
Devotional Exercise. Samuel Shoemaker, Jr. . 
Student Addresses on Consecration: 
E. Fay Campbell 
Henry P. Van Dusen . 
Closing Prayer. The Rev. G. A. Studdert Kennedy . 


A Prayer. Kenneth Scott Latourette 


ForuMsS . 

Syllabi of Forums on Types of Christian Service Throughout 
the World . 

Neglect of Country Districts. Quotation from H onan M essenger 

Evangelism in Western India. A. R. Bryan . : ; ; 

¢ Rural Evangelistic Work in China. Peter Matson . 

Preaching in the Villages of Arabia. G. D. Van Peursem . ; 

Opportunities for Evangelistic Tours. Miss Agnes Thonstad . 

Classes for Women in the Country Field. Miss Mary McClure 

Training Bible Women for Rural Evangelistic Work. Miss 
Mary Culler White . ; 

Kind of Evangelistic Teachers Needed, Mrs. F, B. Watson : 

Junior Sunday Schools. Miss Katharine R. Green . 

Co-operation with Other Workers in Rural Fields. Miss Ella N. 
Rudy . s : ; 

City EyaLeiemeestnary of Opening Statement. A. L. Warns- 
huis. : p é ; 

Evangelism in Baghdad. H. A. Bilkert < 2 : : 

City Evangelism and Work Among Students. Henry Smith Leiper 

How Women Students Help in Evangelism. Miss Mary McClure 

Some Opportunities in City Evangelistic Work in Japan. Miss 
Bertha Starkey . 

Mastery of the Language as an Aid to Evangelistic Work Among 
Girl Students. Miss Edith Newlin , 

Open Doors in Japan. Mrs. Gilbert Bowles ; 

Medical Work Among Women. Dr. Mary L. James . 

American Missionaries in Japanese City Churches. K. Hatanaka 

Newspaper Evangelism in Japan. Albertus Pieters . 


218 


276 


CONTENTS xiii 


Forums, continued PAGE 
Professional Training of the Medical Missionary. E. M. Dodd . 313 
Professional Training Needed for Specialized Forms of Medical 

Missionary Service. E. H. Dodd . ; 2 , : ; 315 
Medical Missions in India. David Rioch . 320 
Co-operation of the Medical Missionary with His Fellow Mis- 

sionaries. J. H. Ahlquist . : ; 323 
Rural Evangelism—Medical. J. M. "Waters. ! 327 
The Importance of Elementary Education from the Missionary 

Standpoint in Latin America. Oscar Buck . : 331 
Some Factors Influencing Elementary Education in Mission Fields 

Todays MaG: Lehman. s : 333 
Elementary Education in Africa. Mrs. E. A. “Johnston : ¢ 336 

l Elementary Education in China. Miss Bernice M. Wood . : 337 
Educational Work in Africa. Miss Edith Mae Bell . ; 337 
Secondary and Higher Education for Men ‘(Report of Forum 

Discussion). Lucius C. Porter . ‘ 339 

«Secondary Education in China. William | H. Gleysteen ; % 340 
Secondary and Higher Education for Women (Summary of 

Forum Addresses). Miss Margaret Burton . : 341 
Education and Its Importance in the Missionary Enterprise in 

China. John W. Cline ‘ 346 
Teaching of Special Subjects—Introductory Remarks. ate i. P. 

J Sailer . 347 
Teaching Specialties Most N eeded in China. 1}, C. Garritt | ‘ 348 
Teaching Specific Subjects in the Philippines. E. K. Higdon : 348 
Teaching Specific Subjects in East China. D. L. Sherertz . 349 
The Relation of Teachers of Special Subjects to Mission Boards 350 
Educational Requirements in India. Ralph D. Wellons . : 351 
Opportunities for Educational Missionaries in China. Andrew 

Cheng . : , : : 352 
ee ean Missions. (Report of Forum). T. S. Donohugh .. 353 
The Industrial Problems of a Great Oriental City and the Oppor- 

tunities of the City Missionary. Elam J. Anderson . F 354 
Industrial Opportunities in India. Ray E. Rice . : , 357 
Literary Work—Outline of a General Statement. ey . Lovell 

Murray 4 é : 3 359 
Newspaper Evangelism. Albertus Pieters : ¥ : ‘ A 361 
The Bible Societies. W.B. Cooper . 364 
Young Men’s Christian Association Work (Summary of Forum 

Addresses). Frank V. Slack : 304 
The Young Women’s Christian Association, a Profession for 

College Women. Miss Mabel Cratty . ie, 306 
The Young Women’s Christian Association—in Relation to Mis- 

sion Boards. Miss Ruth Smith . ; 367 
The Young Women’s Christian Association Secretary in ‘South 

America. Miss Anna Mae Stokely . 367 
The Young Women’s Christian Association Secretary in ‘India. 

Miss Marion Ferguson : 368 

‘\ Conditions and Terms of Service in the Young “Women’s Chris- 

tian Association. Miss Katherine Aller . . 369 
Social and Community Service (Summary of Introductory Re- 

marks). D. J. Fleming . ; : , 369 
Social Service and the Church. Ww. Ward Davis / : ‘ 370 
The Need of Christian Social Leaders in Japan. Robert M. 

Kamide : 372 

J The Community Church as a Christian Social Agency in China. 

AAR. Kepler : - , é ; : : 373 
Boy Scouts in India. Ray BE Rice : 375 


Opportunities for Christian Service Abroad Involving Business 
and Technical Skill. E. C. Carter . f . : : 376 


xiv CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


ForuMs, continued 
Christian Students and Unoccupied Areas in Industry. W. P. 
Hapgood . 
Government Service ‘Abroad as an ‘Opportunity for. Christian 
Service. Frederic E. Lee . 
Opportunities for Married Women “Within and Without the 
Home. Mrs. Charles K. Roys . 


Crosinc MESSAGES OF CONVENTION . ‘ , 
What Jesus Christ Has Meant to Me and “My Pioniet Andrew 
Thakar Dass Z F : 
What Jesus Christ Has Meant to Me and My People. L. K. 
Chang : . 
S*Why Foreign Missions? Kenneth Scott Latourette . 
Why I Purpose, God Permitting, to Become a Foreign Mission- 
ary. James G. Endicott . 
Why I Purpose, God Permitting, to Become a Foreign Mission- 
ary. Miss Mary J. Baker . ‘ 
What Jesus Christ and This Convention Ought to Mean on Our 
Campuses. Arthur Rugh . 
Closing Devotional Period. The Rev. G. A. Studdert Kennedy 


THE STUDENT VOLUNTEER MOVEMENT 
ORGANIZATION FOR THE CONVENTION 
THe Exuisir . 

STATISTICS OF THE CONVENTION 
MESSAGES TO THE CONVENTION: . 
SatLtep List 


SUMMARY OF SAILED VOLUNTEERS WITH FIELDS To WuHicH THEY 
Have Gone 


Honor Roi 


INDEX 


PAGE 


377 
379 
386 
395-420 
395 


399 
402 


406 
409 


412 
418 


421 
422-427 
428-451 

452 


- 453-454 


455-533 


534 
535-536 
537-546 


MORNING WATCH 


MORNING WATCH 


Saturday, December 29, 1923 
SCRIPTURE 


“This is the day which Jehovah hath made; we will rejoice 
and be glad in it.” “I laid me down and slept: I awaked, for 
Jehovah sustaineth me.” “How precious also are thy thoughts 
unto me, O God; ... they are more in number than the sand; 
when I awake, I am still with thee.” Ps. 118:24; 3:5; 139:17, 18. 

“If thou, Jehovah, shouldst mark iniquities, O Lord, who 
could stand?” “Behold, thou desirest truth in the inward parts.” 
“Have mercy upon me, O God, according to thy loving kind- 
ness.” “Forgive all my sins.” Ps. 130:3; 51:1, 6. 

“Forthwith therefore I sent to thee: and thou hast well done 
that thou art come. Now therefore we are all here present in 
the sight of God, to hear the things which have been com- 
manded thee of the Lord.” “Speak, Lord, for they servant 
heareth.” Acts 10:33; I Sam. 3:9. ’ 


MEDITATION 


Lord, by what strength but thine shall I enter into the 
hours and opportunities of this day? 

Thou hast gathered us, to share with thee thy great pur- 
poses, to search our hearts, to give each single life some clear 
word of direction. 

How shall I measure the import of these hours to countless 
human beings, to thy Kingdom, or to my own spirit? Lord, 
lead me, like a Shepherd, by the hand. 

I thank thee that I need bring to the great assembly no 
stumbling-block of a will unconsecrated, no mind unresponsive, 
no burden of unforgiven sin. O Christ, who hast died, cleanse, 
forgive, and fit me for this day. 

Speak through thy servants. Speak to me, and to my fellow- 
students. Speak through us at length, and speedily, to the 
world, that all mankind may hear. In Christ’s name I pray. 
Amen. 


XV 


Xvi CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


SUBJECTS FOR INTERCESSION 


That warring classes in all lands may catch a vision of 
peaceful cooperation and modern industrialism be permeated 
with the spirit of Christ. 

That unjust discrimination and hatred between races may 
die out and all may join hands in Christian brotherhood. 


That international relations may bow before the Christian 
ideal. 


MORNING WATCH 


MORNING WATCH 


Sunday, December 30, 1923 
SCRIPTURE 


“If I regard iniquity in my heart the Lord will not hear.” 
Psalm 66:18. 

“Who can understand his errors? Cleanse Thou me from 
secret faults.” Psalm 19:12. 

“I look for the Lord; my soul doth wait for Him; in His 
word is my trust.” 

“My soul fleeth unto the Lord: before the morning watch, 
I say, before the morning watch.” Psalm 130:5, 6. 


MEDITATION 


Our loving Heavenly Father, on this day of rest and wor- 
ship our hearts are restless until they rest in Thee. We give 
Thee our thanks that through Jesus Christ our Lord Thou art 
summoning us this Sunday morning unto Thy fellowship and 
unto a deepening fellowship with all Thy needy children. We 
are very sorry for our mistakes and willful sins, for our care- 
lessness and apathy, for our blindness and lack of love. For- 
give us we pray Thee these our many sins. Give us grace 
today that we may enter into fellowship in spirit with all Thy 
Church which Thou art redeeming to Thyself out of every race 
and nation. Teach us how to worship Thee. Save us from 
slothfulness of intellect as we strive toward that unity for which 
our Lord himself prayed. 

O Lord, who hast made of one blood all the nations of 
men, give unto us the mind of Christ as we try today here 
together to look with open minds and sympathetic hearts upon 
the needs of our brothers and sisters around the world. Quicken 
our imaginations to enter with them into their restless dissatis- 
factions, their smarting injustice, their longings for a day of 
human brotherhood. Grant us the gift of burning indignation 
against wrongdoing and oppression and show us new and more 
costly ways of giving our all for Christ and His Kingdom. Raise 
up in the colleges of the world new champions of righteousness. 
May our students be saved from selfishness, luxury and soft 


XVii 


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CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


living. Kindle in our cold hearts the fires of true devotion, 
through Jesus Christ, Our Lord. Amen. 


SUBJECTS FOR INTERCESSION 


That the intellectual and social unrest of the world may be 
met and satisfied in Him who came to give a peace which the 
world cannot give and cannot take away. 

That the great foreign mission enterprise whose aim is to 
build up the body of Christ in all the world may both stimulate 
our imagination and enlist our enthusiastic cooperation. 

That the Sun of Righteousness may rise over the millions 
in the Middle Kingdom, the Sunrise Kingdom and the Land of 
Morning Calm. g 


MORNING WATCH 


MORNING WATCH 


Monday, December 31, 1923 
SCRIPTURE 


“All kings shall fall down before Him; all nations shall 
serve Him.” “Nation shall not lift up sword against nation, 
neither shall they learn war any more.” “The earth shall be full 
of the knowledge of the Lord, as the waters cover the sea.” 
Psalm 72:11; Isaiah 2:4; 11:9. 

“How long, O Jehovah?” “The kings of the earth set 
themselves, and the rulers take counsel together, against Jeho- 
vah, and against his Anointed.” “We see not yet all things 
subject unto Him.” Psalm 89:46; 2:2; Heb. 2:8. 

“But we behold him... even Jesus.” “I am the way, the 
truth, and the life.” “I, if I be lifted up, will draw all men unto 
me.” “My word shall not return unto me void.” “O thou of 
little faith, wherefore didst thou doubt?” Heb. 2:9; John 14:6; 
12:32; Isaiah 55:11; Mat. 14:31. 

“What shall I do, Lord?” “And I heard the voice of the 
Lord saying, Whom shall I send? And who shall go for us? 
Then I said, Here am I; send me.” Acts 22:10; Isaiah 6:8. 


MEDITATION 


Father, I pray for pardon and rest of heart in Thee; I 
would remember the great world, sinful, distracted, going its 
sorrowful way, neither resting nor worshiping. 

I thank Thee for my own Christian inheritance; for the 
Scriptures, and prayer, and a present Savior; for the challenging 
facts and thoughts of this place; for the gift of life at such a 
supreme time of crisis. O Christ, I would not live for myself: 
humble me and lift me up with a vision, in which I shall see my 
place in the task of Thy Kingdom, and have strength given me 
to undertake it. 

I thank Thee that amid evils so universal and overwhelm- 
ing there is hope for mankind; hope of purity, hope of brother- 
hood, hope of vanquished hate and ignorance and pain in the 
coming Kingdom of God. Inspire believing intercession. Bless 
the gatherings of this day. Anoint with faith and wisdom those 


xix 


CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


who address us. Make the day a milestone of experience and 
a stepping stone in human progress. I ask this in Thy name. 
Amen. 


SUBJECTS FOR INTERCESSION « 


That the meaning of the cross of Christ may be a central 
reality in our experience and service. 

That all of us present at this Convention may make a com- 
plete commitment of life to the leadership of Christ. 

That our loyalty to the Church of Christ may be deepened. 

That the clamant needs of India and Moslem lands may 
be met and satisfied by the Redeemer of all men. 


¢ 


MORNING WATCH : 


MORNING WATCH 


Tuesday, January 1, 1924 
SCRIPTURE 


“Now on the last day, the great day of the feast, Jesus 
stood and cried, saying, If any man thirst, let him come unto 
me and drink. He that believeth on me, as the Scripture hath 
said, from within him shall flow rivers of living water.” John 
7:37, 38. 

“But Simon Peter . .. fell down at Jesus’ knees, saying, 
Depart from me, for I am a sinful man, O Lord. ... And Jesus 
said unto Simon, Fear not; from henceforth thou shalt catch 
men.” Luke 5:8, ro. 

“Go ye into all the world,and preach the gospel to the 
whole creation.” “I am with you alway.” Mark 16:15; Mat. 
28:20. 

“Now is my soul troubled; and what shall I say? Father, 
save me from this hour? But for this cause came I unto this 
hour. Father, glorify thy name.” “I will go in the strength 
of the Lord God.” John 12:27, 28. Psalm 71:16. 


MEDITATION 


Lord, I would face Thee before I face this day. I would 
be searched with lighted candle, before I emerge to walk amid 
the treacherous lights that are leading so many of us astray. 

What is this costly, flickering, momentous gift of life which 
Thou hast given me? To what end are Thy past providences 
and my presence here, as a selected one, amid thoughts so vast 
and inspirations so great? Speak to me, I pray. 

Thou hast wrought mightily through the missionary enter- 
prise. Thou dost promise power. Lead me, the most unworthy 
of Thy followers. Subdue lesser ambitions. Deliver me from 
myself. If ever I have seen clearly, let it be today. If ever I 
have felt generous love, pity, emancipating loyalty, let it be 
today. 

O Christ, draw near to this vast body of students. Cleanse, 
restore, steady, inspire us all. For once may we feel as Thou 
dost, as we survey restless humanity, lost as sheep having no 


XxXi 


XxXil 


CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


shepherd, Thy self, Thy cross, the long unfinished task, and 
ourselves, Thy friends and messengers. We beg this in Thy 
name. Amen. 


SUBJECTS FOR INTERCESSION 


That we may realize our responsibility to help in every way 
our brothers in Latin America and especially our nearest neigh- 
bor to the South, Mexico. 

That Africa’s awakening may be not only educational and 
industrial, but also moral and spiritual, so that its peoples may 
behold and be transformed by the Light of the world. 

That the Student Volunteer Movement may remain true to 
its trust and may be of increasing help to the missionary boards 
in securing those who are qualified to serve overseas and in 
strengthening the home base of missions through missionary 
education and prayer. 

That the achievements and opportunities of the foreign 
missionary enterprise may deepen faith and strengthen effort for 
the evangelization of the world in this generation. 


MORNING WATCH 


MORNING WATCH 


Wednesday, January 2, 1924 
SCRIPTURE 


“Only be strong and very courageous.” Joshua 1:7. 

“Watch ye, stand fast in the faith, quit you like men, be 
strong.” 1 Cor. 16:13. 

“My meat is to do the Will of Him that sent me, and to 
finish His work.” John 4:34. 

“Watch and pray that ye enter not into temptation: the 
spirit indeed is willing, but the flesh is weak.” Mat. 26:41. 


MEDITATION 


We thank Thee, our Father, for sunshine after the darkness 
of night. We thank Thee that in a world of misery and woe 
Thou hast set before us a great hope that Thy Kingdom shall 
come on the whole earth; that Thou didst teach us to pray for 
its coming. Even so come, Lord Jesus; create within me a 
mind, heart and will fit to manifest Thee to the world; make 
Thou a new world and begin with me; may the Kingdom of 
God be first within me. 

I thank Thee for the great Convention just closed, for the 
messages Thou didst speak to me through human lips, for the 
vision I saw of a whole world made obedient to Thy Will. 
Help me to begin today to bring it to pass. May my friendly 
circle of family and college be dominated by that ideal, purified 
of all social hatreds and selfishness. May Canada and the 
United States become far more and not less the home of the 
oppressed of every land, shining examples of freedom and jus- 
tice. We confess, to our shame, all that makes us unworthy 
of being called Christian nations. As many men gladly gave 
their lives in the war, teach us new ways of giving our lives 
for our countries and the world that Christ may reign in the 
hearts of men. 

May groups in every college whose minds and hearts are 
kindled by Thee so work in patience and faithfulness that a 
New Day may indeed come. Through them may a knowledge 


XXili 


XXIV 


CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


of Thy grace and power cover the whole earth as the waters 
cover the sea. Through Jesus Christ our Lord. Amen. 


SUBJECTS FOR INTERCESSION 


That the impression made and help received during the 
Convention may be lasting and dynamic. 

That each one of us may morning by morning take time 
to draw upon the sources of power which are found in individual, 
thoughtful study of the Bible and in prayer. 

That we may live out on our campuses the ideals of Christ as 
they have been presented to us in Indianapolis. 

For a world-wide spiritual awakening...“Thy Kingdom 
come, Thy will be done on earth as it is in heaven.” The king- 
doms of this world shall become the kingdoms of our Lord 
and Savior Jesus Christ. 


Opening Prayer of the Convention 


Rosert P. WILDER 


Our Heavenly Father, we thank Thee that Thou hast 
brought us from many different universities and from many 
lands to this place in a common quest. We realize something 
of the difficulties of the time in which we are living and our 
great desire is that Thou wilt help us to find Thy will so that 
we may serve our own generation well. We know something 
of industrial bitterness and class divisions; we know something 
also of interracial strife and hatred, of international jealousies 
and of that seething tide of intellectual and social unrest in 
different parts of the world. Today we thank Thee that we 
can look to Thee with confidence, for we know that in Jesus 
Christ we have the solution of all these and other problems. 

We thank Thee for Him, for His wonderful teaching, teach- 
ing not only that we should love Thee with all our heart and 
mind and soul and strength, but that we should also love our 
neighbors as ourselves. 

We thank Thee not only for His teaching but for His won- 
derful example, for Him who was the children’s friend, and the 
outcast’s hope. We thank Thee for Him who breaks down every 
middle wall of partition that is separating men from each 
other. We thank Thee for His manliness and sympathy and 
purity. We thank Thee for that love which led Him to the 
very limit of self-sacrifice which led Him to the cross. 

And here together this afternoon we would thank Thee for 
the Lamb of God which taketh away the sin of the world, who 
was wounded for our iniquities and upon whom is the chastise- 
ment of our peace. 

We thank Thee also that He was victorious over the grave 
and that He can today give us power to live the life we should 
live as individuals, to reconstruct society, to better international 
relationships, to bring all war to cease, even unto the end of the 
world. 

In His name we come together to worship Thee and to seek 
Thy guidance in these days. Grant, O God, that we may feel 
Thy presence throughout every session of this great gathering. 

We ask it in His name who has taught us to say when we 
pray, “Our Father, Who art in Heaven, hallowed be Thy name, 
Thy Kingdom come, Thy will be done on earth as it is in 
Heaven. Give us this day our daily bread, and forgive us our 
trespasses as we forgive those who trespass against us, and lead 
us not into temptation but deliver us from evil, for Thine is the 
Kingdom, and the Power, and the Glory, forever.” Amen. 


a 





OPENING SESSION 


THE PURPOSE ,OF THE CONVENTION 


Dr. Water H. Jupp 


Chairman of the National Student Council of the Student Volunteer Movement 
and Vice-Chairman of the Convention 


As Chairman of the Fourth Student Volunteer Council I have 
been asked to talk to you this afternoon on the purpose of this 
convention. I want to do this very informally, very simply and yet 
very earnestly. Most of you have not seen me before, nor I you, 
yet I wish that in these opening moments we could feel ourselves 
acquainted, meeting together as friends, to consider some of the — 
tremendously important problems of this world and our attitude 
toward them, with the mind and in the spirit of Jesus Christ. 

These are very serious days. This convention meets at a strategic 
and most critical time in the world’s history. And even though in 
these days of conference together, there may arise conflicting, almost 
clashing opinions, it is my hope that right in this opening hour 
we may so love each other that men may know we are disciples 
of Him, that while we may hold diametrically opposed points 
of view in regard to methods and definite, concrete programs, 
yet we shall be united in a Christian fellowship, never doubting 
or distrusting or failing to believe in each other as far as motives 
and sincerity are concerned. 

I am young, impetuous, and inexperienced as you might guess 
by looking at me, and I may fail entirely this afternoon, but I am 
going to try my level best to put into words what is in my own heart, 
and what I believe is in the heart of a great majority of you, as you 
come to this Convention after long months of looking forward to 
it and preparing for it. 


2 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


This Convention program has been planned through a succession 
of conferences, committees and sub-committees that have been meet- 
ing for over a year. Last February a questionnaire was sent out 
to about one thousand students and religious leaders of this country, 
asking what they felt should be included in this program and calling 
for their suggestions of what this Conveftion should seek to accom- 
plish. Several of the leading issues have already been considered 
in discussion groups on your campus. The Business Committee, 
which is in direct control of the affairs of the next five days, consists 
of twenty-four members. Eighteen of these are students, just like 
ourselves. This is a student convention. It will be what we make 
it, and I as a student this afternoon want to express as faithfully 
and as nearly as I can sense it, what I believe to be the real purpose 
of this great gathering. 

After all, why are wevyhere? What came we out to see? What 
is the justification for a great convention of this sort every four 
years? 

I think we are met today to consider with fair, sane, unpreju- 
diced minds this troubled world and its desperate need. We are met 
to ask what is wrong in the world and why. We are met to con- 
sider not only those things that are wrong over there but some of 
the things that are wrong here at home. We are here to discover and 
then, after we have made the discovery, to admit that all the world, 
including the United States and Canada, regardless of what it may 
say it believes or professes to follow, in its actual life and living con- 
ditions is today essentially pagan. 

This world cannot be divided geographically or religiously into 
water-tight compartments. No portion of it can be considered hon- 
estly without all the rest of the world as a background. However, I 
think there is today, and will continue to be for some time—the 
shorter that time the better—a natural division into evangelized and 
unevangelized portions of the world. As long as great, relatively 
unoccupied territories remain, there will be this need of emphasis 
upon the great, relatively unevangelized portions of the world. We 
are met in this convention to consider with particular emphasis the 
needs of these great unevangelized portions of the world, not in oppo- 
sition to the needs at home—not for a minute—but as one part, the 
greatest and most neglected part, religiously speaking, of the whole. 
There is but one field, the world. The Bible does not say that God 
so loved the U.S.A., nor does it say that God so loved China that 
He gave His only begotten Son, but that God so loved the world. 

We are met to consider with particular emphasis that great, rela- 


THE PURPOSE OF THE CONVENTION 3 


tively unoccupied part of the world that we are in the habit of call- 
ing the non-Christian lands. The needs here in. America are per- 
haps no less urgent, no less acute, no less desperate than are those 
over there. I mean the real spiritual needs. Yet the type of work 
to be done, the barriers to be broken down, the special preparation 
that is necessary, the peculiar obstacles to be overcome in any Chris- 
tian work over there are so different in character from the peculiar 
obstacles to be overcome here at home, where the needs are pre- 
sented to us daily, if only our eyes are open and lifted up, and our 
home religious forces are operating with any power, that surely there 
is ample justification, yes, and urgent need for a presentation at 
least once in every four years of a specific foreign missionary chal- 
lenge. 

What is wrong in the world today? During these next five days 
you are going to hear a great deal of what is wrong with the world 
over there from those who will follow me. I want to talk for a 
moment about the needs right here in our own colleges—equally des- 
perate. Are there things wrong in your college and my college, in 
your life and my life as we come up to this Convention? I am not 
excepting any man just because he happens to be a Y.M.C.A. presi- 
dent or a student volunteer. 

There are men on this platform who were present in 1886 at 
the founding of the Student Volunteer Movement at Mount Her- 
mon. ‘These formed with others a mere handful of men who were 
burdened in their hearts about the needs of the world and who were 
praying and thinking about these needs. They believed in God and 
in his cause with such conviction, with such earnestness that they 
were very willing to lay down their lives and their ambitions—the 
same sort of selfish ambitions that you and I have—for that cause. 
Three years before that conference a man stood on the platform and 
said to them, “God is ready to give you his power, when you are ready 
to receive it.” They were ready. They received his power. The 
Student Volunteer Movement was born. 

I am asking this today. Those men as students moved their 
student generation as no group of students had ever done before. 
Are we presenting the Christ as effectively today, we as students, 
are we moving our student generation as those men did? If not, 
let us examine the source of their power, the cause of our failure. 

Those men not only during the years when they were students 
but all through the years since then have continued to present Christ 
effectively, to move and mold student thought and life. They have 
remained in positions of leadership in our student movements, not 


4 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


because they desired to keep the control and to dominate these move- 
ments by their own personalities, but chiefly because no students 
have come up from the on-coming generations to take their places. 
They would be the first to welcome such. Robert E. Speer, John R. 
Mott, and Robert P. Wilder are the men of whom I speak. If they 
were to step out today who of us could step in and move this, our - 
generation, as they have moved theirs? 

I heard a man the other day telling of a conference he attended 
with Dr. Mott and Mr. Wilder when a reference was made to their 
student days. After Dr. Mott had gone, Mr. Wilder said to this 
individual who spoke to me, “Did you notice the glow on Mott’s 
face when he spoke of the early days of the Movement?” 

I want to ask this this afternoon. When you and I, fifteen or 
twenty or thirty years from now, look back on our student days, will 
there be any glow on our faces because of the way in which we have 
lived for Christ? Not because of what we have said about Him, 
but because of the way we have lived on our college campuses. Are 
there men there who believe in Christ so desperately that they are 
able to go out and present Christ with such force and conviction, yet 
with such winsomeness that others want to know Him because of 
what they see of Him in us? I do not mean going about arguing 
for different theories regarding His birth, miracles, death and resur- 
rection. A man may believe or disbelieve all of that and be rotten 
at the core. I am asking why we are not holding up Jesus Christ 
as a fact in our daily lives and conversation so boldly and so convinc- 
ingly that men are drawn irresistibly to Him, wanting their lives and 
not merely their opinions changed. 

I am not preaching anything to you that I do not need myself. 
I may stand up here and talk ever so glibly but unless the fellows 
back in my medical school and fraternity are better men because I 
have lived among them, unless some of these men, who are Christians 
today, are Christians because I have been a Christian, then my words 
are vain and are become as “sounding brass and a tinkling cymbal.” 
As I look back right now I can’t recall a single student in my medical 
school—just an average medical school, no better and no worse than 
any other—who is a Christian today because of the way I have lived 
Christ. 

Is that true of you in your college? Of us who have planned to 
enter some definite Christian work, in the foreign fields perhaps, or 
here at home, but who in our lives are oblivious to the needs of the 
fellow right next to us? Ina sort of indefinite, hazy way we plan 
to go out at some future time and work perhaps for some man on the 


THE PURPOSE OF THE CONVENTION 5 


foreign field, but meanwhile we are not in earnest about the man 
whom we meet on the campus. Is that a fair statement? Are we 
moving our student generation, are we producing the student leaders 
comparable to those of yesterday and those developing in other 
lands, even in those lands we sometimes call pagan? If not, why 
not? We are here to consider that in this convention. 

I want to ask you in all fairness this afternoon, why we are not 
moving our student world and drawing it to Christ? Is it the fault 
of Christ? Is He inadequate for this generation? Is His program 
workable? Can it be put into actual practice and lived in our genera- 
tion? Was the secret of those men’s power back at Mount Hermon 
due to the fact that the average student of that day did not apply 
such a coldly scientific mind to the things of religion as we do today? 
Was he able, more or less, to hypnotize himself into a state where he 
thought he was conscious of the presence of Jesus Christ, whereas 
all that he experienced was a reflex effect of his own abnormal 
psychological processes ? 

Is the trouble with our generation due to the fact that the student 
mind today is too logical, too practical, demanding too cold-blooded 
proof of everything before it will accept anything? The great major- 
ity of our students are very independent, even radical, if by being 
radical they can find truth. They have little regard for form or 
creed or convention or custom or authority as such. They seek after 
truth. Is this what is wrong with our generation? 

Please do not think that I speak of these students disparagingly. 
I speak of them with sympathy because I fancy I am one of them. 
I have never been able to trample what intellect and reason God has 
given me into the dust in order to receive what someone else from 
the past or present generation happens to give me with orders to 
“swallow but do not masticate.” 

Is the fault with Christ? Is He not adequate for this generation 
of scientific thinking individuals who demand that they be shown, 
intellectually first, and then that they be shown the power of Christ 
in the lives of those about them? They want to know if Christ is 
able to make a life more noble, more generous, more broad, or does 
He make it narrow and petty, cynical and controversial? Students 
have a right to ask such questions. They demand also that they 
experience Jesus Christ in their own individual and social living 
before they can go out and say anything definite for Him to others. 
We cannot honestly say “Christ is sufficient for all the world’s needs” 
until we have taken Christ in earnest and followed in His way even 
unto the cross ourselves. 


6 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


Is the fault with the church and its interpretation of Christ? 
Because the church has lived Him so inadequately, so feebly, has 
trimmed off the rough corners here and there in order not to offend 
anybody until it has lost its prophetic vision and spiritual power. Is 
that the trouble with our generation? Have we too much organiza- 
tion? Or is the trouble with us who label ourselves Christians and 
go through all the motions, active and enthusiastic in our student 
organizations, the Student Volunteer Movement, the Y.W.C.A. 
and what not, but who deliberately refuse to climb Calvary with 
Christ daily? Is the fault with us who talk a great deal about His 
principles and “kid” ourselves into believing we are in earnest about 
Him, but who nevertheless do not believe in Him to the point where 
we are willing to lay down our lives for Him? Is that a fair way to 
put it? We do not believe in Him—really believe—enough to make 
honest, persistent and completely consecrated efforts to live Him and 
His way of life at the cost of everything—everything. How many 
fellows and girls do you know absolutely surrendered to His will— 
without one single reservation for themselves? How many? 

We are here to look at this world, including our college world, 
and see what is wrong in it and why. We are here to ask just as 
honestly, seriously, and intelligently what is right in this world and 
why. There are many encouraging things. We are here not only 
to see and study what is right and wrong in the world, but we are 
here to try to find the “way out.” Some one will suggest the League 
of Nations, the outlawry of war, another some new social program, 
economic equality, universal education, universal democracy, the 
Christian faith and the Christian ideal. 

This is a Christian convention, composed of Christian students. 
The majority of us, I believe, are of the conviction that whatever will 
change the heart of man from an attitude of hate, greed, and self- 
interest, in other words, from an attitude of sinning into an attitude 
of love, good will and unselfishness or an attitude of doing righteous- 
ness—that is the way out. 

Most of us believe that Jesus Christ can change the heart in 
that way. No one else and nothing else in the world can. That is 
why we are here. We are here to find Jesus’ “way out” of this 
difficult situation for ourselves personally and for this world and for 
our generation of students particularly. What is the secret of the 
success of the men who have lived Christ, however imperfectly, before 
our eyes? What is the secret of their power? We are here to 
find that. We are here to get close to the sources of power, to get 
such clear knowledge and intimate contact with Jesus, the perfect 


THE PURPOSE OF THE CONVENTION qT 


revelation of our God, that we can go out and do the things that we 
know we ought to do. 

It is one thing to see a need; it is another to feel a need, whether 
in New York City or in our southern mountains or over in Africa. 
Then seeing with trained and informed minds and feeling with edu- 
cated and sensitive hearts, we need cultured and consecrated wills 
that will slip in like automatic clutches and hold fast to the thing 
that we know we ought to do. To me that is what this convention 
is for. We are here for these things. 

The day is very hopeful, very encouraging. In recent years 
there has been a great wave of careless, godless living, especially 
during and since the war. We have had an alarming amount of 
superficial, reckless thinking. The student has not met face to face 
with himself, with his future, or with his God. Now I can’t help 
believing that in the last year or year and a half the pendulum is 
swinging back. Students may appear to be living the same care-free, 
godless life but down deep in their hearts they are dissatisfied; they 
are unsatisfied. Their lives are empty, superficial and without pur- 
pose. They want something different. They want to come to know 
God intellectually, yes, but they want still more an experience of Him, 
a conscious certainty that He is, that He cares for them, and has a 
definite work for each of them to do, not because someone else says 
so—but because they can feel His power lifting them, forgiving them, 
changing their lives now. They are yearning for the great eternal 
realities of the soul. They are ready for any program, it may be 
radical and revolutionary, it may be conservative and conventional, 
it may be orthodox, it may be heterodox, it may employ present 
movements, it may revise present student movements, it may create 
new ones; but it must have reality and it must have power to blaze 
out new trails of thought and of living. 

Will you be willing in this convention, those of you who could 
go out and make money, to choose deliberately to remain poor if 
that is Jesus’ way for you? Those of you who could go out and 
write your name in a hall of fame somewhere, will you deliberately 
choose to remain obscure and unheard of, if that is Jesus’ way for 
you? Those who could go out and become famous or popular, 
are you willing to choose instead a cross on a hillside, despised, 
deserted and rejected? Are we willing to do that today? 

Over in the fifth chapter of Luke, I think it is, there are these 
words, “Now when he had left speaking, Jesus said unto Simon, 
Launch out into the deep and let down your nets for a draught.” 
It seems to me that Jesus is saying that to you and to me this after- 


8 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


noon. Ours is a careless generation. The burdens of the world are 
not resting very heavily on our hearts. We are comfortable. We 
have plenty. Why should we worry about the rest of the world? 
I don’t know just what the sea ahead of us is. I don’t know where 
next Tuesday night is going to bring us, but I believe He is in com- 
mand of the ship. Perhaps radical changes in organization are 
needed. Radical changes are needed in lives, that I do know. We 
want His way. 

But Simon said unto Jesus, “Master, we have toiled all the night 
and have taken nothing.” There are folks here, sofne of us, who will 
say, “Master, we have toiled for nineteen hundred years, ever since 
Christ came, and still the world, great sections of the world, wait 
for the full light of His revelation. Others will say, “But, Master, 
we have toiled for fifty years in our colleges, the Y.M.C.A.’s and 
Y.W.C.A.’s, and still there are fellows as far from God as when 
we started.” There are still others here who will say, “Master, we 
have toiled for thirty-seven years in the Student Volunteer Move- 
ment, and still the world is not evangelized.” Listen! Simon did 
not stop with the words, “Master, we have toiled all the night and 
have taken nothing.” He added, “Nevertheless, at thy word, I will 
let down the net.” . 

Are you with Simon? Am I? Even though we can’t see the 
way, not one step ahead, are we with him to the point where we are 
willing to let down the net once more, a hundred times more, at 
Jesus’ word? Are we willing to go back to our colleges to preach 
Christ, undismayed, unafraid? We shall be ridiculed, we shall be 
scorned, we shall be laughed at, misunderstood, condemned, criticized, 
ostracized. Of course! Why not? This may be Jesus’ way. “Be- 
hold, I send you forth as lambs among wolves.” Will we be willing 
to do that? Will we here get that power which shall enable us, when — 
we see His way, to follow, and to follow at tremendous cost to the 
ends of the earth, if necessary? 

There is one verse in the Bible that means everything to me. 
It is just this, “He that willeth to do His will shall know.” It requires 
a tremendous amount of faith for me to believe that. I can’t prove 
it by any logical means, so that we can write Q. E. D. at the end of it. 
“He that willeth to do His will shall know.” I don’t know His will 
in many particulars, but if I will to do His will, step by step as this 
is revealed, gradually the whole purpose of God for my life will 
stand revealed before me. Are you with Christ in this, am I, as we 
enter this first day of the convention to listen earnestly to Him? 
I have only one thing to risk—my life. I’m staking all that I have 


BE STILL AND KNOW THAT I AM GOD 9 


on the belief that He will do what He says in that verse. He that 
willeth to do, shall know. 

Perhaps I have failed. I said I might at the beginning, but I 
have tried my level best to tell you what I believe is the great purpose 
of this conference. If there are 828 men here whom God wants to 
go to the foreign field, there ought to be 828 men who will go—no 
more, no less. If there are 3,874 whom He wants to stay here, there 
ought to be that many who stay here—no more, no less. Are we 
surrendered? How many fellows are surrendered without one single 
reservation? Are we consecrated? Are you? Am I? 

I have told you the biggest thing I know. God help us as we 
enter this convention to enter it seeking Jesus, His way out for this 
world, His power to make us victorious. 


BE STILL AND KNOW THAT I AM GOD 


Tue Reverenp G. A. Stuppert KENNEDY 


Rector of St. Edmund’s Church, Lombard, London 


My mind goes back a great many years to the days, when as 
a very small boy, I used to be called into my mother’s room on a 
Sunday afternoon to have what we called Scripture lessons. I took 
no active part in the lessons at that time of my life, except that at 
a certain point my mother always turned to me and said, “Tell me 
how many there be.” And I said “ten.” I had not the dimmest 
notion what the Commandments were, but I knew that whatever they 
were there were ten of them, so I said so. 

But the real intetest in the proceedings began for me, when my 
mother took down from the shelf an old book with brown and bat- 
tered covers, and began to read in the soft Irish brogue which I shall 
hear for the rest of my life, the immortal prose of Bunyan’s “Pil- 
grim’s Progress.” And the opening words of that great book remain 
still fixed in my mind with scarce the need of looking up to verify 
them, and they come back to me again and again in words like these: 

“As I walked through the wilderness of the world I lighted 
upon a certain place where was a den, and as I slept I dreamed a 
dream. I dreamt and behold a man standing in a certain place, 
clothed with rags, with a great burden upon his back and a book in 
his hand and I looked and saw that he opened the book and read 
therein and as he read he wept and trembled, and not being able 


IO CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


longer to contain himself he broke out with a lamentable cry, saying, 
‘What shall I do?’ and I looked and saw that he turned this way and 
that way as though he would run and yet stood still because, as I 
perceived, he could not tell which way to go. 

“Then came Evangelist unto him, and, pointing with his finger 
over a very wide fae he said, ‘Seest thou that wicket gate?’ and 
the man said, ‘No.’ Then said the other unto him, ‘Seest thou that 
shining light?’ and the man said, ‘I think I do.’ Then said Evan- 
gelist, “Keep that light in your eye and go up directly thereto and 
thou shalt come unto the gate at which when thou knockest it shall 
be told thee what thou shalt do.’ ” 

What those great words meant to me in the days of my 
childhood I cannot now remember, but they keep coming back to me 
because I see word-painted there such a perfect picture of the world 
in which we live. A man clothed in rags! The whole world is 
full of them. Central Europe and the Near East, China and Japan 
where industrial conditions are more awful than they were in my 
own land at its most disgraceful and damnable period, are full of 
men clothed with rags, and even in my own beloved country they 
stand at the corners of the streets, growing daily more desperate, 
and those of us who are more fortunate and have escaped poverty 
are, thank God, beginning to feel that our own comfort is but filthy 
rags as long as these awful sights are seen. 

A man must be both hard in the heart and soft in the head at 
does not feel the cloud of the world’s poverty resting upon him now. 
A man clothed with rags, with his face turned from his own house,— 
our faces are turned from our own houses because in the days before 
the great war we thought that our homes were our own, that every 
man’s home was his castle, that his children were his own, and that 
once inside those peaceful doors he could shut the world outside, and 
be independent. 

Now we have learned and learned once for all that independence 
is impossible, that our homes are built into the streets of the city of 
destruction. War came once before like a thunder clap and tore our 
children away from us and sent them out to be butchered like sheép 
in a shambles, and those who came back came back to wake up and 
wonder what it was all about. War did it once, and we know that 
war may do it again. 

So we stand no longer looking backward into our own homes, 
but stand looking outward with our backs to them, out upon the 
world in whose fate ours is bound up, and with whose destiny ours 
forever rests. 


BE STILL AND KNOW .THAT I AM GOD ET 


We have not as a world got the Book in our hands. We have 
largely cast it away because it has ceased to have with many of us 
the authority that it used to have. We have not learned completely 
how to read it in the light of the new knowledge that we have gotten. 
The new knowledge has upset very largely the old authority, and in 
place of the Book we have a multitude of newspapers which we 
eagerly and frantically read, and they tell us indeed of the parlous 
state in which we stand, but they point to no road out, they detail 
heart-breaking tragedy after heart-breaking tragedy, and if as we 
read them we do not weep and tremble, it is either because we have 
got hardened in our hearts and made up our minds that it is no good 
trying to do anything, or it is because we are naturally selfish and 
naturally stupid. We have gotten a burden on our backs, a burden 
of debt and a burden of bereavement, a burden of fear and a burden 
of hatred, a burden of bitter antagonism which has come down to us 
from the last ten years. Again and again in the counsels of the 
wisest and best men in Europe during the last year or two I have 
heard go up that exceeding bitter cry, “What shall I do?” 

Everybody who has a head and a heart feels the burning desire, 
they turn this way and that way as though they would run to do 
something, and yet stand still; nothing is done, we drift. There is 
a multitude of activity and no real, definite determined action, because 
as I perceive, we can not tell which way to go. 

And when Evangelist comes to us and pointing with his finger 
over this very wide field, he says to us, “Seest thou that wicket gate, 
seest thou the old plan of salvation with the cross of Jesus as its 
center and the old simple surrender, and the old call, only believe 
and thou shalt find peace, the old call to surrender the heart to 
Jesus that we may be saved for a world beyond?” and he says to us, 
“Seest thou that wicket gate and that narrow way as the road to 
salvation?’—many of us turn to him with an anger and an agony 
behind our words and say, “No, I don’t; I don’t see what it has got 
to do with a world like this; I don’t want to be saved and leave the 
world behind; I would rather be damned with the masses than be 
saved with the chosen self-righteous few. I want to help the world.” 
That is the bitterness and the almost agony that come out behind a 
great deal of the rebellion against traditional theology and against 
merely traditional religion—‘“I don’t want to be saved unless I can 
save the world. I don’t want to be comfortable and at peace and 
leave the unemployed of my nation to bitterness and to atheism. I 
want to save the world, and unless Jesus can help me to do that, Jesus 
is no God for me.” 


I2 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


But when Evangelist turns to us and says, “Seest thou that 
shining light, the light that shines in the face of Jesus Christ, as the 
light of the highest beauty and the highest truth, the light that reveals 
what man ought to be and what the world ought to be,” then I think 
most of us answer with hesitancy and yet with hope, “I think I do.” 
The light still shines in the darkness and the darkness, oh, thank God, 
can not swallow it up. It still shines. 

If you ask me what I want, I want to be like Him. If you oe 
me what I want for the world, I can only answer I want it to be 
what He would have it be. He is to me the highest and the best. 
He is my Lord and my God. 

To the arguments for and against his: divinity. there is literally 
no end, but for me no one could disprove the divinity of Jesus save 
one who would come and convince me that he was better and more 
beautiful than He is. As long as He remains, by the sheer naked 
power of His own tremendous personality, the highest and the best 
of moral beauty and moral goodness that I can conceive, so long in 
spite of any argument that might be brought to the contrary, will 
He be my Lord and my God, before whom I bow down and worship 
and from Whom I seek power to live. 

You say that what you want is not worship but work, not religion 
but reason, and there is no one who wants reason more passionately 
than I do, but it is because I want reason that I must have religion. 
I suppose that the great mistake of the nineteenth century civilization 
builders was their assumption that men were rational by nature, the 
teaching that men are born rational beings. We used to be taught 
in the schools that men were wholly rational and animals wholly 
instinctive. From that absurd position research and experience have 
driven us helter-skelter. Experience first, for if the history of the 
world during the last ten years is to be read as the story of com- 
pletely rational beings, then either the word “‘rational’”’ loses its mean- 
ing or history becomes an inexplicable enigma. The conduct of man 
during the last ten years has been savagely irrational. No rational 
beings could have behaved in the mad, brutal, cruel fashion in which 
the most civilized, highly educated, splendidly developed men have 
behaved during the last ten years. 

Experience first of all drives us in complete rout from the posi- 
tion that men are born rational beings and research verifies experi- 
ence and reveals to us that men are born with a very powerful im- 
pulsive and instinctive nature, and that that impulsive and instinctive 
nature is the power center of their characters, the raw material of 
their personalities, so that, as Prof. William McDoughall says, if 


BE STILL AND KNOW THAT I AM GOD 13 


they were taken away or destroyed the human organism would lie 
inert and motionless, like a beautiful piece of clock work of which 
the main spring has been broken, or like an engine from which the 
fires have been drawn. 

We have learned that we have a very powerful, instinctive nature 
and that that instinctive nature affects all our conduct and all our 
thoughts. That discovery has led to a reaction and to an underrating’ 
of the power of reason, so that men say we are not rational, and that 
temperament and instinct are the ruling powers of our lives. That 
is a gospel of despair and could only lead to chaos worse confounded. 

In any case, with all of us, our instinctive, impulsive nature has 
very much more to do with our thinking and our conduct than we 
are willing to admit to ourselves. We are not born rational but we 
are capable of becoming so, and in becoming so lies our one and 
only hope. Unless we can become rational and can guide our con- 
duct upon rational principles, based upon a rational foundation of 
a real ethic, then the world is lost. But rationality is not a matter 
of the intellect pure and simple; there is no such thing as pure 
intellect; to talk about pure intellect is to talk bad psychology and 
half-baked truth. Rationality involves the surrender of the whole 
man, it involves the unification not merely of experience, but of all 
those impulses and instincts around which experience inevitably tends 
to gather itself in systems of associated ideas. 

Men are not born rational but they have to become so through 
stern discipline, and therefore it is not because we don’t want reason 
that we plead with you for religion, it is just because we do want it; 
it is not because we don’t want men to think that we plead with them 
to worship, it is just because we do want it; it is because we want 
reason and not ranting and raving; it is because we want thought 
and not mere expression of prejudice; it is because we want con- 
ference and not conflict, that we plead first that every man should 
build up within him, and every woman too, a place of stillness, a 
place of silence, into which he can retreat at will and out of which 
he has, by the grace of God, barred passion, pride and conceit and 
has found a silence where reigns only the Lord of Truth. 

Clever men who are personally conceited are the curse of all 
conferences. They want eternally to be jabbering, and even while 
the other man is talking they are not listening to what he is saying; 
they are thinking of what they are going to say. They are not out 
to learn the truth, they are out to air their own rotten, wretched, 
half-baked and half-thought-out ideas. It is because the conferences 
of the world are such rotten conferences that what you want to do 


I4 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


is to teach the world how to confer. Conferring is not so much a 
matter of wits as a matter of character. You say you want to think 
things out for yourselves. That is splendid, provided you have three 
things: First of all the apparatus ; and, secondly, the raw material, the 
knowledge; and, thirdly, the patience and the perseverance of a 
consecrated will. If you haven’t got those three things, it would be 
better for you to do as you are told. 

There is too much of this airing of your opinions, whierteek they 
are founded or unfounded, reasonable or unreasonable, simply get- — 
ting the idea that to have what is called an open mind, a completely 
open mind, is the proper thing. That means that you take up quite 
willingly with the latest craze and run that way, you are like a child 
tossed to and fro by every wind of doctrine and by the cunning 
craftiness of men whereby they lie in wait to deceive, and that you 
have got no ultimate taste of reality. That simply means that you 
are not fit to think out things for yourselves. And half the people 
in the world are not fit to think things out for themselves. They 
haven’t made the discipline and the preparation that are necessary 
to make a man really rational. 

I am not prepared to trust a man’s judgment on a question of 
chemistry and physics until I know something about his character. 
It is all nonsense to suppose that religion does not come into the study. 
Religion comes right into the heart of the subject, and the search 
for truth is every bit as much a matter of character as it is of brain 
ability. 

Therefore, what I plead with you to do is to find the peace of 
God, surrender to the great eternal beauty of our Lord Jesus Christ. 
That surrender which I want to make and which I have never com- 
pletely made, will not make you irrational or unreasonable; it will 
set you free from folly, from pride, from conceit, from prejudice, 
from fear of your fellows, fear of what they will say; it will set you 
free from the herd,—and there is a danger lest this vast body be 
just a herd, a herd in which thinking can’t be done because the pres- 
sure of its opinion is too terrible and too heavy. It will set you free 
from fear and from all those things that can warp and wound and 
destroy the beautiful balance of judgment, and the direct seeking of 
truth which are absolutely essential in these days. It will protect 
you from that dreadful state of mind in which we become bitter, 
bellicose pacifists, people who shake their fists in your eyes and tell 
you to love your enemies as if they were going to hit you the next 
minute if you didn’t; the kind of people who bid you love Chinese 
and hate Americans, who bid you love the worker and detest the 


BE STILL AND KNOW THAT I AM GOD 15 


millionaire, who go in for a revolution, which means that they go 
clean ’round to the same place they started from, and call it by a 
different name, and start all over again; that kind of thing which 
continually shirks the cross of real thought, shirks the cross of real 
effort, and substitutes ranting and raving and fighting and appeal to 
the bellicose emotions for the real hard cross of thinking and sacri- 
ficial action. 

It is from futility and folly that the worship of the light that 
never was on land or sea, the light that shone in Jesus, will deliver 
you. There is nothing contradictory between rationality and religion. 
Religion is the essential condition of the highest form of free 
thought; freely moving, freely surveying thought must be based upon 
a surrender to the highest moral values, and that means surrender 
to the highest personality that we know, and that means surrender 
to Jesus Christ. 

So I bid you, so far as in you lie, “Be still and know that I am 
God”—and that “I”? means no other than He who was crucified and 
rose again—make it not a thing of emotion that you catch now, 
make it the attitude of mind with which you go into every confer- 
ence. Don’t say, “We will get the prayers over and then we will 
get down to business,” and the business will be only busyness and 
chatter and talk and the airing of clever people’s opinions. Make 
up your minds that the prayer before is the most important part of 
the business; it is the settling of your minds into such a condition 
that you will be a reasonable being, that you will desire to see the 
truth and to follow the truth, no matter how much it costs you and 
no matter how much it hurts, that it will be the part of the business 
that sets you free from the pride and the frivolity and the folly 
which mar and maim nine conferences out of ten. Make up your 
minds that this being’ still and knowing that Christ is God, making 
anew your surrender to the highest that you know, is not just an 
addendum to a conference, but is of the very core and heart and 
essence of its being. 

Before I read a book I pray; before I listen to a speech I pray; 
before I enter into a conversation that is important, I pray that my 
mind may be balanced, steady, clean, and clear. I don’t underrate 
the mind. I have only got a third-rate one, but the one I have got 
I was taught by my father to keep clean and clear and keen and 
balanced, and to look upon dishonesty as degradation; but it is because 
I want to preserve reason, because I want to make men rational above 
all other things, that I plead with them that they should be un- 


16 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


ashamedly, openly, without any reserve, religious, worshippers of 
the highest and the best that they know. 

Finally it brings peace, not the kind of peace that bids a man 
fold his hands and let things be, not the kind of peace which means 
that you’re all right and the whole world can go drifting, drifting 
downwards, not the kind of peace that means your own comfort, 
but the kind of peace which must be the basis of all fruitful war 
against evil in the world. 

Unless there is peace in your heart, unless there is peace that 
passeth understanding at the depth of your being, you cannot bring 
peace to a stricken and wounded world; you cannot give away what 
you haven’t got; you cannot give away what is not in you, and before 
you can really bring healing to the wounds of the world, and peace 
to its war stripes, there must be in you that peace that passeth under- 
standing, which is the power of all effectual fighting against evil, for: 


Peace does not mean the end of all our striving; 
Joy does not mean the drying of our tears; 

Peace is the power that comes to souls arriving, 
Up to the light where God himself appears. 


Joy is the wine that God is ever pouring, 
Into the hearts of those who strive with him, 
Lighting their eyes to vision and adoring, 
Strengthening their arms to warfare, glad and grim. 


Bread of Thy body give me for my fighting, 
Give me to drink Thy sacred blood for wine, 
While there are wrongs that need me for the righting 
While there is warfare splendid and divine. 


Give me for light the sunshine of Thy sorrow, 
Give me for shelter the shadow of Thy cross, 
Give me to share the glory of tomorrow 
And gone from my heart is the bitterness of loss. 


And so may the peace of God that passeth all understanding 
keep your hearts and minds in the knowledge and the love of God and’ 
of his son, Jesus Christ our Lord. 


DEVOTIONAL PERIOD 


Henry P. Van Dusen 


President of the Students’ Association, Union Theological Seminary, 
New York 


After an address such as that to which we have just listened, I 
take it that no call to prayer is necessary, that every one of us feels 
within us the urge unitedly to seek God’s presence. The more one 
looks out upon life, and upon the world which we confront today, 
the more deeply one seems to be able to discern its meaning, the 
more does one become convinced that there will be no salvation, no 
way out for this world, no attainment of the life abundant for you 
and me, no successful issue of this conference except as there is born 
in the very cores of our hearts a consciousness of a vibrant com- 
munion with the living God. 

Many of us have come here seeking and expecting great things 
from this convention, and we shall not be disappointed. Yet as one 
looks back over centuries of Christians, it seems that the periods 
when the Life of God has vitally touched the life of man, have been 
those times and periods when groups of men and women, like our- 
selves, in twos and threes, in hundreds and in thousands, have united 
their hearts in earnest intercession. If that is the lesson of Christian 
history, one suspects that God has not changed his methods of speak- 
ing to men. 

The will of God can be revealed, the spirit of God can be pos- 
sessed, the work of God can be done, only where groups of men and 
women, praying men and women, unitedly seek him. 

Shall we, therefore, for a few minutes this afternoon turn our 
_ thoughts to the supreme purpose of this Convention and unite in 
intercession together. | 


Let us turn our hearts unto God, unto Him who is never absent 
from us, “closer than breathing, nearer than hands and feet,” His 
presence ever with us except insofar as we refuse to acknowledge His 
nearness to us. “Be still, and know that I am God.” “God is spirit, 
and they that worship Him must worship Him in spirit and in truth,” 


y 


18 ' CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


Let us pray for wisdom that in these hours of conference 
together the baffling clouds which surround us may be dispelled, and 
we may see with a clearness we have never known before what it is 
that God would have us do. ‘They shall know the truth and the 
truth shall make them free.” 

Let us pray for deep sympathy and understanding with men and 
women of all races, all nations, all creeds, remembering that “there 
is neither Greek nor Jew, bond nor free, male nor female, but all 
are one in Christ Jesus,” with one another and with different points 
of view, recalling that where the spirit of Christ truly is there is unity. 

And then, let us pray for power that through the weakness, 
impotency and baseness of our human lives the infinite resources of 
the living God may flow. “I can do all things in Him that strengthen- 
eth me.” 

Let us pray for courage, that God may find us ready to live up 
to the leading of His Spirit and the revelation of His will which we 
see in these days together, send us where it may, cost what it may. 
“No man having put his hand to the plow, and looking back is fit 
for the kingdom of God.” 

And then let us pray, each one, for purity of heart, that purity 
without which there is no wisdom, there is no power, there is no 
courage; purity of personal life first of all, purity of motive, purity 
of unconditioned surrender of ourselves for the life of others. 
“Blessed are the pure in heart for they shall see God.” 

And then, most of all, let us pray that in these hours together 
there may be held constantly before us the vision of Jesus Christ, 
in whose presence there can be no impurity, no selfishness, no jealousy, 
no cowardliness, that our weakness may be caught up in His strength, 
that our pettiness may be purified by His love, and that our wills 
may be indissolubly united with His for the inbringing of His King- 
dom here on earth. 

Oh, thou eternal God, our Father, who through all the centuries 
hast been calling men one by one to serve Thee, who dost encompass 
our lives with a love and a watchfulness which are never weary, all 
that is fine and noble within us cries out to Thee for a great pouring 
of Thy spirit upon this Convention. 

Thou who knowest us better than we know ourselves, who 
seest and hearest not only our spoken petitions, but those silent 
aspirations of our hearts, known alone to Thee and to us, to whom 
every thought is a prayer, every desire an intercession, .grant that 
in our days here together we may see those things which are essential 
and fundamental and vital to our life with Thee. 


INTERCESSION 19 


Thou speakest to men in many ways, Thou touchest our hearts 
in diverse manners. Grant, our Father, that as the hours and days 
pass, every one of us may be drawn by bonds which we little under- 
stand, but in which we tremendously believe, to be close to thine own 
life, that Thou mayest become real to us, our Father, our Savior, 
our God. 

We face a world which we recognize in desperate need, need 
of leadership which can save, need of men who can lead, men and 
women such as we are not now and such as we, save by Thy strength, 
cannot become. 

O grant, our Father, that our hearts may be so purified, our 
lives so wholly given to Thee that we may go forth from here as men 
and women who have met face to face with God and who because 
they carry the imprint of Thy love and Thy power and Thy self on 
their lives, can meet and satisfy a world which in all its needs 
supremely needs Thee, and which, except it find Thee, cannot endure. 

And now, our Father, hear not only the words and thoughts 
which we have uttered together, but also those deeper, purer and 
truer aspirations in the center of the heart of every one of us, reach- 
ing out to Thee this day, and grant them not in accordance with our 
asking but in accordance with Thy infinite wisdom, through Jesus 
Christ, whom we call our Master, and our Savior. Amen. 


CLOSING PRAYER 


Rev. G. A. StuppErT KENNEDY 


O Jesus Christ, who art the light of the world, help us to be 
honest, help us to face the facts and to follow where the facts lead 
no matter how much it hurts us, no matter how big the sacrifice may 
be. Help us to follow where Thy light leads. Deliver us from fear, 
from pride, from prejudice. Give us open eyes and brave hearts. 
Keep us, O God, from shutting our ears to the sounds of the world’s 
distress, blinding our eyes to the wrong that is being done among 
men. And while Thou deliverest us from hatred, keep us from 
taking refuge in sentimental and unreal dreamings and thoughts of 
a better age which is to come, without our giving anything for it. 

O Lord Jesus, make us honest even if we are crucified for it. 


BENEDICTION 


Into God’s gracious keeping we commit you. May the Lord bless 
you and keep you. May the Lord make his face to shine on you 


20 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


and be gracious unto you, in your going out and in your coming in; 
in your lying down and in your rising up; in your labor and in your 
leisure; in your laughter and in your tears, until you come to stand 
before Him in the day to which there is no sunset and no dawn. 
Amen. 


ADDRESSES ON THE CHRISTIAN 
FAITH 


WHAT DO WE BELIEVE ABOUT GOD? 


CaNon Epwarp S. Woops 


Rector, Holy Trinity Church, Cambridge, England, and formerly Chairman of 
the British Student Movement 


May I take this opportunity straightaway of conveying to you 
cordial and fraternal greetings from the British Student Movement, 
of which I have the honor to be a member? ‘There has been for 
many years a rich contact between your Movement and ours and I 
shall endeavor to carry back to our Movement something of the 
teaching and inspiration that I am finding at this great gathering. 

I may be permitted to add that this is my first visit to your 
great country. I set foot in this land for the first time only six days 
ago, and I should like to say that I have come here to learn as well 
as to teach, to receive as well as to give, and I know as I make the 
attempt to handle these great themes each morning, that you will 
extend to me the forbearance of your friendliness and courtesy. 

I have been asked to handle four topics, “What do we believe 
about God; about sin and forgiveness; about the Kingdom of God; 
and about the sources of Power?” 

The first of those we will take up this morning, “What do we be- 
lieve about God?” I can imagine a cynical observer saying to us, 
“Well, it doesn’t very much matter what you do believe about God. 
What you need to do is to get on with your job.” 

Now I should reply to this that most of the muddled doing in 
this chaotic world of ours today is due to muddled thinking, and 
the most practical thing that a man can do is to get his thinking 
straightened out, and especially his thinking about God. 

21 


22 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


All action is governed by the thought behind it. History is the 
finished product of ideas. I think it will not be a waste of time, if 
at this gathering, and in the discussion groups, we do make some 
pretty definite attempt to clear up our thinking about God. The most 
powerful ideas that move men are their deep instinctive ideas about 
man, the universe and God Himself, and it does vitally matter that 
our thoughts about God should be right thoughts. Many of the © 
mistakes and tragedies of Christian history have been due to think- 
ing about God which has been imperfectly Christianized. Only a 
week or so ago I happened to be standing again at a certain spot in 
the famous Smithfield Square in London, the very spot where the 
martyrs were burnt in the sixteenth century. It came home to me 
then again, as it has come home to me before, ‘“What were these men 
doing?” They thought they were doing right. They thought they 
were doing God’s service in burning those victims. The tragedy was 
that they had got hold of a wrong idea of God. 

There are people in religion still who fall into the error which 
is perpetually cropping up in all institutional religion,—the error of 
ore their religion instead of God. “Beware,” said some one 
once, “of worshiping your pan little pet infinite, which is sublime to 
you chiefly because it is yours.” 

If we can do nothing else at this conference, it will be inetd 
worth while, if, through coming here, we can get our thought of 
God brought closer to the teaching and the standards which have 
been set us by Jesus Christ. As that great teacher, Dr. Glover, has 
insisted, there is no task more necessary for Christians of today than 
to think of God in terms of Jesus Christ, and I should like in this 
connection to endorse emphatically everything that was said on this 
platform yesterday by my old friend, Studdert Kennedy, about the 
need of bringing your religion and your thinking into the closest 
possible connection. 

The main theme that I want to put before you this morning is 
simply this: that any revealing of God which is adequate must be 
made in a personal way, and that there has in fact been such a per- 
sonal revealing of Him in and through Jesus Christ. 

This claim, to know God in Christ, is the claim of all normal 
Christian experience; and it is from the side of Christian experience 
that we shall do well, I suggest, to begin our investigations. What- 
ever interpretations of the fact you may prefer, there is no denying 
the fact itself that, ever since Jesus was on this earth of ours, men 
and women in every generation, vast numbers of them, have claimed 
that through Him they have found themselves in vital contact with 


WHAT DO WE BELIEVE ABOUT GOD 23 


God Himself, with transfiguring results for life and character, as well 
as for events and circumstances. That experience dates from a 
certain Spring morning somewhere about the year a.p. 29, when a 
little group of men and women found that the master and friend 
they so dearly loved was not, after all, dead, but was in fact alive. 
From that hour they were completely transformed, and proceeded 
to impress their transforming experience on the world in which they 
lived. Indeed it is not too much to say that from that hour, history 
itself took a new turn. The happy friendship which these men had 
enjoyed with Jesus on the hillsides and in the villages of Galilee, was 
for them now carried over into the region of the unseen and the 
eternal; their friendship with Him became, in a way they hardly 
could define or interpret, identical with their experience of God 
Himself. In Christ they found that God was good, that God was 
love, that God was available; that this world was His world, not the 
devil’s; and that He was only waiting for human faith and coopera- 
tion to execute His purpose of a complete, satisfying, universal 
redemption. And in the strength of this conviction this little band 
of ardent souls proceeded to turn the world upside down. 

From that time to this, there have been multitudes of men and 
women, in every generation and every country, who claim to have 
entered into some such experience of God. In every town, in every 
college, you can find people who are perfectly certain that apart from 
Jesus and all He has brought them of God, their life would be just 
a disastrous moral failure. In every profession you can find men 
with a fine and lofty conception of human life and human work, 
and they will tell you unhesitatingly, that it is from God they have 
got this sense of vision and purpose. And, again and again, there 
are lives where the relentless pressure of suffering, mental and physi- 
cal, would drive to hopelessness, pessimism and despair, were it not 
for the sense of the Great Companion standing by to share the ter- 
rible burden. I came across a touching and significant incident re- 
cently in the life of the great pioneer missionary to the New Hebrides, 
J. G. Paton. He landed on one of the islands on November 5, 1858, 
with his young wife. Some months later a son was born. In two 
days, from fever and ague, the wife was dead; a month later, the 
babe died too. “Stunned by that dreadful loss,” he records in his 
journal, “my reason seemed for a time almost to give way. . . . But 
I was never altogether forsaken. . . . But for Jesus, and the fellow- 
ship he vouchsafed me there, I must have gone mad and died beside 
that lonely grave.” 

Such testimony might be multiplied a thousand-fold. Christian- 


24 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


ity, past and present, teems with data of this kind, and the solid 
reality of the beneficent and life-giving results of Christian experi- 
ence few will be found to deny. The point where the modern chal- 
lenge is directed is the nature of the experience itself. Is that expe- 
rience ultimately objective or subjective? Is the object of the experi- 
ence really God revealed in Christ, as Christianity alleges, or is the 
explanation to be sought, as some of the psychologists are arguing, 
along the lines of mob-suggestion and auto-suggestion? To attempt 
to indicate at all fully the answer to these questions would demand 
a whole lecture, or series of lectures, on the relation of Christian 
experience to modern psychology; and for that there is not the time, 
even if I had the equipment. I would only make one comment before 
passing on; namely, that it is highly unscientific, in fact very foolish, 
to brush aside all alleged Christian experience as having no evidential 
value. Science’s own method represents a combination of authority 
and experiment. No scientist in his senses would dream of ignoring 
the accumulated knowledge which he finds already in existence. In 
every department of human thought and life, the authority of the 
expert has its due place. In religion as in science there are masters, 
who attain a higher knowledge than is attainable by ordinary folk, 
and to dismiss their discoveries as illusions is mere folly. I should 
like to quote here a timely protest in this matter made by the writer 
of a recent valuable book, “Js Christian Experience an IlIlusion?” 
“Those who disallow from the start the experience of Christian saints 
and mystics, who are our masters in the realm of religion, are not 
acting in conformity with scientific principles as they sometimes 
imagine they are. ‘They are doing exactly the opposite and falling 
into that a priori dogmatism which is the negation of scientific 
methods. The religious expert may be wrong; we may all be wrong. 
Our knowledge may be a tissue of falsehood and our learned men 
deluded triflers with a world radically irreducible to reason. But 
that is improbable. We are willing to take the slight risk involved 
in any affirmation of truth. And nine-tenths of our true statements 
are based on authority, the authority of the experts in the several 
branches of human knowledge. Whether or not we are able to test 
their statements for ourselves, the only reasonable attitude is to be 
willing to believe that there is a settled body of truth which we can 
accept.” 

“Trust a man in his own art,’ says the old Latin proverb. Why 
should it be so in science and art and not be so in the field of 
religious experience? Is it reasonable to think that just in that very 
department which makes them great, just where they have risen 


WHAT DO WE BELIEVE ABOUT GOD 25 


above their fellows and attained their fame, religious geniuses are 
nothing but deluded simpletons? Baron von Hugel says very perti- 
nently, ‘It is impossible to see why Plato, Aristotle, Leibnitz and 
Kant, and why again Phidias and Michael Angelo, Raphael and 
Rembrandt, Bach and Beethoven, Homer and Shakespeare, are to 
be held in deepest gratitude, as revealers respectively of various kinds 
of reality and truth, if Amos and Isaiah, Paul, Augustine and 
Aquinas, Francis of Assisi and Joan of Arc are to be treated as pure 
illusionists, in precisely what constitutes their specific greatness.’ ” 

Having made that proviso about the reality of Christian experi- 
ence, I want to go on at once to trace this experience back to its 
original source in the Jesus of history, for the very good reason that 
the content of the Christian belief in God is, ultimately, determined 
by certain events that took place on the plane of history, somewhere 
between the years B. c. 4 and a.p. 29. The question which is the topic 
of this lecture—What do we believe about God—is, for me at any 
rate and surely for most of us, quite unanswerable apart from Jesus 
Christ. In saying this I do not mean to suggest that you can com- 
pletely isolate the historic fact of Christ from all that went before 
and all that has followed since. You cannot adequately estimate the 
significance of that short span of years of Jesus’ life in Palestine, 
without all the time taking into account what He has meant, and goes 
on meaning, to uncounted multitudes since. The final significance 
of the revelation of God in Christ must be looked for in the whole 
of what it has meant in human history. Hence the immense impor- 
tance of investigating the nature and results of Christian experience. 
But, as I have already said, it is equally important to examine very 
closely the original historical occurrences without which there would 
have been no Christian experience to investigate. 

It may be well, first, to say a word about the documents in which 
these original occurrences are recorded. 

The Christian position involves an affirmation of facts and an 
interpretation of the facts. We are not at the moment concerned 
with interpretations but with the facts themselves. These facts are 
contained in various documents. Are the documents reliable? Was 
Jesus an actual historical fact, the sort of person He is described as 
being in the documents? Did the recorder invent him or did he 
give rise to the records? Most historians have no doubt as to the 
answer. 

I say to you unhesitatingly that the main trend of a critical and 
historical investigation of the last fifty years has been unquestionably 
to establish the trustworthiness of the records in their main layout. 


26 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


No doubt there is plenty of critical work still to be done. The exact 
relation to one another of the documents that are thought to underlie 
the first three Gospels are not yet settled conclusively. There are 
some details that are uncertain, there are gaps in the story; the 
accounts are in some ways meager and unsatisfactory; they fail to 
tell us a great many things that we would like to know. On the 
other hand, they do succeed in conveying to us a vivid conception of 
the personality of Jesus, and a sufficiently trustworthy record of what 
he was and did. There is even good non-Christian documentary 
evidence, especially Tacitus, for Jesus as the founder of Christianity 
and for His execution. 

The evidence for further details about Him in the Gospels them- 
selves and in the Pauline documents is now generally admitted to 
have a very high degree of value. In the last resort, in considering 
this question of the written record, one is always thrust back on the 
old dilemma, either ignorant or unlearned men have accomplished a 
literary miracle or the gospel story is substantially true. 

As we contemplate that figure, with whom the documents bring 
us face to face, we are conscious that He is unique. He exhibits a 
moral wholeness, a moral beauty, that is new in human history. He 
is evidently a real man, mixing with men in easy, sympathetic, un- 
embarrassed fashion. At the same time He gives the impression of 
living in a harmony with God that is unclouded, continuous, all- 
embracing. He seems to have access to limitless divine resources, 
and he employs them without stint to help and serve his fellow men. 
I am not at this moment attempting to interpret His unique person- 
ality; I only want, just now, to note the fact that His friends when 
they considered Him said to themselves, “This is what God is like” — 
a conviction that deepened as time went on. They reflected further 
that this is no accidental resemblance but constituted an intentional, 
deliberate, self-revealing on God’s part. “God is in Christ, reconciling 
the world unto Himself.” 

What then is the main content of this self-revealing of God in 
Jesus? What are the features in the character of God that you can 
deduce from the examination of this portrait? I will try to indicate’ 
some of them in rough outline. Think first of Jesus among men, 
rejoicing in their company, really interested in their concerns, mixing 
on ordinary, equal terms with the very ordinary men and women 
whom He met in the days of His ministry. What may we infer about 
God from this side of Jesus’ life? We may surely infer, if our 
hypothesis is correct, that God is personal and personally interested 
in all the details of human living. “Are not five sparrows sold for a 


WHAT DO WE BELIEVE ABOUT GOD 27 


farthing and not one of them falls to the ground without your 
Father ?” 

God is not afar off, a sort of dim and distant potentate behind 
the heavens, but quite near and really concerned with all that makes 
up the sum of human life. As Augustine says, “God did not make 
the world and then go away. In all that life holds of goodness, of 
truth, and of beauty—God is there.” 

Look again at Jesus among men not merely as a passive sharer 
of their life, but with them to help, stretching out His hands to heal 
and bless, giving Himself in utter friendliness, indomitable kindness 
to all who seek Him. All the time He is up against the evil in the 
world; He has to battle with the darkness of men’s hearts and minds. 
But gently, patiently, quietly He sets out to win them in the only way, 
the way of love. And this way leads at last, as it must inevitably 
lead, to the cross where love and sin met in the final grip. God, He 
urges, is likewise generosity and love and utter kindliness. “He 
maketh His sun to rise on the just and on the unjust. He giveth 
rain to good and bad men alike.’ His purpose for this world is one 
of love, and has nothing whatever to do with force. 

Now look again at Jesus’ life, and note that this love of His is 
not just a general amiability toward men in the mass. He cared 
deeply for men and women as individual personalities. He had a 
genius for friendship. He spent time and thought over His friend- 
ship with men like Peter, like Zacchaeus, yes, with men like Judas. 
That, He insists, is God’s own attitude towards human personalities. 
God, he says in effect, is father and wants to enter into a personal 
filial relationship with all His children. Read again some time today 
the matchless story of the prodigal son and you will find there in a 
few words the very essence of Jesus’ thought about God. “He ran 
and fell on his neck and kissed him. . . . Son, thou art ever with 
me and all that I have is thine. . . . There is joy in the presence of 
God over one sinner that repenteth.” 

Once more, think of the new conception of goodness which Jesus 
brought to men. It stood out in sharp contrast to the conception 
held by many of His religious contemporaries. You can read in the 
“Mishnah,” for instance, that if a tailor carried his needle on the 
Sabbath, he was doing an act which invited religious condemnation, 
But if he repaired to the temple and selected and paid for an appro- 
priate animal and had his sacrifice, then all was well. 

Jesus says that God has nothing to do with that kind of thing. 
God demands of men a real goodness, a goodness that corresponds 
to His own. You constantly find this gap between men’s thought of 


28 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


righteousness and God’s demand for a sheer reality of goodness. 
“Forgiving love and unselfish service,” Jesus says in His Sermon on 
the Mount—I quote from a paraphrase by G. R. H. Shafto, “that is 
how God acts towards men and that is how men must act towards 
each other. . . . You are to be God’s children to all the world; your 
goodness is to be of your heavenly father’s quality and stamp.” 

What I have tried to do thus far has been to look at the human 
life of Jesus of Nazareth, and draw certain inferences and deductions 
about the character of God from that life, believing that the only 
satisfactory line of investigation for all of us lies along the line of 
the answer which Jesus once made to one of His disciples when He 
was speaking with him, “He that hath seen me hath seen the Father.” 

We pass on now in the concluding part of this address to face 
a question which must be squarely faced: Who was this Man who 
has changed the whole course of the world’s thought of God? 

I noticed a sentence in a leader in the Indianapolis News last 
night quoting a remark which was made at the conference which I 
understand just preceded this, “It is much easier to talk about the 
deity of Jesus than about the child labor law.” 

Well, there is a sense in which that is true, and as a clergyman 
of the Church of England I should be quite willing to admit that 
very often in the history of religion, the organized church has been 
too much concerned with Christian doctrine and too little concerned 
with Christian ethics. Nevertheless, I venture to think that behind 
this quotation there does lurk what the grammarians call a false 
antithesis. For I submit it has been abundantly shown in history 
and in present experience, that those men and women who are most 
profoundly concerned about the welfare not only of children but of 
all their brother men and women in the world, are precisely those 
who are impelled to it by the motive of loyalty to the living Christ. 
And I venture to think that that means ultimately we cannot sever 
questions of ethics from questions of creed. 

Now, there is no doubt at all that as a historic fact those men 
who first kept company with Jesus, when they tried to shape out in 
their minds what he meant to them, could not do it without using ’ 
the word “God.” He had, for them, the “value” of God. Their 
thought of Him and their thought of God converged, coalesced. 
They found their friendship with Jesus carried over after the Resur- 
rection, into the region of the invisible and the eternal, into the realm 
of faith. The earliest document of the New Testament (1: Thessa- 
lonians) brackets Christ with God quite explicitly. If, therefore, you 
were to ask me straightly and simply, “Do you believe that Jesus 


WHAT DO WE BELIEVE ABOUT GOD 29 


Christ was God?” for me the answer is in the affirmative. I am as 
certain as I can be of anything that Jesus Christ is actually alive and 
is standing in this hall this morning, and that we can talk to Him. 
If I did not believe that I should not be here, and I should have abso-. 
lutely no Gospel for you or for anybody else. 

If you go on to say, “Well, how and in what sense do you think 
this?” I think I should reply in some way like this. I should be 
careful, first of all, to lay great stress on the humanity of Jesus. 
In my own judgment, one of the greatest achievements of Christian 
thinking during the last fifty years has been to recover the reality of 
the humanity of Jesus of Nazareth. He was a real man, not just 
disguised as a man, not wearing a kind of artificial, temporary, human 
dress, but a real, strong, vigorous, virile man. 

I must say that one of the things I am enjoying here as a new- 
comer to your land is your talk and your vocabulary. I was 
talking about a mutual friend with the Chairman yesterday, a 
man we both respect very much. He was up at Cambridge with me, 
and he got “blue” for football. My friend described him to me as 
“a two-fisted he-man.” I like that description. I am making note 
of it for further use when I get back to my own country. We do 
not have quite such an enlightened vocabulary. 

I mention it to show something of what I mean by this emphasis 
on the humanity of Jesus. The thing has been obscured. If you 
had met Him on the road, He would have struck you as just an ordi- 
nary healthy person, wearing the same kind of clothes as any other 
man, and not looking in the least like a figure in a stained-glass win- 
dow. I know of few more unattractive things than what you may 
call “official religiousness,” alien from the attractiveness, the human- 
ity of Jesus. 

It reminds me of a story I heard of a man,—this was in our 
land,—who went to preach a sermon at a distant place and had to 
travel by train. He had never been there before, and his host, who 
was to entertain him, came to meet him at the station. He somehow 
missed him so he went up and accosted a stranger. He said to the 
stranger, “Excuse me, sir, but are you a clergyman?” The man 
looked at him sadly and said, “Oh, no, I am not a clergyman; it is 
my indigestion that makes me look like this.” 

I tell you that story because I do want you to see very fully 
how really human Jesus was and is. I have no shade of doubt in 
my own mind that many a time as He sat on the hillside with His 
friends, He enjoyed a good laugh with them. | 

But perhaps the thought occurs to you: “If you press His 


30 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


humanity like this, does that not make what is called His divinity 
recede ?” 

I venture to think not. It seems to me a great mistake to regard 
Him as a kind of mixture, a hybrid, half man and half God, doing 
some things as a man, other things as God. We cannot conceive of 
a sane human being with two wills or two quite different centers of — 
consciousness. Surely, the fundamental mistake here is to assume, 
as is often assumed, that God and man are opposites, and that the 
more Jesus is man the less He is God. That, I believe, is where our 
thinking has often tended to go wrong. God is inconceivably greater 
than we, but He is not the opposite. We are made in His image and 
our highest thought of God necessarily fashions itself in terms of 
the highest we know in man. May it not be that the “Godhead” of 
Jesus is to be looked for in and not apart from His absolutely perfect 
humanity. In Jesus Christ, in fact, you have a revelation—to use a 
definition suggested by Dr. Moberley—not of “God and man” but of 
“God as man.” 

All I would say before I sit down is this: Don’t think of all this 
matter in purely intellectual terms. The greatest discovery that any 
man can ever make is the discovery that God is what Jesus has 
asserted Him to be. Jesus Himself said that this was an epoch- 
making thing for any man. It is like finding the pearl of great 
price; and there are many, I am sure, in this vast audience today 
who know with me that the one vital thing, the one thing worth 
while, is to launch out, to take the risk, to try with every faculty that 
God has given you, to find out who and what God is. 

If you reach Jesus’ conclusion, happy will you be. As one has 
put it beautifully, “thereafter one goes about the world like one who 
was lonely and has found a lover, like one who was perplexed and 
has found a solution.” 


WHAT DO WE BELIEVE ABOUT SIN: AND 
FORGIVENESS? 


Canon Epwarp S. Woops 


I don’t think it is necessary for me to try to paint a picture of 
sin for you. I will only ask you to use your imagination and do just 
two things. Think first of the glorious manhood, the true humanity 
of Jesus Christ. Recall the kind of man that He was; think of the 
impression that He made upon His disciples; consider the standard 


SIN AND FORGIVENESS 31 


of goodness that He shows; and then reflect upon the fact that He 
says, “This is the true life for every man to live.” There is the 
standard ; there is the ideal. 

Now think of the other side—think for the nonce of all that 
lies behind what you have been hearing from this platform the last 
two days. Consider, for example, what really lay behind that moving 
address of Sherwood Eddy’s yesterday afternoon, with its passionate 
indictment of our civilization for its materialism, its autocracy and 
its militarism. What is the cause of all this evil? You and I know 
perfectly well. This thing does not stand outside of us. We cannot 
look on at it as a spectator. It is futile for you and me to sit down 
in this great convention and try to look at these things in any really 
detached way as if they were problems apart from us. They are not 
problems apart from us. We are the social problem. We are the 
international problem. We are the racial problem. These problems 
exist simply because the millions of men and women, just ordinary 
men and women like ourselves, prefer the way of selfishness to the 
way of God. There are, of course, the two sides in every one of us. 
There is that which links us to the stars. Why, again and again you 
can see it in your brother man. I saw it times without number during 
the war, when I had the honor of being an army chaplain in our 
forces all through those years. But there is also that in us which 
pulls us down to the devil. You can see manifestations of that side 
of us at any place, and in any moment in the streets or houses of 
our great cities; but the nearest view you can get of it is in your 
own heart. 

Now I think it should be made plain that we have the power 
to choose between these two tendencies. I do not propose now to 
embark on any theoretical discussion of the problem of free will. 
As some great philosopher once put it—I forget who he was—“All 
theory is against it (free will), but all experience is in its favor.” 
However men may argue about it, most of them do at bottom believe 
that their choice is a free choice, or at least has in it a very large 
element of freedom. You might press this still further back and 
ask, “Why do men so often choose wrong? Where does this flaw 
in them come from? Why does God let us mar and ruin and waste 
our lives and the lives of others? Is He in any sense responsible 
for this flaw in man which for large sections of humanity produces 
a hell on earth?” To such questions I would answer unhesitatingly 
that God is not directly responsible for the awful mass of suffering 
and evil in the world as we know it. He made a world of free men 
and he took the risk that such creation might involve; the abuse of 


32 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


freedom and the mess and chaos in the world of today is man’s doing 
and not God’s. 

We have gone seriously astray, it seems to me, with our con- 
ceptions of almightiness, and too often we have allowed ourselves 
to think of God as an arbitrary tyrant, sitting on His throne armed 
with pestilence and disease, war and sudden death, to vindicate His. 
majesty and punish sinners. I hope we are gradually beginning to 
learn that God knows no omnipotence but the omnipotence of love, 
an omnipotence—to quote a phrase of Bishop Neville Talbot—that 
does not mean the power to do anything, anywhere, at any time, but 
an omnipotence that does mean the power to do whatever love can do. 

I would go on to say—and that brings me to the climax of what 
I want to put before you this morning for your thinking out—that 
the final divine answer to all the sufferings and sin in the world is 
to be found at the Cross of Jesus Christ. 

I dare say some of you have read that very widely known and 
much discussed novel by A. S. M. Hutchinson, “Jf Winter Comes.” 
Do you remember the trial scene at the end of that novel, when Mark 
Sabre stands, a beaten man, with everybody and everything arrayed 
against him, and then suddenly, dramatically, the woman who loves 
him, the woman of rank and fashion, with everything to lose and 
nothing to gain, takes her stand by the man she loves?’ The Cross, 
as I understand it, means God coming right down into the arena of 
this world, to make us see once and for all that He is not standing 
aside, either as a kind of benevolent but helpless spectator, or as a 
remorseless judge waiting to execute a sentence. His attitude is that 
of the father who should go and take his stand by his son in the dock 
and then go with him to share his prison cell. The New Testament 
tells of a God who comes to the rescue, and the central act of God’s 
redemptive intervention in this world of ours took place on that 
green hill outside a city wall. 

I would remind you again that I am not dealing with theory. 
The Cross is one of the best attested facts of history. It is an unques- 
tionable and astounding fact that that group of men who succeeded 
in turning the world upside down, did put in the very forefront of 
their preaching and their message this fact of a criminal crucified— 
foolishness indeed to the Greeks and a stumbling block to the Jews— 
but the very heart and the soul of the tidings that they came to bring. 

Why did they? Because unless Christianity is meaningless, the 
Cross does signify the assertion, in time on the plane of history, of 
the eternal nature of the very love of God. Let me try to illustrate. 
Some of the most remarkable moments that I think I have lived in, 


SIN AND FORGIVENESS 33 


have been the two-minute periods of silence on Armistice Day, which 
in England we observe very universally and very carefully. At the 
first armistice anniversary I happened to be in Whitehall in London, 
at that central spot in the heart of the Empire, and I stood there in 
a great gathering of many thousands of people. I think the deep 
corporate consciousness, the sense of awe, of common memory and 
common aspiration in that two-minute silence is one of the most 
remarkable experiences I have ever shared. There seemed to be a 
summing up, a focussing of a whole world of thought, and regret, 
and longing, and hope, and aspiration, nation-wide, empire-wide in 
its scope. 

I sometimes think it is something like that you find in the Incar- 
nation. There, in Jesus—living, crucified and living again—is the 
expression, the summing up, the focussing, at one place, at a certain 
moment in history, of that which God eternally is. 

It is this sort of objectiveness in Christianity which constitutes 
its supreme value to the human race. At the Cross you see God in 
action. Here in Jesus is the one completely good man the world has 
ever known. What did men do with Him? They crucified Him. 
Here in this act of those men is the pent-up sin of the world con- 
verging on Jesus, bearing down upon God revealed in Jesus. And 
what does God do about it? His only response, His only retaliation, 
is to bear it all, to reveal a love which will endure anything, which 
will go all lengths of suffering, go down and seek the heart of 
iniquity in its very lair. That is God’s answer to the sin and suffer- 
ing of the world. 

Now that is not all the story. I want you to see that it is useless 
for you or me to contemplate this business of the Cross and the love 
of God without the use of personal pronouns. It is never done in 
the New Testament without personal pronouns—“Who loved us and 
gave Himself for us.” What does love really mean? What does 
forgiveness mean? Forgiveness cannot mean less than the restoration 
of a broken relationship. 

I remember hearing of a man in England who had a son whom 
he loved very much indeed. The son was grown up; he was living 
at home with his father. The father had no cause to suspect that 
anything was going wrong, though now and again he had some mis- 
giving, until one night to his amazement and horror, the son came 
home very late, blind drunk. It was the beginning of a career of 
vice and wretchedness, and it nearly broke the father’s heart. What 
was the father to do? To stop loving was inconceivable. He was 
utterly ready to forgive all the time, but a man’s willingness to for- 


34 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


give goes into thin air unless the wrong-doer is forgivable; the only 
forgiveness worth talking about is that father and son shall come 
together again in an affectionate and sacred intimacy, that is new, 
and that carries with it a healing power. 

If you ask how far the love of God is to go in searching for 
his straying children, Christ’s Cross is the answer. Jesus went all 
lengths, and it seems that God is ready to go all lengths. And there 
is no other way in which the broken relationship may be restored. 
I don’t think that there is any other power on earth which will turn 
a man away from his sin and bring him back to truth and goodness, 
unless and until he can see the love of God and feel the love of God 
beating against the door of his heart. There are millions of men and 
women who know that to be true, who have found it out. If you 
raise the question about the past, it is, of course, true that history 
cannot be unwritten; that what is done cannot be undone. But it is 
also true that God wants the wrongdoer back into fellowship, and 
will go all lengths to bring him back. Moreover, and this is vital, 
the past is stripped of its power to paralyze the present. When and 
if you are forgiven, the sting of sin is taken away, and you do find 
at work in your own heart and life an uplifting, redemptive, regen- 
erative power, which is greater than anything you could have con- 
ceived of. You find that He, the Christ, sets you on your feet again; 
He trusts you; He believes in you, and when you know that He is 
treating you like that, then you respond; you cannot help it. 

Forgiveness is not a goal but a threshold. There can be no man 
or woman of us, who was not deeply moved yesterday afternoon by 
those appeals which came to us from Sherwood Eddy and Robert 
Speer. I cannot conceive that any man or woman of you is at 
bottom unwilling to respond. I believe you want to do the very best 
with the one life which God has given you. As Eddy put it, the ball 
is passed to you, now, in your generation. What if you would move 
but can’t? What if you long to respond but find a weight around 
your neck and shackles of evil habits around your feet which you 
have never broken? Come and make your own this amazing gift 
of God’s forgiveness, and you shall go forth a free man or a free 
woman to do His will and respond to His call. 


WHAT DO WE BELIEVE ABOUT THE KINGDOM 
OF GOD? 


Canon Epwarp S. Woops 


When at about thirty years of age Jesus emerged from the seclu- 
sion of life in the carpenter’s shop in the little village of Nazareth, 
He went out to the world of that day with His message. The burden 
of His message was the arrival of the Kingdom of God. That which 
set men’s hearts alight was His proclamation of the fact that the 
Kingdom of God was actually arriving; as Mark has recorded it of 
His first preaching, “The time has come, the Kingdom is near, repent. 
ye and believe the gospel.” 

What exactly did he mean for them and for us by that proclama- 
tion of the Kingdom of God? To see something of that meaning is 
the task that I address myself to this morning along with you. I 
think it might be said truthfully that there were two great main sides 
to what He came to tell men. He wanted to make them understand, 
first of all, what God is like, what He is, what His plan is for the 
world, and then He also tried to make men see what man really is in 
his true nature, and what he can become, and the kind of life he is 
called to live. We spent the first two mornings over the first of these 
two aspects of Christ’s message of the Kingdom of God, and to-day 
we take up the second. 

In proclaiming the Kingdom Jesus says this in effect: “This 
new ideal life for man is available and may be lived here and now, 
may be realized by humanity, and there is nothing to prevent it, except 
the obstacles that are in humanity itself.” The Kingdom of God is 
this realized realm of good, this order of things in which men on the 
large scale can live by God’s law of love, and at the same time can 
find all God’s resources available for living that life, and for defeat- 
ing evil within and without. 

Now I want you first to consider something of what is practically 
involved in the way of living demanded by membership in God’s 
Kingdom. The first point I would draw your attention to in this con- 
nection is a simple one, but one that is perpetually overlooked. It is 
that God and the Christ way of life are concerned with the whole 
and not just with a part of human living. It seems to me that much 

35 


36 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


of the religion of our day suffers from what can only be described as 
the curse of a kind of departmentalism. We make a little compart- 
ment in life, like those compartments we have in our English railway 
carriages, and into that compartment we dump the things which we 
are pleased to think belong to religion—churches and meetings and 
sermons, pious books and pious people and the whole paraphernalia 
of piety, and then outside that fence we carry on the real business 
of life. That is all wrong. It is not what Christ intended. Jesus 
insists that God is concerned with everything in human life, and that 
the principles which He enumerates are applicable to the whole range 
of human activity. 

He goes on to say that there is one great law by which men are 
called to live, and that is the law of love. Now, at this point I want 
to take what little time I can get in this segment of this lecture to get 
you right back to Jesus Himself and His own words. I have a feeling 
that we don’t take Him seriously. Listen to this, from a paraphrase 
of the Sermon on the Mount.* Listen to it as if it were something 
new, as if you were ascertaining for the first time the kind of life 
which Jesus wants you to live. “You all know another command- 
ment. Thou shalt love thy neighbor as thyself. The scribes infer 
that this means you are to hate all foreigners. I tell you to love 
those whom you have learned to think of as your enemies, and if they 
ill-use you, pray for them. Then you will really be like God, your . 
Father, who cares for all men, no matter how badly they treat Him. 
He gives sunshine to bad and good men alike. He sends rain for 
all, for those who do right and for those who do wrong as well. 
Forgiving love and unselfish service—that is how God acts towards 
men, and that is how men must act towards each other. Suppose you 
do love those who love you in return, there is nothing very meritorious 
about that. People who make no profession of religion do as much. 
If you are on friendly terms only with people of your own set, that 
is merely ordinary good nature. Heathen folk do as much as that. 
You are to be God’s children to all the world. Your goodness is to 
be of your heavenly Father’s quality and stamp.”’. 

The men of the first generation caught the meaning of that and 
they lived it; and here is an unsurpassed description in human 
language of what a life looks like, when it is lived out on that principle. 
I refer to St. Paul’s matchless hymn of love in first Corinthians, the 
thirteenth chapter. I give it you in a paraphrase done by a friend 
of mine, Mr. F. R. Barry. 





*G. R. H. Shafto, “In the School of Jesus.” 


THE KINGDOM OF GOD 37 


“Tf I have all the gifts of a revivalist, and have not love, I am 
merely a braying trumpet or the clapper of a bell. Though I am a 
preacher and know all God’s secrets, and all the theology there is, 
and though I believe in God so much that I can remove mountains, 
but have not love, I do not count. Though I spend all my income on 
philanthropy, though I am ready even for the stake, but have not love, 
there is nothing in it. Love does not take offense. Love is always 
trying to do good turns to others. Love is not jealous, does not 
swagger, does not stand on its dignity, always behaves like a gentle- 
man, never plays for its own hand, does not get peevish, sees the 
best in others, always champions the underdog, is glad when other 
people find the truth, never loses courage, never loses faith, never 
loses hope, always sees it through to the end.” 

Did you ever hear the story of the Korean Christian and the 
“Sermon on the Mount’? I should like to find out from my friend 
here if he has heard that. I believe it is absolutely true. A Korean 
Christian came into a missionary’s study one day, and said that he 
had succeeded in learning all of the “Sermon on the Mount” by heart, 
and he could recite it, and so he stood up and recited it. When he 
had finished the missionary thought he ought to say something ap- 
propriate and so he said, “Well, my good man, this is very nice. I 
am delighted to hear it, but of course the point is, it is not enough 
if you just say it, you must practice it.” 

“Oh,” said the man, “that is how I learnt it.” 

The missionary didn’t quite catch what he meant. He asked him 
to explain. 

What he said was this: “You see, sir, I am just a simple farmer. 
When first I tried to learn the sermon I found the words would not 
stick, and so I hit on this plan: I took one verse and I went out and 
practiced it on my neighbors until I had it. Then I took the next 
verse and did the same. And so I got the whole thing in that way.” 

I think we might well take a leaf out of the book of that Korean’s 
Christianity. I want to add this, and say it with some emphasis, that 
this kind of living in the Kingdom involves all manner of things that 
have been coming up in this great convention of ours. It involves 
the sacredness of human personality. It involves this matter of value 
—living not to get, but to give. You in your country and we in ours, 
have the gospel of success dinned into us every day. 

It is for each of us, personally and individually, to find out for 
ourselves what it means to apply to our own lives the law of Jesus 
Christ. We from this platform make what attempts we can to give 
you our own interpretation. I think I can see with some clearness 


38 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


something of what Jesus Christ wants me to do. I am not prepared 
to say what it may involve for you. You must find that out for 
yourself. What I am quite clear about is, that any one who sets out 
to be a Christian is committed to living by the law of membership 
in the Kingdom of God. The real trouble is that most of us are still 
strangers in a strange country. We have not yet really got the hang 
of the geography of the Kingdom of God. Just as I, an Englishman, 
have not yet quite got the hang of things in your country. When I 
first came here five days ago, the first night, before I went to bed, 
in my innocent English heart and in the belief that I was following 
a civilized plan, I put my shoes outside the door. I thought that 
when I woke up I would find them shined. I am still looking for 
those shoes. I am beginning to give up hope of ever seeing them 
again. 

But now to come on to a further stage in this great subject— 
and this is the heart of what I want to try to say to you this morning 
—at every turn in everything that is said at this convention, we are 
always, as we dream dreams of the Kingdom’s coming, finding our- 
selves up against the apparently insurmountable obstacle of the 
stubborn and sinful heart of unregenerate man. Now Jesus insists, 
and He proves His words to the hilt, that all the resources of God 
are available to fight and defeat the evil, physical and spiritual, which 
besets humanity. I think that needs emphasizing. History is strewn 
with the wrecks of unrealized Utopias because in every case the 
would-be reformer has omitted the essential preliminary of human 
regeneration. Jesus is the only reformer who has not omitted that. 
He gives you the program and its secret; He does actually show how 
the heart of man can be changed. I think there is very little doubt 
that in Jesus’ own mind this conception of the absolute availability of 
the Father-God, was the determining factor in His thinking and 
vocation and Messianic work. 

May I assume in you a certain knowledge of the teaching of the 
Old Testament, and of what is commonly called Jewish apocalyptic 
literature of the first and second centuries before Christ’s time, 
revealing a profound dissatisfaction with things as they are, and a 
certainty that the day must come when God would, as it were, let 
Himself go, to bring in the good order which He had planned for 
humanity. Jesus came and said to men, “The time is not soon but 
now. God’s Kingdom is arriving, God’s resources are available.” 

He proceeded to act on the faith that the Kingdom ‘of God is 
here, that God is on the spot; His is a vital religion which refused 
to be put off with evasive vagueness; and in Him and through Him 


THE KINGDOM OF GOD 39 


something tremendous did happen. I do want you to get hold of that 
fact. There and then, on the plane of history, did take place a 
translating of ideal into concrete fact. This is akin to what I was 
trying to say to you yesterday about the “objectivity” of Christianity 
as shown in the Cross of Jesus Christ. When Jesus took hold of 
God, something new, something concrete, did actually happen. Think 
of Him, for instance, confronted by a messenger come to say that 
the little girl He was going to heal had died. What did He do? Did 
He turn back? No, He went on. I sometimes think that is one of the 
most significant things in the whole gospel record. He went on. He 
believed absolutely that all the resources of the Father-God were 
available for the good of humanity. He left no stone unturned to 
make men see this. In the main men turned away; but the offer 
still holds, and I for one believe absolutely that the main reason why 
the Kingdom of God tarries is simply because there are not yet enough 
men and women in the world who are prepared to take the risk of 
taking Jesus at His word and claiming the available life and goodness 
of God for the blessing of humanity. 

A good deal of what I have been saying to you I owe to the 
thought that I find in those books by Prof. Hogg, of Madras, and 
particularly a book of his published recently called “Redemption from 
this World,’ a book which I strongly advise you to get and study. 

It is not necessary for me to say anything at this point about the 
implications of Christ’s message of the Kingdom of God. The whole 
of this convention is concerned with those implications—social, eco- 
nomic, industrial, racial, international. I would only take leave to 
say just this about the Kingdom of God and international affairs, and 
I know you will allow me to seize this opportunity to say such a thing. 
I do verily believe that if your nation and mine could in some way 
come together and act, together in this thing, we might under God 
deal a blow at the forces which make for war from which they would 
never recover. I can only say that men and women in my country 
are longing with a deep passion for a real and lasting peace, a world 
peace that shall be based on mutual understanding and on international 
righteousness. And we are looking eagerly to see if you will make 
any new gesture. We know that you long for peace as we do. But 
we have a great desire that you and we may work together, in this 
generation, for the peace of the world. 

I am going to appeal to you, as I conclude, to do two things, if 
you are in earnest about this business. I appeal to you to believe in 
the feasibility of the kingdom of God. Reference was made yesterday 
to that disastrous, and as I think, utterly pagan speech of our Lord 


40 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


Birkenhead the other day, wherein he gives expression to the old clap- 
trap about the world still offering glittering prizes for keen heads and 
stout hearts; human nature is human nature, and you will never 
change it. You have got to fight that miserable scepticism. If 
Jesus’ message of the Kingdom of God means anything, it means 
that the hard heart of man can be changed, it means that this new and 
better order of things is feasible, can be achieved. 

Our great statesman, Cobden, in the middle of the last century, 
having a project described to him by a friend as impossible, replied, 
“Tf that is all, then we had better set about it at once.” That is the 
spirit in which you are to approach the enterprise of the Kingdom 
of God. 

My other appeal to you is to make some new adventure in claim- 
ing or reclaiming some areas in your own personal life for the 
Kingdom of God. It is no picnic to do this. As I said just now, I 
don’t know what it will involve for you. Whatever it involves, it 
will be a stiff proposition; and you could not look at it unless you were 
to go up to it, as I believe you can do, in the company of Jesus Christ. 

Studdert Kennedy was quoting two nights ago a passage at the 
beginning of Pilgrim’s Progress. Do you remember, further on in the 
book, how Christian falls in with a man named By-ends and they 
discuss the journey and By-ends is rather afraid, and he is asking 
Christian for further information about the proposition. He is not 
much less afraid by the time Christian has answered him. What 
Christian said to him was this, “If you will go with us, you must go 
against wind and tide. You must own Religion in his rags as well 
as when in his silver slippers, and stand by him, too, when bound in 
irons, as well as when he walketh the streets with applause.” Today 
Jesus is summoning you to something like that. What kind of re- 
sponse are you going to make? 


WHAT DO WE BELIEVE ABOUT THE SOURCES OF 
POWER? 


Canon Epwarp S. Woops 


I think I know the kind of thing that is probably running in the 
mind of a good many here at the end of the convention, after all that 
you have been hearing and thinking. You are keenly aware that there 
is now in front of you a course to follow, there is a life to live, there 


THE SOURCES OF POWER 4I 


is a service to render; you are conscious of a demand having been 
made upon you ; a demand to which conscience would bid you respond ; 
but now, at the end of the conference, you are possibly feeling con- 
siderable doubt as to whether you can do it. “Can I? Where is the 
power ?” 

I want to try quite simply this morning to help you answer that 
question, because I believe absolutely that the power is to be had, if 
you will look for it in the right direction. 

Let us get quite rid of any misconception of this great word 
“power.” We must banish from the word any kind of significance 
or meaning that it has in a worldly sense. The power that I am 
talking about has nothing whatever to do with power as it is usually 
conceived in the world of our day. 

In its common use it generally means money or some sort of 
visible and material success, or possibly some sort of exploitation of 
things or people, an asserting of your will over other persons. Power 
in the Christian sense of the word has nothing whatever to do with 
that kind of thing. I dare say you could get that kind of power if 
you wanted it. I am not concerned with that, nor is Christianity. 
What I believe Christianity means is that there is a power which may 
be had, the power to realize the way of living which Jesus invites 
men to follow,—and that is quite another thing. 

There are many who can and do recognize the beauty, originality, 
and supreme value of the kind of way of life which Jesus Christ 
has set before men. The man of power is the man who finds out how 
to translate that ideal into concrete, daily fact. It seems to me to be 
rather a disquieting symptom of a good deal of our modern religious 
life that you find an immense amount of highly organized and very 
energetic religious activity, coupled with a serious moral and spiritual 
impotence. I believe that that is why the church today, using the 
word in the biggest sense, is making relatively little headway in the 
prosecution of its tremendous task. There are relatively few who 
bear the name of Christian who have yet discovered that Christianity 
is a religion of power. I remember a story about that curious old 
woman, the late Chinese Empress Dowager. Many years ago when 
railways were first introduced into China, she wished to have one in 
order to see what this new foreign invention was like. So she gave 
orders that there should be an engine put up on a line in the ground 
of the Forbidden City. The day came for the first trial of this 
engine. Of course you will remember that in those days no one 
could ever get admission to the Forbidden City or its grounds under 
penalty of death. However, one foreigner did succeed in secreting 


42 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


himself somewhere in order to see what happened. What happened 
was this: He heard a great shouting, first ‘of all, and then he peered 
forth from his hiding place and saw a vast crowd of Chinese coolies 
tugging at a rope, and at the end of the rope was the engine. They 
didn’t know how to make the thing work and so they were reduced 

to pulling it. ; 

I have often thought that that is a picture of a good deal of 
modern religion. There are men who carry about their religion and 
their creed as so much luggage and have never made the tremendous 
discovery that the real point of religion is that it can carry you. To 
quote a significant phrase of F. R. Barry, “The limp benevolence of 
our post war age needs new galvanic force to make it taut and vital 
and effective.” 

Now I want you to go back with me once more to the original 
sources of our Christianity. I want you to note something of the 
experience of power as recorded in the New Testament documents. 
The Bible is a book of power, it is the book of power. It is full of 
unexploded dynamite. Consider again, what we looked at yesterday, 
the fact that Jesus was the first man in the whole long history of the 
human race to find, take hold of, and utilize the imperishable resources 
of the eternal God. I am not asking you to make at this moment any 
particular assertion about the nature of Jesus and His personality, 
but I do ask you to see what I think is a rational thing to ask—that 
He did in point of fact translate the ideal which He showed men into 
literal, visible, concrete fact before their eyes. 

In this connection I should like to quote to you a paragraph from 
an article by one of our foremost thinkers in England, a man of very 
considerable philosophical attainments, Mr. Edwyn Bevan. “The 
essential thing about the activity of Christ was not that He held up 
certain values, ideals of conduct and temper, but that He revealed the 
power by which the values were going to be embodied in fact. We 
are accustomed to the distinction between existence and value, be- 
tween that which is and that which ought to be, but when existence 
is joined to value, existence has a value of its own in the combination. 
The artist is not satisfied with knowing that beauty is real as an ideal 
value. He wants concrete, beautiful things to exist. The Platonist 
might perhaps be satisfied with contemplating the idea of God in 
Heaven, but Christ wanted the will of God to be done on earth. 
Power has essential relation to existence. It means the shaping of 
the concrete world by will and so the creation of fresh’ realities. 
Whatever pictures Christ may have in His imagination of the King- 
dom of God which He said was near—already beginning to arrive, 


THE SOURCES OF POWER 43 


we may be sure that His idea of it was dynamic, not static. Some- 
thing was coming about by which the world of hard, concrete facts 
was going to be subdued to God.” 

That is to say, there is a real sense in which Jesus took hold of 
and made available in a new way the whole might and power of God, 
to be interpreted never in terms of coercion but in terms of life and 
truth and goodness and love. And He goes on to say that this thing 
of His is not a peculiarity of His own, it can and should be shared by 
His disciples. Again and again He tried to make this plain to them. 

- You will find St. John referring to it perhaps in the clearest 
fashion, in the way he records some of the last conversations that 
took place between our Lord and His disciples just before His death, 
“The things that I do ye shall do and greater things than these shall 
ye do because I go to my Father.” 

And you will recall that those words proved true. This did 
happen. Those men at that time did become aware of God in a new 
way. They became conscious of the incoming of the life of God into 
their personalities, in an altogether new fashion and the result was, 
as you know perfectly well, that the face of the world as it then ex- 
isted was changed within a century. 

I do not think it is possible to exaggerate the enormous signifi- 
cance of the way in which the first generation of Christians took 
Jesus at His word and found it to come true in their lives, the very 
thing that He said would happen. They were themselves completely 
transformed and they went out and they succeeded in transforming 
the world of their day. 

I want to say as clearly as I possibly can that that experience of 
power which the early Christians enjoyed is still available for Chris- 
tians today. Most of us are living far below the limits of our pos- 
sible selves, and there are sources of power open to us which as yet 
we have hardly begun to tap. 

As to the conditions of discovering and using that power I think 
it can be said without fear of contradiction that there is only one 
fundamental condition, and that is that you should really want God, 
that you should sincerely desire to explore the way of living which 
Jesus is inviting you to follow. “Blessed are they that hunger and 
thirst after righteousness for they shall be filled’”—or, in Shafto’s 
paraphrase, “The secret of happiness is yours. If you are filled with 
a passionate desire for the true way of life, as now presented to you, 
your life shall be full of achievement.” In this, as in the other aspects 
of the Kingdom I have been trying to put before you, we must face 
the fact that there is nothing in Christianity for any Christian until 


44 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


he really does take Jesus at His word when He says that God is 
personal, is Father, is available, is concerned with us and our in- 
dividual lives; that God is a person with Whom you can enter into 
a real personal relationship. 

Christianity, as I understand it, consists largely in the individual 
personality opening up to the incoming of the personality of God. 
That did happen completely and perfectly with Jesus, and it does 
happen in a measure with every true follower of Jesus, and there, I 
believe, you get at the very heart of Christianity ; and any experience 
of “power” in the Christian sense of the word depends absolutely on 
this reality of personal contact with a God who is love, and who 
means good for you and for the whole race. 

That, as I understand it, is simply what the New Testament 
means by that word “faith,’ which only means last and not first, 
believing in certain creedal statements. The essence of faith is the 
going forth of our human personality in love and trust unto the 
great, divine personality of the eternal God outside us. 

Now in the closing minutes I would like to point out, if I may, 
a little of the significance of this. To know God in this sense and to 
find in Him the source of power means a great process, a process in 
which there are a great many different elements and factors which I 
cannot deal with fully this morning. I will only pick out two. 

When in any real sense God enters into a human personality 
(in the kind of way that I have been describing) he does bring with 
Him the priceless gift of inner harmony. Is there any one present 
here who does not know something of the misery and the impotence 
of a divided mind—the good that you want to do you can’t do and 
the evil which you hate is precisely that which you do? The’ in- 
coming of God alters that: His coming gives harmony. He unifies 
your personality into one great whole, and He does it by changing the 
center. 

Did you ever read of the Englishman who fought in the War 
and gave his life, who had an enormous influence on our side of the 
water by his life and by his writings? I refer to Donald Hankey. 
I remember one of his sayings. It ran something like this: “To, 
be the center of your universe is misery. To have your universe 
centered on God is the peace that passeth understanding.” That 
is true. 

Besides, the incoming of God gives you a new confidence. When 
you find yourself clean up against the question “Am I strong enough 
to do this thing which I know I ought to do?” at last, if you are in 
this kind of contact with God you can say, “I can.” When you hear 


THE SOURCES OF POWER 45 


God in Christ saying to you, “You can,” then you begin to say to 
yourself, “I can.” And when a man with absolute sincerity and 
true confidence can say to himself, “I can,” the battle is as good as 
won; “in Christ I am able for everything.” 

It must be added that this gift of power is never given you just 
for your own sake. This inexhaustible power is yours only so far 
as you are prepared to spend it freely. In this connection I ask you to 
gather up all that you have heard and all that you know, all that this 
convention has presented to you of the idea of service. Power in 
this sense must always be interpreted in terms of service. It is never 
given to a man simply as a thing by itself. It is never unrelated to 
human relationships. It is never unrelated to what you have to do, 
and it is only in so far as a man is prepared, as I was trying to say 
yesterday, to face the music, to go right ahead against every obstacle, 
to give himself without stint in the service of his fellowmen and in 
the service of the Kingdom of God—it is only in so far as a man is 
really ready to do that that he will find this power of God streaming 
in to him. But if he is ready for that, then the power does come, 
and you begin to explore something of the extraordinary joy of 
self-giving. 

I remember during the War hearing about a young fellow writ- 
ing home from.the front to his mother. In his letter were some 
words like this, “Never have I been so happy as of late and I think 
the reason is that I have never before known what it is to be com- 
pletely taken out of myself.” Blessed are you when you can begin 
to forget yourself and lose yourself in the cause of the Kingdom of 
God. Then this power of God will come simply streaming into you 
and coursing through you. 

If this is all true, you must take time to be with Him. You 
must be faithful about. your morning watch. How do you suppose 
we can know anything about this life with God if we are just going 
to give Him nothing but a few odd scraps of time? It is absurd. If 
you want to know anything about the life in God you have just got 
to take time to be alone with Him. Get out of all bustle and rush 
_and hurry and the “tear” of the world in which you live and guard 
carefully that quiet half-hour, preferably before breakfast, before 
you see your friends, before you look at the newspaper, before you 
open your letters, and have that time alone with God and give Him 
His chance. If you will give God His chance He will take it all 
right. 

Let my last word to you be this: I think the phrase in the whole 
of the New Testament which perhaps means most to me comes in 


46 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


that sequel to the story of the prodigal son. Do you remember the 
conversation between the father and the elder son? Do you remem- 
ber how that son had mistaken the whole idea of the family life? 
And do you remember how the father said to him, and Jesus says 
that that is what God is saying to us, “Son, son, thou art ever with 
me, and all that I have is thine.” 

Have you begun to take hold of any of those inexhaustible 
riches? The best thing I can hope for you as we part from this 
glorious convention is that you shall find out in your own life what 
it means to put out your open hand and take hold of—something that 
you have never had before—the life and the love of the Eternal God. 

As David Cairns once put it so truly and beautifully, “God is all 
around us, a breaking sea of truth and love and life and joy, and all 
our task is to let Him in.” 


SUNDAY MORNING ADDRESS 


THE COMMITMENT OF LIFE AND HOW 
GOD LEADS MEN 


Joun R. Mort 


General Secretary of the International Committee of the Y.M.C.A., and for 
thirty-three years Chairman of the Student Volunteer Movement 


Unquestionably Christ has been the conscience of this Con- 
vention. Has not the hour come when through us all He shall become 
the will of the Convention? I am inclined to think that this gather- 
ing has already reached a stage which its predecessors in the long 
line of Volunteer Conventions did not reach until the final day. The 
word for which thousands hére have listened and have prayed has 
already been proclaimed. It has been a word of alarm, and we have 
been startled from our inertia and apathy. It has been a word of 
humbling, and we have bent low with the vivid consciousness of our 
personal and corporate sins. It has been a word of prophecy, and, 
lo, there dawns a yet more glorious day. It has been a word of stern 
challenge to the heroic and sacrificial strain running through the 
lives of the thousands of undergraduates and graduates here assem- 
bled. Has not the hour come, therefore, when the self-same Christ 
who has caused conscience to tremble and become afraid shall like- 
wise bring to bear upon our wills the superinduced current of His 
unselfish, almighty and regnant will! 

It has been my lot to attend the entire series of Volunteer Con- 
ventions. I can remember, as though it were but yesterday, when 
in a rowboat on Lake Geneva with my friend, Robert Wilder, the 
vision came to us of a continent-wide, international convention of the 
Student Volunteer Movement. There resulted that first convention 
of the series, which met in Cleveland back in 1891 when some six 
: 47 


48 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


or seven hundred students assembled, from the colleges, universities 
and professional schools of the United States and Canada, in a 
gathering of great vision-imparting and creative power. Then fol- 
lowed, as a rule at quadrennial intervals, the like historic dynamic 
assemblies at Detroit, and Cleveland again, and Toronto, and Nash- 
ville, and Rochester, and Kansas City, and Des Moines, and now, 
in one of the most fateful moments of all time, we find ourselves 
here in Indianapolis, seven thousand of us, under the call and under 
the power of the same great expansive purpose which rallied our 
fellow students in the preceding gatherings. Those of us whose 
lives have spanned these notable Conventions and who have had 
opportunity to observe their immediate and remote influence, have 
come to regard the Conventions of the Student Volunteer Movement 
as the highest mounts of vision in the history of student life through- 
out the centuries. Have they not been also the principal generating 
grounds of unselfish leadership in the sense that Christ defined leader- 
ship when He said: “He who would be greatest among you shall be 
the servant of all.” 

A life of incessant travel which has taken me first and last to 
more than fifty nations, and to most of them again and again during 
the last thirty years and more, has enabled me to follow through or 
trace the marvelous influence of these gatherings. Throughout the 
battlefields of Christianity are to be found the ten thousand student 
volunteers of North America who have already sailed. I have found 
them absorbed in their great unselfish cause—the greatest of all 
causes, the world-wide extension of Christ’s Kingdom. I am proud 
of those men and women and also of their children. In countless 
conferences and retreats, and as a guest in their homes, I have thus 
met and observed the work and felt the spirit of these North Ameri- 
can volunteers, not to mention those of the universities of other 
Christian lands. I see them now working out the vision that came 
to them in conventions like this. How deeply have I been impressed 
by their abandon to their great cause; their unwearying work of 
seed-sowing, watering, and nurturing; their wisdom in laying foun- 
dations and in rearing the superstructure; their ability to cooperate 
with and to serve the peoples of the lands of their adoption; their 
genuine self-effacement ; their undying allegiance to their living Lord. 
Moreover, frequent journeys throughout the United States of Amer- 
ica and among the Canadian Provinces have enabled me to follow 
into their life work many other thousands of North American students 
who also attended Volunteer Conventions. It has been reassuring 
and inspiring to find so many of them filling in or realizing the 


THE COMMITMENT OF LIFE 49 


visions which came to them in the never-to-be-forgotten sessions and 
fellowship of these gatherings. I have found these delegates at home 
or abroad under the spell of the common vision and purpose to make 
the Kingdoms of this world become the Kingdoms of our Lord and 
of His Christ. Such a solidarity made possible by a common loyalty 
to our one Lord must inevitably become triumphant. 

The present Convention will be no exception. In fact, my faith 
from the beginning, as that of many of you, has claimed that the 
Indianapolis Convention would far transcend any of its predecessors 
in vision-giving power, in life-propelling power. Why should this 
not be so? Without doubt this should be the result, because we 
have assembled in one of the great days of God. It should be so, 
moreover, because there is gathered in this hall a body of young men 
and young women the like of which has never been assembled in any 
preceding Student Convention. I think I know this generation not 
only in my own country but in many other lands. I know that I love 
it. I know that I trust it. I know that I will serve it to the end of 
the day. I am glad to follow its lead. If I were to try to characterize 
this generation I would say that it has traits which give ample ground 
for the prophecy that the members of this Convention can and should 
achieve results which will surpass those accomplished by our prede- 
cessors. The generation represented here are dissatisfied with the 
past and they certainly have a right to be. They are very much 
dissatisfied also with the present, and again I say they have a right 
to be. They are keenly critical, What have they not criticised? 
How much better this is, however, than the apathy, indifference and 
inertia which have characterized far too many in the past. The 
present generation is the most alert and inquiring generation that 
the world has ever known. They are asking leading questions and 
they are determined to have satisfying answers. They hate sham 
and hypocrisy with bitter hatred but are courageously responsive to 
the note of reality wherever they find it. Surging in their minds and 
hearts are tides of new thought and social passion; where may not 
these tides bear them if but controlled by the living Christ and His 
unselfish representatives ? 

This generation has some. other very attractive traits much 
needed in the present day and in the years right before us; hopeful- 
ness, and how much this is needed, at a time when the zone of 
pessimism is so perceptibly widening on every hand; idealism, at a 
time when so many whom we saw yesterday on the mountains are 
now down in the mists of the low valleys; the spirit of vision or 
penetration which sees what the crowd do not see,—and without this 


50 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


trait the peoples must inevitably perish; the spirit of adventure never 
quite so much needed as in these coming days of warfare, if the 
principles of Jesus are to have right of way in all human relation- 
ships. Some remind us that students of today have a trait which 
causes them solicitude, namely, that they are prone to go to extremes. 
Is this not, however, a most hopeful sign? Has not the time come 
to break away from the old and chart new courses for mankind? 
At such a moment we need to remember that Jesus Christ went to 
extremes. He went to the greatest extreme—to the Cross; and thus 
with compelling reality He revealed the great central purpose which 
commanded Him. For reasons like these, I repeat, my faith claims 
from this Convention something unique and wonderful, which will 
far transcend its predecessors. And there could be nothing quite so 
dishonoring to the past as for this not to be true. Those who have 
gone before and have made possible this Convention would have been 
poor builders indeed if they had not laid foundations which would 
sustain a truly great superstructure—one of such noble proportions, 
of such commanding height of vision, of such wide-open windows of 
outlook as would make possible the guidance and the leadership neces- 
sary to bring in the new day and the new world. If this inspiring 
hope is to be realized, how essential it is that Jesus Christ be made 
not only the conscience but also the will of the Convention. 

With literally thousands of those present the uppermost question 
is that of the investment of their lives. With many the chief concern 
is the nature of their life work, that is, the particular calling or phase 
of activity to which they should devote themselves. With others the 
main problem just now is to determine the field where they should 
spend their lives and use their powers. I would emphasize, however, 
that these questions are relatively minor; I mean in contrast with the 
deeper and more central question of one’s life purpose. Personally, 
I have little concern as to the form or phase of the life work of any 
student here, or as to the field where that life work is to be accom- 
plished, provided that life is dominated consciously and actually by 
the right life purpose. What is the greatest purpose that can pos- . 
sibly dominate any student’s life? Is it not unquestionably the pur- 
pose which dominated the life of our Lord? With Him the govern- 
ing purpose was to do the will of God. I make bold to say that with 
every one of us likewise the great central, controlling purpose should 
be to commit our lives absolutely and irrevocably to the Lord Jesus 
Christ, henceforth to do His will, and not our own, cost what it may. 
If any among us were not already Christians, it would be entirely 
proper for us in open forum and in private interviews to debate the 


THE COMMITMENT OF LIFE 51 


question as to whether or not we would become Christians ; but having 
become Christians, that is, having taken Jesus Christ as our Savior 
and Lord, there can no longer be any ground or room for discussion 
as to whether or not He shall control our lives. 

Why has Jesus Christ the right to dominate each Christian 
student here? He has this right because of Who He is. Was it 
not Charles Lamb who said that if Shakespeare were to enter the 
room we would all stand, but that if Christ were to come in we would 
all kneel? A prominent educator in one of our Eastern colleges not 
long since ventured to prophesy that in the new religion of the com- 
ing day there will be no deification of remarkable human beings. Let 
us think straight with reference to this claim. If his language means 
anything, it means that you and I in reposing our faith in the Lord 
Jesus Christ have misplaced it, and therefore must withdraw it. But 
we take square issue, for everyone of us well knows that in that 
Name which is above every name, and in allegiance to His Divine 
Person have been and ever will be all of the largest, most vital and 
most enduring achievements. With ever deepening conviction we 
recognize His absolute uniqueness and supremacy. 

In my world travels I have been profoundly impressed as I 
have observed that it is as Christ is known that God is believed in. 
Without doubt we see in Him a true descent of God among men. 
In Him we see one “Other than all the rest, strong among the weak, 
erect among the fallen, believing among the faithless, clean among 
the defiled, living among the dead.” Humbly, therefore, we bow 
down again this morning before Him and worship Him, “King of 
Kings, Lord of Lords, His Name shall be called Wonderful, Coun- 
sellor, Mighty God, the Everlasting Father, the Prince of Peace.” 
The other day I read a very interesting and striking thing in a paper 
which a friend in India sent to me. The writer reminds us that there 
have been Mohammedans in India for over a thousand years, but 
you never hear a Hindu say, “I wish you were more like the Prophet.” 
The writer then proceeds to point out that they had only known of 
Christianity in India for a quarter of that time, but there was no 
educated Hindu who would not say, “I wish you were more like 
Jesus Christ.” 


“OQ Lord and Master of us all, 
Whate’er our name or sign, 

We own Thy sway, we hear Thy call, 
We test our lives by Thine.” 


Jesus Christ has the right to dominate each one of us because 
of what He has done. In view of what we have heard during the 


52 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


past hour from our trusted friend and guide, Canon Woods, in his 
discerning and most helpful message concerning the deeper meaning 
of the Cross, no extended word of mine is needed to demonstrate 
the validity of this claim. If anyone has any doubt, however, I 
would earnestly request him to ask himself and answer the question, 
What would you have Jesus Christ do which He has not already _ 
done to convince you that He has the full right to your life, the right 
to dominate its choices and the use of its powers? With you I see 
again that lonely hill; with you I see the three crosses and on the one 
in the center the One bearing the sin of the World. 

One day Zinzendorf, a proud, cultured and rich young man, was 
loitering in a church when his attention was arrested by a painting 
over the altar showing Christ on the Cross and below the figure these 
words, 


“All this I did for thee, 
What hast thou done for Me?” 


Suddenly his pride was melted, his spirit subdued; he fell upon his 
knees and yielded himself wholly and irrevocably to Christ his Lord. 
Henceforth he placed all his possessions, all his powers, all his life 
at the disposal of Christ, and the life of Christ surging through him 
brought inestimable blessings to his own and subsequent generations. 
So today may any of us who hitherto have not made a complete sur- 
render, humbly and with genuine contrition and with hearts over- 
flowing with gratitude, be constrained by His love to hand ourselves 
over with all that we are and possess, to do His will. 

Jesus Christ has the right to dominate each one of us because 
of what His dominance over us makes possible. Those students who 
yield to His sway and live in obedience to Him will be admitted into 
the secrets of His mind, for “He that doeth the will of God shall 
know of the teaching.” The organ of spiritual knowledge is and 
ever has been an obedient spirit. The student who acknowledges 
Christ as Lord and Master in the round of life’s daily decisions and 
actions will be ushered into the inner circle of Christ’s fellowship, 
because “Whosoever shall do the will of my Father which is in’ 
heaven, the same is my brother, and sister, and mother.” In what 
a wondrous intimacy with our Lord and His followers we thus find 
ourselves! As we thus become conscious of His reality and near- 
ness, there can be no sense of loneliness, no possibility of defeat and 
unproductivity. 

In yielding ourselves to Christ in all things, we find ourselves 
in the full tide of His power. He not only liberates our compara- 


THE COMMITMENT OF LIFE 53 


‘tively latent energies and calls out from us undreamed-of powers, 
but also bears us along with His superhuman might. There are some 
delegates present who think they have been used by Christ, but whose 
experience in the past is as nothing in comparison with what awaits 
them when they have made complete and unconditional surrender. 
Why be satisfied living weak, stumbling and palsied lives, when we 
may one and all abound in His might? The lives that are placed at 
His disposal and steadfastly kept under His sway take on new 
dimensions and new powers. He claimed that He came that we might 
have life, and life more abundant. This means infinitely more than 
length of life. It means breadth of life, depth of life, height of life, 
volume of life, momentum of life, intensity of life, liberty of life, 
reality of life, purity of life, hopefulness of life, joy of life, con- 
tagion of life, and redundant though it seems, vitality of life. 

“Thou of life the fountain art, 

Freely let me take of Thee; 

Spring Thou up within my heart, 

Rise to all eternity.” 

Jesus Christ has the right to dominate us because He has the 
program and the word for our particular generation and for this 
moment in the life of the world. The War and even more the Peace 
have revealed the bankruptcy of vision and spiritual energy of man- 
kind. I think of the past decade as having constituted a vast process 
of exclusion, serving, as it were, to withdraw the gaze of confidence 
of mankind from one after the other of the so-called pillars of civi- 
lization,—except one, the Lord Jesus Christ. He was never so unique, 
certainly never more necessary, and, thank God, never more sufficient. 
To whom else shall we go? Everything else has been shaken—agnos- 
ticism, atheism, materialism, positivism, rationalism. None of the 
non-Christian religions hold out to us the word of assurance and hope. 

Next to the last time I crossed the Pacific I found among my 
fellow passengers the Japanese delegation of the Washington Con- 
ference who were on their way home. I had many interesting con- 
versations with some of their number. In a memorable talk with 
their leader, Admiral Baron Kato, he described the way diplomacy 
and statescraft had done their best at Washington. He then said to 
me as we rose at the end of the interview, “we must now look to the 
leaders of religion.” A few weeks later in Shanghai in looking over 
a paper from England I noticed that Lord Balfour, one of the great 
Christian statesmen of our day, in a speech which he made on his 
return from the Washington Conference, used almost identically the 
same language that I have quoted from Admiral Kato. We do well 


54 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


to take to heart that Jesus Christ, and Jesus Christ only, has the sure 
word for meeting all the ills of this world and of this time—ills 
personal, social, industrial, interracial, international. He is the only 
hope, but praise God the sufficient hope, of equalizing, stabilizing, 
reconstructing and regenerating the world. 

The second thing to bear in mind is that whether or not He will 
release in us His marvelous and sufficient power depends upon the 
measure of obedience with which we individually, for the sake of our 
vision, take up the Cross and follow Him as Lord. In view of some 
things which have been said in this Convention, I wish to voice one 
of my deepest convictions, and that is, that a Christ who is not large 
enough to deal simultaneously and triumphantly with the present 
overwhelming situation all over the world, is not large enough to 
meet the problems in front of our own doors here at home, nay more, 
is not large enough to meet the longings and needs of our own hearts. 
Let us give out no uncertain note on this transcendently important 
point. This Convention is built around the central fact of the ages— 
the sufficiency and the supremacy of Jesus Christ as Lord. With 
unshakable conviction, therefore, may we through our lives singly 
and collectively make Him the will of the Convention. 

What is involved in committing our lives to Jesus Christ, the 
Lord? It means an act of choice and surrender. We definitely choose 
Jesus Christ as our Guide and Leader in all that pertains to the invest- 
ment of our lives. We place ourselves definitely at His disposal. 
We yield irrevocably to the control of Christ the lives which hitherto 
we have sought to direct and control. After this most significant 
and most momentous initial act, the commitment of our lives to Jesus 
Christ involves an attitude, a process, a life of willing, heroic and 
glad obedience to Him as Lord. In choosing Him as Lord we burn 
the bridges between our past life and our new life; henceforth we 
do not reopen this question. We never withdraw ourselves from 
His unerring hand, His almighty hand, His loving hand, His pierced 
hand—and the pierced hand invariably points to limitless opportuni- 
ties and to indescribable need. In other words, commitment to Christ 
as Lord does not signify an occasional attempt to do His will but » 
rather a perpetual expression of His mind and will in word, deed 
and influence. This attitude or life of acknowledgment of the Lord- 
ship of Christ involves the cultivation of the habit of finding out 
what His will is and then doing it. It thus involves the earnest 
employment of the intellect as well as the steady action of the will. 

It is a wonderful power which each student here possesses—the 
power of will, the power to choose, the power to decide, the power 


THE COMMITMENT OF LIFE 55 


to take initiative. The weakest student within the sound of my voice, 
the one with the most palsied will, possesses this marvelous power. 
Each one knows right now that he has this power. God did not make 
us mere machines. He does not force Himself upon us. With Him 
the value of the will lies in its freedom. 


“Our wills are ours we know not how; 
Our wills are ours to make them Thine.” 


At times we hear the remark, “That man has too much will.” There 
is no such thing as having too much will. The question is as to the 
purpose, ideals, motives and ambitions which are guiding the will. 
Or again we hear it said, “You must break your will, or give it up.” 
Not so. Rather the life of commitment to Christ means that we 
merge or blend our wills with that good and acceptable and perfect 
will of God. The word uttered by Christ Himself in that most 
solemn hour in the Garden leads us into the depth of the meaning 
of it all, “Thy will be done.” It is a declaration of renunciation, 
that is, we cease to regard ourselves as the center of the universe. 
Moreover, it is a declaration of acceptance, that is, we accept Him 
henceforth and forever as the center of our lives and therefore of 
out purposes, decisions and activities. Let us follow Christ in this 
great central act and process. With Him the doing of the will of 
God was His meat and drink, His daily life. 

The commitment of one’s life to Christ as Lord means a life 
lived in dead earnest. No student can follow Christ whithersoever 
He goeth and leadeth and not be aflame. We should be aflame with 
anger and bitter indignation against the hypocrisies, injustices, cruel- 
ties, abominations and sins that burden and oppress mankind. Still 
more should we be aflame with compassion and love and a real pas- 
sion of helpfulness for darkened, groping, lonely, suffering, encum- 
bered and enslaved individuals and multitudes near and far. We must 
take Christ in earnest or choose some other master. 

The dominance of Christ over our lives means enduring hard- 
ness. To go Christ’s way will be glorious but not easy. My study 
of the different religions of the world has convinced me that the 
Christian religion is the most difficult of all. Some may differ from 
me on this point. Be that as it may, I believe that the Christian 
religion is to have a particularly hard time during the next fifteen 
years, and that Christian leaders are to be on trial in these coming 
fateful and creative years possibly as never before. Some one asks, 
why? Because Christians are awakening to the severe and heroic 
implications of the Gospel. An increasingly great company of dis- 


56 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


cerning Christians have come to believe that war is completely con- 
trary to the mind of Christ. To lead the multitudes of Christians 
across the world to see this and to realize it may involve being mis- 
understood, opposed and persecuted. In the industrial area, more- 
over, Christians in increasing numbers are coming to regard as intol- 
erable two standards—one proclaimed in our pulpits and the. other 
practiced in business, commerce, and finance. Again, think of Islam 
with its 225,000,000 adherents. Any who listen during these days 
to voices like those of Harrison, Watson, Harlow and Birge will 
come to realize vividly that not without great self-denial and the 
highest order of heroism, and doubtless not without martyrdom, will 
Christ ever come to be recognized and obeyed by those who are now 
the followers of the Prophet. As we think also of racial discrimi- 
nation and bitterness which so seriously menace the peace of the 
coming day, and follow through the challenge this presents to many 
of us in our daily relationship with men of other races, have we not 
come to see that we must pay great prices if we are to follow our 
Lord where he unmistakably leads? 

Without doubt the world today must have a generation of Chris- 
tian leaders of heroic mold and sacrificial spirit. Why? Because we 
are summoned not only to deal with the wounded on and behind the 
different battlefields on which our gaze has been riveted in this 
Convention but also to stop the fight. This means that we are called 
upon to deal with causes and that has ever meant the way of lone- 
liness, the way of the Cross. It is a way that inevitably leads to 
rugged, chill and precipitous heights. He who sets out to follow 
Christ will have to follow Him a long way and will have to follow 
Him into some dark places. Many, many will be tempted, as of old, 
to forsake Him and flee. The time will never come when it will 
not be necessary for Christian student leaders to take up unpopular 
causes and to stand by them until these causes win out. Herein lies 
the glory of our spiritual warfare. Christ in these days and in this 
Convention is summoning young men and young women to great 
renunciations, to fearless breaks with precedent, to daring and lonely 
adventures,—in a word, to whole-hearted commitment to Christ’s « 
way and sway. 

The other day I received from a friend in Italy a clipping from 
a newspaper from which I will now read an extract from a speech 
by Mussolini, that young and inspiring leader of the youth of his 
native land. I quote exactly from the paper: 


My followers, I ask you, if the sacrifices of tomorrow were greater thaz 
those of yesterday, would you endure them? [Loud cries of yes] 


THE COMMITMENT OF LIFE 57 


If I asked you tomorrow to give me the supreme proof of your discipline, 
would you give it to me? [Renewed cries of assent] 

If tomorrow I gave the alarm, the alarm of a great test of endurance of 
the type which decides the destiny of nations, would you answer the call? 
[Cries of yes, we swear that we would] 

If tomorrow I told you that it was necessary to take up the march again, 
carry it still further in other directions, would you do so? [Loud and renewed 
cries of assent] 

Are your souls ready to endure every trial that discipline exacts, even 
of the most ignoble and humiliating kind, that of the daily round and common 
task? [Cries of assent] 

You are henceforth blended in one spirit, one heart and one conscience. 


Without irreverence may I not invite you to imagine Jesus Christ 
asking these same questions with reference to His present-day pro- 
gram for all mankind and its penetrating implications? As you do 
so, I do not call upon you to make audible reply but would implore 
that each one, in the quiet place within where he meets God, make 
known to Him what I earnestly hope and pray may be whole-hearted, 
affirmative responses to His appeal. 

Committing our lives to Jesus Christ as Lord, henceforth to do 
His will and not our own, cost what it may, not only involves lives 
lived in dead earnest, and lives which heroically welcome and endure 
hardness, if need be to the end, but also results inevitably in larger, 
richer and more abounding lives. It is a wonderful time in which 
to be a genuine Christian and to have a life to place at the disposal 
of the Lord of Life. Going Christ’s way ever involves much greater 
and much better things than we plan for ourselves, or than those 
who are nearest and dearest to us plan for us. There is a certain 
advantage in living the life of world-wide travel which has been mine. 
Visiting our colleges and universities repeatedly during the past 
thirty years and more, and then going again and again to the various 
fields where the American, Canadian and other students are accom- 
plishing their life work, has enabled me to observe the effect on their 
character, achievements and influence of coming during their student 
days under the sway of certain ideals, principles and personalities, 
and continuing to let these dominate them in after life. Such obser- 
vation has profoundly impressed me with the expansive influence 
exerted in and through a life in which Jesus Christ and His program 
are given right of way. How many students of ordinary attainments 
have gone out from the colleges under the spell and rule of Christ 
to become extraordinary in their development, achievements and in- 
fluence. Moreover, in how many cases has Christ shown His ability 
to take students of largest capacity and to raise them to unimagined 


58 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


heights of attainment and achievement. I remind you once more of 
the secret of it all, The students of whom I am speaking in their 
undergraduate days, or possibly in their school days, received a vision 
of the possibilities of a life of unselfish and heroic service such as 
that offered and required by Christ. They recognized and accepted 
His rightful place as Lord or Master, that is, owner and director | 
of their lives. They then related their lives to His great plan. They 
went forth with a sense of mission. This projected them into fields, 
situations and positions which they never would have reached in the 
ordinary course of events. 

I think of Robert Gailey of Princeton, especially remembered 
by students as one of the great college athletes of his day. Under 
the leadership and dominance of Christ he went forth to China and 
has devoted his life during the past two decades to serving the 
students and other young men of China. His athletic distinction was 
in a sense a handicap in the day when he went to China to work 
among the ancient literati. It was not regarded then as quite the 
thing for scholars to become noted for physical prowess. Inciden- 
tally, however, Gailey helped to bring in the new conception of the 
care of the body and of healthy sport life which is so finely illus- 
trated among the young men of the new China. He buried himself 
in the hearts and life purposes of the men of China—both those of 
the old school and those of the new school. Gradually and then 
rapidly his influence widened. He became the confidant and advisor 
of members of the Wai Wu Pu and of a great many of the other 
influential statesmen and officials of the old régime. The same was 
true when the new order set in. He became the friend and helper 
of three or four Presidents of the new China. A great host of 
modern Chinese students, including those who went abroad to study 
in Japan, America and Europe, as well as those who thronged the 
schools and universities of China, came to look upon him as a wise 
counsellor. He gathered around him splendid groups of workers, 
both Chinese and Americans. He was one of the most influential 
factors in the development of the faith and life of service of General 
Feng, the head of the famous Christian Chinese Army. A discern-» 
ing friend of mine in China told me that he could think of no one 
person of our day who has had a more extensive and wholesome 
influence on China than Robert Gailey. From his college days down 
to the present moment the governing purpose of his life has been to 
discover and do the will of God. : 

Think also of Arthur Jackson, one of the student volunteers of 
the British Isles. In his college, Peterhouse, at Cambridge, he was 


THE COMMITMENT OF LIFE 59 


a leader in rowing and football, and was also President of the Chris- 
tian Union in one of its most fruitful periods. He was a moving 
spirit in the British Student Movement in those days and later during 
the period of his medical studies. Under the call of Christ as Lord 
he went out at the age of twenty-six to work in Manchuria as a 
medical missionary. He had been there but a few weeks when the 
pneumonic plague broke out with great malignity. With unselfish 
abandon he plunged in to help meet the desperate and alarming 
situation. He was working for plague-stricken coolies in the danger 
zone at the railway station in Moukden when he also contracted the 
disease and died in thirty hours. As one has said, “How few knew 
that he had gone to Moukden; how many know that he died there.” 
Non-Christian officials at his grave said, “He died for us.” The 
Viceroy insisted on sending $10,000 to his lonely mother in England, 
but she sent it back to Manchuria. It was used to add a wing to 
the Christian Medical College of the Scotch Mission in Moukden. 
I had the honor of participating in the dedication, My visit at that 
time and my subsequent visits revealed to me the marvelous influence 
that Jackson’s life and death have exerted upon successive generations 
of Chinese students and officials both non-Christians and Christians. 
In England it has been most inspiring to hear incidents telling of 
his undying influence on British students who never knew him. 
Who can measure the expansive influence of an unselfish life? 

Not a few in this Convention have heard of Caroline Macdonald, 
one of the Canadian student volunteers who, after rendering helpful 
service among the young women of her own country, went out to 
serve those of Japan. In the early years of her life work in that 
chosen field she concentrated her unselfish efforts largely upon the 
Japanese women students and school girls, and this with most blessed 
and highly-multiplying results. Not a few of those into whose lives 
she poured her loving service have become recognized leaders of the 
Japanese Christian forces. It would be difficult to exaggerate the 
character and permanent value of her ministry to many of the most 
influential families of Tokyo. In later years, true to Christ’s un- 
erring leading, she has devoted herself also to helping criminals, 
prisoners and outcasts. Her joy and privilege it is to cast life-giving 
rays of hope into many darkened lives throughout areas of social 
neglect. 

The life of Ransford Miller, one of my classmates at Cornell, 
comes to mind. In the university he stood at the top of his class in 
the classical course. He also became one of the most intensive stu- 
dents of the Bible, notably of the New Testament. I remember 


60 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


with joy the long hours that he and I spent week by week during 
our senior year in the study of that vital subject, the Spirit of God. 
I fancy it was during those fruitful hours that he came for the first 
time under the sway of the Living Christ. This projected him first 
into the service of the Young Men’s Christian Association in his own 
university, from which it was easy to transfer to a field of wider and 
deeper need—the students and other young men of Japan. He be- 
came so proficient in the study and use of the Japanese language 
that, in line with the advice and approval of his colleagues among 
the missionaries, he accepted the call to become Language Secretary 
of the American Legation in Tokyo. This led him on into other 
positions in the diplomatic service including that of Director of the 
Bureau of Far Eastern Affairs. Then he was promoted to become 
Consul General of Korea. I am in a position to know that in count- 
less difficult situations and in the midst of very real temptations he 
has been true to his Lord, and with conscientiousness and courage 
has applied the principles of Jesus in his diplomatic career and has 
greatly strengthened the hands of the Christian Movement in Japan 
and Korea. 

With tender and grateful memory many of us recall the life and 
work of Grace Coppock. She left her impress on her generation 
at the University of Nebraska. Along the pathway of her travelling 
work among the women students of North America, she proclaimed 
and illustrated the unerring, guiding principles of Jesus Christ her 
Lord. The following of these principles in her own life soon led her 
into the vast opportunity presented by the young womanhood and girl- 
hood of the new China. Though the years spent among them were 
few, before she was called to her exceeding great reward she had 
become universally loved and trusted by the Chinese as well as by 
her countless friends of the West. One wonders whether Christ has 
ever been lived more simply, more winsomely and more contagiously 
than in the life of this devoted and ee ore loyal Christian and 
Christian leader. 

“Dri” Davis went forth from Syracuse University not only witha 
good record in studies and in athletics but also with a life purpose , 
set on doing the will of God. After serving young men in America 
during a fruitful preparatory period, he went to that great political 
capital of the Mohammedan world, Constantinople, and witnessed by 
life and word to men of many faiths. When the war came he 
plunged with abandon into the unselfish ministry among enemy pris- 
oners in the lonely prisoner-of-war camps of France. Later he 
helped to organize and conduct welfare work in the French and 


THE COMMITMENT OF LIFE 61 


other allied armies, and, since the war, has spread the work of Christ 
among the young men and boys of many countries in Europe and the 
Near East. He has won the confidence of governments and rulers, 
Seest thou a man absorbed in the service of his generation, he shall 
stand before kings, he shall not stand before mean men. 

The story of Baron Paul Nicolay of Finland is another illus- 
tration of what God can do through a life fully surrendered to Him. 
In the pathway of faithfully doing the will of God in little things, 
he was led out into one of the greatest opportunities of his generation. 
I refer to his part in founding the Russian Christian Student Move- 
ment. Having been a student in a Russian university, he had a vivid 
sense of the desperate need of the tens of thousands of students in 
the institutions scattered across the breadth of Russia as sheep with- 
out a shepherd. He had the spiritual discernment to see and the 
consecrated will to seize the opportunity. Although of noble family 
and having great possessions, he denied himself and lived a life of 
simplicity and frugality in helping to meet the deep needs of the stu- 
dents. His work was of such thorough quality in its intensive 
aspect that it ultimately and inevitably reached out to all parts of 
Russia and its example served to raise the faith and powerfully stimu- 
late the sacrificial zeal of Christian students the world over. Baron 
Nicolay died five years ago but his work will never die, for “He that 
loves not lives not, and he that lives by the Life shall never die.” 
The seed that he sowed was so vital and was so truly watered with 
tears and nurtured in prayer, that even in the midst of revolutionary 
upheavals, of the powerful opposition of both the reactionary gov- 
ernment of the old régime and of the anti-Christian government of 
our time, and of the recent fierce persecutions, this Movement has 
survived and continued to expand. I am told that one of its circles 
has added to its membership test the requirement indicated in these 
words, “Are you willing to die for Christ ?” 

At this very hour while I am speaking, I would remind you 
that in Battell Chapel at Yale is being conducted the funeral service 
of our friend, Henry B. Wright. I use the word “our” advisedly 
for he was in truth the friend of all college men and women who 
had at heart the bringing of students under the sway of Christ and 
relating them to the plans of His Kingdom. He was a model 
Christian student in his college life. He was a model Christian 
professor—would that we had one like him in every university !—and 
hundreds here who knew him will agree with me that he was also 
a model Christian worker. I know of no better example in char- 
acter and in service of one’s generation. His life was truly Christ- 


62 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


like. Through him countless Yale men in undergraduate days, and 
students of other colleges who sat under his teaching at intercollegi- 
ate conferences, were led out into a reasonable and vital faith in 
Christ and into lives of unselfish service. God spoke through his 
life, through his teaching, through his selfless deeds. Although liv- 
ing on a most slender margin of physical strength, his life literally 
abounded in fruitfulness, because he preserved a life of unbroken 
union with his Divine Lord. He embodied, illustrated and made 
contagious that of which I am speaking this morning—the commit- 
ment of life to the Lord of Life. He was the author of a number 
of valuable writings, but I venture to state that the one book which 
has had by far the largest formative influence on the lives of stu- 
dents, and which will continue to have a message to successive gen- 
erations of students everywhere, is the one entitled, “The Will of 
God and a Man’s Lifework.” Henry Wright served his generation 
by the will of God. He was wont to visit Northfield and while there 
to attend and participate in meetings on Round Top where Mr. 
Moody was buried. As I think of him this morning I recall those 
words engraved on Mr. Moody’s tombstone—words which tell of the 
motive power of the lives of both Moody and Henry Wright and 
which reveal to all of us the secret of undying influence—“He that 
doeth the will of God abideth forever.” 

Illustrations like these throng my memory as I think of the col- 
leges and countries represented here. Those which have been brought 
before us are typical. Let God speak to us through them. One 
and all they accepted Jesus Christ not only as Saviour but also as 
Lord. They recognized His rightful claim upon their lives and 
also upon their powers whether little or great. They were true to 
their heavenly vision. They heard God speak in conferences like 
this. They both heard and heeded His call. They lost themselves 
in great unselfish causes. He that saveth his life shall lose it; he 
that loseth his life in the service of his generation by the will of God 
shall find it again in ever deepening, ever widening, ever multiplying 
influence for good. It is through such men and women that God 
effects permanent, beneficent changes in the lives of individuals and 
in the life of society. 

What hinders our placing our lives this morning at the disposal 
of Christ henceforth to do His will and not our own? With some 
of you it may be, as it once was with me, a selfish ambition. Let it 
be repeated, there are two views of one’s life. One is that a.man’s 
life is his own, to do with as he pleases; the other is that it belongs 
to another, and, in the case of a Christian, that the other to whom 


THE COMMITMENT OF LIFE 63 


it belongs is Christ Himself. At first, although I bore the name of 
Christian, I held the former, or selfish view. I have been urged to 
mention here the circumstances showing the way God led me to re- 
linquish this view. I was studying in a Christian college in the 
West preparing myself for a money-making pursuit. That college 
became too religious for me, so much so that I decided to go to an- 
other in order to get away from religious impressions. I went to a 
university in the East which then had the reputation—unfounded as 
I too late discovered—of being a Godless institution. But I found 
it impossible to get away from God, or from my conscience, or from 
the outreach of the prayers of others. Not many weeks after I en- 
tered this Eastern university, there visited the place, under the aus- 
pices of the Christian Association, that famous cricketer of Cam- 
bridge University, J. E. K. Studd. He was advertised to speak on 
religious subjects from the point of view of students. I ventured 
one night to go to hear him, being curious to know what a college 
athlete might have to say on personal religion. No sooner had I 
taken a seat in the rear of the Botanical Lecture Room, where the 
meeting was being held, than I heard the speaker give three short 
sentences which proved to be the turning point in my life. These 
were the three sentences: “Seekest thou great things for thyself. 
Seek them not. Seek ye first the Kingdom of God.” Iam ashamed 
to say that when I heard these words that night I did not know 
where they came from, but they went straight to the springs of my 
motive life. I have forgotten all else that the speaker said but on 
these few words hinged my life investment decision. I went back 
to my room not to study but to fight. It took long days and nights. 
to fight to the end of selfi—that is, to the point of surrender. Studd, 
in a most discerning and sympathetic interview, which I finally mus- 
tered up courage to have with him, helped me to see the wisdom of 
using my will to follow the gleam of light leading Christ’s way. The 
great surrender to Christ as Lord came later. One friend helped 
me on the way Christward by advising me to forget myself in the 
service of men in real need. That led me to pick out a dark place 
of desperate need—the county jail—and to devote much time that 
year to helping unfortunate, hardened, debased, enslaved men. This 
experience helped greatly to bring near to me Christ Himself as a 
reality.. Another friend counselled me to give myself to hard, honest 
study of the original writings or records about Christ. In following 
this advice I undertook a somewhat thorough study of the Resur- 
rection. I shall never forget the day when with the papers contain- 
ing my notes spread out on the table, 1 was able with St. Thomas 


64 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


to say to Christ with intellectual honesty, ““My Lord and my God.” 
I at once wrote to my father who had held for me, an only son, a 
prosperous business, and told him to dispose of it for I had seen a 
vision. That vision of Christ as Lord—and, therefore, the One 
Who alone has the right to determine the investment of one’s life— 
has never faded but has continued to command me. 

Another factor almost as great in influencing my life plans and 
activities is the one which came to me in the course of the intense 
group thinking, discussions and intercession leading to the adoption 
of the Watchword—“The Evangelization of the World in. this 
Generation.”” Since I came to this Convention, a group of men 
have asked me what this Watchword had meant to me. I can truth- 
fully answer that next to the decision to take Christ as the Leader 
and Lord of my life, the Watchword has had more influence than 
all other ideals and objectives combined to widen my horizon and 
enlarge my conception of the Kingdom of God; to hold me stedfast 
in the face of criticism, opposition and other obstacles to the great 
Christ-commanded purpose of seeking first the Kingdom of God; 
to stimulate my personal preparation for service to my generation; 
to deepen my conviction as to the necessity of furthering the more 
intensive aspects of the missionary enterprise such as educational 
missions, the building up of strong native Churches, and the raising 
up of an able indigenous leadership; to recognize and promote the 
essential strategy involved in establishing an adequate home base, 
and in Christianizing the impact of the so-called Christian nations on 
the non-Christian world; to appreciate vividly both the social and 
the individual aspects of the Christian Gospel and likewise their 
essential unity; to see the necessity of linking together the Christian 
students of all lands and races and of raising up from among them 
an army of well furnished, God-called, heroic volunteers; to realize 
and live under the spell of the great urgency of the task of giving 
each generation an adequate opportunity to know Christ; and, above 
all, to deepen acquaintance with God and to throw us back on Him 
for ever fresh accessions of superhuman wisdom, love and power. 
If the Watchword has been helpful to those who belong to my gen-, 
eration, may it not be made to mean more to yours? With all my 
soul I endorse what my friend, Dr. Speer, said yesterday as to its 
peculiar timeliness, aptness and power for the period immediately 
before us. Let no selfish ambition keep any delegate here from 
placing his life in the hands of Christ and blending his life purpose 
with this world-wide program of Christ. 

It may be that hidden away in the life of a student, here and there 


THE COMMITMENT OF LIFE 65 


in this great company, is some unconfessed or unforsaken sin. If 
so, that inevitably stands in the way of hearing the clear call of Christ 
claiming our lives and powers. Sin is a veil; no student ever saw 
Christ as Lord through it. If you wish to wage triumphant warfare 
in the world battlefields in front of you, you must have no untaken 
forts in the rear. 

A habit of drifting keeps many a student from the great com- 
mitment. No man ever discovered God’s wonderful plan for his 
life through dawdling or waiting for something to turn up. No 
student ever drifted into a great opportunity, or into a great adven- 
ture, or into a great achievement, and this for the simple reason that 
no student drifts into Christlikeness. No, it is by design, by con- 
scious choice, by taking initiative that we find ourselves going Christ’s 
way through following His beckoning hand. 

Closely akin to the hindrance just indicated is that of inde- 
cision, or the lack of conclusive thinking. I find that the students 
everywhere may be divided into two classes—the resolute natures and 
the irresolute natures; that is, those who seek evidence, who make 
up their minds on evidence and use their wills acting on the evidence, 
and those who do not. How many students we find who keep on 
investigating, discussing, interviewing or conferring, and pondering, 
but not combining with these valuable processes the invaluable prac- 
tice of using their wills diligently and resolutely in making decisions 
as fast as the light they seek makes wise conclusions or decisions 
possible. Thus too many get lost in the chasm between knowing 
duty and doing duty. A convention like this may become posi- 
tively dangerous unless the delegate calls out the cooperation of his 
volitional powers to give true effect to new truth to which his mind 
gives assent and to unselfish emotions which move his heart. What 
can be more dangerous than to see visions which were designed by 
a loving God to command us, and not to follow them; to be con- 
fronted with open doors which God Himself has opened before us, 
and not to enter; to hear Him calling us from the mountains, and 
not to go His way? 

It is tragic to learn of students in a gathering like this where 
heroes of so many conflicts have foregathered, and which is designed 
to be a veritable council of war, who through fear or cowardice shrink 
from handing their lives over to the great Leader. And yet Christ 
never hid His scars to win a disciple, still less an apostle. The 
world takes no notice of a man until it sees that he is willing to suffer 
and, if need be, die for a cause. If the Student Volunteer Move- 
ment has taught the modern age anything, it is that when you make 


66 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


the Gospel difficult you make it triumphant. Let it be said to the 
credit of this Movement, and even more of the students of the past 
generation, that in response to the Movement’s appeal volunteers have 
not been wanting for the most difficult and most dangerous fields. 

The saddest sight of all is to find a student who has heard the 
call of Christ, and who admits that he ought to yield his life to the 
direction and control of Christ, and still deliberately refuses to do 
so. Such disobedience constitutes the great refusal. It marks the 
beginning of a dwarfed life and of a contracting influence. It was 
said of Robert Burns that he was afraid to stand before Jesus Christ. 
What was the reason? We know not all that held him back, but 
probably he argued, if I confront this Central Figure of the Ages 
with open mind, sensitive conscience and responsive will, it may 
mean that I will have to change my manner of life and also that I 
will have to obey Him and travel His way. And he shrank from 
the implications. He dug the grave of his largest possibilities. God 
grant that years hence it may not have to be said of any of the thou- 
sands of students here that away back in the closing hours of the 
year 1923, in the midst of the Indianapolis Convention, there opened 
before them a great door and that they heard the clear call of Christ 
to commit their lives wholly and irrevocably to Him, but that they 
were disobedient to the Sovereign Voice. . 

It may be that there are some among us who hesitate to make 
a complete surrender to Christ fearing that, should this involve their 
going forth as missionaries, they would not have an adequate mes- 
sage. I am reminded of a question asked me by a student vol- 
unteer at the end of the War. He was planning to go out to India 
as a missionary, and, in taking counsel with me, asked this search- 
ing question, “Do you think we have a Gospel which is really worth 
propagating to India?” In reply I said to him what I would say to 
all in this Convention who may have been at all disturbed by facts 
and comments which they have heard during these days as to un- 
Christian conditions and practices here in so-called Christian Amer- 
ica. “Do not let that delay or deflect you from your purpose; we 
have a Christ who is infinitely worth propagating, not only to India ° 
but to every land under heaven, and there is no corner of the earth 
where the people do not absolutely and urgently need Him.” There- 
fore, let us become more and more faithful in unveiling His face 
through our own lives and words and more and more effective in 
fixing the gaze and the attention of men on Him. We go not forth 
at home or abroad to proclaim ourselves, or our theologies, or our 
denominational differences, or anything short of Christ Himself. 
As we confront men with Him, He will without fail make His own 


THE COMMITMENT OF LIFE 67 


impression. And it will be a profound impression, a transforming 
impression, a lasting impression because a superhuman impression. 

It is both solemnizing and inspiring to remind ourselves again 
of the limitless possibilities of this Convention; yes, and of the life 
of each delegate. It has been my lot to make several visits to Russia, 
the land of the Russian Orthodox Church with its more than one 
hundred million communicants. I have also visited the Balkan 
states, the Near East, and the other lands where we find the various 
other autonomous Eastern Churches. All these Eastern Churches 
have a number of things in common; for example, it is the custom 
for their worshipers to stand during the church services, no matter 
how long these may continue. I can see now the great St. Isaac’s 
Cathedral in Petrograd with its vast enclosure crowded with thou- 
-sands of reverent worshipers. Another thing common to all these 
Eastern Churches is that on Easter Eve, during the hours preceding 
midnight, every communicant member who can do so comes to the 
Church. Thus the Church may be packed to suffocation. Some- 
times when all cannot be accommodated within the enclosure, you 
will find them standing outside beyond the doors and even down 
the narrow streets. That night both within and outside the Church 
all those who can bear an unlighted candle. At the midnight hour, 
beginning with the candles by the altar, the fire is spread from candle 
to candle reaching out even into the streets, and I am told that often 
the worshipers bear their lighted candles back to their homes to 
kindle other unlighted candles which may be waiting there. 

I like to think of our Convention here today with this figure 
in mind. Jesus Christ, the Light of the World, is unmistakably in 
our midst. And He says to us this Sabbath morning as He said to 
His followers gathered around Him centuries ago, “Ye are the light 
of the world.” The title of one of the great sermons of Phillips 
Brooks is “The Candle of the Lord,” based on the text, “The spirit 
of man is the candle of the Lord.” The spirit of each one of us is a 
candle of the Lord. We draw near Him. It may be that the spirit 
of a few among us has never been lighted by Him. It may be that 
with some of us the light has been allowed to become dim, there 
remaining, perchance, only a little ember. We draw near Him to 
be rekindled. With all of us is it not our desire to have the flame of 
our spirit quickened by Him that it may burn more purely, more 
brightly, more intensely? Then we shall go forth to bear our 
torches near and far, to enable Him, through us, to lighten and set 
aflame other spirits in our colleges and universities and in all areas 
of gloom and neglect, of injustice and cruelty, of hatred and strife, 
at home and abroad. 


Q@| Praper 


Davin R. Porter 


O Thou Father of our spirits, forgive us for listening 
to these great messages and making no costly resolves 
to live them out in our lives. We pause in Thy presence 
before we go out from this place. Forgive us for our 
hypocrisy. 

We are not able to think through these great ques- 
tions because of the slothfulness of our minds. 

We are not able to banish war from the world be- 
cause in our daily lives the spirit of war dominates us. 

We are not worthy to carry freedom to the world 
because many of us this morning are shackled hand and 
foot. We can not deceive Thee, our Father now, even 
though we deceive the rest of our delegations here, and 
to this moment have deceived ourselves. 

We are not furnishing help of body or spirit to our 
needy brothers, because we are chained in lives of luxury 
and softness. 

We can not follow in the train of that noble army 
who have gone out in other years from conventions like 
this, because we are tied down by tradition and our wills 
are flabby. 

O Thou giver of all good gifts, give unto this con- 
vention this morning Thy gift of penitence. Just because 
we are so powerless and sinful and conceited we thank Thee 
for the heritage of Thy church, which in spite of us and 
without our help is going forward throughout the world. 
In this closing moment we would put our impoverished 
lives at Thy disposal, asking Thee to use them for the 
strengthening of others more worthy than we, who now at 
this hour, the hour on which our Lord hung on the cross, 
are in His name paying the last full measure of devotion to 
Him, and if it can be Thy will, spare us a little longer that 
we by Thy grace may give ourselves to Thee until Thy 
kingdom come. Amen! 


THE STUDENT VOLUNTEER 
MOVEMENT 


REPORT OF THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE OF THE 
STUDENT VOLUNTEER MOVEMENT FOR 
FOREIGN MISSIONS 


PRESENTED BY JOSEPH C. Roppins, CHAIRMAN 


The past four years have been marked by disillusionment for 
those who had hoped that the World War was being waged to end all 
war, by dismay on the part of statesmen who have seen nations that 
were together drifting apart, and by distress of millions, especially 
in central Europe, the Near East, the Far East, and Russia. 

In our own country it has been a time of readjustment of con- 
ditions and reappraisement of values. The churches have experi- 
enced an unrest in their membership, which is evidenced in theologi- 
cal controversies on the part of some, selfish materialism on the part 
of others and increasing zeal on the part of still others. Many 
official boards of the Churches have experienced financial difficulties 
due to the increased cost of living abroad and the multiplying agencies 
appealing for support at home. Students in Canada and the States 
while questioning as never before the central verities of the Christian 
faith are also insisting on more reality in religion and greater courage 
in following truth, whatever the cost. 

One of the grounds of great hope in the current situation is 
that the past four years in the history of the Student Volunteer 
Movement have been characterized by expansion and adaptation. 
The Executive Committee of seven members has become since 1920 
a committee of thirty members, composed of fifteen undergraduate 
student volunteers, five representatives of Foreign Mission Boards, 
four representatives of the Student Christian Movement of Canada 

69 


70 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


and the Student Association Movements of the United States of 
America, and six members at large. It will be observed at once that 
at least fifteen members, i.e., half of the Committee, must be under- 
graduate Student Volunteers, thus assuring student counsel and 
leadership in all activities and decisions of the Movement. 

The fifteen volunteers on the Executive Committee are chosen 
by the Student Volunteer Council, a body composed of two students 
(a man and a woman) from each of the forty-one Student Volunteer 
Unions in Canada and the United States. Each of these Unions is 
composed of the volunteers in a given area, which may be metropolitan 
centers such as Greater New York, Toronto, or states or provinces 
as Nebraska, or a portion of small states, as the Connecticut Valley. 
Though this fundamental change in the organization of the Move- 
ment was planned in 1919, nearly a year preceding the Des Moines 
Convention, the first meeting of the Student Volunteer Council was. 
not held until February, 1920, immediately following our last 
Quadrennial Convention. Since then it has met annually, to select 
its representatives on the Executive Committee, to review the work 
of the year, and to make suggestions to the Executive Committee in 
matters of policy. The Executive Committee is deeply indebted to 
the Council for its Findings on Missionary Education, on the secur- 
ing and preparing of volunteers, on the Quadrennial Convention, 
on the finances of the Movement, and on the further development 
of democracy within the Movement. In accordance with the Coun- 
cil’s recommendation the Executive Committee has decided to urge 
each volunteer to take a medical examination as soon as possible 
after volunteering so as to correct any physical defects and build up 
a strong constitution before applying for foreign service. In accord- 
ance with the Council’s suggestion various State Unions have ap- 
pointed alumni secretaries to keep in touch with graduate Volunteers 
who are temporarily or permanently hindered. Throughout the year 
Council subcommittees work on problems of the Movement. At 
Association summer conferences Council members constitute a cabi- 
net to counsel with Movement secretaries. In these and other ways 
the Council has deepened a Movement consciousness and has strength- 
ened the Movement’s work. No single fact has done more for the 
development of the work of the Movement than the establishment of 
this Council composed of volunteers who are still students. 

During the past quadrennium there has been a marked growth 
of the Student Volunteer Unions which now number forty-one. Last 
year these Unions conducted thirty-nine conferences with 4,116 
registered delegates. If we include also unregistered attendance it 


REPORT OF THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE 71 


is safe to say that about 10,000 students have heard the missionary 
message at these gatherings annually. These Unions have developed 
deputation work among preparatory schools, churches, hospitals and 
nurses’ training schools. Many Unions publish Bulletins or news- 
letters to stimulate their membership. Twenty-nine Unions have 
during the past year held leaders’ conferences and all the Unions 
are assuming greater responsibility for stimulating missionary inter- 
est in institutions where there are as yet no volunteers for foreign 
service. While the securing of recruits for such service is one of 
the purposes of the Movement, it is only one of the four purposes— 
the others being: 


To awaken and maintain among all Christian students of the United States 
and Canada intelligent and active interest in foreign missions. 

To help all such intending missionaries to prepare for their life-work and 
to enlist their cooperation in developing the missionary life of home churches. 

To lay an equal burden of responsibility on all students who are to remain 
as ministers and lay workers at home, that they may actively promote the mis- 
sionary enterprise by their intelligent advocacy, by their gifts and by their 
prayers. 


The Unions are seeking to promote all these purposes. With a 
view to accomplishing this fourfold purpose more effectively each 
Union has an Advisory Committee composed of the Association secre- 
taries who are responsible for supervision of Association work in 
that area, one or two faculty members, one or two representatives 
of Foreign Mission Boards and a secretary from headquarters. 

During the past quadrennium a majority of the new volunteers 
enrolled in the membership of the Movement attributed their decision 
to, the example and efforts of fellow students who had themselves 
volunteered for missionary service. .This is a striking evidence of 
the fact that the greatest recruiting force in the student field is the 
volunteer who is still in college. 

The Union conferences furnish secretaries of the Movement an 
opportunity to touch representatives of institutions which they can- 
not visit. Thus in a single year traveling secretaries came into con- 
tact with students from 193 institutions which they could not them- 
selves reach. 

The traveling secretaries of the Movement, coming as most of 
them do straight from college or the theological seminary, interpret 
to students in their own language the work of the Movement and 
of the Foreign Mission Boards. Since it is a principle of the Move- 
ment not to have any traveling secretaries who are not actually on 
their way to the mission field, these secretaries have a unique oppor- 


72 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


tunity to challenge their fellow-students to think in terms of the 
world’s needs and to face present-day facts. Perhaps no phase of 
our work more truly represents the purpose and spirit of the Move- 
ment than does the work of these secretaries. 

Each year the staff of traveling secretaries includes one or two 
missionaries on furlough. These bring to the students of our colleges 
their experience from work accomplished abroad and they can speak 
as eye witnesses of the progress and need in foreign lands. Of one 
of these we heard the testimony that he “radiated spiritual power.” 
Of another, the General Secretary of a State University Association 
wrote: “He gave me a larger conception of my job.” This secretary 
has since volunteered for foreign missionary service. A State Stu- 
dent Association secretary writes: “Your secretaries have a wonder- 
ful capacity for understanding and entering into the life and prob- 
lems of students.” 

The Candidate work of the Movement consists in acknowledging 
information forms which are sent in by those who have signed dec- 
laration cards, corresponding with volunteers in order to help 
them in their work of preparation for missionary service, and keep- 
ing in helpful contact with volunteers after they graduate until 
they are appointed to some mission field. The utmost care is exer- 
cised to see that every student understands the significance of signing 
the declaration card before he is enrolled as a volunteer. Personal. 
problems in preparation of volunteers constitute an increasing ele- 
ment in the work of these secretaries. Considerable time is also 
given by the two Candidate Secretaries to correspondence with send- 
ing societies regarding men and women needed in the fields for which 
these societies are responsible. These secretaries also keep in touch 
with detained volunteers enlisting their support through prayer and 
gifts for Christian work abroad. Some of these detained volunteers © 
have been helped into needy fields at home under Home Mission 
Boards. Out of the work of sailed volunteers have come indigenous 
Student Volunteer Movements in several of the larger mission fields. 
The Chinese Student Volunteer Movement had its first National Con- 
ference last August. 

The past four years have witnessed important adaptations in 
the Educational work of our Movement. For some years the promo- 
tion of missionary education by the use of textbooks, generally featur- 
ing the needs and work in a single country, has been increasingly 
difficult. Changes in campus life, in mental attitudes and, it may be, 
in the religious antecedents of present-day students require change 
both in the content of missionary literature and in the educational 


REPORT OF THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE 73 


methods employed. In view of this the Educational Department of 
the Movement has begun a thorough study of principles and methods 
of missionary education best suited to students, calling to its aid 
representatives of cooperating student movements, educational secre- 
taries of church boards, missionaries on furlough, nationals of other 
lands and undergraduate students from different sections of the coun- 
try. The final results of this study will not be available for at least 
another year but enough progress has been made to convince the 
Movement that it must become a pioneer again in seeking to adapt 
the form of our material and our educational methods to the changing 
needs of a new student generation. 

Valuable educational work continues to be done through the 
pamphlets published by the Movement. Recently these have been 
re-studied and with the help of student criticisms re-evaluated. 
Pamphlets which are not of sufficiently recent date or which for 
good reasons no longer meet the needs of students today, have been 
stricken from the list of current publications. Recently the supply 
has been replenished and enriched by a number of new pamphlets. 
One cannot ask for any better index of the Movement’s point of 
view and educational standards for the future. 

The preparation and promotion of discussion courses marks 
another attempt to meet the changing situation. Before the interest 
of students can be won for the Christian enterprise as such, it is 
necessary to awaken an appreciation and interest in the world as a 
whole, and in those problems of human relationship which cut across 
all national, racial and class distinctions. The four discussion courses 
which are so closely related to the four major addresses of the open- 
ing sessions of this Convention, and which have been prepared at the 
suggestion and largely under the direction of our Educational Sec- 
retaries, present a distinct departure from the text-book method. 
The Movement was encouraged in this experiment by the popularity 
of a small discussion course on the Near East prepared immediately 
after the Smyrna disaster. It was evident that this method of pre- 
senting facts and awakening interest in conditions abroad, while not 
ideal perhaps, nevertheless promised to meet the need of students 
better than any method yet employed. One Eastern University re- 
ports fifty discussion groups during the past term—all of which are 
devoting their thought to “International Problems and the Christian 
Way of Life.’ Over 5,000 copies of this single pamphlet have been 
sold within three months to college students. The course on “Racial 
Relations and the Christian Ideal” promises to be even more widely 
used. “Youth and Renaissance Movements’ and “Economic Prob- 


74 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


lems and the Christian Ideal’ have just come from the press. All 
four courses have strong Christian international emphases. If the 
present interest and demand among students is any indication of the 
future use of these courses, we may conclude that they will be very 
widely used throughout this year. 

But while the Movement has been stressing an educational pro- 
gram suited to an extensive cultivation of the student field through 
the promotion of discussion groups, reading courses, posters, forums 
and dramatics, it has been equally ambitious and diligent in empha- 
sizing the more intensive side of missionary education and in pre- 
senting with no adulteration the work of Christian missions and in- 
digenous churches abroad. The pre-convention study pamphlet en- 
titled “The Christian Enterprise Abroad” mailed free to every dele- 
gate of this Convention, is an index of the quality and directness of 
this educational work. There is much misunderstanding among stu- 
dents of the real spirit, aim and character of modern missions. A 
supreme need therefore is a strong educational program which shall 
present a more correct interpretation of the extent, status and prob- 
lems of Christianity the world over, enlisting the intelligent coopera- 
tion and enthusiasm of students in what the Christian churches are 
doing. In this connection the Movement, through its educational 
program and with the help of its membership faces one of its greatest, 
if not its greatest opportunity in the immediate future, namely to in- 
terpret the Christian enterprise in its modern setting to fellow-stu- 
dents and indirectly to insure a more intelligent response to the mis- 
sionary appeal. 

In all this, it must be remembered that apart from education of 
a general kind, the Movement has a peculiar responsibility toward 
Volunteers in imparting information that will guide them in their 
preparation for the service they contemplate in cooperation with 
Christian churches abroad. This is no light responsibility, nor is it 
secondary in our thoughts. The emergence of strong native leader- 
ship and the consequent change in the kind of assistance which for- 
eign workers can best render in countries like India, China and Japan 
make it imperative that only those of highest mental as well as spir- 
itual qualifications shall be sent. In this educational responsibility 
the Movement joins hands with the Candidate Secretaries of the 
Boards. It may be that the increased emphasis in this direction, 
already apparent in the cooperation afforded by the Movement in the 
publication of Dr. Fleming’s recent book entitled “Contacts with non- 
Christian Cultures,’ should be increasingly stressed until it becomes 
the chief. educational activity of the Movement. 


REPORT OF THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE 75 


The request of the last National Student Volunteer Council 
that the Bulletin be increased from four to eight issues for each aca- 
demic year and have as its main purpose the interpretation of the 
missionary enterprise in such ways as shall contribute most to better 
understanding and higher qualifications among Volunteers themselves, 
indicates the progressive attitude of the Movement’s membership. It 
is the hope of the Executive Committee that in the Bulletin we shall 
have a technical publication of high quality, devoted to the presenta- 
tion of those aspects of missionary service and church developments 
abroad which no prospective missionary or intelligent supporter of 
missions can afford not to know. Through the columns of the Bul- 
letin, occasional leaflets and an annual pamphlet for the use of campus 
committees, the Educational Secretaries direct attention to the best 
and most recent literature on foreign countries and especially on the 
religious needs and activities of these countries. The January issue 
contains the Life-service Calls of Home and Foreign Mission Boards. 
A supplement to the “General Bibliography on Missionary Litera- 
ture” issued three years ago has been prepared during the last two 
months by Miss Hering of the Missionary Research Library at the 
request of the Movement, thus supplying the public with a compre- 
hensive up-to-date bibliography of very great value. 

The major responsibility for missionary education among stu- 
dents rests upon the religious organizations of each campus. Our 
function as a movement is to help or stimulate, not to promote or 
control. The recent appointment of a committee on Christian World 
Education by the Council of Christian Associations should increase 
the effectiveness of this cooperation. 

During the past quadrennium several changes have occurred in 
Canada. At the Guelph Conference of Canadian students in Janu- 
ary, I92I, a new Canadian Student Christian Movement was organ- 
ized. and the question was raised at that time as to what should be 
the relation of Canadian Student Volunteers to this Movement. Ac- 
cordingly the Volunteers present at Guelph passed the following 
resolution: 


“The Student Volunteer representatives recommend that the present rela- 
. tionship to the International Student Volunteer Movement be maintained with 
a further development of the Canadian committee, secretaries, and sub-office 
during this year when the opinion of the Student Volunteers of Canada will be 
ascertained. Recognizing how vital is the connection between the missionary 
interests and the other spiritual interests of the college, we would suggest that 
some form of federation be worked out with the Student Christian Movement, 
and that there be mutual representation on the committees in the meantime.” 


76 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


Before the Guelph Conference the Canadian Student Volunteer 
Committee had come into being with headquarters in Toronto. The 
position of the Executive Committee has always been that the Cana- 
dian Volunteers must decide for themselves whether they can better 
serve the Kingdom of Christ by separating from our Movement or 
by remaining a part of it as they have been since the Student Vol- 
unteer Movement came into existence in 1886. On December 27-28, 
1922, a large and representative Convention of Canadian Student 
Volunteers met in Toronto to decide this matter. Only delegates ac- 
credited to this Convention were allowed to vote. After a full and 
frank discussion action was taken with only two or three dissenting 
votes in favor of their remaining a part of the North American Move- 
ment. That action is as follows: 


“That the Conference of Canadian Student Volunteers, while recognizing 
the General Secretary of the Student Volunteer Movement for Foreign Missions 
as head of all the Student Volunteers and accepting all the principles of the 
Student Volunteer Movement, recommend the following modifications of present 
practices in order to meet the Canadian situation. 

(1) Election by Canadians of their own Committee. 

(2) Appointment by the Canadian Committee of their own secretary or 

secretaries who shall be responsible to the Canadian Committee. 

(3) That the Canadian Committee outline and carry out its own program. 

(4) That the Canadian Branch of the Student Volunteer Movement assume 
responsibility for its own budget. 

(5) That the Canadian Secretary be empowered to ‘pass’ on declaration 
cards and forward duplicates of same to the New York office for 
acceptance. 

(6) That in other matters, existing practice be continued subject to adjust- 
ment as necessity may arise between the Canadian Committee and the 
North American Committee of the Student Volunteer Movement.” 


Mr. MacMillan, the Canadian Secretary of the Movement, says 
that “the aim of the Canadian Student Volunteer Committee is to 
cooperate to every possible extent with the Canadian Student Chris- 
tian Movement, while seeking to conserve as much as possible the 
glorious traditions of the Student Volunteer Movement.” We 
heartily welcome the Canadian contingent to our Quadrennial Con-’ 
vention and rejoice that they and we can continue to work together 
for the evangelization of the world. 

Reference should be made in this report to the finances of the 
Movement. The Movement has no endowments or invested funds, 
but depends for its support entirely upon gifts of friends. * During 
the past vear $12,000 were sent in by Student Volunteers in college, 
while the total student contribution exceeded $30,000 (about one- 


REPORT OF THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE 7/4 


third of the annual budget). This reveals how loyally students stand 
behind the Movement in its work. The sum of $1,650 came from 
sailed Volunteers in five-dollar gifts. 


BUDGET FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDING SEPTEMBER 30, 1924 ...... $95,850.00 
The distribution of this amount, worked out on a percentage 
basis, is as follows: 


Salaries: Pct: 
POPOL eTariCSui wets ecisln nema abit Wvda dt a ale daly $35,080.00 36.62 
PMACT ICAL (HOLCE Te Cacti EM rod LiCl anu ay a 25,695.00 26,81 

RENtVand CUPKEEP Saad reesei rea Mie atten 3,800.00 3.06 

Stationery, Supplies and Sundries .............. 1,750.00 1.83 

dexchangerzand «Interests Vapansyyaelesaiaeteree a aie areas 400.00 41 

Mravelino dE x PeNnsesiiee. jue ctemeat netted els 13,000.00 13.57 

Conferences and Committee Meetings........... 2,000.00 2.09 

POSEAO CRE ain Te thtan talc aalat ashe tate a ste ele oie ah eel ar 2,300.00 2.39 

TEA mbOUM TOYA peice t est ya ZU AL Ute Sh LR LA CLR UR High, 2,875.00 2.99 

uhelegramsp ana ml eclephonesrrenelae areola lus 1,240.00 1.29 

FeMeINOaeritren cite ee Wale fe ele wicks tote die ale intlera i ste 1,005.00 1.05 

eiletinu( erent tssttes y cde aye ies Wala 4,005.00 4.18 

Prperacire: Pena eo cist wail Wen reg UR aed te 2,500.00 2.61 

Appropriations—Committee of Reference and 
Counsel and Federation of Woman’s Boards.. 200.00 .20 


$95,850.00 100.00 








The very genius and purpose of the Student Volunteer Move- 
ment brings it into the closest, most vital and most practical relation 
to the churches and to the foreign mission boards of the United 
States and Canada. 

The missionary movement has been a most potent factor in 
widening the vision, deepening the social passion and enriching the 
entire life of the church. The student volunteers in our colleges 
and other institutions have brought the missionary message and appeal 
to the churches first of all by the influence of their life purpose. 
Through the Student Volunteer Conferences and the deputation work 
of the individual volunteers among the churches, and also by litera- 
ture and mission study classes, the student volunteers have kept 
continually before the churches in a fresh and living way the re- 
sponsibility of the church for the evangelization of the whole world. 
This living body of student volunteers continually pressing upon 
the foreign mission boards of the churches has been a very impor- 
tant influence in keeping these mission boards in touch with the 
living, throbbing currents of the life, thought, and ideals of the youth 
of the world. 

While this Movement is a student movement and is therefore 


78 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


most vitally related to the other student movements of the United 
States and Canada, the Student Volunteer Movement exists pri- 
marily to serve the churches of North America, and is absolutely 
loyal to the church. 

One of the main purposes of the Student Volunteer Movement 
is to enroll a sufficient number of properly qualified student vol-. 
unteers to meet the successive demands of the various boards of 
North America, and to help all such intending missionaries to pre- 
pare for their life-work and to enlist their cooperation in developing 
the missionary life of home churches. 

The fact that more than 10,000 student volunteers have see 
gone to the mission fields as missionaries of the churches of the 
United States and Canada makes it clearly evident that the Student 
Volunteer Movement has faithfully met this its most important obli- 
gation. 

The Foreign Mission Boards have during the past quadrennium 
again expressed their confidence in the work of the Movement. At 
the Conference of the Foreign Mission Boards of Canada and the 
United States in 1920 the following action was taken: 


“That the Foreign Missions Conference expresses its deep thanksgiving to 
God for the origin, growth, influence and work of the Student Volunteer Move- 
ment and draws the attention of the leaders of the Movement to the large mis- 
sionary reinforcements required by the programs of the several Forward 
Movements; the Conference pledges its hearty support to the Movement in 
carrying forward the enlarged campaign needed, which campaign should be 
characterized by all the old-time ardor, energy, and directness—while at the 
same time the Movement will continue to call attention to the high order of 
qualifications demanded by the conditions of modern missionary service—which 
the Conference believes were, under God, vital elements in the enlistment of 
the hundreds of men and women, who, in their college days, dedicated their 
lives to the foreign missionary cause and who are now in the front lines of 
that service both abroad and at home.” 


The problem of Christian leadership is the paramount problem 
facing the Christian church today in all its manifold activities at home 
and abroad. In a most important and direct way the future of the 
church of Jesus Christ, and the purity and unselfish character of our 
world civilization depend upon the ability and sacrificial spirit of the 
Christian leadership of this generation. 

The Volunteer Movement has from the first exerted a powerful 
influence on the thinking and policy of the church in this most impor- 
tant matter of Christian leadership. With its primary insistence 
upon the will of God as fundamental in the determination of a life 
purpose and its challenging appeal, “The evangelization of the world 


REPORT OF THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE 79 


in this generation,” the Student Volunteer Movement has been a most 
fruitful agent of the church in securing and inspiring an adequate 
leadership for the church, not only for its missionary service abroad, 
but also for its various forms of home missionary service. The 
Student Volunteer Movement has always emphasized the greatness 
and overwhelming difficulties of the task of world evangelization, 
and has constantly based its appeal on the heroic and sacrificial ele- 
ments in student life. Mr. Mott has truly said: ‘How true this 
was in the pathway of the ministry of Jesus Christ, who ever called 
upon men to count the cost and who never hid His scars to win a 
disciple or a worker. In waging the propaganda of the Volunteer 
Movement on behalf of the great citadels of the non-Christian world, 
countless times we have had proof that if you make the Gospel diffi- 
cult, you make it triumphant.” 

. The foreign missionary movement is now entering upon a new 
and most important phase of its history. The vital seed of pure 
Christianity is already coming to full fruitage in our work in non- 
Christian lands. The indigenous church rather than the mission is 
today the all-important factor in the maintenance and development 
of the Christian movement in these lands. The increasing readiness 
of the churches on the mission field and of their representative bodies 
and Christian leaders to assume full responsibility for the support 
and conduct of all Christian work is most welcome and should be 
encouraged. 

“It has long been generally accepted that the establishment of an indigenous 
church is a primary aim of foreign missions, and that this aim implies the 
development of responsibility and leadership in the Church in the mission field. 
‘The apostles founded everywhere not missions but churches, and made them 
the center of all activities.’ ‘All things are yours.’ Paul or Apollos or Cephas! 
‘Missionaries belong to you; you do not belong to missionaries,’ was the cry 
of that master-builder. What then was the place of the missionary? ‘Our- 
selves, your servants for Jesus’ sake.’ The missionary is the servant, not the 
master of the Church; not lords over God’s heritage, but examples; not masters 


over the faith of the disciples, but helpers.” (Church Missionary Society 
Deputation Report.) 


The voice of the indigenous church will henceforth be the de- 
termining influence in the extension of Christianity in these lands. 
It will in time largely determine the policies of the foreign mission 
boards both in America and in Europe. It will have a decided in- 
fluence in determining the number and qualifications of the mission- 
aries to be sent to these lands. To meet the present situation on the 
foreign field Christianity must become thoroughly indigenous in such 
a way that it can make its full and rightful contribution to every 


80 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


phase of life in the lands to which it has been taken. Christianity 
must not only speak with authority and power to the individual, but 
in a much more emphatic way than ever before must influence the 
life of the nation in all its relationships. The missionary movement 
is not a sponsor of Western civilization or Western Christianity. It 
has, however, implicit faith that the religion of Jesus Christ is today 
the only solution of all individual, national and international prob- 
lems. The Student Volunteer Movement recognizes clearly and 
welcomes most heartily and enthusiastically this new day. The move- 
ment is continually and consistently pressing upon every Student 
Volunteer the implications of the present missionary emphasis with 
its enlarged opportunities and heavier responsibilities and insists that 
only those who are ready and eager to cooperate in the fullest and 
heartiest way with the Christian church and the Christian leaders in 
the foreign mission fields are today qualified for this most exacting 
and important service as foreign missionaries. 

During the past quadrennium our Movement has continued its 
relationship to the Foreign Missions Conference of which it is a 
member. A secretary of the Movement has been serving as Secretary 
of the Federation of Women’s Boards of Foreign Missions of North 
America. The Student Volunteer Movement continues to be one of 
the four bodies which constitute the Council of North American Stu- 
dent Movements. Its General Secretary is a member of the General 
Committee of the World’s Student Christian Federation representing 
the students in lands without national organization. 

Two new relationships have been established during the quad- 
rennium. In October, 1920, the Movement accepted the invitation 
of the Federal Council of the Churches of Christ in America to be 
represented on its Administrative Committee as a consultative mem- 
ber on the same basis as the Foreign Missions Conference. On Feb- 
ruary 24, 1922, the Movement agreed to be represented on the 
Executive Committee of the International Association of Agricul- 
tural Missions. We have also been glad to cooperate with the Home 
Missions Council by listing in the January Bulletin the calls of the 
Home Mission Boards and publishing courses of study on North , 
American problems. For some time the Home Missions Council 
representative on recruiting occupied one of our offices. Later this 
office was used for almost a year by the Student Fellowship for Chris- 
tian Life-Service. It has been a privilege to cooperate thus with 
other organizations which are also deeply interested in the extension 
of Christ’s Kingdom. 

Changes in the personnel of our leadership during the past quad- 


REPORT OF THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE 81 


rennium have been considerable. Dr. John R. Mott, who has been 
chairman of the Executive Committee since the Movement was organ- 
ized in 1888, has resigned and Dr. J. C. Robbins has succeeded him. 
It would be difficult adequately to express what the Movement owes 
to Dr. Mott’s wise, faithful and energetic leadership. President 
J. Ross Stevenson, who served the Movement for twenty-two years 
as its vice chairman, also resigned and was succeeded after a short 
interval by two vice chairmen, Professor Kenneth S. Latourette and 
Dr. W. E. Taylor of Canada. The Movement counts President 
Stevenson among its best helpers and truest friends. Dr. J. Lovell 
Murray, who served for sixteen years as Educational Secretary of 
the Movement, has resigned to become Director of the Canadian 
Schoo! of Missions in Toronto. His service to our Movement is a 
far-reaching and permanent one because of the books which he has 
produced and because of his promotional work in the colleges extend- 
ing over a long term of years. He is succeeded by Milton T. Stauffer 
who prepared the Survey of missionary work in China for the Shang- 
hai Conference last year. Another great loss has been since the Des 
Moines Convention, the resignation of W. P. McCulloch as Business 
Secretary in order to become Assistant Treasurer of Princeton Theo- 
logical Seminary. For sixteen years he has served the movement 
most faithfully and has endeared himself to a host of students by 
his business ability and strong Christian character. He is succeeded 
by Stanhope R. Pier who has been a travelling secretary of the Stu- 
dent Volunteer Movement. 

The Student Volunteer Movement has stood for certain prin- 
ciples which, we believe, have contributed to its success. One is 
that of concentration. Frequently the Executive Committee has been 
asked to widen its activities and to recruit for home as well as foreign 
missionary service. Four years ago such an appeal was made to it 
by the Home Missions Council. After careful consideration the 
Committee decided not to change its policy. This decision was not 
due to any failure on the part of the Committee to realize or appreci- 
ate the needs of home mission fields. Neither was it due to our 
Committee’s belief that foreign service demands a higher type of 
heroism than service in needy fields at home. There are home mis- 
sionaries who endure more hardships than many foreign missionaries. 
But the Executive Committee felt that its present task is more than 
enough to engage all its energies—namely the task of helping the 
foreign mission boards to find a sufficient number of well qualified 
men and women for service abroad. Even if present missionary 
work in other lands were not increased, the approximate number 


82 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


of new missionaries needed each year to replace those who have died 
or who have had to return to Canada and the United States because 
of health or other reasons, would exceed twelve hundred. 

While we rejoice in the growing influence of the church on the 
mission field, it would be most unfortunate for us to be led to expect 
that the need for a much larger number of foreign missionaries no - 
longer exists. The mission boards of the United States and Canada 
must continue to send an adequate supply of fully qualified missionaries 
to assist and stimulate the indigenous churches abroad in their evan- 
gelical ministry, Christian education, home missions and social welfare 
programs. Some of the larger foreign mission boards of North 
America, while clearly recognizing and rejoicing in the growing influ- 
ence and power of the indigenous church, must, if they are to meet 
in full the opportunity and responsibility now pressing upon them 
in the fields for which they are responsible, send out more mis- 
sionaries in the next decade than in the last. In some cases the in- 
digenous church itself has definitely petitioned these boards for 
larger reinforcements than we can hope to send. 

Even in mission fields like China where the indigenous church 
is already supplying able leaders; these very leaders are saying em- 
phatically that for the present there must be no diminution in the 
number of foreign missionaries at work in their country. How shall 
the vast unreached areas of inland China be evangelized in our gen- 
eration unless workers from western lands enter them? The Chi- 
nese Church at present is able to undertake only a limited home mis- 
sionary work. 

In addition to the more advanced fields like China, Japan, Korea, 
South America and India, where there are large areas which the 
indigenous churches in these lands are not yet able to evangelize, 
there are yet unoccupied fields that call for immediate occupation. 

It is tragically true even today that 


“The string of camels come in single file, 
Bearing their burdens o’er the desert sand; 
Swiftly the boats go plying on the Nile, 
The needs of men are met on every hand. 
But still I wait 
For the messenger of God that cometh late. 


“I see the cloud of dust rise in the plain, 
The measured tread of troops falls on my ear; 
The soldier comes the Empire to maintain, 
Bringing the pomp of war, the reign of fear. 
But still I wait 
For the messenger of God that cometh late. 


REPORT OF THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE 83 


“They set me looking o’er the desert drear, 
Where broodeth darkness as the darkest night 
From many a mosque there comes the call to prayer; 
I hear no voice that calls on Christ for light. 
But still I wait 
For the messenger of God that cometh late.” 


The Executive Committee feel the truth of the statement that 
electricity when spread over a brush accomplishes but little; whereas 
the same amount of electricity concentrated at the point of a needle 
quickly burns its way through. The Student Volunteer Council at 
its last meeting reached a similar conclusion in its findings on the 
question of expansion, when it urged the Movement to maintain its 
complete identity and singleness of purpose. 

Along with these clamant calls comes increasing emphasis on 
the raising of standards of qualifications of missionary candidates. 

The National Christian Conference held recently in China empha- 
sized “that only those with large vision and trained in the best that 
the West can give can hope to meet successfully the multitude of 
problems that press upon the Chinese Church in these days of change. 
Hence we here record our appeal. to the various boards of missions 
that they will hereafter send to China men and women of the best 
quality, with large visions, of broad mind, large heart, and if possible 
of large experience and high attainments. The mission work has 
grown larger and needs larger men.” What is true of China is true 
of all the great mission fields. 

The primary aim of the Student Volunteer Movement is not to 
secure Volunteers, but to bring students to such a committal of life 
to God as will enable them to find His will for service whether that 
may be at home or abroad. The declaration of the Movement “It is 
my purpose, if God permit, to become a foreign missionary,” is a 
helpful and arresting challenge which enables a student to search his 
heart and the motives behind life service. It does this by putting 
the burden of proof on the homeland and stating that the pre- 
sumption is in favor of service in foreign lands where Christian 
laborers are fewer and the unreached masses greater than at home. 
Such a challenge makes concrete the test of consecration. Many a 
graduate has testified to the spiritual deepening which came into his 
own religious experience when he honestly faced the declaration of 
the Student Volunteer Movement even though he was not led to sign 
it or to labor as a foreign missionary. 

All earnest disciples of Jesus Christ, who love their brother men, 
whatever their race, color or creed, look out upon the world today 


84 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


with sore hearts and bewildered minds. Great international and 
interracial problems are pressing for immediate solution. James 
Harvey Robinson, in that stimulating book, “The Mind in the 
Making,” has said, “When we contemplate the shocking derange- 
ment of human affairs which now prevails in most civilized countries, 
including our own, often the best minds are puzzled and uncertain 
in their attempts to grasp the situation.” And he adds, “There can 
be no secure peace now, but a common peace for the whole world; 
no prosperity but a general prosperity, and this for the simple reason 
that we are all now brought so near together and are so pathetically 
and intricately interdependent, that the old notions of noble isolation 
and national sovereignty are magnificently criminal.” The world is 
one and we must in some way internationalize the thinking of our 
people against the falseness of smug isolation, insular satisfaction, 
self-consciousness, and self-conceit. As students, we have an addi- 
tional responsibility, because of our intimate and friendly contacts 
with other races, to be apostles of international understanding and 
good will. Along with this new emphasis on internationalism there 
is a growing hatred of war. The utter futility, cruelty, destructive- 
ness and awful waste and wickedness of war together with the abso- 
lute incompatibility of the war spirit with the missionary spirit and 
the Christian ideal are becoming more and more apparent to thought- 
ful leaders of Church and State. “Either civilization must conquer 
war or war will conquer civilization.” 

Another important principle of the Movement is that suggested 
by its Watchword “The evangelization of the world in this genera- 
tion.” The note of urgency struck by this Watchword explains 
much in the life of the Movement. It has deepened loyalty to Christ 
who we believe means that the Christians of each generation should 
do their very utmost to bring His Gospel to the non-Christians of 
their generation. It has strengthened faith in the promises of God 
who willeth not that any should perish, but that all should come to 
a knowledge of the truth. It has awakened hope that the redeeming 
love of Christ can be made known to all peoples in a single genera- 
tion. It has led students to inquire whether the evangel is adequate 
for the solution of present-day problems in all parts of the world, 
or whether there are sections of humanity incapable of appreciating 
and appropriating its message. 

By the evangelization of the world in this generation is not 
meant a superficial proclamation of the Gospel. To evangelize means 
“to permeate with the Spirit of the Gospel.” Our purpose is to 
permeate with the spirit of the Gospel not only individuals, but also 


REPORT OF THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE 85 


society and international relationships. We do not mean by these 
words the Christianization of the world, which must require several 
generations for its accomplishment. Nor do we mean the conversion 
of the world. This is the work of God’s spirit wrought on wills that 
are surrendered to the influence of that Spirit. By our Watchword 
is not meant the civilization of the world. This can only take place 
in full measure after the truth has been widely proclaimed and 
accepted. But by the Watchword is meant such a world-wide proc- 
lamation of the Evangel that every one will have an intelligent oppor- 
tunity to accept it and such a thorough proclamation of the Evangel 
that its spirit will permeate masses of humanity and through these 
changed lives reconstruct society and alter international relationships. 

Moreover, the past two tragic years have led us to see the in- 
creasing scope and urgency of the Watchword. The very life of 
the race is being threatened by great systems, institutions, and move- 
ments—war, economic selfishness and exploitation, race hatreds and 
materialistic philosophies. In the light of these conditions our great 
commission “go ye into all the world and make disciples of all the 
nations . . . teaching them to observe all things whatsoever I have 
commanded you” takes on new and even greater meaning, for it 
involves transforming political, economic and social institutions the 
world around to make them conform to the commands and to the 
spirit of our Lord, and doing it sufficiently in each generation to 
make possible the eventual coming of the day when God’s will shall 
be done on earth as it is in heaven. 

But it may be said, has not a generation passed since the Watch- 
word was adopted? Is it not true that it is still far from being 
fulfilled? Yes, but suppose that instead of a few Christians adopting 
it, it had become the Watchword of the rank and file of the Church, 
might not its realization have become a fact? In the words of A. G. 
Hogg in his book Redemption from this World: “That which God 
lays it upon me here and now to accomplish must be a link in the 
purpose for which the whole cosmos exists. Therefore there must 
lie to my hand the resources necessary for such an achievement; 
if they are not to be found within the barrier which bounds the world 
of ordinary experience, they must be ready to break in from the 
unfathomed deeps beyond.” . . . “Supernatural or redemptive phe- 
nomena involve real breaches of a very practical barrier within the 
natural order, but in their occurrence there is nothing irrational, 
nothing unnatural or incompatible with universal orderliness.” “All 
things whatsoever ye pray and ask for, believe that ye have received, 
and ye shall have them.” The world cannot be evangelized in this, 


86 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


or in any generation without the linking of God’s power to and its 
working through a believing Church. Christ came to give this power. 
His Spirit is still poured out from on high on those who believe and 
obey. Dr. Fleming Stevenson has well said: “There is a Kingdom 
into which none enter but children, in which the children play with 
infinite forces, where the child’s little finger becomes stronger than 
the giant world.” Let us through faith and prayer claim the power 
and perform the task committed by redeeming love to the Christians 
of our generation. 


PROBLEMS IN HUMAN 
RELATIONSHIPS 


HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS AND MODERN 
INDUSTRIALISM 


Paut BLANSHARD 


Secretary for the League for Industrial Democracy, Organizer and Educational 
Director of the Amalgamated Clothing and Textile Workers of America. 


I speak to you as one who went forth from a Student Volunteer 
Convention many years ago and who has spent much time during 
recent years as an active fighter and worker in the American labor 
movement. 

Some half serious jester once remarked that the way to civilize 
an uncivilized nation was to send first a missionary, then a capitalist, 
and then a gunboat. The old-fashioned missionary did not discuss 
very often this relation of himself to the capitalist and the gunboat. 
In this convention we are to face four-square the social as well as 
_ the personal challenge of missions, for the problem of modern indus- 
trialism, for example, is not only related to Christianity but is a vital 
part of the whole Christian problem. | 

Modern industrialism has transformed the world since the first 
Christian leader left American shores with a Christian message. It 
has given us the railroad, the steamboat, the sky-scraper, the radio, 
the telephone, the Bessemer steel process and the airplane. We here 
in America occupy the apex of this great development of modern 
industrialism. We build the greatest sky-scraper; we have the 
biggest millionaires; we construct the greatest locomotives; we have 
the largest headlines about football games; we kill the most pigs; 
we can kill a pig and make him into canned sausage in thirty minutes. 
Behind this building fifty-seven stories high, the greatest in the world, 
stands a great architectural and financial genius, and beneath it are 

87 


88 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


the bodies of girls who have worked in the five and ten cent stores 
for five and eight dollars a week. These great locomotives that we 
build are sometimes made in shops where men haven’t even the right 
to belong to a union, and the men down there in the pit of the 
slaughterhouse in our great stockyards who kill pigs have nothing 
to say concerning the control of the factories in which they work. 

What has modern industrialism done to human life? It has 
created wealth, more wealth than ever existed in the world before, 
but how has it distributed that wealth? Go to Peking or Shanghai 
or Bombay or New York or Indianapolis and look at the two ends 
of these cities—Fifth Avenue and the East Side, poverty and wealth. 
In Japan ninety-two per cent of the people get less than $250 a year. 
In China, 300,000 workers are averaging thirty-seven cents a day. 
In India the common laborers are getting from eight to fourteen 
cents a day. In the last steel strike in the United States, the Inter- 
church World Movement stated that seventy-two per cent of the 
steel strikers received less than a minimum of comfort wage. The 
Industrial Relations Commission of President Wilson declared that 
one-third to one-half of the workers of this, the richest country in the 
world, are not yet getting a living wage. 

I have fought in strikes with Italian workers who’ ate spaghetti, 
water and bread for weeks and then went back to work and ate the 
same things because their wages were so low. The workers of China — 
live on a little corn and a little rice and a little warm water to wash 
it down. 

These things mean human things. They mean that fifty-seven 
per cent of the babies in Cawnpore die in their first year, that is, the 
babies of the working class. They mean that the babies of the work- 
ers in America don’t have the best milk and don’t live in decent 
houses. They mean that the children of the workers in every land 
rarely get to college. Even if they should get to college, we still would 
ask ourselves this question: “Has human intelligence the moral right 
to develop a social system in which there are people on top who have 
ten times as much as they need and people on the bottom who haven’t 
enough to eat?’ So to-day people point at them and say, “We are 
intelligent—they are not.” 

In this modern industrialism there are millions of workers walk- 
ing the streets. All they ask for is the privilege of making shoes 
and clothes. There are other millions who need clothes and shoes. 
Those who want to make clothes and shoes often lack the chance 
to work because under our industrial system they can not produce 


MODERN INDUSTRIALISM 89 


things for human need unless in addition they produce them for the 
private profit of some individual investor. 

I have seen men come to the union office, day after day, week 
after week, looking for work. I have seen them day by day, a little 
more dirty, a little more unshaven, a little more broken down. I have 
seen men go insane from the insanity of unemployment. I have 
seen homes destroyed by the horror, the snarling horror of the unem- 

‘ployed father. These men that are walking the streets, holding out 
their hands for work, sometimes look through club windows, and 
see other men sitting in comfortable chairs also unemployed, only 
those men behind the club windows are not holding out their hands 
for work. 

Some people say that this system of modern industrialism 
causes war, because when you invest dollars in foreign markets, you 
establish economic imperialism, and as the flag follows the dollar, 
so the military spirit follows the flag. 

Woodrow Wilson pointed out during the last war that the cause 
of that war was the search of great nations for foreign markets. 
The men who died in that war died for the noblest ideals in the 
world, but modern industrialism made a joke, a ghastly joke of their 
death, because it had no place for their ideals. . 

This system of modern industrialism ties men down to the ma- 
chine. JI remember seeing men in the knit goods factories in New 
York, when I tried to organize them. Here would be a man who 
had worked two years at that knitting machine, pushing the handle 
up and down—fairly lithe, fairly erect, with life in his face. And 
here would be a man who had worked five years at the machine, push- 
ing the handle up and down. Only he was a little more stooped, a 
little more lined. And here would be a man who had worked twenty 
years at the machine, broken down, his face lined with care, vacancy 
there. And beyond him would be a scrap pile of old yarn. That is 
what the machines do to men in modern industry. 

I was a seam presser for just a little while, and pressed two 
seams in the back of a coat before it was turned right-side out. We 
don’t make coats in the modern clothing industry. We press seams, 
or we sew on a button, or we make welts on pockets, or put canvass 
under collars—we don’t make clothes, and we do these things for 
twenty and thirty years. 

But to me the most serious indictment against modern indus- 
trialism is this, that it denies to men human freedom. I have talked 
to groups of workers, not as large as this, but like this, aspiring for 
the same great ideals in life that you aspire to for the world. But 


go CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


in American industry, and in most industry throughout the world, 
men are denied the freedom which makes the realization of these 
ideals possible. 

I think that if Jesus had worked in the modern factory He might 
have been discharged as an agitator, for He would stand firmly for 
the rights of the working class. For after all, the workers don’t 
own the walls of the factory in which they work, they don’t own 
the machines. Some man can tell them when to come and when-to 
go. They are part of the machine itself. They are bought and sold 
like cakes of soap and sacks of flour. And when they fight for their 
rights, even after they have been working for twenty and thirty 
years, some other man has the authority to say to them, “You have 
got to get out of here. We don’t want any agitators in this plant.” 

In Japan they are sending labor leaders to jail because these 
men are fighting for a decent wage. I have been in strikes in this 
country in America where every one of us leading the strike was 
either sent to prison without a trial by jury or shipped out of the 
city without a warrant of arrest, because we stood for the right of 
people to belong to an organization. 

Now it is easy to point out faults in any system. It is tre- 
mendously more difficult to suggest possible ways out.. I do not 
wish to speak this afternoon in terms of principles or programs, 
because there are as many principles and programs as there are 
human beings here. I want to talk in terms of illustrations. We 
all earnestly seek a way out. How shall we find that way? 

First, let me refer to what one great Christian employer has 
tried to do, Seebohm Rowntree of the great chocolate works of 
York, England. I might give an illustration nearer home, right here 
in Indianapolis, where we have the Columbia Conserve Company, if 
I were more familiar with it. Seebohm Rowntree says that if we 
are going to solve the problems of modern industrialism the em- 
ployers must stand for five great planks in an industrial platform. 
First of all, a living wage. “If you can’t run a factory,” he says, 
“and pay living wages, then close it down, or have the government 
set a time beyond which industry shall not be allowed to operate with 
wages below a living standard.” 

Second, the eight hour day. 

Third, Rowntree believes that the employers must bear the 
risk of unemployment. He says that capitalism is in an absolutely 
indefensible position so long as it does not bear the risks of unem- 
ployment. The investor risks his money; the worker often risks his 
life. And when he has worked for twenty, thirty or forty years in 


MODERN INDUSTRIALISM gt 


a modern factory, it is the duty of the employer to guarantee that 
man against future unemployment. He himself has provided in his 
own factory an unemployment fund, and an old age fund, in order 
that the workers in his industry shall be protected both against unem- 
ployment and against the poverty of old age. 

In the fourth place, Mr. Rowntree believes that the employers 
should agree to a fair measure of joint control over industrial rela- 
tions. He is not opposed to the unions. He recognizes them. He 
says, “I am glad to cooperate with organized labor.” In his plant 
there are workers’ councils, composed half of workers, and half of 
employers, with impartial men to see that the law of reason applies 
to the hiring and the firing of workers and to the industrial condi- 
tions in his plants. 

Finally he stands for a measure of cooperative ownership in 
his industry. So much for an employer. 

Now we in the labor field like to see great Christian employers, 
but we say this: we are not contented with the personal kindness of 
a Christian employer. We want the power to say to that employer, 
“You must treat us right whether you are Christian or not.” We 
want the power to compel industry to treat workers decently. And 
so my second illustration is taken from the clothing industry of our 
own country. 

Here we have on one side 200,000 workers in the Amalgamated 
Clothing Workers, and on the other side we have great employers’ 
associations including the biggest firms in this country, Hart, Schaff- 
ner and Marx, Hickey-Freeman, Stein Block, Kuppenheimers, and 
many others, making almost all of the high quality clothing that is 
made for men in America. These two great sides have gotten to- 
gether and signed agreements, and they say in these agreements, 
which are in force in Chicago, Rochester and other cities, “We won’t 
lock you out. We won’t go on strike. We will try to solve the 
problems that rise between us by reason.” Under the terms of these 
agreements by the law of reason, they will hire an impartial chair- 
man and the union will pay half of his salary and the manufacturers 
will pay half of his salary, and when they try to fire a man in the 
plant just because he does not like the boss, that man can go before 
this industrial court, and the industrial court can say to the employer, 
“What have you against this man?” and to the workers, “What have 
you got in favor of this man?” and if he has been wrongfully dis- 
charged, he goes back to work with back pay for lost time. 

In wages, in hours, in protection of the worker inside of the 
shop, we have in the American clothing industry what has been re- 


Q2 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


garded by many experts as the most forward looking Christian scheme 
that is in operation in industry anywhere. But this scheme has been 
launched and developed and nurtured chiefly by Jews. 

And then I want to use a larger illustration. There is a great 
labor movement in England today that has over a hundred and eighty 
representatives in the House of Commons. The British labor move- 
ment is inspired in large measure and largely led by men who have 


come out from the ranks of the Christian church. Many of them | 


were former preachers and still are preachers, men who are attempt- 
ing to put the ideals of Christianity in operation in a great labor move- 
ment. And this party says, “We are not willing to stand merely for 
collective bargaining. We are not willing to stand merely for good 
employers, but we want to stand for a social order in which there 
shall be a chasm between rich and poor no longer; for a social order 
in which there shall be no longer a privileged class in England, own- 
ing property and getting a living from that property without work- 
ing.” 

And so the British Labor Party, led not only by workers but 
by some of the great intellectual and social thinkers of the world, 
men like Bernard Shaw, Sidney Webb, H. G. Wells and J. A. Hobson, 
this party is fighting for a new social order, not by dynamite, not 
by the dictatorship of the proletariat, but by the development of the 
workers as a great democratic force to establish a social order based 
on law and on public will. 

Here are the illustrations, now what is the challenge to us? 

First of all, I think we must realize that this is a world prob- 
lem, that if I could go out and organize the silk workers of Pater- 
son, N. J., it wouldn’t do much good, if the silk workers of China 
were working seven days a week, as they are. That is, it wouldn’t 
do much good in the long run. We will never save the coal miners 
of the United States in the long run while the coal miners of Great 
Britain are getting $10 a week, as they are. More real than the 
League of Nations is this great league of economic power, the league 
of modern industrialism. It transcends all boundaries and sends in- 
vestments to every corner of the world, and we can’t save the people 
who are oppressed by that system, unless we save them as a whole, 
unless we save the world as a whole. 

I picked up a book the other day, and maybe you have read it. 
It had this title, “Unoccupied Mission Fields.” I’d like to put that 
on a sign and hang it on the silk factories of China, on the textile 
mills of North Carolina, on the Five and Ten Cent Stores of Indian- 
apolis, on the New York Stock Exchange. I’d like to hang that on 


CHRISTIANITY AND RACE RELATIONS 93 


the doors of some of our Christian churches, because the church has 
been all too slow in realizing that there is such a thing in the world 
as a social system which can damn men’s souls before they are born. 

Eight years ago in a Massachusetts town at a meeting of Italian 
textile strikers, I stood on a kitchen table in a great hall and ad- 
dressed the men. I told those laborers, “You ought to go back to 
work and accept the five per cent increase that the employers have 
offered you.” On the other end of the kitchen table there jumped 
up a leader of the I. W. W. and he pointed his finger at me, and he 
said, “Don’t pay any attention to that man. He comes from the 
church. He has white hands.” 

There are men pointing the finger at you today, from the work- 
ing groups of Japan and China and India and America, and they 
are saying, “Have you white hands?” You have come here to this 
Convention to learn the way of Jesus. Jesus didn’t use His knowl- 
edge to get rich. Jesus fought and worked with the workers. Jesus 
didn’t play safe. 


RACIAL RELATIONS AND CHRISTIAN BROTHERHOOD 


Wiis J. Kine 


President of Gammon Theological Seminary, Atlanta, Ga. 


One of the most difficult problems in our world today is that 
commonly known as the race problem. Fundamentally it is the 
problem of human relationships, aggravated and intensified by dif- 
ferences of race, language and customs; for wherever you find as 
many as two people attempting to live together you have a prob- 
lem. 

Perhaps we have all heard of the Quaker who said to his wife, 
“Mary, everybody is a little queer except thee and me, and sometimes 
thou art a little queer,” meaning, of course, that everybody was a 
little queer but himself. 

The problem that individuals have in living together comes 
from each insisting that all other people must accept his point of 
view and live his life. When this is brought into the realm of race 
relations, it all but makes living together impossible, for whatever the 
theory, the fact is that the question of the races is the most pressing 
question of the present time. 

This is true from whichever angle we view it, whether racial, 


04 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


national or international. There are a great many people who say 
that the next great war is already in the making, and that it will be 
a race war, and that in comparison the recent World War will hardly 
be a circumstance in the ferocity with which the struggle will be 
waged, and the ruin and destruction that will result from this battle 
of the races. ; 

The majority of the most liberal minded people in our country 
approach this subject from the narrow viewpoint of our own racial 
situation here in the United States of America. With us it is a 
question of how 90,000,000 of whites will be able to handle 12,000,- 
ooo of Negroes so as to give them certain basal rights and privileges, 
and yet retain what some organizations call bluntly “white suprem- 
acy.” But what all of us must realize is that our world is filled 
with millions of folks of different hues and languages and customs, 
and our problem is to find the way for these diverse types to live 
together in some degree of harmony. 

I think Lothrop Stoddard has done us a real service in one 
respect, in that he has set forth in concrete and graphic terms this 
most difficult of the world’s problems. Incidentally, he has laid bare 
the cold-blooded policy on which mankind has been disposed to pro- 
ceed in his determination to exploit other peoples since the cave man 
struggled with the cave bear for existence. His philosophy is the 
old law of the jungle, the survival of the fittest. 

As over against his attitude we have the view of a number of 
negro writers. Take this from Dr. Du Bois’ book, entitled “Dark- 
water,’ for example: “What then is this dark world thinking? It 
is thinking that wild and awful as this shameful war was, it is nothing 
to compare with that fight for freedom which black and brown and 
yellow men must and will make unless their oppression and humilia- 
tion and insult at the hands of the white world cease. The dark . 
world is going to submit to its present treatment just as long as it 
must and no longer.” 

Nor is one’s anxiety relieved when he reviews the situation in 
our own country. For example, we have this from the Imperial 
Wizard of the Ku Klux Klan in an address delivered to the Knights, 
Klokards, Klabus, Cyclops, Grand Dragons and others of that mys- 
terious Invisible Empire, “Without being unkind or unjust, this 
problem of a melting pot is made many times more difficult 
by reason of the fact that we have at least three powerful and 
numerous elements that do now, and forever will defy every funda- 
mental requirement of assimilation. They can not be merged be- 
cause of insurmountable social, racial and religious barriers. They 


CHRISTIANITY AND RACE RELATIONS 95 


will always stand apart from our own people.” He then refers to 
the Negroes, Jews and Catholics by name. 

Over against this position of the Ku Klux Klan is the rising 
race consciousness on the part of Negroes. They resent bitterly the 
methods used by many of the dominant race to keep the “Negro in 
his place.” One of the greatest causes for apprehension on the part 
of a number of Negro leaders is the rising spirit of hatred on the 
part of Negroes. The Negro, who has been so cheerful, so buoyant, 
and so good-natured, and who was disposed to take everything as it 
came, is learning to hate, and that, to our mind, is one of the most 
serious elements in our problem here in America. 

It does not take a prophet to see what the outcome will be. 
We have had intimations in the bloody riots which took place in 
Washington, Chicago, and Tulsa. How shall we meet this grave 
issue of racial relations? Shall we establish here another Turk- 
ish Empire, where pogroms and massacres will be the order of 
the day, and minorities will have no rights worthy of the name, but 
must be exterminated or deported? It hardly meets the issue to 
say that if the arbitrament of the sword is ever resorted to, the domi- 
nant race need have no fear, due to its overwhelming superiority in 
numbers, resources and intellectual advancement. That has been 
Turkey’s way of handling a similar situation for all the centuries, and 
with what tragic results. 

Is America attempting the impossible when she endeavors to 
build a nation of the most diverse races of the earth? Is there no 
possibility of amity and good-will among the racial groups, who must 
live together in this country? Must there be hatreds and blood- 
spilling forever? I would suggest to you a more excellent way. It 
is neither new nor original with me, and yet it has never been tried 
on any broad scale in the matter of race relationships. It is the way 
of Jesus. It is the way of love. But by love I do not mean a nega- 
tive, colorless thing; not a love that simply bears and suffers and 
hopes and endures; but a positive, forward-looking, mountain-climb- 
ing passion for human brotherhood. Not a one-sided proposition, 
but a joint enterprise, where youthful crusaders, white, yellow, red, 
black, and brown, forget the things that are behind—the prejudices, 
the traditional dislikes, and even hatreds—and stretch forward to the 
goal which is before—namely, Christ’s conceptton of human brother- 
hood. 

Admittedly our difficulty comes in applying this wonderful ideal 
in practical life. It is the more difficult when it is remembered that 
our racial attitudes were formed in the long ago, and were diamet- 


96 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


rically opposed to the principles set forth by Jesus. But it was this 
very similar situation which Jesus faced at every new statement of 
His kingdom ideals. The acceptance of His viewpoint meant a com- 
plete change in the existing order. He came to “turn the world 
upside down.” And so while we admit the difficulty in Christianiz- 
ing race relations, we, nevertheless, believe it possible, and so would 
suggest the following ways in which the Christian ideal ought to be 
evidenced in our race relations: 

First, human personality should be regarded as sacred. That 
means, of course, that lynching will have to go. Without doubt 
America is the greatest sinner when it comes to this lack of regard 
for human life. I quote from an article in the Christian Work, 
written by Dr. Sherwood Eddy: “Since 1885 we have put to death 
over 4,096 by lynching and mob violence, or an average of two a 
week, or over one hundred every year. This is not a sectional matter, 
as all but five states of the Union have been implicated. Has any 
nation in the world such a record? During the writer’s life in Asia, 
in twenty-five years, he never knew of a case of lynching in Japan, 
China, India, or the lands where he has worked. He has not met 
with lynching in Europe. It is not practiced in South America. In 
the British Empire, where the whites are outnumbered more than 
five to one, or in the West Indies, where they are outnumbered 
twenty to one, the writer has never known of a single case of 
lynching.” 

I cannot believe that Americans who have not gone abroad can 
appreciate the criticism that is heaped upon our country by this bar- 
barous practice of lynching. I have in mind particularly an experi- 
ence of mine in Shanghai, China. A group of Chinese girls had 
invited me to speak to them in the Y. W. C. A. building one evening, 
and I remember talking on the subject of human brotherhood and 
the need of the various groups of the world coming to a better under- 
standing and appreciation of one another. At the close of the ad- 
dress these young women inquired if they might ask questions, and 
I consented. They ignored practically everything I had said, and 
began to ask me questions like these: “Why do they lynch your 
people in America? Why don’t they stop? We thought Americans 
were Christians.” Well, it was exceedingly embarrassing and I 
couldn’t make a very satisfactory answer. My chagrin was deep- 
ened when the next morning I picked up a newspaper and read of 
four lynchings in my own home state. 

If we are to have the respect of the other peoples of the world, 
we simply must find a way to stop lynchings. The work of Chris- 


CHRISTIANITY AND RACE RELATIONS 97 


tian missions abroad has not been helped by lynching. In the arti- 
cle from which I quoted above, Dr. Eddy quotes Tagore, the great 
Indian writer, as saying, “As long as lynching continues to take place 
in America, I do not think the American people have enough brother- 
hood to warrant their exporting it.” 

A second evidence of our Christianity and our acceptance of the 
ideas of Jesus must be found in a recognition of the fact that each 
group has a distinct contribution to make to the life of the whole. 
At Peking we spoke of the fundamental equality of the races. This 
does not mean that we are to ignore their manifest differences, or 
the belated development of some in comparison with others. It sim- 
ply means that each racial group has a contribution to make to the 
total life of the human race, without which mankind will be pro- 
portionately less symmetrical in its development. 

I was walking down the street in New Orleans recently. A 
friend was with me and he saw a man pushing a banana cart. He 
said, ‘Look at that ‘dago’ yonder.” I began to think of some “dagoes”’ 
that I had known something about. I thought of Christopher Colum- 
bus who got a wild notion in his head that there was a nearer route 
to India, and set sail after he got the permission and the money from 
those who believed in his dream. Finally he bumped into these shores 
over here. I wonder if it had not been for his wild dream where 
the rest of us would have been by this time. Just a “dago,” that 
is all. 

Then I have heard of “sheenies,” and I have thought of Moses 
and all that wonderful galaxy of men whom we study in our Old 
Testament. “Sheenies,” that is all! I wonder how we would have 
gotten along without them. 

We of the Negro race sometimes wonder if the other groups in 
America realize the contribution we have made and are making to 
American life. I wonder what America would do without the Negro’s 
gift of humor and song, or his cheerfulness under the most distress- 
ing circumstances. I wonder if the Irishman and the Negro were 
out of it how in the world you would have a chance to enjoy your- 
selves. 

We are happy to make our contribution to your enjoyment. 
We want you to recognize it as a real contribution and to realize that 
perhaps there are other phases of life to which we also can contribute. 

What I have said of the Negro can be said with equal force of 
other racial groups in America who are regarded as aliens. When 
the fundamental equality of each racial group is recognized our 
epithets will be a thing of the past. Instead of “sheeny,” “chink” 


98 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


and “nigger” we shall be Americans all, each doing his share toward 
making America a blessing to the rest of the world. 

. Then there is the recognition of the fact that the salvation of 
one race is bound up in the salvation of all. Dr. Melden, President 
of New Orleans College, in his book, “From Slave to Citizen,” gives 
an interesting illustration which will help to clarify my thought here. 
A Negro washer-woman comes to the home of the lady for whom 
she does laundry work, to get her clothes, as is the custom quite 
largely in the Southland. The lady of the house protests because of 
the presence of diphtheria in her home. “Jane,” she says, “you need 
not take the clothes this morning, because our two children have 
diphtheria.” ‘Oh, never mind, Miss Mary,” says Jane, “my children 
had diphtheria two weeks ago, and the fact that your children have 
it now offers no risk to my family.” The truth about it is that Miss 
Mary’s children caught diphtheria from Jane’s children. There 
would have been no diphtheria in Miss Mary’s home if Jane’s home 
had been protected. You simply cannot take care of Miss Mary’s 
home without taking care of Jane’s. All the safeguards thrown 
around one group ought be given to all others. 

There also must be the recognition of the fact that all men are 
brothers. From what I have said in the preceding paragraph, one 
might get the impression that the interracial ideal had reached its 
highest expression in the granting on the part of a dominant race to 
a subject or backward race some of the advantages and comforts of 
civilization. Nothing is further from the truth. The fundamental 
basis on which the races in this country, or any other country, can 
build an enduring program of harmonious relations is not merely a 
matter of one group’s bestowing upon another better educational 
facilities, well-paved streets, improved sanitary conditions—these are 
the inevitable outcroppings of right racial relations; but it goes much 
deeper than that. It is a recognition of the oneness of the human 
family. It is the acceptance of the principle of the Fatherhood of 
God, and the Brotherhood of all men. 

The reason it is so easy to discriminate against one man, the 
reason it is so easy to impose burdens upon him that you would not 
impose upon another, is that you somehow ease your conscience by 
imagining that he is not in the same category with the rest of the 
folks, and so you really aren’t committing a great crime when you 
discriminate against him, and when you inflict things upon him that 
you would not inflict upon other people. 

There is no question that is to come before us here that is more 
important than this problem of the races. America has a wonderful 


CHRISTIANITY AND RACE RELATIONS 99 


opportunity to help the world in this problem. The world is looking 
to America for light and leading, but America can give no light and 
leading on this problem until she has settled it right herself. Your 
foreign missionary enterprise must absolutely fail unless you can 
solve this race problem here at home, because you bump right into it 
all around the world; and unless somehow we can come to grips with 
this, the most difficult problem in all the world, and settle it here, and 
settle it right, our missionary enterprise will become a farce all around 
the world. 


RACIAL RELATIONS AND CHRISTIAN BROTHERHOOD 


ig Pd Wye) 


General Secretary Chinese Students’ Christian Association of North America 


Since coming to America I have made a very profound discovery, 
profound in the sense that it reveals to me the heart of America. 
Professor King, in fact, has referred to it in his speech. I refer to 
the excessive fondness of the American people for applying names 
to alien peoples. For instance, instead of calling an Englishman an 
Englishman, you call him sometimes a “limey.”’ Instead of calling a 
Frenchman a Frenchman you sometimes call him a “froggey.” 
You speak of “greasers,” “dagoes,” “wops,” “polacks,”’ “gringos,” 
and, of course, the oriental races come in for a share of your ex- 
uberant spirit. And so we are known as “Japs” and “Chinks.” As 
for myself, when I hear a stranger accosting me on the street, “Hello, 
Charlie; where is your laundry?” I keep silence; and when another 
man comes to me and says, “How is this heathen Chinee today?” I 
try to maintain my heathen equanimity of spirit. But when a man 
comes to me and says, “How is the chink?” then it is with great dif- 
ficulty that I maintain my Christian virtue of patience. I feel like 
retorting in the way that our great ambassador, Wu Ting Fang, once 
did when, after a brilliant address in this country, he was accosted 
by a man in such words as these, ‘““What are you?) A Chinee or a 
Japanee?” With that flash of his quick wit for which he was well 
known, he replied, ‘““Let me ask, What are you? A Yankee, a donkey 
or a monkey?” 

To be sure, these nicknames which you apply to people of other 
races may mean nothing in particular. Sometimes they may even 
be terms of endearment. But, unfortunately and as a general rule, 


100 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


they indicate an attitude of mind not nobler than contempt and an 
assumed sense of superiority. No wonder you meet in return resent- 
ment and racial antipathy. 

Now in the first place this attitude of mind as revealed by this 
excessive fondness for nicknames is based upon ignorance. For do 
you know the people of Italy whom the “dago” represents? Was not 
Michael Angelo also a “dago” and Dante a “wop’? As for the 
Chinese, do you know anything about Chinese culture, Chinese his- 
tory, Chinese civilization? Was not Confucius also a “chink”? As 
an illustration of almost hopeless ignorance about people other than 
one’s own, I recall how a very refined and elderly American lady 
once approached me and said, “Do you people in China eat rats?” 
In great deference to her age, though not to her refinement, I said to 
her as politely as I knew how, “It seems to me different peoples have 
different tastes, for in America I note how very fond of eating dogs 
you are—hot dogs.” 

In the second place, race prejudice is directly engendered and 
fostered by politicians and politically controlled papers in this country. 
If you read the great work on Chinese immigration on the Pacific 
Coast, by Prof. Mary Coolidge, you will know how true this is. In 
those exciting days of anti-Chinese sentiment on the Coast, eight 
times in fourteen years anti-Chinese legislation was passed, in every 
case except one on the eve of some political election. Today the 
same thing is happening in the Pacific states against another oriental 
people. 

To show how low politicians are willing to stoop in order to 
stir up race prejudice for selfish aims, let me read to you this descrip- 
tion of my people which was given as the testimony of a public official 
of San Francisco before a Congressional Committee in 1876: “The 
Chinese people are inferior to any race God ever made—their people 
have got the perfection of crime of four thousand years—I believe the 
Chinese have no souls to save, and if they have, they are not worth 
saving.” 

In the third place, race prejudice is based upon a fallacy, a mis- 
taken theory of race superiority. Anthropologists and ethnologists 
all agree that racial traits and strains in the world today are so 
inextricably mixed up that you can not tell which is which. No less 
an authority than Ratzel, the famous ethnologist, said, “There is only 
one race, whose differences are many but not deep.” 

In spite of this testimony, you find a recrudescence of the theory 
of racial superiority, claimed by certain: biologists and certain pub- 
licists in America. I refer to men like Madison Grant and Lothrop 


CHRISTIANITY AND RACE RELATIONS IOI 


Stoddard, who are championing the threatened greatness of the so- 
called Nordic race. 

This theory is not new. Long before the American advocates 
took it up, a Frenchman by the name of Gobineau in the middle of 
the nineteenth century said that there was one supremely great race 
from whom all civilization sprang. He called it the Aryan race and 
identified it with the Teutonic peoples of Central Europe. No wonder 
the French people did not like Gobineau’s theory very much, but the 
Germans swallowed it entire, and as Edward A. Steiner wrote in a 
recent number of the Christian Century, “It will take them a long 
time to recover from the severe case of megalomaniac dyspepsia which 
it gave them.” How these advocates of racial superiority can push 
their theory to ludicrous extremes, appears in the following passage 
from Mr. Madison Grant’s recent book. Notice what he said about 
the greatness of Jesus Christ as being due to the Nordic blood in 
him. Where it came from he did not say. This is what he wrote: 
“The Gods of Olympus were almost all described as blond. It would 
be difficult to imagine a Greek artist painting a brunette Venus. In 
church pictures all angels are blond, while the denizens of the lower 
regions revel in deep brunetteness.”’ “In depicting the crucifixion, no 
artist hesitates to make the two thieves brunette in contrast to the 
blond Savior.” (I wonder whether there was any differentiation of 
hue in the two thieves, for one, as you know, died penitent and the 
other impenitent.) “This is something more than a tradition, for 
the traditions strongly suggest his Nordic physical and moral at- 
tributes.” Theologians ought to take note of this contribution of 
biology. 

In the fourth place, aside from the fact that race prejudice is 
due to ignorance, stirred up by political influence, and based upon 
the false theory of racial superiority, race prejudice is due to that 
paganism which still lingers in the Western World after 2,000 years 
of the influence of Christianity. 

Listen to these great words that have come down the ages from 
the hills of Galilee and from the coasts of Asia Minor: “God has 
made of one blood all the nations to dwell on the face of this earth.” 
“Tn the new nature there is no room for Greek and Jew, circumcised 
and uncircumcised, barbarian, Scythian slave or free, for Christ is 
everything.” “Whosoever doeth the will of my Father, the same is 
my mother, my brother, and sister.” “Go and make disciples of all 
nations.” 

Those are great words. Sometimes we who belong to a non- 
Christian civilization, we who come from a non-Caucasian race, some- 


102 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


times, I say, we outside of Christendom have our hearts filled with 
pity when we see Christians in it struggling between two incom- 
patible ideas in their minds: on the one hand, the great idea of the 
brotherhood of man; on the other, a presumption of racial superiority. 
On the one hand, the teaching to love all men as thyself, on the other 
pride and prejudice. You have a moral disharmony in your hearts 
which we don’t have and you have to overcome it in order to be 
Christians in truth. 

It is a very difficult question, for race prejudice springs pri- 
marily from the instinctive reaction of man against whatever is 
strange and unknown. We naturally dislike anything that we are not 
accustomed to. But are we going to let our instincts born of the 
jungle days, those instincts of fear, dominate in our human relation- 
ships, or the principles of Christ? How are we to overcome our 
racial prejudice and cultivate better fraternal relationships between 
the different races? 

I would commend to you the advice of Bishop Brent, that great 
Christian statesman whom America sent to the Philippines and the 
Far East some years ago. Bishop Brent said once, “We can not 
know the meaning of the word ‘fraternal’ until we have learned the 
meaning of the word ‘filial.’ Let us build then the fraternal, this 
human brotherhood upon the filial, upon our sonship in Christ.” I 
see no other way to overcome race prejudice. I see no other way 
to build up human brotherhood except first of all by learning to 
appreciate our sonship through Christ. 

The question before us today is not how can we remove race 
prejudice, but can Christianity remove race prejudice? In the words 
of a Japanese, “If in two thousand years Christianity has failed in 
that task, then we must look around for something that will work 
better.” Shall we say Christianity has failed and tell the non-Chris- 
tian peoples to look around and find something that will work better? 


RACIAL RELATIONS AND CHRISTIAN BROTHERHOOD 


Pau.t W. Harrison 


Medical Missionary to Arabia 


We all listened together this afternoon to a discussion of the 
industrial situation and I haven’t heard anything for a long time that 


RACIAL RELATIONS AND CHRISTIAN BROTHERHOOD 103 


made the thrills run up and down my back the way that did, because 
I am proud, too, to be numbered among those who look for the co- 
operative commonwealth in the future and hope to vote for Eugene 
Debs in the present. But I think that we are discussing tonight 
a more important topic still, and a more difficult one. It is difficult 
in the first place because we have made it complex. We hear about 
international relationships and we listen to talks about racial dif- 
ferences and divergent racial endowments and we gain the impression 
that there is no way to understand the right and the just and the 
proper relationships between races until a man is at least as old as 
Methusaleh and knows all of history and all of biology and most of 
economics—to say nothing of pretty near all of theology. 

Now the first thing to be said about the problem of racial rela- 
tionships is that it is absolutely simple. The way of Christ is all you 
and I are interested in. We are not interested in the nonsense of 
Lothrop Stoddard and we are not particularly concerned about the 
half-baked ideas of Madison Grant, but you and I want to know 
what the way of Christ is in racial relationships, and the way of Christ 
is just as simple as the nature of the omnipotent God. 

It is first, last, and all the time based upon the absolutely simple 
and the absolutely just foundation of racial equality, and the man 
who thinks that he finds anything else in Christ’s teaching and sees 
anything else in Christ’s example, simply fails to see what is there. 

The second thing that makes the question of race relationships 
difficult is the fact that in this, as in nothing else, we are fond of that 
subtle hypocrisy, in which we satisfy our own conscience by con- 
fessing the sins of other people. Now we are very fond, you know, 
of discussing the mistakes and the failures of the British in India, 
and we like to talk about the enormous iniquity of the British Empire 
in forcing opium upon China. We discuss lynching in the South 
and we forget that last week when there was a man burned at the 
stake in the south or in the north, in the east or in the west, every 
man and woman of us tonight who can’t eat with a Negro, stood 
around in that circle and helped pile faggots on that fire. We talk 
about the iniquity of the British Empire in fastening opium upon 
China and we forget that every man and every woman of us who 
belongs to a fraternity that blackballs the Chinese is back of that 
very thing yesterday and today and all the time. 

Now let us get over confessing the sins of other people and try 
to put our finger upon our own sin. It is not going to help much 
for any man in this room to explain to the Viceroy of India how to 
run that country, but it is going to help a very great deal if we will 


104 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


get down right into our own personal lives and examine them, and 
see that we follow the way of Christ, that way which is as simple 
and just and clear as the nature of Jesus Christ and His example. 

Now it is not only utterly simple, this solution of Christ, but 
it is absolutely adequate. There isn’t an international situation to 
date that needs one other thing than just that. There is not a single 
question of race relationships which requires anything else. 

What do you think India wants at our hands? Of course, we 
are fond of supposing that it is our destiny to go over and revise 
the methods of thought in India, and India today is better capable, 
I suppose, of revising our methods of thought than we are of re- 
vising India’s methods of thought. 

It may be true, and no doubt it is, that over in China today 
little boys and little girls are marched right into the jaws of the 
industrial machine as pieces of meat into a sausage grinder, hundreds 
of them—no question about it,—but do you suppose that China wants 
any advice from us as to how to revise her industrial situation ? 

Why, out in Arabia once I walked down the street and one of 
my friends, who was sick with the smallpox—lI didn’t know till I 
went to Arabia how well people could feel after they had blossomed 
out with a great crop of postules all over their face and body—came 
out to meet me and put out his hand to shake hands. Here he was 
with his eyes puffed shut and he himself a perfect mass of smallpox 
postules, and my mind hastily ran back over my past history to see 
whether I could remember a successful vaccination in the immedi- 
ate past. 

Now suppose a man like that came down to meet you in the 
aisle of this room and he said to you, “Do you know, I have an ex- 
ceptionally good medicine for smallpox?” and here he was with his 
eyes swollen shut with it, fifteen postules this side of his face and 
twelve on this side, and his hands swollen half as big as a football— 
well, that is how he looked—yes, I shook hands with him. 

When a man tells me that we want to go out to China to revise 
their industrial system, and go out to India to teach those people how 
to think and to revise their educational systems for them, it makes 
me think of that man in Arabia. All that China wants and all that 
India wants from us is the right hand of fellowship, nothing else 
than that. And all that India needs and all that China needs is the 
power of Jesus Christ which is transmitted through that right hand 
of fellowship. 

It is simple enough, yes, just as simple and just as difficult as 
every other Christian duty is, and the glory of the missionary enter- 


CHRISTIANITY AND INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS 105 


prise is that essentially it is exactly that right hand of fellowship. 
Men and women go out to carry to India and to carry to China no 
economic theories. No nation is less qualified to carry such theories 
than ours. The missionary goes out to carry no notions of educa- 
tion, nothing of that kind. He goes out to take the right hand of 
fellowship to men and women who are struggling up toward a better 
civilization and a better life. And he knows that through that right 
hand of fellowship Jesus Christ in His power is going to come into 
the lives of those men and those women over in India and over in 
China, not so that the missionary can guide them into a better civiliza- 
tion, but so that they themselves can grow up into all that magnificent 
endowment and possibility that God intends they shall develop ;— 
grow up to be members of the family of nations, in which all shall 
be equals and all be brothers, that family of nations that one day is 
going to be the family of God. 


INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS AND THE CHRISTIAN 
IDEAL 


Tue HonorastE Newton W. Rowe tt, K.C. 


Canadian Representative at the First Assembly of the League of Nations, and 
during the War Years President of the Council and Vice- 
Chairman of the War Commitee of the Cabinet of 
the Government of Canada. 


Some time ago Mr. Robert Wilder wrote asking if I would 
speak at this conference on “International Affairs and the Christian 
Ideal.” During the intervening five months we have all read some 
very important pronouncements on this question by men occupying 
high positions in the political world. We have been told with author- 
ity that Christian idealism has no place in international relations, 
that national self-interest is and should continue to be the motive, 
the main-spring of national action, that idealism may become a 
national menace, and that the world still has many glittering prizes 
for the men of stout heart and sharp sword. 

If one were to review past history one might find much to 
justify that estimate of international relations, and if one were deal- 
ing only with past history it might be pointed out that it was a very 
incomplete and inadequate review. Still one could not successfully 
controvert the proposition that national self-interest, and national 


106 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


self-interest alone, has been in the main the determining factor in 
national action. But when one states that that condition of affairs 
should continue, and that Christian idealism is not only impracticable 
but that idealism may be a menace to international relations, we are 
brought face to face with a problem of fundamental importance, and 
for you or me there is no escape from considering and answering 
the problem presented. If Christian idealism has no place in inter- 
national relations, then Christianity cannot make good its claims in 
the world. The only Christ I know of claims the allegiance of 
the human spirit and demands that allegiance in every department 
of life. I repeat, if Christian idealism has no place in international 
relations, then Christianity cannot make good its claim to be a 
universal religion. 

We, as students interested in international affairs, seeking to 
know the truth, prepared to follow wherever the truth may lead us, 
must face that issue and endeavor to give an answer to that question. 

What does Christian idealism in international affairs involve? 
In discussing this aspect of the question I shall try to confine myself 
to certain practical considerations which I submit are capable of 
present and world-wide application. It may be in the days to come, 
as we apply Christian principles more fully to international affairs, 
we shall be able to take higher ground. I venture to express the 
hope that this may prove to be the case. But if we desire to approach 
this question from the standpoint of reaching some practical solution, 
I think it is undesirable and unprofitable to picture to ourselves ideals 
at present quite hopeless of attainment and ignore practical con- 
siderations which do appear to be within the realm of attainment 
at the present time. 

Approaching the consideration of the question from this stand- 
point, what, one may ask, are the practical considerations involved 
in a Christian conception of international relations? 

I shall mention five this evening, not because they embrace all, 
but because they represent principles of action which urgently require 
immediate consideration. 


I would put as the first and the basis of all others, respect for — 


international agreements,—the sanctity of international obligations. 
You may say that is only common business morality. Well, it may 
be so, but we have not yet reached the stage in international affairs 
where it is so recognized by even so-called Christian nations. 

When you say of a man “he is the soul of honor,” you know 
what that means—he is a man of his word, a man who swears to his 
own hurt and changeth not, but when some men speak of national 


EE 


CHRISTIANITY AND INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS 107 


honor they raise that issue with a view to enlisting national patrio- 
tism behind some international action which will not stand free dis- 
cussion in the open light of day. 

I repeat, I would put at the very foundation of the application 
of the Christian ideal to international relations, the sanctity of inter- 
national agreements. 

Now, without elaborating, permit me to illustrate what I mean. 
While I imagine there is no nation from whose history one might 
not draw illustrations, let us take the case uppermost in our minds, 
the situation which arose between Germany and Belgium in July, 
1914. We know the obligation which bound Germany and other 
nations to Belgium, and we know how Germany, to serve her own 
selfish interests, treated her obligation to Belgium as a scrap of paper. 
That was in accordance with a certain theory, propounded by states- 
men whose names are honoured in history, that a treaty should only 
be binding on a nation so long as it served the nation’s interests, and 
when it ceased to serve the nation’s interests the nation was free to 
disregard it. Germany acted on this theory, and we know the wrong 
she inflicted on Belgium and the loss and suffering which ensued. 

The war with Germany came to an end on an agreement nego- 
tiated between the government at Washington and the government 
at Berlin, with the approval of all the allied powers engaged in the 
war. The Peace Conference at Paris which resulted in the Treaty 
of Versailles was called to give effect to the terms and principles 
already agreed upon and set out in that agreement. Have you ever 
read the agreement? I have read it many times. It consists of 
several addresses of the President of the United States outlining 
conditions of peace, and certain correspondence between the govern- 
ments concerned. I say no fair-minded man can take that agree- 
ment to which all the allied and associated powers pledged them- 
selves and, reviewing the conduct of those powers since that date, 
honestly and fairly say that the powers have carried out that agree- 
ment. The powers parties to that agreement, when they had the 
power to do so, either added to the obligations imposed upon the 
defeated foe or they failed to discharge obligations which they had 
accepted under that agreement. 

I have not time to point them out or dwell upon them to-night, 
but I wish to say that apart from the consequences which must have 
followed the world war in any case and from which the world would 
have taken years to recover, the troubles which during the past four 
years have disturbed the world’s peace and which today are the 
cause of almost untold misery in the world, have not been due to toa 


' 108 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


much idealism on the part of the nations parties to that agreement, 
but because these nations have not carried out the agreement they 
made at that time. 

There is no sure basis for permanent peace, and there is no sure 
basis for human progress until nations recognize the sanctity of inter- 
national obligations and public opinion supports the government 
which honestly endeavors to discharge these obligations. 

The second proposition I would submit to you is: that justice 
and right should be the governing considerations in determining the 
relation of nation to nation rather than national self-interest alone. 

Here again we come face to face with two not necessarily dia- 
metrically opposed views of international relations, but two views 
which may prove to be diametrically opposed when applied to a par- 
ticular international situation—one, that a nation’s attitude to other 
nations should be governed solely from the standpoint of its own 
self-interest ; the other, that considerations of justice and right should 
determine the relation of nation to nation. 

Perhaps that idea was never better expressed than by that great 
tribune of the English-speaking world who stood for the Christian 
ideal in international relations, the late William Ewart Gladstone, 
when he declared that public right should be the governing idea in 
international relations. And, Mr. Chairman, that touches very 
directly the whole racial problem which you have been considering at 
this convention—should the relation of the so-called more progressive 
races to the so-called less progressive ones be governed wholly by 
national self-interest or by considerations of public right and of 
justice? Should the attitude of the more powerful nations to the 
weaker, the less powerful nations, be governed by justice or by force? 

The Christian ideal demands that public right and justice should 
govern the conduct of nation to nation whether the nation be small 
or weak or backward, or whether it be powerful. The agreements 
relating to China, concluded at the Washington Conference, are an 
excellent illustration of the application of this principle. 

The third proposition is: we must substitute the “reign of law” 
for the “rule of force.” President Wilson, in a memorable address 
delivered at Mt. Vernon on the Fourth of July, 1918, set forth the 
objects of the allied and associated powers in the prosecution of the 
war, and summed up these in this sentence—“What we seek is the 
reign of law, based upon the consent of the governed and sustained 
by the organized opinion of mankind.” In other words, the great 
objective of the allied and associated powers was to substitute the 


CHRISTIANITY AND INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS 109 


reign of law, sustained by the organized public opinion of mankind, 
for the rule of force. 

It just so happened, Mr. Chairman, that on the morning of the 
day President Wilson spoke those memorable words in that historic 
spot at Mt. Vernon, it was my privilege to stand on an elevated 
plateau to the northeast of Amiens and see an Australian division, 
an American infantry brigade, a Canadian cavalry brigade and 
British artillery attack the German position, to wipe out the salient 
which the Germans had driven into that vital and vulnerable part 
of the allied line. They accomplished their task, they broke the 
German line, and they carried the Allied line beyond the objective. 
I cannot believe, I will not believe, that those men did not give their 
lives fighting for a great principle and a great cause. The American 
soldiers who laid down their lives in that engagement and in others 
thought they were fighting for what your President proclaimed— 
“a new and better international order after this war is over.” They 
were fighting for the reign of law in place of lawless force, in place 
of militarism which was threatening the peace and security of the 
world. 

The Christian ideal in international relations demands that we 
should substitute the reign of law for the rule of force as speedily 
as it is possible for us to do so. We cannot expect so great a revolu- 
tion to be brought about in a year, or a decade, but we should expect 
and demand that this ideal be steadily and persistently pursued. 

Mr. Chairman, may I pause just a moment to pay a tribute to 
the statesmen of this nation for the contribution they have made 
toward the realization of that ideal and to say that in some respects 
that ideal is being realized? It was the American Government, 
through Mr. Choate, as its chief representative, who presented at the 
second Hague Peace Conference the proposal for the establishment 
of a Permanent Court of International Justice for the settlement of 
juridical disputes between nations. The proposal failed of success be- 
cause the Allied jurists and statesmen there assembled were unable 
to agree upon a method of choosing the judges. In the year 1921 it 
was my privilege as a member of the first assembly of the League 
of Nations to help give final form to the constitution of the Perma- 
nent Court of International Justice of which Mr. John Bassett 
Moore, one of your distinguished jurists, was elected a member. 
Today there is functioning at The Hague a Permanent Court of 
International Justice, composed of jurists of international repute, for 
the purpose of settling juridical disputes between nations. The Con- 


IIO CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


stitution of this Court marks a great advance in the peaceable settle- 
ment of international disputes. 

During this year, for the first time in human history, one nation 
has hailed another before an international court of justice for an 
alleged violation of a treaty and that dispute has been determined 
and settled not by the arbitrament of the sword but by the peaceful 
and orderly processes of a court of justice, just as you would settle 
a dispute between citizens in this country. 

I am glad to note that this nation which took the lead in sub- 
mitting this proposal to the world, nay, which made its consumma- 
tion possible—for without your leadership and help it would not have 
been possible—not only through its late President but through its 
present President, has recommended that you should adhere to that 
Court. 

You were the leaders in the movement; you carried the flag on 
to the point of victory. We have held the position which you helped 
us win. We are waiting for you to resume your place of leadership 
so that all the forces which stand for right and justice in inter- 
national relations may march on together to establish the reign of law 
in the world. 

My fourth proposition is: we must substitute co-operation for 
the preservation of peace for competition in preparation for war. 
In the past, nations have felt themselves bound to devote a large 
part of their energies and resources to maintaining armaments on 
land and sea for the ostensible purpose of protecting themselves 
against the aggression of other nations and of preserving peace and 
security within their own territories. 

Is that the best way to preserve peace in the world? The World 
War was the culmination and let us earnestly hope the final con- 
demnation of that old system. Is there not a more excellent way? 
Can we not substitute co-operation for the preservation of peace for 
competition in preparation for war? I respectfully submit that the 
Christian ideal demands that we should apply the principle of co- 
operation to maintain peace. If so, the nations must meet together 
in conference to discuss and to plan and to co-operate for the preser-— 
vation of peace. 

The Washington Conference held some months ago was a splen- 
did illustration of what may be accomplished when nations meet to 
plan together for the preservation of peace rather than to compete 
with each other in preparation for war. 

The naval limitation agreement concluded at the Washington 
Conference, the agreement in reference to the Pacific, and the agree- 


CHRISTIANITY AND INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS EDI 


ments in reference to China, marked the real application of true 
Christian principles to international relations, and recorded a great 
step in advance in the development of a better international order. 

But that conference has met and that conference has ceased to 
function. We must have some other in which all the nations will 
meet to confer together, to plan together. I care not by what name 
you call it. I care not what its exact powers may be. What I plead 
for is the spirit and the principle of co-operating together. And 
here again may I pause to pay a tribute to the work of this nation 
in providing the world with a means for international co-operation. 
I refer to the basic agreement upon which hostilities came to an end, 
negotiated between Washington and Berlin. 

In that agreement your government stipulated for the organiza- 
tion of a league of nations to preserve the peace once established. 
I verily believe if your government had not insisted that this should 
be in the basic agreement, and subsequently insisted that it should 
be in the Treaty of Versailles, the world might have been without 
the League of Nations to this day. And for the work you have done 
in that respect all those interested in a better international order and 
in the application of the Christian ideal to international relations 
have great reason for gratitude to you. 

If you have now got something better to propose than that which 
you formerly proposed, and which the nations accepted, let the world 
have it. If it is practical we will join with you in working it out; 
but if you haven’t, then lend a sympathetic ear and a helping hand 
to this child which you helped to bring into the world and which, 
with the World Court, is the one remaining hope of a disturbed and 
distracted world for a better international order. 

The fifth and last proposal I shall submit is that a Christian 
conception of international relations requires the recognition of the 
fundamental unity of our humanity, irrespective of race, of national- 
ity, of religion, or of state of development. 

I know of no Christianity that confines the life and teaching 
and blessings of Christ to any limited section of our common hu- 
manity. They are all children of a common father. If we do not 
believe Paul’s statement on Mars Hill which has been quoted to us 
to-night, then modern science, economics and history all come for- 
ward to re-enforce the truth that our humanity is one, one humanity 
of many members, and if one member suffers all suffer with it. 
I would not minimize the responsibility which each of us owes to 
his own state and nation; but our responsibilities are broader and 
our sympathies must be broader; they must be as broad as our 


II2 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


humanity. No nation can separate itself from all others unless it 
moves to another planet. We are here on this earth to live together 
for better or for worse. 

May I ask, in conclusion, is there any contribution, any dis- 
tinctive contribution, that our sister nations—the United States and 
Canada, sprung from the loins of the same mother across the seas, 
to which both nations owe more than they will ever acknowledge or 
be able to pay—can make to human welfare and a better world? Is 
there anything by which either of our nations will be remembered 
in the generations to come that is better than that we in Canada are 
now the greatest wheat exporting country in the world or that you 
are the greatest steel-producing country in the world and have the 
highest sky-scrapers? Are we to be known simply because of our 
contribution to material progress and to material well being? Why 
is Syria famous in human history? Because of the contribution she 
made to the spiritual life of the world. Why is Greece famous? 
Because of her contribution to art and to literature. Why Rome? 
Because of her contribution to law. 

One might go through the nations; it is their contribution to the 
moral and spiritual and ethical and esthetic in the life of the world 
that has given them a secure place in history. What shall our con- 
tribution be? I venture to suggest we can make a contribution 
which is one of the world’s greatest needs at this time, a contribution 
to a new and better order in international affairs. 

For more than one hundred years we have lived side by side 
along a common frontier of many thousands of miles. We have 
lived without battleships on our Great Lakes, without land forti- 
fications and without armed forces, and we have lived at peace. We 
have learned from more than one hundred years’ experience—an 
experience sometimes trying and difficult to bear—that in the end 
good-will is a better protection along an international boundary than 
huge fortresses or standing armies. 

We have also learned that it is possible to settle all disputes that 
arise between nations by reason and conciliation rather than by force. 
We have found that possible not because the disputes have been 
trifling and unimportant. The disputes have related to territory, to 
fishing rights, to water rights, to those very questions which in other 
times and between other countries have been the fruitful cause of 
wars. 

Why is it that all these disputes for more than one hundred 
years have been settled by peaceable means? Permit me to ask you 
this question: has there been any dispute throughout this hundred 


SOCIAL AND INTELLECTUAL UNREST hs 


years, even where you may have thought you got the worst of the 
settlement or where we thought we got the worst of it,—and I know 
we thought we got the worst of it many times,—in which the settle- 
ment was not ten thousand times better for your nation and mine 
than any possible settlement by the arbitrament of the sword with 
all the legacy of hate and ill-will which would have followed such a 
settlement. 

In view of our joint experience for the past one hundred years, 
cannot we make this contribution to a new international order; 
cannot we show to the world that the best foundation for peace is 
not fortifications along a frontier and regiments of soldiers, and 
battleships upon lakes or rivers, but mutual confidence and mutual 
good-will, and that reason and conciliation are vastly better than the 
sword to all parties concerned as a method of settling international 
disputes ? 

I believe it is the contribution the world most needs at the 
present time to start the healing processes of peace and good-will, 
but we cannot make it unless we are prepared to make some sacrifice. 
We must prove our faith by our works. If we insist upon playing 
the part of the Priest and the Levite and passing by on the other 
side, the hour of our opportunity for making this contribution may 
pass, and pass forever. But if we are prepared as nations to play 
the part of the good Samaritan, the Christlike part of the good 
Samaritan, to extend the helping hand and seek to heal the wounds 
of the war, to establish mutual confidence and the reign of law, and 
the spirit of co-operation, then our action will be the hope and in- 
spiration of the world. 


PRESENT DAY SOCIAL AND INTELLECTUAL UNREST 


SHERWOOD Eppy 


Associate General Secretary of the International Committee of the Young 
Men’s Christian Association 


On my last trip, extending for more than a year through twenty- 
two countries, across Asia and Europe, I found in almost every land 
unmistakable signs of social and intellectual unrest. We face an 
insurgent world. Revolution is astir. Mankind is torn with strife— 
national, racial and industrial. In Orient and Occident alike, I found 
a semi-pagan social order of selfish materialism, autocratic exploita- 


II4 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


tion and strife. Everywhere men are in revolt, especially in the ranks 
of youth, against these three great evils of the present social order. 

Many are in revolt against the materialism of “our machine- 
made civilization.” We have progressed in the development of mate- 
rial resources by scientific invention more than in the discovery of 
moral and spiritual forces with which to control them. Since 1914 | 
the world has made more advance in the science of destruction than 
in spiritual and social reconstruction. There has been an overdevel- 
opment of the material to the neglect of the spiritual. “The world 
is too much with us,” with its mad hurry, its feverish activity, its 
enslaving unremitting toil, its over-work and under-pay for some, 
its hoarded wealth and frivolous dissipation for others. 

Men are in rebellion against authority, against the exploitation 
of the many by and for the few, against autocracy in all its forms— 
intellectual, political, industrial and racial. They are against intel- 
lectual autocracy where the dead hand of tradition lays its paralyzing 
restraint upon the rising generation; against conservatism, reaction, 
formalism and all repression of freedom of thought, speech and 
action. There is a revolt against political autocracy in the rising 
demand for liberty and self-determination, as the tides of democracy 
are sweeping round the world. There is a revolt also against indus- 
trial autocracy, as labor everywhere is demanding a voice in deter- 
mining the conditions of its working life. We found an increasing 
number of strikes and signs of industrial unrest throughout Asia, 
Europe and America. 

There is a revolt against racial autocracy, especially against the 
claim of racial “superiority” and all exploitation of weaker races or 
defenceless peoples. It seems like hypocritical cant to speak of “the 
white man’s burden,” the so-called “yellow peril,” the brown or black 
peril, when it is the white peril that has actually caused nine-tenths 
of the wars of the modern world, occasioned by the land-grabbing, 
the economic imperialism, the military exploitation and the colonial 
subjugation of peoples in the interests of a supposedly “superior” 
white race. } 

Let us observe the signs of present-day social and intellectual 
unrest in certain typical nations of the Orient and Occident, espe- 
cially in Japan, Korea, the Philippines, China, India, Soviet Russia 
and North America. 

In Japan we found the rise of a new liberal movement in revolt 
against the old order of materialism, autocracy and militarism. The 
earthquake which shook Japan to its foundations was a good outward 
symbol of the growing demand for the overturning of this old order. 


SOCIAL AND INTELLECTUAL UNREST II5 


Japan has inherited the materialism and militarism of western civi- 
lization and the autocracy of an infallible throne with its system of 
“dual government.” Fourteen families and firms control most of 
the wealth and industry while 92.7 per cent of the families in Japan 
are living on an income of less than $250 a year, or sixty-eight cents 
a day for a family of five. 

Japan is in the grip of world competition and is being ground 
between the upper and nether millstones of the cheap labor of the 
Orient on the one hand, and the massed wealth and efficient industrial 
organization of the Occident on the other. On the one side she is 
forced to compete with the cheap labor of China where children of 
ten are working for a daily wage of five and ten cents, and women 
for twenty cents a day. On the other side are the western countries 
with their great stores of raw material, well-organized factories with 
modern machinery, and accumulated wealth which make competition 
so difficult for the new industrial Japan. 

We saw the awful poverty of her slums. We noted the evidence 
of deep social and industrial unrest, with more than four hundred 
strikes a year. The leaders of the rising generation are in revolt 
against the old order. We found a new liberal movement among the 
youth both of the proletariat and the peasants. As Dr. Ebina, Presi- 
dent of the Doshisha University, expressed it, like a chick breaking 
from its shell, the liberal Japan is today breaking through the hard, 
encrusted repression of feudal militarism. A new nation is coming 
to birth. 

In Korea we found a silent revolution in the social and intel- 
lectual unrest which has leavened this awakening people. We found 
a new spirit of independence and of courage steadily sustained in 
the face of past imprisonment and persecution. There is an entrance 
of liberal and radical thought which is now flooding this ancient 
hermit nation; there is a new thirst for education on the part of the 
Koreans and a new era of larger liberty and conciliation on the part 
of the Japanese government. This “Land of the Morning Calm” 
has been swept by the blasts and storms of world events, by former 
invasions from China, Russia and Japan and, since the war, by a 
ferment of modern ideas of radicalism, Bolshevism and revolution. 
The Koreans bore their foreign rule of force with sullen silence 
until the Declaration of Independence of March 1, 1919. At the 
appointed hour, the declaration was read in the public squares through- 
out Korea as the elated populace thronged the streets. The signers 
then voluntarily surrendered themselves to the police. They were 
imprisoned by thousands. Today, although under a more liberal 


116 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


government, they are nevertheless in unanimous protest against the 
old order of materialism, autocracy and foreign militarism imposed 
upon them from without. 

In the Philippines we found the same revolt among both stu- 
dents and older people. They admit the benefits conferred upon 
them by the American government, but instead of what they regard — 
as the paternal, autocratic control of authority, they demand imme- 
diate and complete independence. Whether they are ready or un- 
ready, there is the same demand for liberty and independence in 
Korea, and the Philippines today that there was in America in 1776. 

In China a deep social and intellectual unrest possesses the 
whole student body. The revolution of 1911 threw off the autocracy 
of the corrupt Manchus, the last of China’s twenty-four long dynas- 
ties. In 1919, four years ago, the youth movement, called the 
Renaissance, or “Tide of New Thought,” gathered momentum in 
the student strike of Peking, and spread throughout China. It was 
a violent protest against the assault on China’s sovereignty in the 
treaty of Versailles, which proposed to hand over to Japan much of 
China’s sacred province of Shantung. The New Thought movement 
is a revolt against the autocracy and militarism of the present corrupt 
central and provincial régime of the military governors,. with their 
useless armies numbering over a million men. 

The youth movement of China is an intellectual revolt in the 
new spirit of scientific and historic criticism against the enslaving 
traditions of the past. It stands against the patriarchal joint-family 
system, demanding the reform of the family; against the subjuga- 
tion of women, demanding full equality of the sexes; against the 
pedantic classic language for the privileged few, demanding vernacu- 
lar literature and mass education for all. 

Finally, the students and leaders of China are in revolt against 
industrial autocracy and exploitation, both in the modern factory 
system of the industrial revolution which has entered the country 
as a terrific invasion, and against the long hours and low wages of 
the primitive industries. No wonder the students of China are in. 
revolt. /We found typical factories with their officially published 
profit’ of over one hundred per cent a year following the war, and 
a wage scale running from three and a half cents a day for small 
girls of ten, up to a maximum of thirty cents for foremen. We 
visited certain factories in China to ascertain present conditions of 
labor. We first visited a match factory under Chinese management. 
We found in this factory eleven hundred employees, mostly boys 
from nine to fifteen years of age, working from 4 A. M. to 8:30 P.M. 


SOCIAL AND INTELLECTUAL UNREST I17 


with a short intermission for meals. They work an average of fifteen 
hours a day, seven days a week, with no Sunday of rest. The boys 
receive from six to twelve cents and the men about twenty-five cents 
gold a day. The poisonous fumes of the white or “yellow” phos- 
phorous, and the dust from the other chemicals burned our lungs 
within half an hour. Some seventy men and boys in this plant have 
to visit the hospital each day for treatment. Many suffer from 
“phossy jaw,” where the bones of the face decay on account of the 
cheap grade of phosphorus used. Such chemicals have been out- 
lawed in all countries having any regard for the welfare of labor. 

We visited a Chinese weaving establishment making cloth upon 
primitive hand looms. At present there are 15,000 boys in the city 
working on these looms. One manager informed us that in most of 
these weaving factories the workers average eighteen hours a day, 
from 5 A.M. to II P. M., with short intermissions for meals, working 
seven days a week. The majority of the boys are apprentices who 
receive no wage whatever, only their food. 

We next visited the dwellings of these workers. Here in a 
two-story house that is subdivided into little rooms, dark holes and 
shelves, forty people were living. We found one room ten feet 
square with ten people living in it. 

Here is a shelf serving as a home for six people with just room 
enough to lie side by side. One man is dying of tuberculosis, cough- 
ing day and night. The five other inmates are packed in with him 
on this shelf, which rents for $1.15 per month. For these masses 
there is no available park, no playground, church, Y.M.C.A. club or 
reading room. They cannot read or write. Life is bounded by the 
factory, one dark street, and the hole or hovel in which they exist. 

Do you wonder that the Renaissance, or youth movement of 
China, is in revolt against this whole social order, with its crushing 
materialism, its intellectual, political and industrial autocracy, and its 
feudal militarism? / 

In India the soul of the people has been stirred by a deep under- 
current of revolution, non-violent and passive, but none the less 
profound. I have always believed that under British rule India fur- 
nished the finest instance in history of the government of one people 
by another. Yet, the tides of social unrest have not only swept the 
students and educated leaders, but to a considerable extent even the 
masses of India’s 320,000,000. The revolt in India is against the 
materialism and militarism of our whole western civilization, and 
what they consider the political and racial autocracy of the foreign 
government. Mr. Gandhi has been the leader of this revolt against 


118 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


western civilization. Following him, the youth of India have de- 
manded liberty as the birthright of every mature people. They quote 
Sir John Seeley in his “Expansion of England” to show that “sub- 
jugation for a long time to a foreign yoke is one of the most potent 
causes of national deterioration.” Mr. Gandhi has been a follower 
of Tolstoi in his non-resistant pacifism and of John Ruskin in a 
repudiation of western industrialism. 

Time forbids a description of the demand for independence and 
self-determination in Egypt, Palestine and Mesopotamia. But the 
examples already considered will suffice to show that the awakening 
lands of Asia are in revolt against the old order and in deep social 
and intellectual unrest. 

The youth movement of Europe, like that of Asia, presents the 
same revolt against the old order. It is an insurgent uprising against 
sordid materialism with its massed wealth and sensuous pleasure on 
the one hand, and its grinding toil and poverty of the masses on the 
other. Over Europe as a whole, one-tenth of the people possess 
approximately nine-tenths of the wealth, and the remaining nine- 
tenths of the people have only one-tenth of the wealth. The youth 
movement of Europe is in revolt against all autocracy, whether in- 
tellectual, political, industrial or racial. 

The youth movement of Germany began some twenty-five years 
ago in the protest of the gymnasia or high school students against 
the tyranny of the Prussian military and educational system. Organ- 
izing as “Wandervogel,” or “birds of passage,” the students of Ger- 
many, in negligée attire, with their musical instruments, took to the 
open country on hikes. They turned against the tyranny of the 
materialism, autocracy and militarism of the old order and sought 
communion with one another in the heart of nature. The movement 
spread through Germany, Austria, Switzerland and the continent of 
Europe. In all of its three forms, Idealistic, Proletarian and Chris- 
tian, whether among the young liberals, the workers or among the 
religious youth, the movement is a protest against the old social order. 
German students in bitter poverty are now working their way through , 
school and university. Many have a new sympathy with labor and 
are inviting working men to address their student gatherings. They 
are trying to bridge the gulf that has long existed between privileged 
and unprivileged classes, between the Church and labor, between the 
universities and workers. The youth go ‘out in bands for week-end 
excursions in the country to get away from the detested convention- 
ality of the existing social order and together face their common 


SOCIAL AND INTELLECTUAL UNREST I1g 


problems of the next day. They are organizing cooperative societies 
and engaging in many forms of social service. 

Nowhere is that old order more in evidence than in central 
Europe. The occupation of the Ruhr and the Rhine under the mili- 
taristic policy of the Poincaré cabinet not only menaces Germany 
with hunger, starvation and revolution, but theatens to drag the whole 
world back again into the abyss of war. Organized labor and the 
youth movement of Europe are increasingly rising in protest against 
recurring war. Ina recent convention of the youth of Europe from 
a score of countries in “The Third Democratic International Con- 
gress for Peace,” some of the leaders of the French youth move- 
ment admitted with shame the injustice of the French military occu- 
pation of the Ruhr, while the German youth pressed forward offering 
their money, their personal possessions, and their very lives to help 
rebuild the devastated areas. 

Russia is the final example of social and intellectual unrest. A 
vast volcanic upheaval has shaken that land to its foundations. The 
statue of the royal autocrat, Alexander III, in Petrograd, which 
embodies the insolence of autocracy, now has inscribed beneath it, 
“T stand here as a miserable scarecrow to warn all nations of the sin 
of autocracy.” All Russia, as well as this statue, stands before the 
world today both as a warning and a challenge. She is a warning 
not to drift blindly, as her former government did, to its impending 
doom; she is a challenge to every other nation to set its house in 
order before it is too late. The revolution in Russia followed after 
five hundred years of oppressive autocratic Czarism. Eighty per cent 
of the population had been left in illiteracy, sixty per cent were 
underfed, in poverty, living often in hovels scarcely fit for beasts. 
Little liberty was allowed and liberal ideas were met with bayonets. 
Repression and reaction in time brought the inevitable revolution 
which was a century overdue. 

With all its own faults, Soviet Russia today stands as a chal- 
lenge to the rest of the world wherever capitalism is ruthless, wher- 
ever there is monopolistic exploitation of natural resources for the 
profit of the few, regardless of the welfare of the many, wherever 
business and industry are conducted solely for private profit rather 
than for public service. 

On my recent visit to Russia, although conditions were better 
than under the hideous régime of the Czars, there was evidence of 
widespread social and intellectual unrest. Soviet Russia has not yet 
found the solution of its social problems in the frankly avowed mate- 
rialism, atheism and anti-religious policy of the Communist Party, 


I20 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


in the avowed disbelief in democracy, the dictatorship of the pro- 
letariat, and the denial of liberty which will not allow freedom of 
speech, of the press, or of action in opposition to the government. 

We will all agree that there is a deep, fundamental social and 
intellectual unrest possessing the youth, the leaders of thought, and 
often even the masses, both in Asia and Europe. What of America? 
A Christian leader recently refused to allow any discussion of social 
problems, saying “America is all right—at least 98 per cent all right.” 
With reference to our own country, let us examine the three evils 
against which the youth of other lands are in insurgent rebellion— 
materialism, autocracy and militarism. Is the United States 98 per 
cent all right, in the face of our widespread materialism? We have 
emerged from the war possessing approximately one-third of all the 
world’s wealth and about half of its gold supply—the richest and 
most favored nation on earth. Nowhere in the world, perhaps at 
no time in history, has there been such a vast and dangerous con- 
centration of wealth in the hands of a few. According to Professor 
W. I. King, two per cent of our people possess over sixty per cent 
of the national wealth, while two-thirds of the people have no land, 
no homes of their own, no tools, no secure means of livelihood. 

According to a recent writer, one hundred families now own or 
control most of the railways and a large proportion of the fourteen 
basic industries of the country. Yet think of the poverty of the 
many at the other end of the scale. Over seven hundred thousand 
are injured in industry every year. Much of this human waste is 
preventable. Some two millions are unemployed from four to six 
months of each year. Ten millions or one-tenth of our population 
are in poverty in normal times. Ten millions of our people will die 
prematurely of preventable diseases at the present death rate, and 
the date rate of the poor is three times as great as that of the well- 
to-do. It is estimated that there are 1,750,000 children at work in 
‘America who ought to be in school. In the religious sphere 26,000,- 
000 youths are growing up without religious education in the home, in 
the Sunday School, or in the Church; and 56,000,000 persons are: 
entirely outside the churches, both Catholic and Protestant. 

Think of the menace of materialism revealed by the lawlessness 
in America today. Chicago in certain recent years has had more 
murders than all England and Wales. New York, with its almost 
daily bandit hold-ups and robberies, has six times as many murders 
as London. Justice Taft testifies that “the administration of our 
criminal law is a disgrace to civilization.” The flagrant violation of 


SOCIAL AND INTELLECTUAL UNREST (iar 


the Eighteenth Amendment of the Constitution is both humiliating 
and alarming. 

Or take the question of exploitation and autocratic control. Is 
there no autocracy in industry, when for twenty-five years from 1881 
to 1906, we averaged 1,470 strikes a year, and for five years follow- 
ing our entrance into the war, 3,342 strikes yearly, or an average of 
nine or ten each day? According to the official copy of the Final 
Report of the Commission on Industrial Relations, “The sources 
from which this unrest springs group themselves almost without ex- 
ception under four main classifications which include all the others: 
(1) Unjust distribution of wealth and income; (2) unemployment 
and denial of an opportunity to earn a living; (3) denial of justice 
in the creation, the adjudication and the administration of law; (4) 
denial of the right and opportunity to form effective organizations. 
If these truly represent the attitude of labor we are indeed facing 
serious social unrest in our industrial life. 

Again are we ninety-eight per cent all right in the matter of 
racial autocracy? What treatment have we meted out to our four- 
teen million foreigners and our twelve million Negroes? Since 1885 
we have had some 4,000 lynchings, an average of two a week, or 
one hundred a year. A southern Methodist minister, who is an 
authority upon the subject, testified that in certain regions nearly 
all the lynchings had been Methodist or Baptist lynchings; that is, 
the majority of the mob were professing Christian church members. 
I have never known a single case of lynching during the last twenty- 
seven years that I have been working in Asia among the people of 
Japan, China and India, or on the continent of Europe, or in Latin 
America. This barbarous and inhuman practice is a serious and 
growing hindrance to our mission work abroad. I found the papers 
of Japan, China and India not only publishing accounts of the latest 
lynchings in America, but sometimes giving horrible photographs of 
the same. 

I have just returned from Russia, where I have seen the effects 
of a “class war” where some hundreds of thousands perished in the 
red terror, to find our commonwealth of America now in the begin- 
ning of what may lead us to a class war. I refer to the activities of 
the Ku Klux Klan. In Indiana, Ohio, and certain other states, I 
have found well-meaning Protestant ministers and laymen leading in 
this movement against the Jew, the Catholic, the Negro, the foreigner 
and the liberal. We owe to the Jew more than to any other people 
in the world, more even than to the Greek or Roman. And to One 
member of that race, we owe more than to all the rest of humanity 


I22 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


combined. Can we in the spirit of Jesus start a campaign of racial 
and religious hatred against the brethren of our Lord? 

I found the poor Negroes in one city arming by hundreds with 
cheap revolvers in deadly terror against this campaign of racial and 
religious class war, led by Protestant followers of the meek and lowly 
Jesus. I know many good men who are members of this Klan and 
they have done many good things. Some of them are my friends. 
But I cannot believe in this movement with its denial of democracy 
by an “invisible empire,” its dictatorship, its secrecy, its racial su- 
premacy and class war. I say this with sorrow, looking into 
the faces of some of my friends in this very audience who are mem- 
bers of this secret order. Some of us feel that we Protestants are 
one hundred per cent American but that Jews, Catholics, Negroes, 
and others cannot be trusted to respond to fair treatment and legal 
processes; with them coercion and intimidation must be used. This 
inevitably leads to racial and religious war. 

“America holds the moral leadership of the world—if she will 
take it.” Shall we forfeit that leadership for materialism, auto- 
cratic imperialism, or militarism? The expenditure of the United 
States government for all civil expenditures, on government educa- 
tion and public works for 1922 was 14.2 per cent of the national 
budget; for wars past and future, including interest, pensions, direct 
and indirect military expenditures, 85.8 per cent. Our Secretary of 
War is now asking for a larger army. Is the course of America to 
be one of competitive militarism and economic imperialism, or that 
of high moral leadership for the world back to the paths of peace? 

Is America 98 per cent all right? Herbert Gray, that discerning 
and kindly critic, after visiting our colleges, found our student life 
distracted by college “activities’—-dances, games and jazz, while the 
rest of the world is seething with social and intellectual unrest and 
drifting back toward war. He says, “Your students are strangely 
docile in mind. Everywhere else in the world I find the rising gen- 
eration in conscious and intense rebellion against the conventions and 
methods of life and thought which dominated their fathers, and which 
led the world to the present disaster. But young Americans are not 
rebelling to discover a new way for mankind, which is the real hope 
of the world today.” 

In the light of the glaring evils of America, let us ask in common 
honesty, “Is America 98 per cent all right?” Why have we no real 
youth movement in America? Why is there no widespread passion- 
ate demand for a new social order? 

This morning our conference broke up into some fifty discussion 


SOCIAL AND INTELLECTUAL UNREST 123 


groups. I inquired of the leaders of thirty of these groups and found 
that eighty per cent focussed their discussion on this burning race 
question. We are glad for these discussion groups, for student ex- 
pression and for evidence of a new day in this convention. We are 
glad for the beginning we have made in open frankness and free 
discussion. And yet several men who reported to me, far-sighted, 
experienced leaders, said, “Those discussion groups were a grave in- 
dictment on our whole American system of education. Many of the 
students had evidently never realized the necessity of being informed 
on these great questions, of seeing both sides, of seeking opposite 
points of view, and of constructively thinking together after truth. 
Instead there was the constant assumption that we were all right to 
start with.” There was a readiness to defend ourselves rather than to 
seek new truth. We were like Aristotle who finds slavery on his 
hands and then writes his philosophy to justify it. Much of our 
philosophy for more than two thousand years since has been of the 
same order. So we find the mores, the customs of our group, our 
race, our fraternity, our class, and then we argue to defend our 
point of view. But new truth is not discovered by argument in de- 
fense of our practices and prejudices. 

Speaking of the principles of Jesus as applied to the race ques- 
tion, one man said in the discussion, “Ideally, yes; practically, no. 
It just won’t work.” 

Friends, are we going back in that spirit to our colleges? Then 
it means war! Men of two nations in the discussion groups this 
morning, one from Japan and one from China, said that if we could 
find no solution, the day would come when two-thirds of humanity 
would demand it by force. Two-thirds of humanity are colored 
people. About one-third are white, about one-third yellow, one-third 
black or brown. The day will come when that two-thirds of humanity 
will demand their rights if we will not acknowledge or give them. 

If Jesus Christ’s method is not practical, if we say “ideally, 
yes; but practically, no; it just won’t work,” then war will work, 
and God have mercy on our civilization. 

Lord Grey, that great Christian statesman, known as Sir Edward 
Grey in 1914 when he was striving to avert the world war, said 
recently, “Things look very dark. Another great war will probably 
mean the break-up of civilization in Europe. Then all over Europe 
we shall see what we have already seen in Russia.” In Russia I 
saw one of my friends who had been through the terrible famine. 
He said, ““We were there on a train in the famine area with snow- 
drifts higher than the railway coaches. The engine was blown up, 


124 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


and we were likely to starve before provisions could reach us. I 
looked out of the window and on a parallel track in an open car I 
could count fourteen bodies, starved and frozen stiff. I looked out 
on the other side and I could see the living push out with their feet 
the dead, as they died of starvation one by one in that train. Over 
yonder in a barn, with no time or strength to dig in frozen ground 
and bury the dead, for three million were perishing in the famine, 
men were piling frozen corpses like cord wood.” 

Then he said a thing I would not have believed save at the mouth 
of more than one:sober witness, “Those corpses were stolen and 
eaten.’ Some children were eaten. Dogs were eaten. Young girls 
could be seen licking out an empty lard tin or hanging about restau- 
rants for scraps of food, as humanity went down over the brink 
almost into savagery and barbarism. 

In the light of the present-day world-wide social and intellectual 
unrest, let us ask what is the solution of our problems. Ex-President 
Woodrow Wilson broke the silence of his long retirement to warn 
the nation in an article in the August “Atlantic” entitled “The Road 
away from Revolution.” He says, “There must be some real ground 
for the universal unrest and perturbation. . . . It probably lies deep 
in the sources of the spiritual life of our time. It leads to revolution. 
The road that leads away from revolution is clearly marked... . 
The sum of the whole matter is this——that our civilization cannot 
survive materially unless it be redeemed spiritually. It can be saved 
only by becoming permeated with the spirit of Christ.” If we ask 
for the solution of present-day social and intellectual unrest, many 
of us, like Woodrow Wilson, are driven to the conclusion, after 
considering various proposed panaceas, programs and principles, that 
One only has found the solution in a new way of life. 

Jesus came to launch a constructive spiritual revolution. It 
involved a radical transformation of human nature and society, in 
the building of a new social order which He called the Kingdom of 
God. He came not to add patch-work to an old system nor to put 
new wine in the wine-skins of old institutions. He and His followers 
were those who had “turned the world upside down.” He delib- 
erately breaks with the oral tradition of the Pharisees and their harsh 
legalism. He challenges the vested interests of the rich Sadducees, 
and clears the temple of their lucrative traffic, even at the risk of His 
own life. He substitutes for the elaborate, ceremonial system of the 
sacrifices of the temple worship immediate access to God. He shocks 
the Herodians, calling His people’s royal master, Herod, “that fox.” 
He refuses to follow the methods of the fourth party, the Zealots, 


SOCIAL AND INTELLECTUAL UNREST 125 


in their militant Messianism of a conquering Messiah, for He regards 
violent revolution and the use of coercive force as un-spiritual and 
non-moral means. 

He amends, alters or abrogates the teaching of Moses and the 
Law with his “I say unto you.” Seven times He deliberately violates 
the sacred rabbinical tradition of Sabbath observance. He breaks 
the system of social caste and moves freely with outcasts, sinners, 
Samaritans and Gentiles. Deliberately He does not keep the weekly 
fasts, the ceremonial washings, forms and ceremonies. He chal- 
lenges the ethics of Deuteronomy on the subject of divorce, and 
abolishes the system of oaths. Against the patriotic duty. of hatred 
of enemies, contrary to the teaching of the Old Testament regarding 
legal retribution, and against universal human intinct He substitutes 
for hatred of enemies His mighty revolutionary innovation of love 
for all men. Against the old order of materialism, of exploitation 
and the pagan method of war, He launches His “great offensive” of 
love. His way of sacrifice in the cross is traced back to a universal 
principle in the very heart of God. 

Jesus’ constructive revolution was a new way of life. For self- 
ish materialism, He substitutes the truth of God as the loving Father, 
and of abundant spiritual life for man. For autocracy’s inhuman 
methods of exploitation, He substitutes the infinite worth of each 
individual and the brotherhood of all in the commonwealth of a new 
democracy of good will. Against the strife of hatred and war, He 
launches the great offensive of love, as the full sharing of life, in 
limitless self-giving, even unto death, resulting in peace on earth and 
good will among men. This was the spiritual revolution of Jesus. 
And judged by actual results He was the greatest revolutionary in 
all history. 

This life He lived’and shared with a little inner group that 
caught His spirit and went out to turn the world “upside down”; 
to lift it from selfishness to life abundant; from lust to love; from 
war to peace; from the old social order to the new. Where men 
followed His way of life, they achieved His victory. All down the 
centuries little groups have caught His spirit, His purpose and pas- 
sion, and have gone out to make a new world. There was the group 
of Jesus and the twelve; the group of Paul and his companions, who 
carried the Gospel across the Roman world; the group at Alex- 
andria, about Clement and Origen; the group in North Africa led 
by Tertullian and Cyprian; the group of Augustine and Ambrose; 
the group of Francis of Assisi and his “little brothers of the poor”; 
the group of Loyola and Xavier, who carried their message like a 


126 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


flame across Europe and Asia; the group at Wittenberg, gathered 
about Luther and Melancthon, who led northern Europe in a revolu- 
tion for religious liberty; the group of the Wesleys at Oxford, who 
“changed the whole tone of English society” during the eighteenth 
century. There was the group of William Carey which started the 
modern missionary movement a century ago. There was the revolu- 
tionary Haystack group at Williamstown that launched the first great 
missionary offensive among the self-centred churches of America. 
And there was the little gathering of the first one hundred volunteers 
at Mount Hermon in 1886, a generation ago. They launched a 
Student Volunteer Movement, and during the generation that has 
passed they have raised up over ten thousand volunteers who have 
reached the foreign field. I can see now the old faded photograph of 
the first one hundred volunteers, that still hangs at Mount Hermon, 
and I have watched their record of achievement across the world as 
Wilder, Mott, Speer, Brockman, Zwemer, and the ten thousand 
others went out into all the world at the challenge of their watch- 
word, “The Evangelization of the World in this Generation.” 

Finally, in this great succession, we are gathered here with 
6,500 students from nearly 1,000 institutions of North America and 
other lands. We face today a larger world, a greater challenge, a 
vaster undertaking than those hundred volunteers at Mount Hermon 
a generation ago. 

Our call is to no mere sudden proclamation of a personal mes- 
sage. It includes that, but it involves nothing less than the Christian- 
ization of the whole of life. It calls for the transformation of all 
our institutions and relations in the spirit of Jesus, “beginning at 
Jerusalem” with semi-pagan America. We can not hypocritically 
profess to be a “superior” race with all our lynchings, our lawless- 
ness, our mob violence, our sordid materialism, our un-Christian 
politics, industry and race relations. Our task is to build a new social 
order, the Kingdom of God on earth, until His will shall be done on 
this earth as it is done in Heaven. 

The call today is not merely for a handful of volunteers. Thou- _ 
sands here will be needed to press into those distant and needy lands. 
Shirkers of that foreign challenge will never perform the task at 
home. Every man here is called to follow Jesus’ way of life, of love 
and of peace. “I came not to send peace, but a sword” in Indianapolis 
as well as in Galilee—a sword of division that will cleave and divide 
this audience, as it divided John and Judas. Many here will 
be ready to say, “Lord, Lord.” They will assent to a profession of 
words, creeds, forms—anything, except simply to follow the arduous 


SOCIAL AND INTELLECTUAL UNREST 127 


call to live His way of life. Many here will go out to join the old 
order for which Herbert Gray on his visit to America found so many 
of our students preparing. 

Many here are going out to make money, to grow rich in a poor 
world, to grow fat while others starve. They will lay up for them- 
selves “treasures on earth,” or serve “Mammon,” which is simply the 
Aramaic vernacular word for riches. Professor Rauschenbusch in 
his “Dare we be Christian?” says, “Whoever utilizes a woman to 
satisfy his desires, without respecting her soul and her equal human 
worth, prostitutes her. Whoever utilizes a man to satisfy his desire 
for wealth, without respecting his soul and his equal human worth, 
and without realizing the beating heart and hopes of his fellow, pros- 
titutes him. Whoever gives the consent of his mind to getting un- 
earned gains, to getting more from his fellows than he returns to 
them in service, steps outside of the realm of love. If the Church 
looks on injustice without holy anger it allows the institution of 
redemptive love to give shelter to lovelessness, and is itself involved 
in the charge of hypocrisy.” Jesus challenges your purpose of going 
out to “make money.” He challenges your right to take more from 
the community than your service is worth. You may amass a fortune 
by the monopoly of God’s natural resources for your private gain, 
instead of their use for the public good for which they were intended. 
Or you may make money by exploiting labor, beating it down to a 
bare living wage, breaking up its trade unions and every organized 
effort to improve its conditions. You may be a rich and respectable 
Christian and say, “Lord, Lord!” but will you do the things which 
He says? Will you dare to “live dangerously” Jesus’ way of life? 
Are you going out to turn the world upside down, or slavishly con- 
form to the old order of Mammon? 

Many will go out to gain autocratic control over industry, saying, 
“This is my business, and I will do with it what I please.’ But is 
business yours for private profit, or is it for public service, for God 
and man? Many will go out as members of a “superior” white race 
to “take up the white man’s burden,” to warn the world against the 
yellow peril, against the black peril, and to continue our disgraceful 
record of lynchings, lawlessness, racial prejudice and injustice. 

Many here will go out to enlist in the perpetuation of the pagan 
institution of war. They will advocate trial by battle rather than 
trial by jury. They would have America repudiate her moral leader- 
ship and hold aloof in selfish isolation, until she is dragged into the 
next world war as she was into the last. 

But there are some here who will not bow the knee to Baal. 


128 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


There are some in revolt against the status quo. There are some 
who will join the constructive revolution of Jesus. There are some 
who will lead a youth movement in America. Some will go back as 
individuals and as groups to stand for a life abundant, lived with 
God as Father, as new men with a new vision, to live Jesus’ way of 
life. We will go back to stand for Jesus’ principle of the worth of 
each and the brotherhood of all, whether white or black, rich or 
poor, employer or laborer, Jew or Gentile, Catholic or Protestant. 
We will not merely dream of some Utopian future but will begin 
now to apply these principles on the campus for real brotherhood, 
to make our fraternities a training ground for wide friendship and 
limitless brotherhood, not for exclusive snobbery. We will treat as 


a brother every foreign student, every man in college. We will go 


out to apply Jesus’ way of life to clean up politics, to build a new 
industrial order, to transform business from the dominant motive of 
private profit to that of public service. We will determine to trans- 
form our race antagonisms into one brotherhood of cooperant good 
will. 

We will go out to stand with that ever-increasing army of men 
lining up in solid phalanx behind the Son of Man, who goes forth 
not to war, but for the great crusade of peace, for the great offensive 
of love. Even as our fathers a generation ago stood on this free 
soil for “no more slavery,” we will stand for “no more war.” 

This is the challenge of the present-day social and intellectual 
unrest against sordid and selfish materialism, autocratic exploitation, 
and the strife of pagan militarism. This is the call to Jesus’ way of 
life, of love and of peace on earth and good will among men. This 
is the call to you. Will you rise up and follow, not only for the 
evangelization of foreign lands, but the Christianization of a new 
social order which shall enthrone Jesus’ way of life? 

My friends, all of the evils of the old order are right here on 
our campus now. There is sordid materialism in our commercialized 
athletics, in the determination to win at any cost. We will spend 
more on a single college dance or game, more on our commercialized 
athletics, than we will give to starving Europe when our fellow stu- 
dents are in need in fourteen countries. I saw them in Germany 
actually starving before my eyes. Some of us won’t have a cent 
for that great student relief campaign this year. Some of us are 
going back to our dances, back to our jazz, back to our “netting,” 
back to our trifling life, not with a great passion of Jesus to change 
that campus. A single big football game this year cost a million 


EE—— se 


SOCIAL AND INTELLECTUAL UNREST 129 


dollars, but all the students in America will not give that sum for 
the starving in Europe. 

Oh, brothers, what are you going back for? Some of us are 
going back to end this social evil of war. We may have to end our 
lives in Fort Leavenworth prison. But we are going back together, 
whether as absolutists like William Lloyd Garrison or as oppor- 
tunists like Abraham Lincoln; and just as our fathers said “no more 
slavery,” we are going to say here ‘“‘no more war.” The Son of God 
goes forth to Jove, and to win by love. Who follows in His train? 

My time is gone. The whistle has blown. Ten yards to gain! 
Ten seconds to play and all your life to think about it! The ball 
will be passed to you for one last run. The old line is breaking. 
That great generation that has flung its ten thousand volunteers 
abroad has almost rounded out its work. Robert Wilder has fought 
the good fight; Mott starts next week to organize that last mission 
field in the Near East; Robert Speer, who played tackle on the old 
football team at Princeton, has rounded out a full generation of 
glorious service. Brockman is just starting back to China. Zwemer 
may lay down his life in North Africa where Raymond Lull was 
stoned to death like Stephen of old. Henry Wright, as we received 
the message an hour ago, died of his last hemorrhage day before 
yesterday, after having fought off tuberculosis for a decade. There 
is a vacant place in the line. Call in the first substitute. 

The older generation will soon complete its course. Thirty-seven 
years of a full generation finished. The ball will be passed to you. 
Center, quarter, give the signal. One, nine,—for God’s sake don’t 
fail us now! It’s coming to you, I—9Q—2—4. 


Q@ Devotional Period 
GEORGE COLLINS 


University of California, Secretary of the Fellowship of Reconciliation 


We have faced today tremendous challenges to our com- 
mon Christian faith, We have glimpsed the violation of human 
personality in modern industry; we have seen something of the 
violation of brotherhood in race relations, and then we have 
realized the dire need of applying Christianity in international 
life. The basis of the world thinking and acting today is not that 
of Christ, is not that of love, but is that of coercion, fear, coercion 
expressed in racial relations, the attempt to keep down the so- 
called inferior races, the attempt to deal with our colored brother 
by force, coercion expressed in international life by the gospel of 
preparedness to which we as a nation are committed. 

Have we the courage to step out in advance of the principles 
that are generally accepted today and base our lives on the 
Christian law of love? It may mean hardship for us, because 
going counter to long traditions means trouble for those who 
dare to take the step. 

Some one has said that “the divine order is ready to break 
into the world when we are ready to let it break into our hearts.” 

A young business man in England expressed his faith before 
an English court martial during the war as follows: “I stand 
here reverently, a witness for the heroic Christianity of Jesus 
Christ, for the belief that the only way to overcome evil is to 
conquer it by indominatable love and unwearied service. By this 
I mean a love that never admits defeat, that goes on loving 
and serving regardless of risk, regardless of possible conse- 
quences, in the literal interpretation of our Master’s orders, 
“Love your enemies; do good to them that hate you and pray 
for them that despitefully use you and persecute you.” 

“Tt will no doubt be urged that such a belief is hopelessly 
Utopian and idealistic, and can not be brought down into the 
practical world of today. I am convinced that what I can see 
others can see, and nothing will persuade me that the world is 
not ready for an ideal for which I am ready. Truth is more to 
me than victory and if the great forces of love and service are 
ever to triumph over those of fear and mistrust, some one must 
try to make a beginning. 

“I am anxious to take my place among those beginners, 
and shall count it a privilege to make sacrifices and if need be 
to face punishment in such a cause.” 

Let us bow in prayer. 

May we ask first of all, our Lord and Master, for forgive- 
ness for the way that we have helped in perpetuating industrial 
injustice, forgiveness for our share in racial discrimination, for- 
giveness for our share in international hatred and mistrust. 
Then let us be thankful for that revolutionary gospel that is 
equal to meet all these challenges that have been presented today. 
Let us ask for vision, to see what it means to apply uncompro- 
misingly Jesus’ revolutionary principles of love today. 

And then finally let us ask for courage that we may have 
the manhood and the womanhood to carry out all of the im- 
lications of our Master’s will as we see them. 

Our Heavenly Father, we thank Thee for the opportunity 
to live in an age like this, when youth is challenged by tremen- 
dous problems and by magnificent opportunities, because we 
know that opportunities grasped mean great men and great 
women. We thank Thee that we may have a share in living 
courageously and nobly today. Grant that none of us may 
hesitate to follow the gleam, to follow the vision of whole- 
heartedly placing our lives in our Master’s hand, at whatever 
cost, to help build the Kingdom of God on earth. For Jesus’ 
sake. Amen. 


THE MISSIONARY ENTERPRISE 


THE RELATION OF THE FOREIGN MISSIONARY EN- 
TERPRISE TO THE WORLD SITUATION TODAY 


Ropert FE. Speer 


Secretary of the Board of Foreign Missions of the Presbyterian Church in the 
U.S.A., and Chairman of the Federal Council of the Churches 
of Christ in America 


In one sense, there is no such a reality as today. What we call 
today is only an instantaneously fleeting moment that unites and 
divides the future and the past. Yet in a far more true sense, today 
for each of us is our full generation, our time of life and influence. 
And we might wisely change the phraseology of the theme we are to 
consider now and ask ourselves what the relation of the foreign 
missionary enterprise may be to the world situation of our generation, 
to our opportunity to determine the content of history, to our one 
chance to mold the great running stream of human life. 

It would be sufficiently serious and glorious if this stream were 
what some conceive it to be—a current pouring, unladen with any 
argosies, out of the future into the past. It is a far more serious and 
glorious thing when we realize that life is no stream running clean 
and unencumbered out of the future into the past, but a great laden 
torrent, pouring down out of the past into the future, marked by 
much that we are intended to subtract from it, lacking much which 
it is to be the business of our lives to contribute to it. 

We have had passed before our thought in the addresses of 
yesterday afternoon and last evening and today, some of the char- 
acteristics of this stream as it flows by us now. Perhaps it would 
be well for us, as essential to what we are to consider, briefly to review 
in our minds the outlines of this picture of our day which so vividly 
and yet so incompletely has passed before our eyes. 

131 


132 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


We have come to a time when we have to deal with a unified 
and compacted world, from which all distances and separations are 
forever gone, a world that is bound to live henceforth a common life, 
for which nevertheless the instrumentalities essential to the function- 
ing of a common life have not yet been provided. We are dealing, 
as has been so often said, with a world which has become a neighbor- 
hood but has not yet been turned into a brotherhood, with a compacted 
life of all humanity for which the indispensable organizations have 
not yet been supplied. Before the Great War, the instrumentalities 
for a common economic life had been in some measure provided, in 
part for honorable trade, in part for dishonorable and destructive 
exploitation. That old world was organized also in some measure 
for war, but never in those days and not today has our world, com- 
pelled of necessity to live one common life, been organized adequately 
for peace and brotherhood and common service. 

We are dealing today with a world, as we have been again and 
again shown in these past hours, which is swayed by great common 
thoughts. Long before we discovered it, these common thoughts 
were abroad. A generation ago the late Dr. D. C. Green, one of the 
wisest and ablest men we have sent out from this country to serve 
other nations, tried to show us how true it was even of -that day, 
that there were no dividing lines any longer in the thoughts of the 
nations, but that what was happening was simply the universal opera- 
tion on every race and in every nation of common liberating and 
transforming ideas. Common thoughts are beating through all the 
minds of all men today. 

Yet the thoughts of honor and of justice and of freedom and of 
truth and of service have not yet won their dominant place in these 
common ideas that are fashioning the thoughts of all mankind. Far 
from it. For once again and more subtly and more dangerously than 
ever before in human history, great forces are beating against the 
unity of mankind and resisting the new fellowship that God wills to 
prevail upon His earth. 

Within the last five years the old conceptions of struggle and , 
conflict have come back again stronger and more subtle and more 
dangerous than they were before. Great forces are weaving once 
again the war patterns into the plastic minds of the new genera- 
tion. Mr. Rowell spoke last night of Lord Birkenhead’s challenge 
to the young men of our day not to lose the old ideals of warfare 
and of conflict, nor to lay aside the sharp sword. It is quite true of 
Lord Birkenhead, as Maud Royden has said, “that he hath a devil,” 
but he is not the only man in the world demon-possessed with these 


MISSIONS AND THE WORLD TODAY 133 


old Satanic ideas that in our day, through many agents, directly and 
indirectly, consciously and unconsciously, more subtly and powerfully 
even than twenty years ago, are printing anew the war patterns on 
the minds of men. 

We have to reckon afresh also with old racial passions, dressed 
in new garments, built on new sanctions, making their way with more 
insidious power than ever into the life of the world. One is not 
greatly afraid of the folly of Mr. Lothrop Stoddard and his school, 
but behind all that befogged and befogging attempt to interpret the 
actual life of the world and to poison it with hatred there are men 
who are clothing those fatal ideals with garments that make them the 
more perilous because the more plausible. We read a book like Prof. 
Josey’s “Race and National Solidarity” and what have we got there, 
expressed in philosophical terms, but the old nationalistic morals that 
brought on the war as applied now not to any one nationality but to 
the white race? Here is the rejection of the ideals of brotherhood 
and of humanity with open eyes, and the assertion instead of the 
right of the white race to dominate the rest of mankind and to exploit 
the colored races, in order that the white race may enjoy its leisure 
and have its full opportunity for artistic self-expression and for a 
rich life. There can be but one result of such a doctrine,—the same 
result which came in 1914 only on a wider and more deadly scale. 
We have to face again, I say, the recrudescence of the old devil’s 
theory of conflict rather than service as the law of the progress of 
mankind. 

War patterns and race passion are matched by economic exploita- 
tion not yet humanized. Again and again since we gathered in this 
conference I have heard the patter of the clogged feet of those little 
Chinese children along the highways of Shanghai on their way to 
their long thirteen- and fourteen-hour shifts in the cotton mills and 
the silk filatures. All of us who have been abroad in recent days 
have thronging back into our minds image after image of the 
places; the ideas, the forces of hurt and wrong against which you 
and I are called upon to wage relentless war, to see if in our gen- 
eration we cannot get these things torn out of human life, to 
send it on cleaner and kinder to the generation following. Do not 
fear that war is to pass out of the world. The objects of war are 
to change. The character and instruments and weapons and instru- 
mentalities and rules of war are to change, but the generation to 
which you belong, you younger men and women, is called to the 
same great fight in which men and women have been engaged before 
you, the war against injustice and wrong and inequality and bondage 


134 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


and hate and everything that hinders or prevents the coming of the 
Kingdom of Christ, His reign of righteousness and of love and of 
peace upon our earth. 

We are facing a world situation, as we have been reminded, in 
which no race can any longer cherish an uncontested claim to racial 
superiority. There was a day perhaps when that claim was con- 
ceded. It is not conceded any more. It is not refused in any bad 
spirit. There is no rising tide of color across the world in the sense 
in which some have described it to us. I have been across the Asiatic 
world twice since the Great War first broke, and I found no rising 
tide of color, of anger or of hate or of will for injustice anywhere. 
There is, thank God, an awakened sense of human rights in every 
race, but the hearts of common men all the world around are hearts 
of good will, of kindliness and of peace. War has not been because 
the common heart of mankind has hated but because the great masses 
of men have not been able to have their will or God’s will through 
them, and have been hopelessly entangled and confused and mis- 
guided by false leadership and involved in great crises from which 
they could not escape, though they would fain have escaped, in love 
and peace. 

The trouble with our time is not something external or 
superficial. There are fundamental errors that have to be dug into 
beyond all that lies on the surface of institution or of relationship. 
You may define them in any way that you will; the conscious chasm 
between capacity and claim; the want of coordination in individual 
and racial and national life; the battle between only half-formed 
desires; the great struggle of men to gain a goal which they cannot 
discern, the conflict of ideals with evil or inadequate wills. You may 
define it in any way you please. In the generation that is passing 
we called it sin, and after all you cannot find a better name for it in 
any generation. Sin is not something vague and misty. Take the 
old, simple definition of it in the Westminster Catechism. Can you 
find a diagnosis that cuts deeper into all the social and the economic 
and the political problems of the new day than that? “Sin is any 
transgression of or any want of conformity unto the will of God.” 
We have got all this sin and confusion and discord in the world today 
against the will of God, because of sin. And all that we need to 
remedy it you can put in one word. I was recalling a moment ago 
an editorial years since in the New York Sun in which it was so 
expressed, written by the same editorial writer, I think, who. wrote 
the letter to the little girl who had asked the New York Sun whether 
there was any Santa Claus. He was referring to the world’s need 


MISSIONS AND THE WORLD TODAY 135 


and the approach which good people were making to it. And he 
suggested that the old faith regarded the central and vital remedy 
to be just one thing, and he expressed it in the lines from Bishop 
Heber’s hymn,— 


“Salvation, O, Salvation, the joyful sound proclaim, 
Till earth’s remotest nation has learned Messiah’s name.” 


This is the world situation as we are confronting it now, ex- 
pressed incompletely, as it must needs be, in the hurried moments 
of our gathering here, with many balancing considerations left out, 
made up of half lights, glimmerings here and there, only partial 
views, but still reflecting a real, seething world, a new age struggling 
to be born, great goods pouring down out of a great past, great evils 
lingering on still to curse mankind, which we have to try to tear out, 
that the great inheritance of the past may be passed on purified and 
enriched to the generations following. 

And now within this world situation, has the enterprise which 
has brought us here to this gathering any work to do, any great and 
living relationship to sustain? Thirty-seven years ago we believed 
it had. As yesterday afternoon Dr. Mott and Dr. Sailer and I were 
sitting together (I think we are the only ones here who have been 
at all the Student Volunteer Conventions from the beginning), there 
came pouring back the memories of those days thirty-seven years 
ago, and I can see the little room in old North Middle Reunion in 
Princeton where some of us gathered that Sunday night to face the 
great, critical issues of our lives. We had been looking forward to 
banking, or business, or medicine, or law, but there we faced our 
present world and a man’s duty to his generation by the will of God. 
I do not think we understood very much of these things that have 
been laid before us here. There was no such world as this in those 
days. We had no such knowledge of it as men possess today. But 
there were two things vivid and commanding in our minds and in 
our hearts; we knew that there was a world in dire need and we 
believed with boyish confidence perhaps, with very little thinking 
through of all that was involved, but still clearly and surely, that 
Jesus Christ, and He alone, had the power to meet all the needs of 
the world, whatever they might be. 

If I had to do it over again, looking back across the thirty-seven 
years, I would do what we did then, and turn again from the other 
calls, however so many and alluring they were, in the belief that this 
was the greatest task for our generation, and that it is the greatest 


136 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


for yours,—to bring Christ’s salvation to bear upon all the needs of - 
men in their personal lives and in all their human relationships. 

Yes, I believe this more today than thirty-seven years ago, for 
we have got behind us now the massed evidence of a whole genera- 
tion of living and indisputable experience. We have seen with our 
own eyes that the missionary enterprise embodies the ideas that define 
and the forces which alone can produce, the order that is God’s will, 
that Christ described and that will remake men and displace war and 
hate and greed and fear with peace and love and service and hope. 

We have seen the power of Christ at work creating the kind of 
men by whom alone a new order can be brought in upon the world. 
There is no order that does not rest on persons. We shall never 
build a new day in the world until we have enough new men to build 
iton. I do not say that we have to wait until we have made a world 
wholly composed of new men. There is no plenary inspiration in 
majorities. The minorities have determined history in the years that 
have gone and the minorities can make history still. But there will be 
no peace and justice on earth until there are enough men of good will 
and righteousness. 

But as we look back over this generation we can see how clearly 
and creatively the great forces that are in the Christian Gospel and 
which we feel swelling through us in this gathering, have been making 
the men by whom the new day will have to be brought in. There 
are representatives of them here in the midst of us today. These 
Christian men and women from these other lands,—who brought 
them to Christ? What were the agencies in their nations that have 
been raising up during the last genetation the only kind of men and 
women who can create in those nations the ideal or accomplish ‘the 
realization of the new order that is to be? Ask these men. Christ 
made them. He is making thousands more. We have got them here 
and in every land, our Christian equals and our superiors, men and 
women to whom we gave Christ, our best inheritance, and who are 
to give back to us a new knowledge and a richer understanding of 
that which we at first gave to them. 

And far beyond the numbers of those who thus far have openly 
taken their places as the men and women who are to supply the 
Christian leadership of the new day, there are the men like Mr. 
Gandhi, who have never allied themselves openly with the Christian 
fellowship, but who look up to our Lord as their supreme master 
and ideal and inspiration, and who have gathered the purpose of 
their lives out of His life. It was through the men and women 
whom He made and through whom He worked that Christ began. 


MISSIONS AND. THE WORLD TODAY 137 


It is through them alone that He can finish. A better day will come 
not through processes or institutions or organizations but through 
enough new men. The missionary enterprise is indispensable and 
effective toward dealing with this situation of wrong and folly 
throughout the world, because it represents the faith that the needed 
persons can be produced by and the power that alone can produce 
them. 

In the second place, the foreign missionary enterprise plants 
the Christian Church in the life of the world. We have seen it 
establishing all over the world the units of the new life, on which the 
new world must be built. Again and again we have heard quoted 
here those words of St. Paul about there being in Christ and in 
the Church of Christ no foreigner and no citizen, no bondman and 
no freeman, no male and no female. But that was a statement not 
so much of realized fact as of principle and hope within the early 
Christian Church. There was both slavery and sex inequality then. 
What St. Paul meant was that far off in the background of unfolding 
time and hope he beheld the realization of that ideal. It would be 
a long time before great conceptions like these could be wrought into 
the actual texture of human society, but still he knew that in those 
little gatherings of Christian folk that he called his churches, he 
had the germ of a new organization of mankind, that there he had 
the solution of problems of the relationship of race to race in the 
wiping out of all cleavage in the unity of Christ, that there he had 
the solution of the problem of the relationship of nation to nation 
in the building up in every great nationality of a member of Christ’s 
body and relating that to all the other members of Christ’s body 
throughout the nations. Time will show us again what it showed 
us in the first centuries, that the Christian Church founded in a 
nation is the most germinal and formative of all institutions. No 
doubt our churches in the mission fields are crude and imperfect but 
they contain in them the best seed we have for the solution of the 
race problem and a clear foreshadowing of the way in which at last 
national sovereignty and international fellowship are to be realized 
and coordinated. St. Paul was the great missionary of the first 
century in the Roman Empire. He was also, as we see now, its 
great statesman. 

Yes, and in ways, I will not say beyond these, but in ways that 
were inevitably to flow out from these, we have seen the missionary 
enterprise across a full generation doing what it can do in the coming 
generation too,—releasing the great vitalizing and regenerating tides 
of progress and power. The foreign missionary enterprise has often 


138 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


been called a narrow, individualistic, although worthy undertaking,’ 
and its representatives, especially the earlier missionaries, have been 
regarded as men whose one concern was to rescue brands, one by one, 
from a future burning, and who had no conception of the social 
principles of the Gospel and no purpose to try to establish the King- 
dom of God on the earth. Well, they did believe in another life 
that is greater than this life and in an eternal judgment and they 
did preach to men the infinite significance of deed and character. 
Let us not fall below them in this. But neither let us suppose that 
we have only now discovered that Christ came to save the world, 
the whole of life and all the interests and relations and concerns 
of man. 

I would like to vindicate the memory of the missionary founders 
in this regard. Whatever is said of the rigorous and personal char- 
acter of the religious experience and theological view of the early 
missionaries is true of William Carey. And at the same time it is 
true that in social and community service, in consciously influencing 
the economic and intellectual life of the nation to which he had gone, 
and in purposely affecting the forces of progress and civilization, 
Carey was one of the most powerful personalities of whom history 
has any record. Let me read one of his letters written in 1794. 
He is writing to the Society which sent him out to India. And what 
is he asking for? Tracts and Bibles? Well, he used these. But 
listen: “I wish you also to send me a few instruments of husbandry, 
viz., scythes, sickles, plough-wheels and such things; and a yearly 
assortment of all garden and flowering seeds, and seeds of fruit trees, 
that you can possibly procure; and let them be packed in papers, or 
bottles well stopped, which is the best method. All these things at 
whatever price you can procure them, and the seeds of all sorts of 
field and forest trees, etc., I will regularly remit you the money for 
every year; and I hope that I may depend upon the exertions of my 
numerous friends to procure them. Apply to London seedsmen and 
others, as it will be a lasting advantage to this country; and I shall 
have it in my power to do this for what I now call my own country, 
Only take care that they are new and dry.” He founded in 1820 
“The Agricultural and Horticultural Society in India” and Carey 
prepared its inquiries which, as Dr. George Smith said, “Show a grasp 
of principles, a mastery of detail, and a kindliness of spirit which 
reveal the practical farmer, the accomplished observer, and the 
thoughtful philanthropist all in one.” This Society became a great in- 
fluence for good in India, and later grew into three and formed the 
model for the Royal Agricultural Society of England, founded in 


MISSIONS AND THE WORLD TODAY 139 


1838. He justified his action in these matters “by quoting his hero, 
Brainerd, who was constrained to assist his Indian converts with his 
counsel in sowing their maize and arranging their secular concerns. 
‘Few,’ he adds with the true breadth of genius which converted the 
Baptist shoemaker into the Christian statesman and scholar, ‘who are 
extensively acquainted with human life, will esteem these cares either 
unworthy of religion or incongruous with its highest enjoyments.’ ” 
He protested against the narrowness of supporters of the work in 
America who had given money for theological teaching which was 
not to be used for teaching science. “I never heard anything more 
illiberal. Pray, can youth be trained up for the Christian ministry 
without science? Do you in America train up youths for it without 
any knowledge of science?” He began the great movements for the 
care of the leper, for the abolition of widow burning and infanticide, 
and for the abatement of other moral evils which “he opposed all 
his life with a practical reasonableness till he saw the public opinion 
he had done so much to create triumph. He knew the people of 
India, their religious, social, and economic condition, as no English- 
man before him had done. He stood between them and their foreign 
Government at the beginning of our intimate contact with all classes 
as detailed administrators and rulers.” Carey’s biography is one 
long record of ceaseless fidelity to his central individual, spiritual aim 
at the same time that he served society with more power and vigor, 
_ pouring out of this one man, than can be found in some whole present- 
day governments. 

But above all the foreign missionary enterprise has been the 
errand of men and women who have gone out to love and serve the 
world in the name and the spirit of Christ, to bring his redeeming 
life to bear upon all the needs of the world. 

One looks back with reverence to those great men. They do 
not deserve the slurs that now and again slip into our references to 
them. We can thank God if we are one-tenth the men that they 
were. “These who founded the missionary enterprise had as large 
and rich a vision of human interests and the Kingdom of God as 
any of us here in this gathering now. I could prove, if there were 
time, that if they erred at all, some of them erred not in their indi- 
vidualistic interpretation of the Christian Gospel but because they 
over-socialized its aim and did not see with adequate clearness what 
their primary duty was in founding the institutions of the Christian 
Church in the lands to which they went. 

And as foreign missions began, so they have wrought through 
these past three generations. They have opened everywhere the 


I40 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


fountains of Christian life and ideal. It was missions which unsealed 
the gateways of light. They introduced modern education into every 
one of the great countries of Asia. If you trace back the government 
educational systems of today, you will find at the beginning of every 
one of them the inspiration and influence of the foreign missionary. 
It was he who made possible the modern literature of China, printed 
no longer from the old cumbersome wooden blocks but from movable 
type... I think often with satisfaction of the contribution made by 
our own Mission Board, under the leadership of Walter Lowrie, 
when in the days of its poverty, and when as we are sometimes told, 
the missionary enterprise was conducted in a narrow and pinched 
vision of its functions, it still raised the considerable sum of money 
necessary to join with King Louis Philippe of France and with the 
British Museum in providing the first fonts of movable Chinese type. 

I have heard Carey referred to slightingly because of his intense 
evangelistic purpose, his conviction of the reality of sin and of Christ 
as the only Savior, and for the words carved on his gravestone at 
Serampore: 


{ 


“A wretched, poor and helpless worm, 
On Thy kind arms I fali.” 


But what will you say of the testimony of Sir William Hunter, as 
high an authority as you could find, with regard to Carey and his 
associates: “They created a prose vernacular literature for Bengal. - 
They established the modern method of popular education. They 
gave the first great impulse to the native press. They set up the first 
steam engine in India. With its help they introduced the manufacture 
of paper on a large scale. In ten years they translated and printed 
a Bible, or parts thereof, in 31 languages.” And what missionaries 
did in China and India they have done everywhere. They went out 
to preach Christ but the result of their work, as John Oxenham wrote 
of David Livingston, was: 


“To lift the sombre fringes of the night, 
To open lands long darkened from the light, 
To heal grim wounds, to give the blind new sight.” 


We have seen the missionary enterprise actually produce inter- 
racial good will and the international understanding of which we 
are talking today. When the United States sent out its Embassy in 
1856 to negotiate a treaty with Siam, Dr. Wood of the Embassy 
reported to the American Government that “the unselfish kindness 
of the American missionaries, their patience, sincerity and faithful- 


MISSIONS AND THE WORLD TODAY I4!I 


ness, have won the confidence and esteem of the natives, and in some 
degree transferred those sentiments to the nation represented by the 
missionary and prepared the way for the free and national inter- 
course now commencing. It was very evident that much of the appre- 
hension they felt in taking upon themselves the responsibilities of a 
treaty with us would be diminished if they could have the Rev. Mr. 
Mattoon as the first United States Consul to set the treaty in motion.” 

Mr. Fukuzawa, the geatest unofficial personality in Japan in the 
last century, once said “that if no missionaries had ever come to our 
country, the dissoluteness and wantonness of foreigners would have 
come to be much greater and our relations to foreigners would not 
be what they are now.” And Mr. Fukuzawa’s great newspaper, the 
Jiji Shimpo, declared: “There can be no doubt that many serious 
troubles would have occurred if the Christian missionary had not 
only showed to the Japanese the altruistic side of the Occidental 
character, but also by his teaching and his preaching imparted a new 
and attractive aspect to the intercourse which otherwise would have 
been masterful and repellent. The Japanese cannot thank the mis- 
sionary too much for the admirable leaven that he introduced into 
their relation with foreigners.” 

Testimony like this might be piled up as high as this desk with 
regard to the influence of the Christian spirit in the missionary enter- 
prise in supplying the right ideals for the only solution of the problem 
of racial and national relationships. 

Yes, and we have seen foreign missions making, as St. Paul 
said, “those a people who were no people,” and laying the founda- 
tions of new nations. Listen to as competent a witness as can be 
provided regarding Africa, Sir H. H. Johnston. “It is the mission- 
aries,” says he in British, Central Africa, “who in many cases have 
first taught the natives carpentry, joinery, masonry, tailoring, cob- 
bling, engineering, bookkeeping, printing, and European cookery; to 
say nothing of reading, writing, arithmetic, and a smattering of gen- 
eral knowledge. Almost invariably, it has been to missionaries that 
the natives of Interior Africa have owed their first acquaintance 
with a printing press, the turning lathe, the mangle, the flat-iron, the 
sawmill, and the brick mould.” And the same witness has said else- 
where that “when the history of the great African States of the 
future comes to be written, the arrival of the first missionary will 
with many of these new nations be the first historical event in their 
annals.” 

Measuring one’s words carefully, one can boldly say on the 
evidence which is piled up in Dr. Dennis’s great volumes of “Chris- 


142 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


tian Missions and Social Progress” that wherever they have gone, 
the missionaries have promoted temperance, opposed the liquor and 
opium traffics which are fatal to wise commerce, checked gambling, 
established higher standards of personal purity, cultivated industry 
and frugality, elevated women, restrained anti-social customs such 
as polygamy, concubinage, adultery, child marriage and infanticide, 
fostered the suppression of the slave trade and slave traffic, abolished 
cannibalism and human sacrifice and cruelty, organized famine relief, 
improved husbandry and agriculture, introduced Western medicines 
and medical science, founded leper asylums and colonies, promoted 
cleanliness and sanitation, and checked war. 

Once again let a competent and unimpeachable witness be called, 
Sir William Mackworth Young, K.C.S.I., Lieutenant Governor of 
the Punjab. “As a business man speaking to business men I am 
prepared to say that the work which has been done by missionary 
agency in India exceeds in importance all that has been done (and 
much has been done) by the British Government in India since its 
commencement. Let me take the Province which I know best. I 
ask myself what has been the most potent influence which has been 
working among the people since annexation fifty-four years ago, and 
to that question I feel there is but one answer—Christianity, as set 
forth in the lives and teaching of Christian missionaries. I do not 
underestimate the forces which have been brought to bear on the 
races in the Punjab by our beneficent rule, by British justice and 
enlightenment ; but I am convinced that the effect on native character 
produced by the self-denying labors of missionaries is far greater. 
The Punjab bears on its historical roll the names of many Christian 
statesmen who have honored God by their lives and endeared them- 
selves to the people by their faithful work; but I venture to say that 
if they could speak to us from the great unseen, there is not one of 
them who would not proclaim that the work done by men like French, 
Clark, Newton, and Forman, who went in and out among the people 
for a whole generation or more, and who preached by their lives the 
nobility of self-sacrifice, and the lesson of love to God and man, is 
a higher and nobler work, and more far-reaching in its consequences.” 

So I can say to you students here today that we know now what 
by faith we believed thirty-seven years ago; that if a man wants to 
lay out his life with wealth and power and influence unending, there 
is no richer opportunity than this. And that opportunity has not 
passed by. The foreign missionary enterprise has not begun to 
wane. As it passes into your hands it is not a contracting enterprise 
needing scantier recruits and wielding a lesser influence than in the 


MISSIONS AND THE WORLD TODAY 143 


past. It is true that Christianity is now planted indigenously in most 
lands and that native Churches are growing up which are the glory 
of missions and whose work is to wax more and more, but still the 
stronger churches of the West are called to work with these new 
churches. Still the power of Christ in Church and Mission is driv- 
ing on through the world. We listen sometimes to statements which 
seem to question the present penetrating power of the Christian 
enterprise, but once again listen to the competent witnesses. 

Here is Sir Narayan Chanda-varkar, whom Mr. Eddy and I 
knew in Bombay and who died last spring after a great career. He 
never openly connected himself with the Christian Church but he 
kept a picture of the Savior, of whom he would speak as our Lord, 
in his bedroom, and few Christians could speak of Him with more 
faith and devotion. He was the leading Hindu in Western India, 
Judge of the High Court, President of the Legislative Council, 
and for a long time Vice Chancellor of the University, and leader 
of the Prarthana Samaj. This was his testimony: “The process 
of the conversion of India to Christ may not be growing as rapidly 
or in exactly the measure you hope, but I say that India is being 
converted. The ideals that lie at the heart of the Gospel of Christ 
are slowly but surely permeating every part of Hindu society and 
modifying every phase of Hindu thought.” Or hear Mr. F. W. 
Stevens of the University of Michigan Law School, now our Amer- 
ican representative in the Banking Consortium in Peking, a man of 
the highest integrity and trustworthiness. “I have come to believe,” 
says he, “that America’s greatest contribution to China, greater even 
than America’s political friendship, is the work of the American 
Christian missionaries in China. This statement may indicate the 
importance I attach to the need of moral regeneration which must 
precede any great political and industrial improvement. In all China 
there is not a single organization on a scale of importance that aims 
at moral improvement or that is calculated to bring it about that is 
not traceable in its origin to the Christian Missions. I have inquired 
among all kinds of people from all parts of China for such an activity 
of non-Christian origin without finding one.” 

Review again the present world situation as I tried to summarize 
it a few moments ago and as it has been set before us in the addresses 
to which we have listened. How are you going actually to deal with 
these conditions and to bring influence to bear upon the ‘world? 

I will tell you now last of all how it can be done. Not by any 
of those easy transformations of the missionary enterprise which 
we can so light-heartedly suggest. I can propose some changes my- 


144 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS © 


self and they would be more radical and revolutionary than I have 
ever heard from anybody else. But there would still be three great 
constant elements remaining. There would be the need of men and 
women who would concretely and locally lay hold upon actual places 
and persons. You remember Mr. Chesterton’s remark that there is 
nothing living that is not local. It is a truth that this new genera- 
tion is in danger of missing, and that is vital to its power as it seeks 
to influence the world. If you and I want to pour life across the 
world, there are no generalized processes by which it can be done. 
It has to be done by the old, old method of men and women laying 
their personal lives like grains of corn in the ground and letting 
them die that they may not abide alone. 

Do not let yourselves be told that there is not as large a call and 
as rich an opportunity for such concrete life investment now as ever. 
Mr. Eddy referred a moment ago to President Ebina in Japan. I 
suppose we would pick him out as one of the ablest Christian men 
in Asia. I have here with me his diagnosis of the present situation 
in Japan and Japan’s most urgent and critical need. Let me read 
from it his account of the present situation in Japan and then his 
statement of its need: “Japan has begun to drift. Whither is she 
drifting? How shall we interpret the signs of the times? I firmly 
believe that Japan’s real regeneration depends entirely on the united 
efforts of Christians, especially the Christians of Japan, America and 
Great Britain. If Christians lose Japan it will be an irremediable loss 
to Christendom. . . . I do not ignore the work in China. It is im- 
portant, just as in any other part of the world. But China is an 
immense country. The work there is the work of centuries. Here 
in Japan we have a small but powerful nation, similar to the ancient 
Greek, or the Jewish nation. She will be converted within half a 
century if we are fully prepared to meet her need. If we under- 
stood rightly the real need and situation in Japan, we would not hesi- 
tate to advocate a fourfold increase of missionary forces—forces 
sufficient to make short work of the evangelization of Japan. Then 
Japan as a converted nation would herself become the vanguard of 
the missionary forces on the Asiatic continent.” There are men 
telling us today that the day of the foreign missionary is over. No, 
it is not over now and it will not be in your day. 

Not only is there the need of laying concrete and definite hold 
upon life, but there is in the second place the need of doing it with 
the same old deathless, generation-long tenacity that characterized the 
missionary enterprise across the last hundred years. Do not think 
that the work can be done by any probationary, temporary, experi- 


MISSIONS AND THE WORLD TODAY 145 


mental attempts to meet the need of mankind. You have to have 
men and women who will lay grip upon this great problem of human 
suffering and human want and whom nothing can shake loose until 
death itself shall come. We celebrated not long ago the centennial 
of the completion of Robert Morrison’s dictionary of the Chinese 
language which began a new era. Would Robert Morrison have 
ever written his dictionary, would he ever have laid the foundations 
of the Christian Church in Southern China, if he had attacked the 
problem in that experimental probationary way in which some of us 
now are coming at life’s great task? Would David Livingston have 
opened Africa on a three year term of service? Oh, no. Some of 
us have got to take long risks and burn the bridges behind us. We 
have to throw our lives out and away with all that there is of them, 
in the great venture of unselfish love and sacrificial service of our 
world. 

Last of all, we have to go right down to the central need and 
heart of things, and with all our other doings do the thing without 
which all of them will be vain, make Jesus Christ our Lord, so far 
as we ourselves know Him—better than that we cannot do—known 
to all the rest of the world, known as the personal Savior of man 
from sin, known as the purifier of human society and inter-racial 
relationships, known in village and town and city, known in all the 
life of man. 

You have to come back to the old motto written above us here, 

“The Evangelization of the World in this Generation.” Don’t throw 
it away too light-heartedly. The new generation requires it just as 
the old generation. You have a different world from the world that 
we knew when we coined those words. It is a far more accessible 
and easy world to work for than ours. We have a new and larger 
conception of what evangelization means, perhaps, than we had then. 
But after all there is nothing before and there is nothing after that; 
» making Christ known, that is evangelization. 
And as for those words that come at the end, “In this genera- 
tion,” they belong to you far more than they belonged to us. It was 
a bold dream for us to think of doing it in our generation. It is a 
real and present and practical possibility for you. 

You remember the words in Mr. Benjamin Kidd’s posthumous 
book, “The Science of Power”: “So far as civilization being prac- 
ticably unchangeable, or only changeable through influences operating 
slowly over long periods of time, the world can be changed in a brief 
space of time. Within the life of a single generation it can be made 
to undergo changes so profound, so revolutionary, so permanent that 


146 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


it would almost appear as if human nature itself had been completely 
altered in the interval. There is not an existing institution in the 
world of humanity which cannot be profoundly modified or altered 
or abolished in one generation. There is no form or order of gov- 
ernment or of the dominion of force which cannot be removed out 
of the world within a generation. There is no ideal dreamed of by 
any dreamer or idealist which cannot be realized within the lifetime 
of those around us. ‘Treitschke, as a young university lecturer, 
speaking in 1863, was prophesying further and truer than he knew 
when he said there was no ideal which a living people chose to put 
before themselves that they had not the power of realizing in his- 
tory.” 

We know now that that truth has its limitations. Germany tried 
and failed; and in falsehood and untruth and dishonor it can never 
be done. But there is nothing true and right that cannot be done. 
Do not surrender the dream that we dreamed in far harder days a 
generation past. This generation is your generation; there is nothing 
you cannot do with it, by and in the will of God. There is no 
wrong that you cannot tear out; there is no right that you cannot 
build in, if only here in this place now we hand ourselves over body 
and soul to the strength of Christ who can recreate mankind. — 

I tore off the program in my home church last Sunday after- 
noon at the Christmas service of the little children, the old and for- 
gotten lines of Longfellow: 


I heard the bells on Christmas Day, 
Their old familiar carols play, 

And wild and sweet, the words repeat, 
Of peace on earth, good will to men. 


I thought how, as the day had come, 
The belfries of all Christendom 
Had rolled along the unbroken song 
Of peace on earth, good will to men. 


And in despair I bowed my head: 
“There is no peace on earth,” I said, 
“For hate is strong and mocks the song 

Of peace on earth, good will to men.” 


Then pealed the bells more loud and deep: 
“God is not dead nor doth He sleep, 
The wrong shall fail, the right prevail, 
Of peace on earth, good will to men.” 





If only we—! If only we ! 


THE CONFIDENCE WHICH PAST MISSIONARY 
ACHIEVEMENT INSPIRES IN US FOR 
THE FUTURE 


CHARLES R. WaTSON 


President of the American University, Cairo, Egypt 


It is my task during these next few moments to direct your look 
toward the past. As we look toward the past it will be well for us 
to have clearly in mind what this does not imply. 

It does not imply that the missionary enterprise is completed, 
so that you can at this time write a history of it as you might write 
a history of the Great War. On the contrary, although we are com- 
pleting a century and a quarter of modern missions, we are just at 
the beginning of our task. We are so completely at the beginning 
that, using the analogy of the Great War, surprises may be in store 
for us because of the lengths that we yet have to go, and it may be 
that there shall be such swingings of the spiritual pendulum that all 
the gains we have achieved will be wiped out and we will be left 
wondering whether we shall have any victory and whether we are 
really to achieve success in the end. 

For, in this missionary enterprise, there is nothing static. The 
past may be written down almost as a failure unless it leads us on to 
something more complete.. You may recall what Walt Whitman said, 
“Tt is inherent in the nature of things that from any fruition of 
success, however complete, shall come forth something that shall 
make a greater struggle necessary.” So, with reference to the past 
work and to the workers of the past, we might almost use the words 
of the writer to the Hebrews and say, “These all, having had witness 
borne to them through their faith, received not the promise, God 
having provided some better thing involving us of the future, that 
apart from us of the future they and their work should not be made 
perfect.” 

Again, in looking at the past this evening, we do not for a 
moment propose to endorse it unqualifiedly. If we have come to the 
end of a century and a quarter of missions, it is indeed an occasion 
of thanksgiving to God for His marvelous grace and power in these 

147 


148 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


decades, but it is also quite fully as much an occasion for confession 


and humiliation that there has been so much imperfect and so much 


at fault in the quantity and in the quality of our human achievement. 
We have no intention tonight of fastening upon the future the mis- 
takes of the past; the scope and the scale of that past were inadequate 
as we shall confess. We have no intention of adopting motives and 
methods that ought to be criticised. 

But, having said all this, we must also add that as we gather 
tonight to look at the past, we have a deep conviction that it has 
rich values. We are not so foolish as to undervalue actual experi- 
ence. We are not so foolish as to belittle the steadying influence of 
wholesome traditions, and the increasing effectiveness of an organi- 
zational development. We are not so foolish as to imagine that we 
can create, out of nothing, overnight, a new missionary enterprise 
that can succeed in this world. We see human development as a 
continuing process and we find that even the most revolutionary 
systems, after the dust has cleared away, tend to draw values out of 
the very past that they have repudiated. We would tonight adjudge 
that man to be narrow and provincial who would limit his vision to 
a narrow section of time in history just as we would adjudge him 
to be narrow and provincial if he should limit his vision to a mere 
section of the world. 

We look at the past, therefore, to ask what values it has in it 
for the days to come? What confidence may it give us, what guiding 
principles, what assurance? 

Now may I say in the first place that as we go into the future, 
we may draw out of past missionary experience the assurance that 
in this enterprise, for every man who will identify himself with tt 
at home or abroad, there is a purifying and an enriching influence, 
and that, for every church that will enthrone it in its program of 
activities, there is the sure guarantee of fresh accession of power and 
of clearer spiritual vision. 

Of course, this is only to say that experience has taught us what 
Jesus Christ said long ago, “He that loseth his life for My sake, the 
same shall save it,” and it may be some one will say, “The point is 
irrelevant. I have no interest in it. If it is my duty to do this work, 
I will do it. I want no consolation prize for my self-sacrifice.” It 
may be that there are those who have this brand of stoical loyalty to 
duty, but I would remind you that our Lord Himself thought it wise, 
in issuing His call, to give this comforting assurance and to tell men 
who were wistfully longing for the realization of their own lives, 


INSPIRATION OF MISSIONARY ACHIEVEMENT I49 


that in this call to service they would find the richest realization life 
is capable of experiencing. 

Now this is just what the past has revealed to us. For one thing, 
this missionary enterprise purifies motive. Some of you have read 
that most interesting article by J. C. Winslow. It was published in 
the International Review of Missions and then again has been pub- 
lished in pamphlet form, entitled, “Not Leaders, but Saints and Serv- 
ants.’ I think there is a great deal of the autobiographical in it, but 
I am quite sure it is just the picture of many a man who has gone 
into this missionary enterprise with an inadequate motive, such as 
this motive of an ambition for human leadership and then has grad- 
ually found his motive purified until men came to think of him no 
longer in the capacity of leader, but rather in that greater capacity 
of saint and servant, a servant of men and a servant of Jesus Christ. 

In this missionary movement also we find a reflex value in its 
development of courage and daring. This is not only a thing that 
was true for the earlier days of missions, but it is true, abundantly 
true, even today. There is in all the world no enterprise that is so 
absurd and so foolhardy, judged by human standards, as this mis- 
sionary enterprise. It sends men and women out to rebuke great 
wrongs, wrongs that have been intrenched in the world and that 
have stalked up and down unrebuked and unrestrained. It sends 
men out to hold up moral ideals and spiritual standards that are re- 
garded by the rest of the world as absolutely impossible, and then as 
though-that were not enough, it asks of these same men and women 
that they constantly, incessantly, discover still higher moral standards 
and still higher spiritual ideals and press them upon humanity. It 
has sent men out and it sends them out today to stand the strain of 
leadership in difficult movements or to carry the anxiety of founding 
and maintaining institutions. And it requires these things from men 
without giving them any assurance of support, such as that of great 
wealth or of political influence or of great armies. Yet, just be- 
cause it does this, it is all the time challenging men to courage and 
to daring. 

In still another way, the reflex value of a missionary enterprise 
has been shown in the past, namely, in the widening of men’s hori- 
zons. This missionary enterprise has always been bringing to men 
the test of the universal. Will this message grip the world? Will 
this conception appeal to the Hindu mind, to the Chinese, to the 
Moslem? And this test of the universal has resulted in a broadening 
of men’s horizons. With the broadening of the horizon of their 


150 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


minds, there has come the broadening of the horizon of their sym- 
pathies. 

Then, may I add under this heading that the reflex value of the 
missionary enterprise in the past has been shown in tts development 
of the spiritual quality? I mention this because I think it will bring 
a response of sympathy from every heart here. How conscious we 
are of the tide of materialism that is sweeping over the world. How 
often we have asked ourselves how we may protect our own hearts 
and lives from its threatening advance; by what method we may 
attain to those spiritual heights where, at least to ourselves, 
we might say that we walk with God and He with us, that we talk 
with God and He with us, that we work with God and He with us. 

Now, I know that prayer and meditation go a long way in de- 
veloping this spiritual quality, but the missionary enterprise has re- 
vealed yet another way: the missionary enterprise has taken men 
and flung them upon great spiritual tasks. The missionary enter- 
prise is essentially a spiritual movement. Its commission is from 
God, its chief message is about God, its resources are divine, its 
processes are rooted in the supernatural, it sees God everywhere—in 
human life, in human history, in science, in nature, everywhere. 

I am not giving you a rhapsody about this thing. I am giving 
you the testimony of countless witnesses of the past. So enriching 
has this movement been to men and women that if there had been no 
such movement for the sake of the world, these men and women 
would have wanted just this movement for the sake of their own 
lives. 

Now, what I have said of the individual is true likewise of the 
church, or any organization that will take this missionary passion 
and enthrone it in its life. If there were time, one could unfold the 
proof of it in history, that the times when the spiritual springs have 
gushed forth most abundantly have been just the times when the 
missionary passion was the strongest in the heart of the church. As 
we go into the future, therefore, we go with this strong assurance; 
an assurance born of the experience of the past; an assurance that 
is no longer a matter of faith but that has been demonstrated and to 
which there are many witnesses. 

In the second place, as we go out of the past into the future, 
we have the assurance that the missionary enterprise has in it a power 
to start and stimulate in non-Christian lands intellectual awakenings 
and social and national movements of the profoundest significance. 
“Does it work?” is the question that is asked again and again. Ina 
moment we shall consider how it works in the hearts of those who 


INSPIRATION OF MISSIONARY ACHIEVEMENT I51I 


receive it freely. But just here we are making the point that it has 
a power of working, even in the lives of those who reject it formally. 
In non-Christian communities, it has this power. This is a common- 
place of misisonary experience. You find it in every level of life. 
The missionary visits an outcast home in India; that visit is the occa- 
sion for the stirring of intellectual life, for stirring life that has been 
almost on the low level of animal thinking, in a way that it has never 
been stirred before. 

You can take it to the highest levels of non-Christian culture. 
Here, again, you will find Christian teaching and truth so fresh, so 
challenging that in these higher levels of culture and development 
new thinking develops that leads to still greater heights. Let a Chris- 
tian home be established in a non-Christian community; immedi- 
ately, it forms an irritating center for all kinds of social discussion 
and for social stirrings. Let a school be established in a non-Chris- 
tian community and the educational outlook of the community begins 
to change. Other schools are established in imitation or in com- 
petition. New forces begin to operate whose full significance one 
can never foretell, but whose dynamic testifies to the power strangely 
inherent in the missionary enterprise. 

The Turks are not far wrong when they say that it is the work 
of the missionary that has inspired the awakening of the Armenians 
to economic activity and new national aspirations. I was interested 
in reading a short time ago an address by Mr. K. T. Paul of India, 
much in line with the address we heard last night, where he was point- 
ing out how the Christian message had swept over India and had 
worked its way into the national consciousness to such a degree that 
men found a peculiar satisfaction in identifying Gandhi with Jesus. 
And Mr. K. T. Paul points out that this identification has moved 
along these lines: The selflessness of Jesus and of Gandhi; their 
absolute adherence to principle; their tender treatment of women and 
children; the utter transparency of their characters; their failure to 
win in the judgment of the world and yet their ability to win in the 
hearts of men. 

Now this is a great assurance to have, as we go into the future, 
to know out of past experience that the Christian message has this 
strange dynamic force by which it rouses communities that have been 
torpid and dead and stirs them into new activity and life. 

There is a third assurance that we may carry out of the past 
into the future and that is with reference to the power of the Chris- 
tian enterprise to work miracles of moral and spiritual transformation 
in countless individual lives. I know the sneers that are cast at the 


152 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


Christian convert. I know the skepticism that denies these moral 
and spiritual transformations. Yet, out of these 120 years of the 
modern missionary movement, we have simply in profusion the proofs 
of the miracle-working power of the living Christ. This, again, 
you may find in every level of human life. You may go into the 
jungle of Africa, where life is in its most primitive state and you 
will see it there, in countless instances, like that of Apolo of the 
Pigmy Forest, which you may have read. Or you may go to the 
very highest levels of a Brahmin pundit’s home and there in a life 
like that of Ramabai, you will see the fresh spiritual vision, the greater 
spiritual heights attained, when the gospel of Jesus Christ has en- 
tered into the heart and life. 

And yet I do not think that individual transformations consti- 
tute really as remarkable a proof of the power of the gospel as do 
communal transformations. As a result of the modern missionary 
enterprise, we have today something like 3,500,000 church members, 
communicants, throughout the world in non-Christian lands. You 
may multiply those figures by about five and you will get the Chris- 
tian community. You may take the Christian communities formed 
by these twenty million Christianized people and you may apply any 
test that you please and compare them with communities alongside 
drawn out of the same social levels, and by every test you will get 
results that prove the transforming and uplifting power of the gospel 
of Christ. 

For example, in China, five per cent of the people generally are 
literate. You go to the Christian community and it is not five per 
cent, it is sixty per cent of the men, forty per cent of the women. 
This is all the more remarkable because these Christian communities 
are, seventy-five per cent of them, in the villages, in the country dis- 
tricts, where literacy is usually lower. You may make the same 
comparison along other lines, along the line of the monogamous ideal, 
or the treatment of women and children, or public conscience, or 
service for public good, or social purity, or inner unity and loyalty, 
or thrift and industry. In all of these ways, you will find proof of 
the power of the gospel of Jesus Christ to uplift humanity. Now, it 
is a great thing to go into the future with this assurance, with the 
assurance that the gospel of Jesus Christ has this power both indi- 
vidually and in a communal way. 


But I want to press on to tell you of a fourth value that we 
may take out of the past into the future, and it has to do with the 
organizational development of the missionary enterprise. Perhaps 


INSPIRATION OF MISSIONARY ACHIEVEMENT 153 


we are in need of the contribution which the past may make at this 
point, for I find in our day a strange aversion, almost a hostility to 
institutional religion. If you want to get your Christian program 
across in a school or college you almost have to give it an unorgan- 
ized, unconventional form. This attitude, carried over to the mis- 
sionary enterprise, is quite likely to create in us a sort of hostility 
to the organizational development of the missionary enterprise. 

Now the past gives us abundant proof of the value of just this 
thing which we are so likely to disregard. It shows us the absolute 
necessity of organizational development. There are whole chapters 
of missionary history that would prove to you the futility of human 
effort, the pitiful waste of individual effort, when it is not properly 
accompanied by the conserving power of an organization, which may 
project it across the years and give to it stability. 

Then again, I think that the past teaches us some lessons with 
reference to the need for functional distinctions in our organizational 
life. We hear in these days much concerning the necessity for 
broadening the scope of the missionary enterprise. A recent article 
in the Atlantic Monthly suggested that there should be a complete 
change in the objective of foreign missions, and that the missionary 
enterprise should focus itself upon inter-racial and international diffi- 
culties. Others suggest purely social and industrial programs. Now, 
no one will deny the importance of these issues; their solutions all 
lie within the will of God. They all lie under the over-arching 
conception of the kingdom of God, but out of these past years I 
think we can also draw rich proof of the value of functional dis- 
tinctions, such as we observe in the organizational development of 
state and government, such as we observe in business and in our com- 
mercial enterprises. The foreign missionary enterprise has had a 
distinct functional, organizational development and the past bears 
abundant witness to the great efficiency it has possessed as a distinct 
movement within Christendom. 

And yet it is not this that I wanted to bring chiefly to your 
attention. What I wanted to bring to you was the realization that 
as you go out into the missionary enterprise today, into the future 
that is so intimately connected with the past, you do not go as a free 
lance missionary, as an individual working alone. You go out to 
connect yourself with a great organizational development. How 
great it is! You will realize its development here at the home base; 
the different denominational boards and their complex organization ; 
then these different mission boards have united together to form a 


154 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


Foreign Missions Conference of North America; similar unifying 
committees are found in Great Britain, in Switzerland, in France, in 
Germany, in Sweden, in South Africa. Then the realization came 
that all these national groups needed to be brought together; so there 
was organized the International Missionary Council. All of this is 
at the home base, a great organizational development through. which 
there go coursing into the foreign field from the home base lands 
something like $55,000,000 annually, while something like 29,000 mis- 
sionaries are supported continuously in the mission fields. 

When you go to the foreign field you find a similar organiza- 
tional development. Here you have (and I need merely remind you 
of it) the double development of the church, on the one hand, and 
of the mission, on the other. The mission represents the projection 
of the home base to the foreign field, a temporary organization; the 
church represents the indigenous planting of the kingdom of God 
in each of these lands. 

I say I do not need to describe to you this complex organiza- 
tional development, for you will have gotten a conception of it from 
that splendid survey that Dr. Warnshuis has given you in the little 
booklet that was put in your hands as you came to this convention. 
But as you go into the future, remember that you do not go into 
the missionary enterprise in that simple, individual way in which men 
went into it one hundred years ago. You go to take your place in a 
great organizational development which you must understand if you 
would relate yourself properly to it. It is not something to be ignored 


or trifled with. It represents measureless toil and patience, count-- 


less negotiations and conferences, the wisdom and foresight of worthy 
men and women in the past who sought to gain efficiency and stability 
and coordination for the work of the Kingdom of God. 

And yet having said all this, I must ask you, before I leave this 
point, to face about, to remember that this elaborate organizational 
development must always be looked upon with a measure of sus- 
picion, or at least we must always be on our guard against its tyranny 
over us. We must control it; it must not control us. The great 
conference that was recently held in Shanghai gave us some intima- 
tion of how the native churches may be groaning and straining be- 
neath an organizational development that does not give adequate ex- 
pression to their life, to the very life that it is supposed to conserve 
and that it is supposed to project. So we must be prepared in the 
days to come for changes, changes that will reshape the organizational 
life of the Church of Christ in foreign lands, so as to adapt it to the 
life and spirit of the lands across the sea. 


— 


INSPIRATION OF MISSIONARY ACHIEVEMENT 155 


I come from a Moslem country. As yet there is no church 
formed out of Moslem material. Sometimes I dream of the future 
when Christ shall be enthroned in the life of those lovable Moslem 
peoples. As I think of that future I like to think of it not in terms 
of the destruction of the mosques and the minarets; I like to think 
of the day rather when there will be the call to Christian prayer in 
the minarets of these mosques; when in the great silences of those 
vast enclosures open to the sky there will be the abundant worship 
of the Christian God, instead of the accentuated intellectual human 
discourses that characterize our western church services. 

We go into the future, therefore, with full recognition of the 
necessity and value of organizational equipment in the performance 
of our great task, but resolved to modify and mould mercilessly the 
form of that organization so that it may express and subserve more 
perfectly the life that it is meant both to conserve and project. 


In closing, I would point out that we can carry out of the past 
into the future one more assurance. It is the assurance that this 
Christian enterprise constitutes one of the most dynamic agencies for 
providing a stable and adequate foundation for international and 
inter-racial friendliness and cooperation. I imagine that today we 
realize the importance of international and inter-racial problems as 
we did not realize them even four days ago. Everywhere we are 
hearing about them. As Mr. John Dewey has said, “The war has 
churned up and brought to the surface all the passions, and racial 
feeling is now in its most exacerbated state.” How shall we solve 
these problems? Where shall we put our lives in order to help pro- 
vide a solution? I know of no place where that solution may be 
found more perfectly than in the missionary enterprise, in this enter- 
prise where men are seeking to find a solution of the trouble by 
establishing a real spiritual foundation for the brotherhood of man; 
where men are presenting the richest conception of God that there 
is, the Fatherhood of God; where men have cast their lives into 
these different countries in order that they may discover the best 
that is in them and in order that they interpret the best to men of 
other lands; this enterprise where men by their sacrificial service 
and by their sacrificial institutions,—orphanages and asylums and 
hospitals and relief agencies,—are illustrating to men of other races 
a love and friendliness that can bridge the great racial divides. It is 
a great thing to go into the future knowing that we have an enter- 
prise that ministers so directly and effectively to one of the most 
crucial problems of our times. 


156 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


My friends, as we go out from this past into the future, we 
propose to go out as free men, not at all shackled by the traditions 
of the past. But surely we want to go also undergirded with the 
convictions and the experience and the guiding principles and the in- 
spiration of that past, to build our lives and the work of our lives on 
the sure foundation of the countless men and women of the past, 
of whom one can only speak with high admiration and with deep 
emotion, men and women to whom one may well apply the lines 
penned by the same pen that gave us our beautiful hymn, “The 
Church’s One Foundation,” 


“Their names are names of kings 
Of heavenly line; 

The bliss of earthly things 
Who did resign. 


“Chieftains they were who warred 
With sword and shield, 

Victors for God, the Lord, 
On foughten field. 


“A city of great name 
Is built for them, 

Of golden, glorious fame, 
Jerusalem. 


“Redeemed by precious blood 
From death and sin, 
Sons of the triune God, 
They entered in. 


“Thus did their life of pain 
In glory close, 

Lord God, may we attain 
Their grand repose.” 


THE EUROPEAN SITUATION 


MORAL AND SPIRITUAL CONDITIONS IN EUROPE 


ApotepH KELLER 


Secretary of the European Central Bureau for Relief and European Repre- 
sentative of the Federal Council of Churches in America 


One of the most striking differences between American and 
European Protestantism is that American Protestantism is dynamic, 
optimistic, forward-looking and aggressive, while European Prot- 
estantism, at least on the continent, seems to be defensive, pessimistic 
and passive. 

I can illustrate this difference by two words. On the walls of 
a dungeon where Huguenot prisoners were kept in past centuries, 
you still can find the French word “resistez’”’ written by the trem- 
bling hands of a brave Huguenot woman in an effort to encourage her 
fellow sufferers. Your slogan is another one. I hear it sounding 
imperiously through the addresses before this large gathering. It 
is the word ““attack.” Resist! on the one side, attack! on the other. 

The defensive attitude of European, or at least of Continental 
Protestantism, is not the result of a lack of faith, but is due to the 
fact that it has been too long connected perhaps with the political 
powers, that it has had to fight harder for its very existence and 
that at the present time it is face to face with destructive powers 
which seem to be more demoniac than human. 

Of these the most destructive is the power of hatred, which 
makes it extremely difficult for the Prince of Peace to find any place 
which He can call His own. Official America turns away her face 
from this spectacle but Christian America should remember that 
Christ never turned away His face from a world of chaos, sin and 
distress, but was moved with compassion and on one occasion wept 
over the walls of Jerusalem because there was no peace there, 

157 


158 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


Beside this hatred, there is a spirit of disintegration at work at 
the very foundations of old Europe. Your life shows a marked 
tendency towards standardization, not only of life habits but of moral 
ideals and the essentials of Christianity. Our European life tends 
more towards disintegration, dissolving the authority of the state, 
the communion of the family and the unity of a common conception 
of life and its ideals. 

But while this disintegration is visible only to the more dis- 
cerning minds, there is another power of destruction at work of 
which even the man in the street is conscious, and which is menac- 
ing not only the life and health of millions, but the morality, the faith 
and the ideals of a whole generation. I refer to the material needs, 
the famine and starvation throughout Central Europe. 

We have not known until the present how closely morality and 
ideals are connected with sane economic and hygienic conditions. 
We thought our moral ideals were like stars, high above us, and not 
to be obscured from below by any earthly conditions. We have 
learned now that hunger, cold and isolation have most terrible effects 
on the inner life of man. It is humiliating for us to admit that 
hunger, cold and isolation have this power to lower the ideals, to 
reduce the sense of responsibility, to paralyze the will, to envenom 
the soul and to lead strong men and women to unbelief:and even to 
crime. But we must admit it, for we have seen it with our own eyes. 
The European Central Bureau of Relief, which I represent, could 
give many examples of the distress throughout Europe and its terrible 
moral and religious. consequences. 

Let me say just a few words about the condition of students and 
the general spiritual crisis of the European religious world. Three 
weeks ago I made a trip through Germany, Czecho-Slovakia, Austria 
and France. I saw in Berlin the thin wooden huts for students, 
erected in the courtyard of a former military barrack. While you 
are well fed, lodged and clothed, dear friends, these poor students 
live in small, bare and miserable rooms, many not warmly clothed, 
sleeping on mattresses without linen, and thousands of them under- 
nourished. ; 

In Vienna, in the Christian Students’ Home, there is such a lack 
of rooms that often two or three students have to sleep in one bed. 
Many of these German students do eight hours daily work, not in 
the holidays but during the school year, in order to earn their living 
and to be able to continue their studies. They go into banks and 
other offices, or serve as waiters in the cafeterias, or as piano players 
in the cinemas, and are glad for any sort of work which offers them 


MORAL AND SPIRITUAL CONDITIONS IN EUROPE 159 


a living during their school years. Thousands of students can no 
longer buy the necessary books. J had an interview in Berlin with 
Professor Richter and Professor Deissmann. The latter told me 
that they have in his Seminary two hundred theological students, 
many of whom are no longer able to buy a Greek New Testament, 
or handbooks or dictionaries. J heard the same complaint in Vienna. 

You will understand now why many are afraid to enter a career 
which begins with hunger and sometimes ends in starvation. It de- 
mands heroism today to be a student in Europe. You see now from 
these examples why it is difficult for us to adopt your slogan “at- 
tack.” We have to resist hunger and cold, to resist materialism, to 
resist isolation, to resist despair. 

You will remember how the Swedish king, Gustav Adolf, went 
to the Continent during the seventeenth century in order to save 
European Protestantism. Later on, a chapel was erected on the bat- 
tlefield of Lutzen where he fell. Recently the bell has been stolen 
from this memorial chapel. May I take that as a symbol? The bell 
has been stolen from many European churches. In Germany the 
religious press—a mighty bell—is disappearing. Evangelical insti- 
tutions—another sounding bell—are being closed. The work of pas- 
tors and social workers, which should give the clearest gospel sound, 
is feeble because many of these men are exhausted or starving. 
Many pastors have been forced to abandon their pastoral work and 
go into banks, even into mines and factories to earn a living for 
themselves and their families. 

There are innumerable institutions, orphanages, deaconess houses, 
homes, etc., which can no longer be run without foreign help. The 
faculties of some of the universities are menaced. An assistant pro- 
fessor could not accept the call of another university because he 
could not pay the expenses incident to the transfer. The libraries 
can no longer be supplied with the necessary books. In Germany 
more than five hundred church papers and periodicals have disap- 
peared within the last two years. The religious press in Germany re- 
ports forty-five per cent fewer subscribers than before. The Evan- 
gelical Federation in Berlin recently had to sell its stock of paper, 
which was needed for printing supplies, in order to pay the salaries of 
the workers. The German Bible societies are in the greatest diffi- 
culties. Thousands are crying out for the Bible, especially in Russia 
where the Bible is passing out of the hands of the people because the 
few existing copies have fallen to pieces and many cannot afford to 
buy new ones. In some countries like Austria Bible colporteurs sell 


160 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


as many as three hundred Bibles per month; in Russia a license cost- 
ing one franc is necessary before one can import Bibles. 

The middle class in Germany is dying. This class generously 
supported all kinds of Protestant work before the war. Their disap- 
pearance means a severe blow to Protestantism. 

On the other hand, Catholicism’ is progressing. We have a_ 
common saying over in Europe that from the military point of view, 
France won the war; from the political, England; from the economic, 
America; from the racial, the Slav; from the cultural, the Jews, and 
from the religious viewpoint, the Roman Catholic Church. There 
is much truth in this saying. 

You understand now why I said the bell has been stolen, but 
remember that before this distress, this bell was ringing. Do not 
forget that ours was not a “do nothing” Christianity over in Europe. 
Remember, for instance, the wonderful contribution of Germany to 
missionary work in every part of the non-Christian world during the 
last two centuries. Before the war a great number of missionary 
societies flourished in Germany. Professor Richter said to me three 
weeks ago, “We are nearly in despair over our missionary societies. 
We have men, we have training schools, we still retain some mission 
fields, but we have no funds to send our men out. A Scotch Society 
has asked us to send back fifty missionaries to a former German 
mission field which was taken over temporarily during the war, but 
we cannot afford it, for lack of money.” 

Or take France. There are 800,000 French Protestants. These 
devoted Christians have undertaken a great and wonderful mis- 
sionary task which is now too big for this small group. Although 
supported by most heroic missionary zeal, the work has had to be re- 
duced because these French Protestants must first take care of their 
home churches, their students, eighty-eight of whom are now studying 
in the theological schools of France, their pastors, and their evan- 
gelistic work. Without help from other countries they cannot con- 
tinue to finance their missionary work. 

At the present time the task of supporting these European mis- 
sionary societies, especially those in Germany, rests on the shoulders 
of the churches in neutral countries. The churches of Sweden, 
Holland, Switzerland, Denmark and Norway not only have to bear 
the burden of their own missionary work but also of the work of 
missionary societies in neighboring countries. 

In countries like Czecho-Slovakia, with a million Protestants, 
as also in Belgium, Hungary, Austria and Poland, the Protestant 
churches are still occupied chiefly with building up their own church 


MORAL AND SPIRITUAL CONDITIONS IN EUROPE 161 


organization. The churches in several of these countries are still 
too young and undeveloped for foreign burdens; first they must 
develop the home church, then home evangelism, and then foreign 
missionary work. 

The bell is stolen, but the spirit is still there. European Prot- 
estantism at the present time is passing through the most serious 
crisis we have ever had since the Reformation. Nevertheless, Euro- 
pean Protestant Churches have not lost courage, even though they 
are at grips with a most godless world in tune with the devil. 

One of the books which is most read at the present time in Cen- 
tral Europe, in fact, in the whole German speaking world, is a book 
by Professor Spengler entitled “The Downfall of Western Culture.” 
The value of science, of education, of psychological and social meth- 
ods have indeed become problematic. The Church itself and its 
work have become problematic. Even the knowledge of God has 
become problematic and we are passing through a spiritual crisis, as 
is shown in an amazing movement, led by Professor Barth, among 
the younger pastors and students in the German speaking world. 
He lays a new emphasis on the transcendency of God and says, “God 
was too much and too easily identified with men’s aims, with church 
work, with our moral ideals, in fact, with the world. God is not 
to be found in this world.” He finds that God and men are oppo- 
sites; that there is no bridge from mankind to Him. No theology, 
neither orthodox nor liberal, no piety, no morality can build this 
bridge—only Christ alone. 

The Christians were sometimes called “Strangers” in the world 
but now God Himself has become the Stranger Who is no longer 
understoad in this world. It seems not to be His work but the work 
of a bad demon, as was said centuries before by the agnostic sect 
of Marcion. 

All that we know is that we are under the overhanging rock 
of eternity, that we cannot climb it by our own efforts, but only as 
God lends us His hand through Jesus Christ. That means a crisis 
in religious activity in our best moral and religious endeavors, in 
religion itself as we have understood it hitherto. 

You will find, as a result of this crisis, among many of the 
young men and women, a noble revolt against all that is formal and 
merely institutional in religion; against the spirit of war, against the 
spirit of Mammon in our world. Professor Deissman told me in 
Berlin just recently that a fine spirit is pervading the two hundred 
theological students in that city, and that he now looks with hope 


162 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


on these young men who have to maintain their faith amidst such 
difficulties and in such a crisis. 

They want a new heroism of faith, even if it is not expressed 
immediately in active work but must wait for God’s action. God’s 
spirit seems to lead us just now not into progressive work, but 
keeps us waiting by hunger, distress, isolation and humiliation. We _ 
implore you, dear friends, to respect for a while this waiting atti- 
tude, this humiliation, this listening for God’s word in an abyss of 
misery and distress. Kes sacra miser. The unfortunate man is 
sacred. . 

I feel sure that when we have gone through this dark valley, 
then a new period of activity will come. Only now we have to wait, 
to resist, to cry for help. You can attack; you can go out into the 
world; you wish to save it. Well then, listen to the call which comes 
once more from Europe: ‘Come over and help us!” 

But this should not be done by an Americanization of the Euro- 
pean churches, or of their religious life. They are different from 
you; they have another history; though they are in need, they wish 
to maintain their own life. By sharing in a brotherly way their 
need, their humiliation, their weakness, and their despair, by helping 
them to maintain their own religious life, American Protestantism 
will do spiritual relief work in the right way and render much needed 
help. 

We in the neutral countries of Sweden, Norway, Denmark, 
Holland, Switzerland and Great Britain will try to do the same. We 
want your help because we, as helping countries, are too small for 
the tremendous task of saving European Protestantism. We want 
your cooperation in saving the old Mother Churches. We must first 
save what remains in Protestantism, and then perhaps increase the 
spirit of evangelism in other European Churches where it is so greatly 
needed today. 

You, as students, continue to be confronted with the same tasks 
that have confronted you during the last few years. Your Euro- 
pean comrades are waiting for your help because they are suffering, 
many of them even more at the present time than ever before. They 
make splendid efforts of their own, in the neutral countries as well 
as in the suffering ones, to help themselves by mutual support and 
cooperation; but they cannot go on unless you help them a little 
longer with your friendly cooperation and your gifts. In granting 
this, you build for the future and contribute in a considerable. measure 
to the forming of a new internationalism of service and goodwill. 

Relief work at the present time means more than help to hun- 


STUDENTS IN EUROPE AND RUSSIA 163 


gering and starving peoples. It means preparing an atmosphere, a 
new understanding, a stimulating influence towards great coopera- 
tive and federative movements. In helping the suffering churches, 
educational institutions and faculties over there, we do not mean to 
relieve them of extreme effort and struggle. On the contrary, if I 
may again refer to my former illustration, we are merely helping to 
hang up the old bell, that they may ring it again themselves. 


STUDENTS IN EUROPE AND RUSSIA 


GLENN HarbDING 


Graduate Student at the University of Chicago and Chairman of the Executive 
Committee of the Student Fellowship for Christian Life Service 


We have just received a cablegram from Germany, and I will 
read you the translation: 


“Remembering with deep gratitude your most generous help we send you 
all Christmas greetings and New Year’s wishes, convinced beyond doubt that 
with your brotherly help we shall be able to conquer the hopelessly increasing 
suffering of the German students.” 

(Signed) Srtr-Hetp BurEAU oF THE GERMAN STUDENT UNION. 


I wish that each one of you might have had the opportunity of 
coming in contact with these brothers of ours in foreign lands. There 
is a great fraternity of youth abroad in the world. It is not based 
upon the gratitude of a less fortunate people, but upon a common 
bond which finds expression in a common task, in common thinking 
upon the problems that we have been facing in this convention, and 
in a common appreciation of and mutual respect for one another. 

I want you people clearly to understand that when I was abroad, 
meeting many European people, I had no feeling of superiority. The 
talk that passed between those students centered around serious prob- 
lems, and they have thought so deeply and so seriously upon these 
problems that, as I listened, I felt I had missed a great deal. 

I want to relate one incident that will show you the nature of 
our friendship. I entered the city of Prague late at night with only - 
the address of a friend. I imagined it would be a simple matter to 
find him. I didn’t realize the complexity of the language that was 
facing me. I confess I never had such a lost feeling in my life. The 
only word in the vocabulary that I could hang on to was “Studentskt.” 


164 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


I managed to put that across to a street car conductor, and he put 
me off at dormitories that the students had built for themselves. 
It turned out to be the wrong address, because I was after the 
“Studentski Domov,” which is a product of the gifts of you students. 

I could not find my friend there. There was a great international 
affair in Prague, which filled every available lodging space with 
people coming from other countries. I had the prospect of facing 
a cold and dreary night, out upon the streets. At last I met a German 
student, and in very halting fashion asked him if he could direct me 
to the home of this friend of mine. He informed me that he knew 
the gentleman, but that he was out of town. ; 

Now, I want you to think how many of you people would have 
done what this student did on meeting a strange American, look- 
ing none too respectable, out there at night without a home. This 
German friend invited me to spend the night with him; I did so, 
I had an opportunity to see the poverty in which he was living. He 
offered to give me his bed clothes. He would sleep on the bare, 
homemade straw mattress. He gave me some sort of a pie, I don’t 
know how to describe it, a prune affair of immense proportions, that 
he had brought from home. I took some of it, but I did not realize 
until the next day that he was living on that. He shared with me 
without the slightest restraint, and there was no reason why he should 
have done so, judging by practices current in this land of profit and 
selfishness. 

For this reason I am glad to read to you another cablegram 
that we have received: 


“Anonymous contributor promises at least $50,000 German Student Relief 
to match student gift dollar for dollar, relying on students to raise their pro- 
portion as promptly as possible.” 


You have heard of the situation in those countries. You know 
the need. It is only necessary to say that from the reports we have 
received from such men as Jerry Voorhees conditions are getting 
worse. It has been necessary to incorporate in the budget of the 
Student Friendship Fund an additional $150,000 to cover the Ger- 
man situation; $75,000 of that is the students’ share. 

I wish to ask you if we have been facing up to the challenge 
‘ of this convention. Have you been looking for something concrete 
to lay hold upon? Let us not overlook this simple expedient, because 
we are so anxious to do something bigger and better. It is harder 
for us, perhaps, to realize the immense influence of this friendly 
action between students of this land and students of those needy 


STUDENTS IN EUROPE AND RUSSIA 165 


lands, but it is a real opportunity for us to show our Christian 
sincerity. 

Do we realize what we are contributing to? The clothes that 
go to those students go not for society use, but to keep them warm 
enough that they may continue to work in their cold rooms. The 
food that goes to them is not for gratification of an Epicurean desire, 
but it is to enable their minds to continue to function actively and 
clearly, and not to falter from sheer weariness. The books that go 
to them are the workman’s tools, and all of these things are con- 
tributing towards our common world task. 

Christ’s friendship was a continuing one. It did not go in 
spurts and starts and flag in the middle, but it was continued at all 
times. Has that been our desire in this Student Friendship Fund? 
Do we need continual crises to draw out our finer selves? Can we 
not go back to the campus determined to take the initiative in this 
thing and put it across? Let this Student Friendship Fund, so simple 
in method, so powerful in influence, be Christ’s friendship in action. 


QA Praper 


E. Fay CAMPBELL 


We thank Thee tonight, O God, that Thou hast given us 
food for our health. We thank Thee that Thou hast given 
us the privilege of college and all the other opportunities that 
are ours and make our live abundant, full of freedom and fun. 
Tonight, our God, we come to Thee to ask Thy forgiveness for 
the misuse of all these things that Thou has given us. We ask 
Thee that Thou wouldst forgive us for wanting so much food 
when so many of our brothers and sisters are hungry tonight; 
that Thou wouldst forgive us for having such expensive clothes 
and so many, when many of our brothers and sisters are in 
rags tonight; that Thou wouldst forgive us for our lazy and 
disorganized lives which keep us from getting the most out of 
our college work. 

O God, we ask Thee that Thou wouldst enable us to really 
care for folks, care enough that we will share everything that 
we have with others. 

We pray that we may listen tonight with an interest that 
is grounded in love, that will not let us go. In the name of 
Christ our Savior. Amen 


COUNTRIES 


AFRICA 


ProFessor J. E. Kwecyir AGGREY 


Member of the Educational Commission to East Africa 


I would have been ready with my overcoat off, but I thought I 
was to be the last speaker.* The snow that was scheduled to reach 
here this. morning was delayed. I was scheduled to speak here this 
morning. I was delayed. The snow decided to come this afternoon 
and be a true representative of the spirit of this gathering, but the 
snow falls tonight, and Africa is on deck. The meeting of the East 
and the West, the meeting of the tropics and the snow, prophetic of 
a union that is going to transform this world and bring the races to 
the foot of the cross. 

My country ’tis of thee, 
Dear land of Africa, 
Of thee I sing. 
Land where my fathers died, 
Land of the Negroes’ pride, 
From every mountain-side, 
God’s truth shall ring. 


God’s truth shall ring until Africa, too, will have her chance to 
make a contribution, not only to civilization but to the Christianization 
of this world. 

“Crown Him with many crowns,” we sing, and I am wondering 
when we sing that, if we remember that the Kingdom of our Lord 
and his Christ will not be completed until every single race through- 
out the whole world has had a chance to make its contribution and 
win its crown. “Crown Him with many crowns.” 


* The Chairman’s introduction of Dr. Aggrey as the next speaker was 
unexpected, and accounts for the apologetic character of this opening para- 
graph.—EDIror. 

167 


168 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


As the representative of between two and four hundred million 
black peoples scattered all over the world, but especially throughout 
Africa and the Americas, I come principally to thank America, the 
United States of America and Canada, for what she has done for us; 
—for the great work you have done for my people and for me; for 
the love that you have exhibited; for the funds you have poured out. 
For all these we want to thank you. 

A telegram has just come from an African of South Africa, 
asking this convention in the name of that great country to “come 
over to Macedonia and help us.” | 

You will not blame me if I insist on continuing to thank you 
because the educational work of that continent, ninety-five per cent 
of it at least, is the gift of the missionaries. But for the missionaries 
ninety-five per cent of the education and training, now being given, 
would not be given. Therefore you will not blame me if I say, that 
very humbly do I come to thank you. 

As I sat here and listened to the many speakers from Latin 
America, the Near East, the Far East, beloved China, great Japan, 
classical India and all of the others, I looked upon my country, and 
I said, “What shall I say?” and I said, “When I stand up, I will 
tell them that my case reminds me of a young woman who went to 
a Roman Catholic father to confess. 

The Father said, “Daughter, what can I do for you? What 
have you done?” 

She said, “Father, a young man kissed me.” 

The Father said, “Well, daughter, how many times did he kiss 
you?” 

She looked into the face of the Father and said, “Father, I came 
to confess and not to boast.” 

I come tonight, therefore, to confess how much we are indebted 
to you. I also come to say that two or three years ago when I went 
back to Africa on the Educational Commission there were about 
eleven of us who were black, and all the others were white. I always 
say that I was put on to lend color to the situation. 

We went over to Senagambia, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Gold 
Coast, Nigeria, Cameroon, French Congo, Angola, Orange Free 
State, Transvaal, the head-waters of the Congo, and then we swept 
back. As we went we found a lot of restlessness all over Africa. It 
was vocal in the British colonies, subdued in the other colonies. 
Wherever the missionaries have been for any time it was still more 
vocal, and I thank God for that restlessness. Some people are afraid 
of it. You talk about the Youth Movements in other countries. 


AFRICA 169 


There is a Youth Movement coming in Africa that some day may 
startle the world. 

Why was I happy because this restlessness was more vocal in the 
British colonies and where the missionaries have been longest? 
Because those people who were allowed to speak, were speaking to 
the credit of Great Britain and some of the other countries. For 
example, we are told that when you are paralyzed, and the leg that 
is paralyzed is run through with a needle, if you don’t feel any pain 
it is a sign of death. When you begin to feel the pain, it is a sign 
of life. So wherever the missionaries have gone, they are giving 
life and the people are becoming vocal. Why are they more vocal 
in the British colonies? The reason is that Great Britain has a pe- 
culiar way of stopping revolution. Revolution never occurs unless 
there has been pent up feeling for a long time, steam that wants to 
get out, but can’t get out. 

I was at Hyde Park, and I heard people say things against the 
king, against the premier, and against parliament that they would 
not dare to say even in this free country. I watched and I said, “I 
see the genius of Great Britain.” The feelings are pent up. These 
speeches let the gas out and when it comes to revolution, there is not 
enough steam to blow anything up. So in the colonies they allow the 
people to let off steam, they permit them to say what they feel. Then 
they know what the natives are thinking about, and can go ahead 
to find out the right remedy. 

This restlessness all over Africa stands for self-discovery and 
self-realization. It tells of power just breaking through. The great 
continent has been asleep for a long time. It is now waking up. 
This restlessness is sweeping over the country. In the west is the 
British West African Congress; in the South is the Native Con- 
gress; in the East there is another Congress, and throughout the 
other countries where I went and where I could understand things 
that other folks could not, I knew this restlessness was everywhere. 

It is one of the greatest challenges to Christianity. This 
Niagara, if allowed to sweep through the land, may deluge and inun- 
date cities and towns and bring forth ruin. If under God it can 
be harnessed, it will turn a dynamo and generate electricity, that 
will illuminate that great continent, chase out the utter darkness, 
and bring a new Africa into being. It is left to us, Christians of this 
country, who have seen the light, to go and harness that Niagara. 

A few years ago, when the war was going on, the African of 
the East, the African of the South and the African of the West, 
with some West Indies and some American Negroes, met together 


170 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


for the first time, in East Africa. There they exchanged views and 
ideas. They found out that they were going through the same ex- 
periences. When they parted they had new ideas, and the Africa 
of twenty years ago is now gone and gone forever. There is a new 
Africa coming today, and it is a challenge to civilization. 

There are many people here who say that Mohammedanism is 
a menace, that it is sweeping over my country and is beating back the 
Cross. We native Africans aren’t afraid of that. Mohammedanism 
is the greatest challenge to Christianity in Africa. 

Other countries have appealed to you, and they ask you to come 
to their lands. Some of them have been appealing for ten years, 
some for twenty years, some for thirty years; but my country, Africa, 
has been appealing to America, the great continent of America, not 
for ten years, not for twenty years, but for three hundred years. 

When in 1619 the first black slaves were landed in Jamestown 
the first challenge was given to this country to come over to Africa 
and help us. When the people who came from Morocco met my 
people, we refused to be made Mohammedans. We retreated into 
the tall trees, and by some sort of providence, quite a number of 
my people were brought into this country, to appeal to you to come 
over and help us. But you looked into our faces instead of heeding 
our call and said, “Black man, are you good for anything? Is there 
any hope for your country?” 

We said, “Try us.” 

You took us to the wilderness and with our song and joy we 
helped you make the wilderness blossom as the rose. You took us 
to the rivers and we helped to bridge them. You took us to the 
mountains and we helped to tunnel them. 

Then we looked at you again and said, “Won’t you go over to 
our country and help us?” 

“Black man of Africa, is there any future for you?” 

We answered, “Try us.” 

“You have given brawn,” you said. “Can you give blood?” 

We said, “Try us,” and you tried us, thank God, and on Christ- 
mas of 1770 on Boston Common the first blood in the Revolutionary 
War was spilled. We went on until Salem Poor did his part, and 
Peter Salem away out yonder answered, and John Freeman at Gris- 
wold also answered, and all through the line in New Orleans under 
General Jackson we did what we could. 

But that was not enough. Then the war between the brothers 
of the North and the brothers of the South came. 

“Black man, can you do anything ?” 


AFRICA 171 


We said, “Try us.” 

_ Abraham Lincoln called and we said, “We are coming, Father 
Abraham, 100,000 strong.” 

And they gave us the flag. They said, “You may die, but never 
surrender this flag,” and one black sergeant said, “Master, I will 
bring back these colors in honor or report to God the reason why.” 
He did report to his God with his blood, but the colors were brought 
back. 

You know what William Carney did when they told him, “Carry 
these colors.” He did it. He was shot, wounded and came back 
and as he fell exhausted, he said, “Boys, the old flag never touched 
the ground.” 

But the South said, “Yes, black people, you can give blood all 
right, but are you able to give that which is more important than 
blood ?” 

We said, “Try us.” And, thank God, when they were going to 
war, they left their daughters, their wives, their sons in our charge, 
and there has not been one record where the black man, the slave man 
or the slave woman went back on his or her charge. We went 
through and were loyal. 

Both sides can look at us. The Gray can look at us and say, 
“You did your part.” The Blue can look at us and say, “You did 
your part.” 

Then another war came, the Spanish-American War, and they 
asked us, “Black man, can you do your part?” 

We said, “Try us again.” 

We went over there, and somebody said at San Juan as they 
began to charge, “Let us sing a song.” “What shall we sing?” 

They said, “My Country, ’Tis of Thee.” 

Then some one said, “Oh, you can’t sing that, because it is not 
your country.” 

Some one else said, “Sing the Stars and Stripes Forever.” 

“No,” some one answered, “the other fellows get all the stars 
and we get all the stripes.” 

So they sang a song that was never heard on the battlefield 
before :—“There’ll be a hot time in the old town tonight.” Uphill 
we went, and the Spanish people said they were scared more by the 
yell and whoop of the black people than by their shot and shell. 

Again, the World War came, and they said, “Black people of 
America, can you play your part?” 

We said, “Try us,” and the white people went over there singing 
and swinging to the rhythm of great American music. They went 


172 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


to Paris and said, ‘Mother France, here we are, because you gave 
us Lafayette.” 

Then some one, who always liked to joke, said, “What can you 
black folks say?” 

The black people said, “We have come, France, because you 
gave us Alexandre Dumas.” 

When the train, filled with white boys, good ieolane soldiers 
ready to do battle, swept through Salisbury, this slogan was on the 
outside of one of the coaches, ““We are going to show the Kaiser 
that he cannot rule the white world.” 

Then somebody joked us and said, “Now what can you black 
folks say?” Then we also swung a train from Asheville, going up 
by way of Greensboro to Washington, and we had this slogan on 
it: ‘We are going to show the Kaiser that fast black won’t run.” 

I, coming from Africa, want to thank the colored members of 
this great country for what you have done. Your loyalty has stirred 
us, and you want to keep on. If you fail and are disloyal, it makes 
us bow our heads in shame. You have never done it, and we, back 
there, are not going to do it. We are going to stand by you. Some 
day Africa may be able to make some small contribution. — 

I haven’t much time, I must move on. I bring, therefore, the 
challenge of Africa. Africa has tried in the best way she knows 
to help all nations. I could tell about Spain and Portugal. Of 
France you all know. When Marshal Foch was mustering his people 
against the onrush of the Germans, somebody went and said, “Mar- 
shal, supposing they come and kill all of us and take Paris, what are 
you going to do?” He said, “Bring up the Africans, they will stop 
them,” and they brought up the Senegalese. 

Just now we are having a lot of trouble Christianizing the world. 
The white, the brown, the red and the yellow are being brought into. 
the ranks, but don’t you know that this big war, the war of the 
Cross, is never going to end in victory until some one comes and 
brings up the Africans? They will come with their song, with their 
joy, with their hope, and with their loyalty. Never, thank God, have 
we produced a man who has been guilty of treason, and we hope 
never to produce one. 

Some people took to war; we took to love; some people took 
to hate; we took to song; some people took to anger; we took to 
laughter ; some people took to despair; we took to hope. 

“Patrol is going to get you; the bloodhound is going.to get you; 
you can’t run as fast as the bloodhounds; what are you going to do, 
black man?” In the darkest part of the night when everybody else 


AFRICA 173 


may have despaired, we looked and we saw, long before our white 
brothers thought of an airplane, “Swing Low, Sweet Chariot, Coming 
for to Carry Me Home.” 

This is the race that pleads with America now. We come with 
our love and our loyalty. Please help us. But I may say one thing 
in passing. It is this: I want to thank you all for the new signs 
of hope. In my pocket I have that discussion book on Racial Rela- 
tions. Ten years ago nobody would have thought that a book like 
this could be written and be discussed in the colleges and universi- 
ties of this country. It is a sign of hope. 

I leave tomorrow afternoon for my home in Salisbury. On 
Saturday morning I sail on the Aquitania. I am going to Marseilles, 
then to Dr. Watson’s native country, Egypt. He was born in Africa 
and I was born in Africa. He is a native and I am a native, but 
I am indigenous. From Egypt I expect to go on to the Sudan, then 
to Southern and Northern Rhodesia. Wherever I go, I shall give 
this message, which I have found in the colleges and universities of 
this continent. A new spirit is coming throughout the South and 
the North. Let us be patient. You can never beat prejudice by a 
frontal attack, because there is mere emotion at the root of it. When 
there is emotion at the root of anything you cannot beat it by a 
frontal attack. Always flank it. You can catch more flies with 
molasses and sugar than you can with vinegar. 

I went to Washington and Lee University on one occasion and 
spoke eight times. Half of the graduating students stood up and 
gave their lives to Africa. That is a sign. I spoke at Columbus, and 
when I made the appeal for Africa and my people in this country, 
one man stood up and said, “I was born in Mobile, and I stand here 
to say that I am going to go back and spend the rest of my life in 
seeing that there is more justice between whites and blacks.” An- 
other man said he was from Kentucky. Another old man said, “Son, 
I was a Confederate officer, but the war is over; we are going to make 
this country the best country in the world.” 

You can’t tell North from South today. Let us be patient. It 
will take time, and I want to back up you young men of the South. 
I know what you have to go through, and you, young men and 
young women of the North, I also know what you are going through. 
We know our friends from our enemies, and we know that things 
are going to be better. As we get closer we shall find out that all 
of us are the sons and daughters of the same Father. 

Once upon a time there was a great show in the South. Into 
that show they brought a cage, in which was a great Bengal tiger. 


174 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


The tiger turned around and around and tried to scare everybody. 
There was a man who would go into that cage and put his hand on 
the tiger’s neck, but this time, the man who used to go in there took 
sick, so he went to an Irishman and said, “Pat, I want you to go in 
there,” and Pat said, “All right.” 

When the time came and the Bengal tiger was brought in, he 
turned around in his cage and was so ferocious that Pat got scared. 

The man said, “Put your hand on him.” 

Just as he was about to do this, the Bengal tiger quickly turned 
around, ready to pounce on him. 

The Irishman said, “Faith and begorra, I’m dead, I’m Mead. 4 

But as he said that, up spoke the tiger, “Don’t be afraid. I 
am nothing but an old Irishman myself.” 

And so when we get closer and closer together, we will soon 
learn not to be afraid, because we are nothing but old Irishmen 
ourselves. 

Somebody spoke of the rising tide of color. Stoddard is a 
great writer but he misses his point. He is not a scientific writer, 
only pseudo-scientific. I don’t believe in the rising tide of color. 

There is restlessness among the races, to be sure, but I don’t 
believe that the Nordic race ought to be put down, by the red, black 
and yellow getting together with the brown and putting down the 
white. What you win by war, you have to keep by war. What I 
say is this—no man down, all men up, each of us as races making 
our best contributions to the life of all. 

There is a lesson for us in football. We have the quarter back 
and the right and left tackle and the right and left half, and then 
the center and the full back. Somebody calls the signals, but there 
must be interference, the ball must be carried over and when it is 
carried over it will be not one person, not the team, but the college . 
that won. All of them, white, black, yellow, brown, all—all men 
up and no man down, for each of us has a contribution to make. 

Now, can anything good come out of Africa? Yes, most cer- 
tainly. I am sorry my time is gone. I want to say one thing more 
before I sit down. Africa has a contribution to make to the Chris- 
tianity of the world. They brought gifts unto Christ—“gold, frank- 
incense, and myrrh.” Gold may stand for the white race with its 
great banks, material civilization, subways, elevators, huge buildings 
and fine educational institutions. That is their contribution. Frank- — 
incense may be the contribution of the brown and yellow races. 
Yesterday our friend from India spoke of emotionalism and mys- 
ticism as contributions the Indian people are going to bring to Chris- 


AFRICA 175 


tianity, and how much we need these. Myrrh, in my mind, stands 
for sentiment, child-like faith in spite of the darkness, still believing 
in God and rejoicing always. The black race will contribute that, 
and the gifts to Christianity will not be complete until we bring our 
myrrh. You bring your gold, let them bring their frankincense, we 
will bring the myrrh. 

A white man once saw an African, and said, “African, you are 
not going to Heaven, for only white folks are going to Heaven be- 
cause God is white, and the devil is black. And when you die you 
are going to go where the devil belongs, and we will go to Heaven.” 

Of course, he was not a missionary, and the African who be- 
lieved in God with child-like faith was not a theologian, only more 
or less sensible. 

He said, “Well, I have found out in the Bible that no white 
people are going to Heaven, only colored folks.” 

“How do you know that?” asked the white man. 

“Well, I discovered it in the Bible. Doesn’t it say that on the 
last day the sheep will be on the right and that the goats will be on 
the left, and doesn’t it say that to the goats it will be said, ‘Depart ye’ 
and to the sheep, ‘Come, ye blessed’ ?”’ 

“Well,” asked the white man, “what does that have to do with 
the black folks getting into Heaven?” 

“What race on earth, except the black race,’ answered the 
negro, “has anything on his head that reminds you of the wool on 
the sheep?” 

May I close with these words? It is Jesus we want. There are 
some people who don’t bother much about Jesus now, but so far as 
I am concerned, it is Jesus we want. The only God we know is 
following after us to punish ‘us. I would not want to pray to God 
when hungry, because God is sitting up there on His mighty throne 
with the.stars at his feet and He has never known what it is to be 
hungry. If my ‘friends were to go back on me I could not pray 
to God, for God, with the angels ever before him, has never had 
any one go back on Him, And if I had nowhere to lay my head 
I could not pray to God, no, because the Heavens are His and the 
earth is His footstool. I am talking just as the native African talks 
—for the God we know over there is not the God revealed in Jesus 
Christ. God knew that we needed someone who could reveal Him 
to us, so he sent Jesus, Jesus the name high over all. When I am 
hungry and I go to Jesus, he says, “Yes, I was hungry, too.” When I 
have nowhere to lay my head, and go to Jesus, He says, “I under- 
stand. Foxes have holes, the birds of the air have their nests, but 


176 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


the Son of man hath nowhere to lay His head.” When my friends 
go back on me, give me Jesus, with a heart full of love to bring me 
back to my God. That is what I want. 

There was a convention of the rivers. The Brahmaputra was 
there, the Ganges was there, the Thames was there, the Hudson was 
there and all the rivers were there. When the convention was over, 
the chairman asked them where they were going and what were they 
going todo. The Thames said, “I am going to a place called London, 
where I will be known as the mistress of all the rivers in the world.” 
The Hudson said, “On my banks are going to be great tall sky- 
scrapers and I will be the wealthiest river of the world.” The Ganges 
said, “Children will be thrown into my bosom and I will be the most 
sacred river in all the world.” The Mississippi said, “I will be the 
father of all the waters.” But there was another river that didn’t 
say a word, 

“Who are you?” 

“T am the Nile.” 

“Where are you going and what are you going to do?” 

The Nile replied, “A long time ago when they were making 
this world there was one place called Sahara, as big as the United 
States, where no man could live, and no life grow. Then I said, 
‘I am going to roll down my waters from the mountains and_ bring 
down life from the mountains into the desert, and I am going to 
flow on into the Mediterranean Sea.’” 

All the other rivers laughed, “Africa, Africa! Why, Nile, why 
don’t you go some place worth while, why don’t you stay at home 
-where you belong?” 

But the Nile said, “I will go,” and the Nile went. 

God Almighty sitting upon His throne saw what the Nile had 
done and said, “I am going to make the Nile the most beautiful, 
the most holy river in the world.” And so when the old religions 
were tottering, and the new religion was growing up, He brought it 
Moses, who was rocked in the cradle of the self-sacrificing Nile, | 
and when Moses was gone and all the prophets, and another higher 
one was needed to teach us of God, Jesus was born, and even this 
Jesus Himself might not have done the work He did, were it not for 
one thing—“Go, take the child and His mother to Egypt, by the side 
of the self-sacrificing Nile, so that it can be said, out of Egypt have 
I called my son.” 

Then you remember how, when Jesus was going to be crucified, 
nobody was able to bear His cross but Simon, who was born by the 
banks of the self-sacrificing Nile. 


AFRICA 177 


So, my friends, don’t look down on Africa. Africa that has 
helped all races, needs also to be saved for the Master. God is 
ready, Africa is ready, Africa is more ready to be saved than the 
Christians are ready to come and save it. There are native kings 
who have no religion, who never heard, who are building school 
houses and little churches and appealing to the missionaries, “Bring 
us a teacher,” but you are not ready. 

A nation is going to be born today. Come then all of you. 
Don’t preach denominationalism but preach Christ. If you have 
any trouble about denominations fix it up over here and come to us 
with a united front. We need all of the denominations, the Chris- 
tians, the Disciples, the Methodists and all the other folks; and then 
we need the Baptists for the submarine and the Navy. We need 
the Episcopal for the aviation corps and we need the Holy Rollers 
and the sanctified folks for the gas contingent. 

But come united, and come to help us, not only as missionaries 
but as agriculturists, teachers, and business men; and may I tell you 
that Africa will never be converted until it is converted by the black 
people themselves. All you can do is to come and train us. Send 
some of our brothers here, the black people here. They have been 
away three hundred years. Some of you come back and help us. 
Come and stay in the stations. Stay there. It is not what you say 
that pleases us; it is what you do; it is how you act. 

Come to help us. Many are fussing about the blood of Jesus 
now. I don’t fuss about it. It stands for sacrifice. If only the 
white race could make the supreme sacrifice, not of blood, but of 
what we generally call race superiority, if you could give that up and 
become brothers with us. Men look to the East for the beginning of 
things, for the light of a rising sun, but they look to the West, the 
crimson West, for things that are done. For out of the East there 
have always come cradles that personified the birth of all the high, 
hard-won hopes of men, out of the East came Christ, and there in 
the East men dreamed the bravest dreams, the greatest dream that 
mortals have ever dreamed: 


“And into the West they came with a dream child of the East, 

And hoped to find the hopes of old a hundredfold increased, 

For there in the East men dreamed the dreams of things they wanted to do, 
But here in the West, the crimson West, the dreams of the East come true.” 


CHINA 


C. Y. CHENG 


Honorary Secretary of the National Christian Council of China, Shanghai 


It is a great privilege as well as a pleasure to me to have the 
opportunity of being present at this great gathering and of speaking 
a few words on the country which I represent. It is indeed an in- 
spiration to see so large a company of men and women who have come 
together to consider the world task of the religion of Christ. One 
can foresee the day when the ideal and spirit of Jesus will be more 
forcefully and convincingly presented to the thoughtful people of the 
non-Christian world, leading many to accept Jesus as “the Way, the 
Truth and the Life.” 

When your General Secretary asked me to. speak on the little 
word “China” he gave me a very large order! However, I will give 
you, to the best of my ability, a word-picture of the present situation 
in China, especially from the Christian’s point of view. If I am 
able to help you to see more clearly the unparalleled opportunity that 
is facing the Christian Movement in the Orient, and to feel more 
than ever determined to have a share in the divine task, I shall feel 
more than happy and grateful. 

To begin with we have to acknowledge, to our great humiliation 
and distress, the present political chaos in China. For more than a 
decade, since the change of China’s form of government from an 
absolute monarchy to that of a republic, destructive activities have 
continued, and constructive work has hardly begun. Self-seeking 
militarists and politicians have been holding the reins of the govern- 
ment, and the innocent and helpless people are suffering under their 
tyranny. The wound of the present political disintegration is not 
healed, military hostilities continue even up to the present time. Party 
strife and political scheming for unworthy ends are to be found 
both in the North and in the South. Suspicion and distrust among 
the military governors of the various provinces cause them to live 
in constant fear. Because of this unfortunate state of affairs much 
lawlessness is being witnessed in many parts of the country. Open’ 
banditry and hold-ups have been reported. These, we are sorry to 

178 


CHINA 179 


say, have even affected some foreign residents in our country. While 
there is no direct anti-foreign manifestation, such movements have 
indeed put China in a bad light before the other nations of the world. 
It is humiliating to make such admissions, but the truth must be told, 
if you are to have a clear understanding of the true situation. 

Nevertheless, this is but one side of the picture. There is the 
other side to be considered. In China today we still have some people 
who are not bandits. Not all the officials are corrupt. While the 
progress of China has been greatly retarded by the inefficiency and 
divisions of the Chinese government, we are happy to say that at 
the present time there are signs of better life to be seen in many 
directions. The development of public opinion, the birth of a new 
national spirit, the growth of modern education and of industry, 
the Renaissance movement, the expansion of religion—these and 
other things seem to show the silver lining in an otherwise dark 
and stormy sky. There may be tumult and tempest upon the surface 
of the sea, but there is essential calm in the deep which is not dis- 
turbed by the storm on the surface. In like manner while China is 
now undergoing her hour of severe trial, there is at the same time a 
new vitality which is showing its energy and power in many direc- 
tions and upon which we can safely predict China’s future salvation. 
To draw conclusions of China’s destiny from present political 
troubles is not to know the real China. It may sound strange to you 
people of the West that the Chinese people seem to be undisturbed 
and unconcerned by the activities of the military masters and un- 
worthy politicians. No doubt progress has been retarded by the 
great handicaps created by those who hold the reins of the govern- 
ment, nevertheless the people are pressing forward in spite of 
many difficulties. This may seem to be incredible but it is never- 
theless true. The world need not be afraid of. China’s moving for- 
ward. There can be a “yellow peril” only if China should continue 
to make retrograde steps. Now that China is awakened and is eager 
to march forward for the world’s progress she will prove herself a 
great “golden blessing” to mankind. It is within the duty and power 
of the nations in the West to manifest such a friendly spirit towards 
the nations of the Orient that this great blessing may be more speedily 
and fully realized. 

Take, for instance, the growth of public opinion on things na- 
tional and international. Brought up in the old tradition, under the 
rule of one man, the common people of China usually kept their 
minds far away from political and governmental affairs. It was not 
uncommon in the olden days to see a little sign-board displayed in 


180 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


every tea shop, where many gathered for pastime and recreation, 
with this significant warning, “mo tan kuo shih,’ meaning “don’t 
talk on national affairs.” People were afraid of getting into trouble 
with the authorities, who alone, it was believed, were responsible for 
the nation’s destiny. Under the present enlightenment which, by 
the way, is not out of keeping with the ideals of ancient sages, the 
people are beginning to assume their rights as citizens, and therefore 
as proprietors of the nation. Interest has been shown in the affairs 
of the country in a way unknown in earlier days in China. When the 
_ revolution broke out in 1911, and when China failed to get satisfac- 
tory results from the Peace Conference in Paris in 1918, the people, 
under the leadership of the student classes, united in a patriotic dem- 
onstration that startled the conservative element of the population 
and inspired the progressive. Students and merchants, and even a 
vast number of less educated people, were keen to see the nation 
delivered from the absolute monarchy and from foreign exploitation. 
While we are not ready to declare that this outburst of patriotism 
has been well balanced and without faults, we believe this new sign 
of life promises a great future for China. 

The one great passion of the Chinese people at the present time 
is to learn, particularly from Europe and America, the secrets that 
have made the nations of the West great and strong. If we were 
asked to write one single word upon the map of China, that would 
indicate the general desire of the Chinese people, we would unhesi- 
tatingly write the word “Hsueh,’ meaning to learn. There was a 
time when China was self-sufficient and unwilling to learn from 
others, whom she regarded as semi-civilized or totally barbarous. 
China was the center of the world. China was the most highly 
civilized nation in existence. China had no need of the outside 
world. By bitter experience, however, she has been taught to see 
her false position. Today she is eager to receive whatever contri- 
bution the western world can make to her national progress. Some 
115,000 schools and colleges are already established in various parts 
of the country with five or six millions boys and girls under instruc- 
tion along modern lines. Thousands of Chinese students have gone 
abroad in quest of advanced learning. Many have done this at great 
sacrifice and self-denial. Simplified forms of writing have been 
prepared to unify the many dialects in the country, and to make the 
writing and reading of the ancient language easier to acquire. The 
use of the “pai-hua,” national speech, is another attempt to simplify 
the difficult classical style. It can be reasonably expected that in the 
not distant future, the Chinese people in general will be able to 


CHINA I8I 


acquire the education necessary to meet the modern requirements of 
the Western world in political, social, and domestic life. 

Industrial development in China is still in its infancy. Never- 
theless, the day is not very far off when China will enter upon the 
industrial stage of the world and show forth her power and eff- 
ciency. In centers like Shanghai, Nanking, Nantungchow, Chefoo, 
Tientsin, Tsinanfu, Chengchow, and many other places, industrial 
forces are already beginning to show themselves. Modern machinery 
is taking the place of the old-fashioned and primitive methods of 
production, 

China will soon become one of the best markets for the absorp- 
tion of the machinery produced by the West. Industrial problems 
are also beginning to challenge the wisdom and energy of those who 
are concerned about the welfare of the men and women and even 
children who are working and sweating for less than a living wage 
in these modern factories. Chinese workers are not yet fully organ- 
ized, nor is sufficient care taken by employers for the health and 
welfare of this class of our people. Happily the Christian church, 
the Y.M.C.A., the Y.W.C.A. and many public minded individuals 
have already raised their voices in support of proper protection for 
the workers and fair and humane treatment of them. At its first 
annual meeting, held in Shanghai last May, the National Christian 
Council recommended these three simple standards for the protec- 
tion of the working class, namely, one day in seven to be observed 
as a day of rest, the working hours to be limited, and special pro- 
tection to be ensured to child labor. 

The advent of the so-called Renaissance Movement in recent 
years offers further evidence of China’s determination to move for- 
ward with the rest of the civilized world. This is an outlet for the 
newly awakened spirit especially among the young and educated 
classes. With very little organization and few great leaders the 
movement has found its way to the hearts of literally millions of the 
Chinese people. The manifestation of a democratic spirit, the fear- 
less seeking after truth, the unity of purpose, the willingness to learn 
from others, the desire to revalue accepted and traditional ideals, by 
this and other ways the dry bones of the valley are beginning to 
gather together and to show signs of life. To be sure, this youthful 
movement has its defects and failures. It has sometimes played into 
the hands of cunning politicians. It has made blunders and false 
moves. But in spite of all this, no one can question for a moment 
that this so-called Renaissance movement will play a very important 
part in the future destiny of China. 


182 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


New life can also be seen in the religious world. Ancient re- 
ligions in China have awakened to the fact that they must move with 
the tide of the time, otherwise they will not be able to meet the 
demands of the present generation. There are signs of revival in 
the old religions and also in the formation of new ones. Faithful 
disciples of Confucius are trying to make the teaching of the great 
sage of the East more in keeping with up-to-date thoughts and prac- 
tice. New forms of organization have been introduced into old 
religious systems. Summer conferences are held, sermons are 
preached, churches are organized. An effort has been made to make 
Confucianism the national religion of China. New interpretations 
of and new literature on Buddhism have made this religious faith 
more attractive and beautiful to those who are religiously inclined. 
The great Buddhist priest, Tai Hsu, has been lecturing in various 
parts of China on modern Buddhism with great acceptance, espe- 
cially among the literati and official classes. Many are seeking spir- 
itual rest and comfort in the study of Buddhist classics. It is not too 
much to say that these moral and religious forces have done much 
for China in the past, and will be able to do much more in the days 
to come. 

* Where, now, does the Christian stand in the midst of this extraor- 
dinary situation? What is the attitude of the follower of Jesus in 
such a new environment? Has Christianity any contribution to 
make in this hour of China’s spiritual and material needs? What is 
the place of the Christian movement in China now and in the future? 
These and many other questions come into our minds as we see the 
present development of China which is full both of promise and of 
danger. The Christian church cannot, and does not, claim to be the 
source of all the modern movements for the betterment of the Chi- 
nese people, yet the church has always stood for anything that aims 
at the good of the nation and its people. In not a few cases it has 
actually been the originator and promoter of such movements. 

It is not surprising that the Christian church is also manifesting 
such signs of life and vigor within itself as promise to fit it better 
for rapidly changing conditions without. From the very beginning 
the church has shown its sympathy and cooperation in the move- 
ments towards democracy and emancipation. Take, for instance, 
the student movement in recent years. The students of Christian 
colleges in various parts of the country have been among the first 
to give their sacrificial service for the benefit of the nation. In social 
activities the Christians are second to none in their willingness “not 


CHINA 183 


to be ministered unto but to minister” for the good of their fellow- 
men, following closely in the footprints of the great Leader, Jesus 
of Nazareth. It is interesting to hear the testimony of a man of 
great learning and nation-wide reputation, an outstanding leader in 
the New Civilization Movement, though not a Christian himself, who 
declared that he would always be ready to call upon Christian stu- 
dents, because he believes they are the kind of men and women that 
can be depended upon for unselfish and single-hearted service for 
others. 

The greater part of the $17,000,000 fund for the relief. of the 
famine sufferers in North China was entrusted to the Christian work- 
ers to administer and distribute. In political disputes the Christian 
missionary has often been called upon to act as a go-between and 
a peace-maker. In this and many other ways the Christian church 
is generally recognized as an institution that stands for the good of 
the people; its word is dependable and its action appreciated. 

Perhaps this new life is seen more clearly within the church itself 
in recent years than in its outside activities. Any one who is at all 
familiar with the work of the church in China today can testify to 
the rapid growth of a new and independent spirit among its members. 
The living force of the Christian truth has been working its way in 
the hearts of the Chinese followers of Jesus so that they are con- 
strained to undertake to fulfill their own responsibility and obligation 
in the support and management of the work of the church of which 
they are members. Both in those who are within the so-called mis- 
sion-churches, and in those who are independent of them, the desire 
to shoulder the responsibility themselves is universal, and is accepted 
as the right line along which all must strive to move forward. 

Four years ago the leaders of the Christian church came to- 
gether at a conference held in Shanghai to consider the immediate 
step to be taken to capture the unusual opportunity for holding up 
the ideal and spirit of Jesus before the nation as a distinct contribution 
of the Christian church in an hour of great national enthusiasm. As 
an outcome of this conference there was formed the well-known 
“China-for-Christ Movement.” Like the Renaissance Movement, it 
has had very little organization and very few leaders, yet this move- 
ment today penetrates to every part of the nation. Today the phrase 
“Chung Hua Kwei Chu,’ meaning China-for-Christ, is a household 
word amongst all Chinese Christians. 

Five years ago there was born on the top of Kuling, where mis- 
sionaries spend their vacations and many conferences are held, a home 
missionary movement of the Chinese Church. There was a keen 


184 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


desire within us to spread the knowledge of Jesus in the neglected 
regions of China and to arouse a missionary spirit and activity among 
our Christian people. Beginning with a committee of seven, and 
with not a single penny in hand, this Missionary Society has been 
wonderfully blessed of God. Up to the present time two missions 
have been opened, one in the southwest of China, in Yunnan Prov- 
ince, the other in the extreme north of Manchuria. A dozen mis- 
sionaries have been sent out to these fields, and their work has been 
very favorably received by the non-Christians of these provinces. 
This Society is entirely under Chinese management and is being sup- 
ported by Christians representing all denominations in every part 
of the country. Even Chinese abroad have been giving their support 
and cooperation. Some $27,000 was received last year. Investiga- 
tions are now being made regarding the two forbidden lands of Mon- 
golia and Tibet in the hope that Chinese missionaries will soon pene- 
trate to the heart of these dark regions and bring to them the enlight- 
enment that comes from above. More than one hundred auxiliary 
societies have been formed in various parts of China, and even poor 
peasants, aged women, and young children are giving of their sub- 
stance for the maintenance of the work of this Chinese Home Mis- 
.sionary Society. 

Next we would make mention of the spirit of unity which is 
manifestly strong in the Chinese church. Racial prejudice, doc- 
trinal and denominational differences must give way to the oneness of 
the body of Jesus Christ who, in His last hour on earth, especially 
prayed for the essential oneness of those who rally around His 
banner. While the Chinese church advocates no ready-made plan 
or scheme for the uniting of all Christian forces in China today, of 
which there are no fewer than 130 to 140 independent and autonomous 
church bodies, the spirit of cooperation can be seen everywhere. 
People are ready for the very next step towards a greater and closer 
unity in the work of God. Time will not permit a detailed account 
of the numerous activities of the Chinese church in this direction. 
The uniting of eleven dioceses of the Episcopal church; the coming 
together of the twelve or more Presbyterian groups; the formation 
of a united church in Canton representing seven church bodies, and 
in Amoy representing three; the establishment of the Chinese Chris- 
tian Church in several provinces in North China; the great coopera- 
tive body of the National Christian Council, the various union move- 
ments in educational, medical, social and literary work, are some of 
the results of this spirit of unity. It may be hoped that in the near 
future, further steps will be taken whereby the various forces of the 


CHINA 185 


Christian movement may yet learn to work together, and to enjoy 
the fellowship and tranquillity of “dwelling together in unity.” 

In line with the spirit of the recent intellectual awakening among 
the better educated classes in the country, the Chinese Christians are 
beginning to pay more attention to a better understanding of Chris- 
tion truth. A spirit of inquiry, a desire to search for further light, 
a determination to learn yet more of the riches in Jesus Christ, have 
led many to examine again the accepted statements of doctrine, tra- 
dition, custom, ritual and creeds of the Christian religion. The old 
attitude of an unquestioning acceptance of statements regarding 
Christian truth and practice has given way to a fearless and frank 
study of the real values of Christianity. Nothing is taken for 
granted. Under such circumstances it is unavoidable that misstate- 
ments and wrong interpretations of Christian truth should sometimes 
be expressed, nevertheless, we are exceedingly thankful for this new 
spirit and new desire to seek after richer life and to discover further 
truth in the Christian religion. Since the advent of Christianity in 
China, there has never been such a sincere desire on the part of the 
more thoughtful Chinese, both Christian and non-Christian, to study 
the teaching of Jesus and His personality. This is infinitely more 
healthy for the development of the Christian church, than when 
people believed in this or that doctrine simply because their foreign 
pastor or teacher had told them so. Now Christianity is becoming 
more and more a Chinese religion, a religion that is fitting into the 
environment and atmosphere of the Chinese people. This, we con- 
sider, is one of the most interesting and encouraging developments 
of the Christian movement in the Far East. This means not only 
that church members are paying more attention to the religious de- 
velopment of life, but also that missionaries, native ministers, church 
leaders and school teachers, in a word, all who are in a position to 
instruct the “weaker brethren in Christ” must secure much better 
training and preparation before they can be fit for the great and 
divine task of being the spiritual leaders of the people. It is not 
enough that the Chinese Church must become financially independent 
of foreign control, but it must also be able to stand on its own feet 
intellectually. We do not forget the fact that religion is no mere 
intellectual consent without the warmth of emotion and affection, but 
the church in China has so far neglected that intellectual understand- 
ing of the Christian truth, that a corrective measure is both necessary 
and helpful. The Chinese Christians want to know God. in terms 
of their own religious experience; they want to see Christianity be- 
come truly indigenous, and to find with all earnestness and humility 


186 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


not a mere Jewish Messiah, or a European Christ, but an Oriental 
Savior. We rejoice and are thankful that such a new life is mani- 
festing itself in the Church of God in China today. The same spirit 
that has driven you from America and Europe to preach the Chris- 
tian message to the Chinese people, will also inspire the Chinese 
Christians to take their share in the work which God has been pleased 
to place upon their shoulders. 

These are some of the indications of the life and boinit of the 
young church in China today. The road ahead will not be a per- 
fectly smooth one. There are many difficulties. There are pos- 
sible dangers and pitfalls. There are many outside of the Christian 
Church who are trying to undermine and oppose the religion of 
Jesus. They would gladly put it out of existence if they could. But 
in spite of all such difficulties and trials the foundation of the Church 
of God is well laid; new life is born; the work will in time bear 
much fruit to the benefit of China, and through China to the whole 
world. We need to be careful, indeed very careful, but we need 
not be over-anxious that the Church will lose its spiritual nature and 
become something that is not thoroughly Christian in character. We 
must have greater faith in God as well as in men, believing that He 
who guided the prophets and apostles of old, is able to Biase His 
people in China today. 

It is under such circumstances you will find Shel Ae in China 
today. It is under such conditions we invite you to come to us and 
render the necessary help. Chinese workers and foreign workers 
from Europe and America, all are urgently needed in China today, 
especially Chinese in large numbers. While it is reported that 74 
per cent of all China is already “claimed” by the Christian missions 
in China, you will entirely misjudge the situation if you entertain 
the idea that China is fully occupied for Christ, and that there is no | 
more need of further missionary endeavors. It is true that able 
Chinese Christians are coming forward and getting under the burden, 
that native leaders are gaining ground both in number and in strength, 
but you will totally misunderstand the situation again, if you think 
that China is so well supplied with Christian workers as to have no 
need of any more missionaries from the West. Nothing can be 
further from the truth. Judging from the wonderful opportunity 
and the open-mindedness of the people at the present juncture, the 
need for workers, Chinese and foreign, has never been greater than 
it is today. Christian work has barely touched the fringes of China’s 
400,000,000 people. Literally millions of Chinese have not yet had 
a chance to make their acquaintance with the teaching and person- 


CHINA 187 


ality of Jesus Christ. There is no question as to the need of more 
missionaries to join the force in China today, but there is a question 
as to the kind of missionaries that are needed to make the work even 
more successful and better appreciated. As Chinese Christians we 
extend to you a hearty invitation to come to our midst. We welcome 
you with open arms and open hearts, and will endeavor to cooperate 
with you in every possible way for the speedy accomplishment of 
the great objective, for which we have determined to give our very 
lives. 

In the first place, we welcome you as a disciple of Jesus, one 
who tries to reflect his Master in spirit, in word, and in deed; one 
who comes to China with a message, a conviction, and an authority. 
People nowadays are somewhat shy about the word “authority,” 
yet we believe that a missionary who comes to the mission field should 
come as a messenger with a God-given message spoken with no 
uncertain sound. We do not care for the authority of dogmatic 
statements or for the authority which manifests itself in a domi- 
neering spirit. We do want you to come with a conviction and 
authority that will enable you to present the Christian gospel with 
that force and clearness which will so convince others that they will 
acknowledge Christ as the Savior of mankind. 

Next, we welcome you as a big brother, one who has been privi- 
leged to know the spirit and ideals of the Christian faith for many 
a long year before our people of the East, one who has been entrusted 
with the important and glorious task of “making disciples of all 
nations.” Surely your historical background, your early training 
in the Christian way, your clearer understanding of the truth of 
Christianity, fit you for the position of a big brother to care for his 
younger brethren. Such a position your fellow-Christians in the 
East readily recognize, appreciate and esteem. 

Again, we welcome you as a yoke-fellow, one who will share 
with us the gigantic task of winning men and women to the alle- 
giance of Jesus. We believe “cooperation” is the keyword of the 
Christian movement in China today between foreign missionaries 
and Chinese workers. Both the West and the East have contribu- 
tions to make. Their joint activities are most essential to the success 
of the great work that God has been pleased to place upon the shoul- 
ders of His servants. 

We welcome you as a seeker after truth. While you have a 
definite Truth to teach the Chinese people, you have not a little to 
learn as well. The missionary task is not a racial but a moral one. 
It is not a matter of the West versus the East, but light versus dark- 


188 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


ness. We believe that Truth is one, no matter where that Truth is 
found. We believe that God has not left China without witnesses 
for Him during all these centuries. China with her rich background 
of learning, experience and culture will be able to contribute some- 
thing to the enrichment of Western Christianity. China will come 
to teach, and help, and at the same time be ready and willing to learn. 
We may reasonably expect that in the days to come God will lead 
us into yet greater truth, which will be “marvelous in our eyes.” 

And above all we welcome you as a friend. Friend is a big 
word, especially as it appears in the eyes of the Oriental people. 
You will be honored as a teacher, you will be esteemed as a leader, 
you will be admired as a missionary hero, but we hope you will be 
loved as a friend. He who comes to us’with the spirit of a friend 
through and through will ultimately win our hearts. There are, we 
are happy to say, men and women now laboring in China who are 
not particularly gifted in speech, not famous for their organizing 
ability, not known as men who can get things across, but somehow 
they have won the heart of the Chinese people. We believe it is 
this friendship, which is another word for Christian love, which will 
solve many of our mission problems, and will lead the work to a more 
successful issue. | 

You will notice that we have not said a word about the require- 
ments of an acceptable missionary such as his Christian character, 
his physical fitness, his intellectual attainments, his linguistic gifts, 
his theological training, his spiritual soundness, all of which are abso- 
lutely necessary for a twentieth century missionary. These and many 
others matters will no doubt be carefully considered and investigated 
by the Foreign Mission Boards, so that we need not touch upon them 
here. We have simply indicated from a purely Chinese point of 
view the kind of men and women that China needs and welcomes. | 
We wish that by the grace of God many of you will hear the call 
from above and see the “heavenly vision” that will lead you forth 
to the field that is already “white unto harvest.” 

But it is not possible that all of you, or even most of you, will 
be able to find your way to China or any other mission field. . To 
the brothers and sisters who plan to remain in the homeland we wish, 
with your permission, to say a word or two. While it is impossible 
for all who are interested in foreign missions to be actual mission- 
aries, still the missionary spirit is not limited to those who go. You 
can surely give your moral, spiritual and practical support to the 
work in China and other fields, even while you remain at. the “Home 
Base.” In fact the missionaries on the field cannot succeed, humanly 


CHINA 189 


speaking, without the backing-up of their comrades here at home. 
Some of the lines along which you can help are these. 

In the first place, we would suggest that you seek to know as 
much as possible about China in general and the Christian movement 
in that country in particular. Such a knowledge will help you to 
think, to pray, and to work more intelligently for China. Such a 
spiritual communication with the China field is as vital to the success 
of the work as actually working there, if not more. 

Next we would suggest that you keep in close touch with the 
men and women who have gone to China. Such organizations as 
the Student Volunteer Movement, the Y.M.C.A., the Y.W.C.A., and 
the various missionary societies which are looking after the interests 
of the missionary movement in the Orient certainly require the co- 
operation and support of all who are interested in the great mis- 
sionary movement throughout the world. 

Again we would suggest that you try to get in touch with some 
of the three thousand Chinese students who have come over to this 
country in quest of higher education, in order to fit themselves better 
for work in China upon their return. Many of these students today 
will be the leaders in China tomorrow. They have many problems 
to face while in this country, unfamiliarity with conditions and cus- 
toms; separation from home environment; and difficulty in meeting 
congenial and helpful friends. They are not always getting the very 
best that America can give. Here you can render a helping hand. 
Your friendship, your sympathy, your advice, and cooperation will 
mean much and be highly appreciated. 

Once more, we would suggest that steps be taken whereby further 
training may be given to native workers who have already had good 
training in China and have proved themselves worthy in actual Chris- 
tian experience. Such workers would greatly benefit by a period of 
advanced study in this country. We cast no reflections upon the 
efficient service of the foreign missionary when we say that even- 
tually the task of Christianizing China will largely rest upon the 
shoulders of the Chinese people. Being Chinese themselves they can 
more easily approach their own people, and present the Christian 
truth to them. Such educational assistance given to Chinese workers 
will materially help the missionary enterprise. Some Mission Boards 
have already made the’ experiment of sending abroad tried native 
workers for advanced study, and the experiment has proved most 
helpful. 

Again we would suggest the early establishment of an exchange 
of thought and ideas in the religious world by means of literature 


190 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


and lectures. We certainly need to know each other better. The 
West has a great contribution to make to the people of the East and 
vice versa. We need to see each other eye to eye. We need to share 
each other’s points of view. By means of exchanging thoughts and 
attitudes of mind we can make the Christian movement more efficient, 
more complete, and more acceptable to the people of the Orient. 
In this and many other ways you men and women who are called 
upon to perform the task behind the scenes at the home base will 
materially help the work on the mission field and hasten the day for 
the realization of the Kingdom of God here on earth. 

Never before in the history of the Christian movement in China 
has the work been so interesting and inspiring. Never before has 
the Christian church of the East been so eager and ready to share 
in the great task. Never before has your helping hand been more 
needed and more appreciated. Never before has the door been open 
so wide and the people so ready to listen to the truth of Jesus and 
so willing to accept Him as their Guide and Leader. Never before 
has the church faced such a great challenge made by those who have 
no need of religion and are decidedly opposed to Christianity. This 
great convention fails if it does not impress upon our hearts afresh 
the sense of the greatness of the task; the urgency of the call, the 
tremendousness of the proposition. It is not your theology, not 
your dogmatic creeds, not your tradition, not your denomination, not 
your rituals, not your particular interpretation of Christianity, not 
your efficient organization of the Christian church, that will meet 
the real need of China. When you have given us all these, you have 
not yet given us the very best. Surely you have something better 
to offer. It is the spirit, the principle, the ideal of Jesus that China 
needs. It is Jesus Himself that will satisfy the longing heart of the 
people in the Orient. We are not here to make a comparison of 
religions. We are not here to speak about the finality of religion. 
We are here, as Chinese Christians who place their faith in Jesus 
Christ, to plead most emphatically and earnestly with you who are 
under the same flag to “come over and help us.” Let Jesus be the 
unifying factor of the East and the West. Let Him lead the new 
republic in the old country and the old republic in the new country 
into greater, fuller and richer life, found only in Him. Let the 
words ring in our ears unceasingly now and always: “Christ for 
China, and China for Christ.” 


INDIA 


Youan Mastin 


Professor in Presbyterian Theological Seminary, Indore, and Clerk of the 
General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church in India 


It is a great privilege to attend this convention and to stand 
before you tonight on behalf of my beloved country, India. In claim- 
ing her ancient civilization India looks back to three or four thousand 
years ago. India is well known because of her old saints and sages, 
men who lived in the woods and had their own university, not in big 
buildings as in modern times, but under the shade of a tree. Here 
a group of students would gather ’round about these philosophers 
and discuss the mysteries of this life, who is God, what is God, 
what is man, and what of the future life. 

India is called the land of tigers and snakes but I want to assure 
you these tigers and snakes are not so dangerous and harmful as 
the automobiles and motor cars in your own country. India today 
is best known perhaps by the name of Mahatma Gandhi, and the non- 
cooperation movement or passive resistance. 

There is a Hindu India, a Mohammedan India, a Christian India, 
an India of highly educated and civilized people, an India of the most 
uneducated and illiterate, an India of the high castes and an India 
of the low castes, an India of the priests and an India of the most 
untouchables. Fifty millions of these untouchables are there in India. 
They have been denied all the rights and privileges of mankind 
during Hindu and Mohammedan rule. A mere touch of one of these 
fellows would mean pollution and excommunication from society 
to one of high caste. 

Hinduism has no hope for these fifty millions, Mohammedanism 
gives none. Hope only comes to them when the gospel of Christ 
is preached. 

Christian friends, India is more like a continent than a country. 
Nearly 319,000,000 people are in that great country, men of dif- 
ferent customs, different manners, and speaking altogether differ- 
ent languages. A man from the North going to the South speaking 
his own mother tongue will never be understood; a man from the 
West going to the East, speaking his own mother language will never 
be understood. There are one hundred and forty-seven different 
languages and dialects spoken in India today. 

191 


192 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


But above all, India is a religious country, never forget that. I 
do not call it a spiritual country. It is a superstitious country. But, 
ask any Hindu and he will tell you that his country is the most re- 
ligious country in the world. A Hindu is supposed to be born 
religiously, he grows religiously, he dies religiously. You will find 
eight great religions of the world in India and a score of minor faiths 
and creeds. 

Yes, there is great unrest in India, great political unrest, eco- 
nomic unrest, social unrest, but above all there is religious unrest. 
India is seeking after God. India is yearning for divine vision. 

What is the yearning of India? What is she seeking after? 
You will find it in her most ancient of prayers. That prayer is very 
brief. It runs like this: “From the unreal lead me to the real; 
from darkness lead me to the light; from death lead me to immor- 
tality.” 

Until that prayer of India is answered, until India gets what 
she desires in that prayer, there can be no peace, there can be no 
rest in India. 

He who answers that prayer of India will have India wor- 
shipping at his feet. Who can give India what she desires but He 
who said, “I am the way, the truth and the life; . . . I am the light 
of the world; . . . I am the resurrection and the life.” 

I have no time to tell you about the progress Christianity has 
made in India. I have no time to tell you what blessings we have 
received in India through missionary efforts, but let me tell you this 
one thing. Today the Christian population in India is four and 
three-quarter millions. During the last decade, according to gov- 
ernment census reports, the total population increased 1.2 per cent, 
while the Christian population increased 22.64 per cent. 

Thousands have been refused baptism and in some cases have 
even been refused admittance into the churches as mere enquirers 
simply because it has been impossible to arrange for their training. 

Do you know how many missionaries are working in India? 
On an average throughout the whole of India there are eighteen mis- 
sionaries for every one million of population. There still are thou- 
sands of villages in India which have not heard the gospel of Jesus 
Christ. Five years back while itinerating in my own district only 
sixteen miles away from my home town, I entered village after vil- 
lage which never had heard the name of Jesus. There still are mil- 
lions of people in India who have not heard the gospel. The large 
cities and towns with their teeming millions of the middle classes 
have very inadequate and sometimes no provisions made for the 





INDIA 193 


regular preaching of the gospel. That is the condition at present in 
India. . 

I will give you an illustration which will show the great need 
of the country for missionaries. You must have heard of that ex- 
pedition that went from England last year to climb the highest moun- 
tain peak in the world, which is an Indian peak, Mt. Everest. In 
that expedition there was one medical man, Dr. Somerville. He was 
not a missionary. When he returned with his expedition from Mt. 
Everest to South India and came to a district with over one million 
people where only one medical man was working, he saw for the 
first time how our people are dying day after day without any medical 
aid. 

The sight touched Dr. Somerville’s heart. He at once offered 
his services for ten days to the medical missionary and what he saw 
during those ten days in the mission hospital changed the whole 
course of his life. He quickly offered his services to the London 
Missionary Society. Today Dr. Somerville is a medical missionary 
in South India. 

But Christian friends, and Christian students, a new day is 
dawning in India today. India is thinking seriously of something 
higher and nobler. We have passed during these last five years 
through very critical experiences. There was darkness that seemed 
to be hanging over the country. There was great trouble there. We 
did not know what would happen. In all this chaos and darkness 
one heard the voice of the Master saying very clearly, “Behold, I 
make everything new.” Jesus is making everything new today in 
India. When that man, Mr. Gandhi, wanted to start his non-coop- 
eration campaign against the British Government, he knew that he 
ought to convince the people that his campaign against the Gov- 
ernment was right and just. And in proving to the people that his 
campaign against the Government was right he did not turn to the 
pages of the Holy Scriptures of the Hindus, he did not refer to the 
Koran, the Holy Scripture of Mohammedanism. He turned to the 
pages of the New Testament. He quoted text after text from the 
teachings of Christ, and thus he showed that his campaign against 
the Government was right and just. 

There was another non-Christian party, leaders of which did not 
see eye to eye with Mr. Gandhi. They denounced his non-coopera- 
tion campaign and in doing so they also quoted freely from the New 
Testament and the teachings of Christ in their attempt to point out 
that the campaign of Mr. Gandhi would bring nothing but disaster 
to the country. 


IQ4 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


My point is this: Here are these two parties of non-Christian 
leaders. At a critical time in their country’s history they went 
straight to Jesus Christ asking him, “Will you please tell us what 
is right and what is not right for our country?” 

Now who is to give answer to these people on behalf of Jesus 
Christ if not the Church? 

When Mr. Gandhi was arrested and sentenced to six. years’ 
imprisonment, on the very next day in one of our most extreme 
daily papers an article appeared written by a non-Christian lady. 
That article was freely quoted in all the non-Christian publications 
and translated into many different vernaculars. The title of that 
article was “The arrest and trial of Mr. Gandhi parallels the arrest 
and trial of Jesus Christ.” 

I do not agree at all with that lady’s argument, but this thing 
happened in India. When that article was translated and appeared 
in non-Christian papers, non-Christian people who read that article 
began to ask this question: “Who is this Jesus Christ? Why was 
He arrested? Why was He sentenced to death? Why did He 
suffer on the cross?” and a great study of the life and teachings of 
Jesus Christ began in India. 

Before he was sent to prison Mr. Gandhi started a national 
institution in his own town. Later a group of missionaries went to 
see that institution. Imagine their surprise when on entering the 
compound they heard the boys and girls singing “When I survey the 
wondrous cross.” They asked the teacher who taught them this 
hymn. He said, “Mr. Gandhi.” Had he taught them any other 
hymn? Yes, and the boys sang “In the Cross of Christ I Glory.” 
These two beautiful Christian hymns were taught to these non- 
Christian boys and girls by the great non-Christian leader. He 
knew that the hope of India lies in Jesus Christ and His Cross. 

Never in the history of Christian missions has there been such 
a study of the life and teachings of Jesus Christ as today. Before 
Mr. Gandhi went to prison, he sent his last message to the youth of 
India in words like these, “If you sincerely love your country and 
want to serve your motherland you must study the life and teachings 
of Christ and try to imitate them.” Today these faithful followers 
of Mr. Gandhi are studying the gospels. They want to know whether 
Jesus Christ could really solve the problems of India, if given a 
chance. 

Last year there was a great agitation in the central provinces 
called “flag agitation.” I have a paper in my pocket here which I 
received some weeks back. Twelve hundred young men were ar- 


INDIA 195 


rested and thrown into prison because of disobeying police orders. 
When sent to prison they were asked to choose what book or period- 
ical they most wished to be given to read in jail. Later the magis- 
trate who presided over their trial told one of the missionaries that 
three hundred of these young men had asked the government for 
copies of the New Testament to study in jail. 

Yes, whatever may be their motives, they are there today study- 
ing the life and teachings of Jesus Christ. 

I ask these young men and women of India now in jail, I ask 
the young men and women of India who are not in jail today, “Do 
you understand what you read?” and the answer is given, “How can 
we, except some one should guide us?” 

It is a new day, Christian friends, when a non-Christian jour- 
nalist in one of his addresses and through his paper makes this 
public plea to the Christian missionaries: ‘There are many eminent 
non-Christians who turn for guidance in the perplexing problems of 
national life to the teachings of Christ. India earnestly hopes that 
the great body of Christian missionaries in this land will stand by 
her in her endeavor to apply the central teachings of Christ to her 
national life.” ; 

It is a new day, fellow students, when last year the then vice- 
chancellor of a university, a non-Christian, educated man, in an ad- 
dress to the students said these words, “If you ask what is the most 
powerful influence that has entered my life to shape it, I will tell 
you it is the Bible.” 

This man is a Hindu. What influenced his life? Not history 
or biography, not poetry or prophecy, but a living personality, Jesus 
Christ. 

It is a new day, fellow students, when a Hindu Professor of 
a Hindu college at a meeting last year said these words, “There has 
been no other such character in human history as Jesus Christ. He 
is the greatest character that has ever appeared.” 

It is a new day, fellow students, when His Highness the Ma- 
haraja of Travancore, can say these words, “It is the Christian’s 
Bible that sooner or later will work out the regeneration of India.” 

Here are the words of a non-Christian thinker: “If ever there 
was a time when educated India has consciously paid homage to Jesus 
Christ it was in the year 1922.” 

I have said that India is yearning for a vision of the great 
divine. ‘Blessed are the pure in heart, for they shall see God.” 
India needs purity of heart. India needs a change of heart. Who 
will transform India’s heart? Who will give India holiness and 


196 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


purity in heart but the Savior? Christ the Savior is the only hope 
and need of India. 

If Christ is presented to India only as a teacher India will reject 
him and say with a great sigh, “We have seen philosophers and 
teachers in our country. They do not meet the need of my soul.” 

India is the cradle of Buddhism, but India has turned Buddhism 
away from her shores. Buddhism may find shelter in China, Japan 
and Burma, but not in India. India is looking for a higher and 
nobler life. 

You have found joy and peace by sitting at the foot of the 
Cross. India wants the same joy and the same peace. How can 
she have it until she gets a vision of the crucified Savior? 

Last April an article appeared in the Hibbert Journal written by 
a British official in which he traced the history of the present political 
agitation and unrest in India. He said, “This agitation is against 
the Christian civilization.” Several leaders in India took the matter 
in hand and replied to this gentleman saying that India was not re- 
volting against the Christian civilization but her revolt was against 
the un-Christian civilization. 

Then the writer ended his article with these words, “At no other 
time in India has there been a more lively appreciation of Christ and 
His character today. Many of her children are turning their eyes 


to the Cross, the centrality of which tragedy in the world’s history is — 


beginning to grip them with romantic power.” 

One of our prophets in India, who was a great admirer of Jesus 
Christ and a great student of the Bible, but who did not accept bap- 
tism, or join himself with any church gave his message on behalf of 
India to the Christian nations of Europe in these words; I repeat 
them before you as India’s appeal to the Christian students of Amer- 
ica and Canada: “Christian Europe, India will have no other atone- 


ment with thee except in Christ. Any secular reconciliation or po-. 


litical treaty she would altogether repudiate. We Asiatics invite the 
nations of the West to a spiritual alliance and an international fed- 
eration upon no other ground than that of Christ’s atonement; in 
His name let us forgive and forget the hostilities of centuries, and 
in His name shake hands with each other with true brotherly love.” 

Yes, India is in travail. Let us pray and toil that Christ be 
formed in her. 

Several years ago one of our prophets who exerted a great in- 
fluence over our young men and women gave this message to the 
youth of India before he died, “You cannot deny that your hearts 
have been subjugated, captivated, enslaved by a higher and nobler 


JAPAN 197 


power. That power is Christ. None other ever deserved this pre- 
cious, this bright diadem, India. And Jesus shall have it, Jesus 
shall have it.” 

The seer on the Isle of Patmos had a vision of the glorified 
Savior and he saw on His head a crown of many jewels. One of 
those shining bright jewels will be India. Will you Christian stu- 
dents come to the help of India? Come to the help of the church 
there which is an infant church, a weak church, so that India may 
be won for Jesus Christ and the Kingdom of Heaven be established 
at last over the whole earth. 


JAPAN 


Hirosu1 HAaTANAKA 


Dean of Kobe College, Kobe, Japan 


Will you allow me to express on behalf of the people of my 
country their heartfelt gratitude and appreciation for what you have 
done for them since the earthquake? We have learned to trust the 
people of this continent since that wonderful conference in Wash- 
ington, and even more since the earthquake, because of your kindness 
and the help which you have given to us. We also have learned to 
trust the peoples of all nations for the same reasons. There always 
will be times when, because of international difficulties, we shall need 
to carry on negotiations and frank discussions with other nations, 
but in that case it will not be because we do not believe in you, it 
will not be because we believe that we have come to the point where 
we must take up guns and swords—not that at all—but because we 
believe that we can trust the peoples of the different nations, trust 
in the justice of their public opinion and in their good judgments. 

Japan has been, for some time, a cause of much worry and 
anxiety to the rest of the world, and a target for international 
political criticisms in the Far East. However, no thinking Japanese 
has ever blamed the rest of the world for this attitude. They them- 
selves were far from contented with certain conditions within the 
nation. They also were aware of the fact that for many reasons, 
both external and internal, Japan has been forced to take the course 
she has. 

Japan, with an annual increase in population of 600,000, with 
a very small amount of coal reserve, with practically no iron mines, 


198 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


with all her cotton coming in from America and India, with a very 
small area of tillable land, with no sufficient outlets for her surplus 
population, faces the very grave problem of supporting her own 
people. 

In accord with the Washington Conference the Japanese govern- 
ment dismissed 10,000 workers from the munition factories. This 
action and the general business depression have left tens of thousands 
of people today without work. 

The earthquake destroyed $5,000,000,000 worth of property, 
more than the annual income of the entire population. Fire destroyed 
a half million houses in Tokio, and spared only 92 houses in the great 
city of Yokohama. It rendered over 2,000,000 people homeless and 
very greatly increased the number of unemployed. 

Imagine for yourself, if you please, what a tremendous crisis 
Japan is facing today. The more serious problems are the social 
and moral problems. There is a growing consciousness of the worth 
of the individual. Labor problems are everywhere intensified. Class 
feelings are being aroused. People are breaking away rapidly from 
old social conventions and moral standards. There is very much 
discontent with social and political conditions and with formally 
organized religions. Four hundred and twenty-five disputes between 
land owners and tenant farmers, and twice as many disputes between 
the capitalists and the laborers, were reported within the first half 
of 1922. The agitations of former outcasts for better social recog- 
nition, the woman suffrage movement, the improvements in standards 
of living, the emphasis on a single moral standard for men and 
women, are significant signs of change and progress in Japan today. 

Japan is moving. It is easy to guide a moving train, but that 
train becomes dangerous when it is misguided. Unless these various 
problems are rightly solved, unless all the forward movements are 
rightly directed, Japan is in danger of another earthquake which 
may turn out to be many times more disastrous to her, as well as 
to the rest of the world, than the one just experienced. 

On the other hand, Japan’s newly obtained position, her scien- 
tific knowledge, increased foreign trade, and, above all, the great 
confidence and the sympathy of the people of this country and other 
nations for her, so markedly expressed since the earthquake—all 
these give her ever larger opportunities to play her part in the world’s 
affairs. 

Will Japan be able to solve her internal problems, fulfill her 
world responsibilities and be worthy of the trust that she has had 
placed upon her by God and other nations? 


JAPAN 199 


Japan has been and is accused of being a militaristic nation. 
Will she continue to be such? A wave of dislike for militarism is 
sweeping over all Japan. Among two hundred daily newspapers 
scattered all over the country, not one of the really influential papers 
is militaristic today. Before the great war the government mili- 
tary academy used to pick its students out of thousands of appli- 
cants. This last year it was able to muster about one hundred 
applicants while the set number was 200.’ September 16, 1923, 
is a red letter day in Japanese history. On this day Captain Amakas 
of the Military Police killed the two Socialists, Mr. and Mrs. Osugi, 
and their seven-year-old nephew, thinking they were the cause of 
disorder during the confusion that followed the earthquake. When 
this act was announced in the newspapers, Captain Amakas was 
denounced as the worst kind of anarchist, having killed unlawfully 
when it was his business to enforce the law. Later he was arrested 
and now is being tried. While in court he is reported to have said 
that the educational system of our army has many defects, that the 
army ought to give more spiritual training to the men. By these 
words he is supposed to have admitted his mistake and attributed the 
cause to defective education in the army. 

Events of this kind make the people distrust militarism more 
and more. Japanese militarism seems to us at the point of break- 
down—certainly in need of a surgical operation. Although Japanese 
sentiment has been against militarism, the policies of the government 
have been quite militaristic, because the government has been con- 
trolled by a few and not by the people. However, thanks to the lead- 
ers, by whose hard fight and persevering agitation the goal has been 
reached, universal suffrage will be extended to all men of twenty-five 
years and over by the parliament now in session. Women, too, will 
have the same privilege in.the very near future. Manifestly, uni- 
versal suffrage will not eliminate all our political evils, although with- 
out question it registers a decided step in advance. With general 
suffrage assured, a government of the people expressing their senti- 
ments and ideals is sure to result. Then the mist covering the land 
of sunrise shall be cleared away. 

The Christian churches may well be proud of themselves. 
Among their liberal-minded leaders are such men as Mr. Kagawa 
and Mr. Shimada. These men are the leaders of a new Japan. Mr. 
Shimada, once a Speaker of the House, passed away a month ago 
at the age of seventy-five, saying to his friends, “In forty years 
of my political career I have: always acted with clean conscience.” 
He was a statesman. He was an orator and a Christian. 


200 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


During the confusion following the earthquake, rumors were 
spread that the Koreans were setting houses on fire and coming to 
attack the Japanese. Perhaps a few of the Koreans were caught in 
some criminal act, but a greater number of Japanese probably were 
caught in similar crimes. Due to racial prejudices and unfortunate 
political circumstances, the rumor of Korean violence spread over 
Tokyo and Yokohama much faster than the fire itself. The people 
became terrified. A mob killed about two hundred Koreans, and 
some Japanese and Chinese who were taken for Koreans. 

This unnecessary and unforgivable crime was committed because 
the Japanese lacked understanding, sympathy and faith in the Korean 
people. No words are sufficiently adequate to express our regret and 
sorrow for this most cruel and uncivilized conduct of our people. 
Christian leaders and liberal thinkers have always urged us to trust 
the Koreans and let justice and freedom rule the peninsula, but the 
long existing prejudices and distrust on both sides finally brought 
about this unspeakable humiliation and sorrow. However, the blood 
of these innocent Koreans is sure to strengthen the cause of liberalism 
and liberal movements. 

Many of our Christians have been champion leaders in breaking 
down racial prejudices and class feelings. Kagawa, who was to have 
addressed you today, Suzuki and Hisatome, all Christian men and 
the leaders of labor unions, have done more than any one else in my 
country to let the laborers, as well as society in general, know how 
important a position the working people occupy, and to bring em- 
ployers and employees to a better understanding of each other. 

Our Christian forces are not as well organized as they might 
be, but we are on the way. Last month representatives of all denomi- 
nations and mission boards in Japan met together and formed the 
National Christian Council on which a committee has been at work 
for a long time. They organized their forces and are cooperating 
not only among themselves, but with a large number of non-professing 
Christian leaders. 

Do we believe that the cause of Christ will win in Japan simply 
because of these more or less social trends and liberal movements 
in Japan? No, far from it. Indeed these things which I have been 
telling you about tonight, apart from belief in one great fundamental, 
which is that Christ lives in every human heart, all these modern 
trends, all these liberal movements, are the most dangerous things 
in the world. a ae 

Through the recent earthquake, through the ruins and in the 
fire we have seen that Jesus Christ dwells in the heart of every man, 


JAPAN 201 


whether he be conscious of it or not. During the earthquake and 
fire many nursemaids, employed by foreigners in Yokohama, literally 
risked their lives to save the babies in their care. Three hundred 
thousand people took refuge in the army uniform factory in Tokyo, 
thinking it a safe retreat. Later forty thousand were burnt to death 
in the fire that swept through that very section. A man and his wife 
with three children of their own, the oldest five and the youngest a 
year old escaped the fire, together with an old lady and two children 
who had become separated from their parents. When I was en- 
gaged in relief work last October that mother told me, as she carried 
her baby on her back with a boy of five playing by her side—she 
was removing the débris away from the place where her little store 
formerly stood—“although we lost everything we had, the fact that 
we have been able to save not only three of our own children, but 
two others and an old lady who were left there in that factory, is a 
greater joy than any wealth could buy.” 

A carpenter went to Tokyo, thinking it a good place to make 
money. After a few days’ work he climbed up on one of the build- 
ings and looked down on the twenty-five square miles of burnt 
bricks and stones, then came to one of the relief centers and said, 
“T can not take money away from these unfortunate people.” He laid 
down what he had earned on the counter and offered himself for 
service, building huts, without any wages, for people whose houses 
had been burned. 

An old woman employed in one of the relief centers saw several 
unfortunates sleeping one evening without any covering. Imme- 
diately she took all the kimonos she had, covered each one of them 
and came away without disturbing them. 

A missionary friend tells how she owes her life to a Korean 
boy who stayed by her while the fire destroyed everything in Yoko- 
hama. 

In spite of misunderstanding in China and past unhappy feel- 
ings, when the people of China poured out their hearts in sympathy 
and when coolies in Shanghai refused to receive any wages for the 
goods they loaded on shipboard to send over to Japan for the relief 
work, we could not but forget both our racial and national prejudices 
and trust all people irrespective of differences. 

We have seen wonderful things taking place. We have seen 
even a larger miracle than the feeding of five thousand. Over 2,000,- 
000 people in Tokyo and Yokohama, after all the food supplies of 
those two cities had been burned out, shared the little bit they had 
left with each other; and succeeded in subsisting until we were able to 


202 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


reach them, within a week, with food supplies from unaffected sec- 
tions of the country. , 

Men-of-war, built to defend national boundaries, brought us 
food and clothing. Hospitals with all that science could give, were 
also brought overseas and planted in the hearts of the burnt districts. 
Among the ruins and fires we saw racial prejudices and class hatreds 
disappearing and the spirit of service among our own people and 
those beyond the seas, finding beautiful expression. As social dis- 
tinction, political organizations, caste systems, business interests were 
shaken down to dust, we saw people revealing the spirit of service, 
the spirit of Christ. Men, freed from class pride and selfishness, 
showed the living Christ in their lives. 

We ask you to come to Japan to help us remove the evils, 
revealing Christ in their lives. We ask you to come and participate 
in a task that is larger than strengthening a denomination or build- 
ing a church or even saving many souls. It is the great task of 
uniting nations, races and classes by the common spirit of Christ, 
upon the principle of the brotherhood of Jesus. We do not ask you 
to come because our people are born militarists and bad, but we ask 
you to come. because we believe the spirit of Christ lives in our 
people, although sometimes it is hidden and disguised. 

You are not coming as missionaries, to set up a foreign Christ 
in the hearts of so-called non-Christian people, but you are coming 
to discover for them as well as for yourselves the indwelling Christ, 
hidden beneath personal habits and customs, wrong economic systems 
or wrong national and international ambitions. In seeking for the 
solutions of the great problems we face, we must look to organizations 
of various kinds, educational systems, material and intellectual help 
and the best that science can give. The greatest hope and source of 
courage to me, however, is the presence of Christ in all human souls. 
Because of this great hope Christ was able to say when facing the 
Cross, ‘I have overcome the world.” 

He knew men would betray Him; He knew men would kill Him 
because of selfish motives. Many times we yield to temptations, but 
Christ knows that there is something in our hearts that never leaves 
us satisfied until we learn to love and serve. Men may seem to be 
criminals and to live degraded lives, but we cannot deny this great 
fact, that in every human heart Jesus Christ lives. 

Can you treat a man, even an enemy, as your friend, when he ~ 
comes up to you intending to hit you, believing that in him Christ 
dwells? The mass of humanity is like a gold mine to me. It is 
rugged on the outside; in some spots it is dark and gloomy, but as 


LATIN AMERICA 203 


we dig deeper into the heart of humanity, I can see the streams of 
love, as streams of gold. 

It takes a man of pure heart to believe that in every human soul 
Jesus Christ lives. It takes a man of unselfish motives to believe that 
in every man Jesus Christ lives. It takes a man of courage, when 
everything is against him, when men are falling by the wayside by 
thousands, to believe that Jesus Christ dwells in every human heart. 

Perhaps some of you will never go to any foreign field as mis- 
sionaries, but in your business and in your different professions by 
changing your own surroundings, Jesus Christ can be made to live. 
Also Jesus Christ can come to live in the men who are surrounding 
you. 

Can we treat ourselves as those who really have Jesus Christ 
dwelling within us? It makes no difference whether we make mis- 
takes or not, Jesus Christ lives in us. Can we believe in men who are 
making mistakes, that in them Jesus Christ lives? 


LATIN AMERICA 


ANDRES OSUNA 


Secretary of the Committee on Missionary Cooperation in Mexico 


I hesitate to begin my talk this morning on account of the great 
and extensive subject with which I have to deal. I have to represent 
thirty different nations in Latin America, covering the great continent 
of South America, and a part of North America. I have to deal 
with more than 70,000,000 people, and if I were to go into details 
I would have to talk, for example, of the different languages and 
dialects spoken in those countries which number more than one hun- 
dred and fifty. You see, I could not do all this in the limited time 
given to me on this program. 

In the first place, allow me to present some of the assets of 
Latin America. We have, of course, a great territorial expanse. 
We have room there for many millions of people. We have in some 
nations large sections that have never been explored. We have there 
natural resources that are unknown as yet to the world. In some of 
those interesting countries you find the most needed treasures of the 
world today. Naturally a great deal remains to be done. There is 
room for much development. There is a place in South America 
for the surplus population of many nations. It is time that we should 


204 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


begin thinking seriously about the destiny of these Latin American 
countries. 

Not long ago it was my good fortune to be entertained by the 
captain of a great warship of the United States. We were talking 
together of the oil resources of my country. A commission had been 
sent to study those great resources and in its report the oil reserves 
of Mexico were estimated at approximately one hundred and fifty 
billions of dollars. 

There are many sections throughout Latin America where one 
finds other great natural resources of untold value, for instance, the - 
many fine timber lands. In one of the states of Mexico there is a 
small tract of land, 125,000 acres in extent, in which, according to 
official reports, more than 200,000 tons of mahogany lie ready to be 
taken to the market. This is only one illustration out of thousands 
that I might speak of tonight if there were time. 

Latin America offers a great market for manufactured goods. 
These new countries are constantly increasing their demands for 
manufactured products, and I venture to say that during any great 
dispute between the nations of Europe over the control of foreign 
markets, Latin America is never out of mind. 

There are also ethnical values in Latin American countries. The 
main inhabitants of those lands are formed by the blending of two 
great races—the Latin races coming originally from Europe, from 
the great countries of Spain and Portugal—men of great endurance, 
ambition, and talent; and the native races, found throughout South 
America and Mexico of whose origin the scientists of the world are 
still in ignorance. 

I have had opportunity within the last few years to visit some 
of the ruins of the old races of Mexico, and I tell you these are well 
worth investigating and studying. The latest researches indicate that | 
some of those ruined cities with their majestic temples and palaces 
date back four or five thousand years. 

We have been talking about the origin of the early inhabitants 
of Mexico and South America. One theory is that they come from 
Asia or from Europe. I should not be surprised if before very long 
another theory should state that the Chinese lived originally in Mex- 
ico and went from Mexico to inhabit Asia, or that the different 
inhabitants of other countries had their cradle here on this continent ! 

Another very important asset of Latin America lies in the fact 
that the nations are still young and undeveloped. There is no telling 
how far this development will go if these nations are given a fair 
chance. Occasionally I read a newspaper article which declares that 


LATIN AMERICA 205 


the native races are a decided handicap to the development of Latin 
America, That is most unjust. The native peoples and the mixed 
races of Latin America have never had a chance to show their worth. 
They have never been educated. They have never been given oppor- 
tunities to grow and develop their latent powers. Once in a long 
while they seize an opportunity and give us very prominent men. 
One of the most influential men of this continent in years past was 
a full-blooded Indian of Mexico, who had been given a fair chance. 
He undertook—and successfully undertook—to solve some of the 
greatest and most difficult political problems of his day in my country. 
For this he needed moral and intellectual courage to stand out against 
foreign invasion, against European diplomacy and militarism which 
threatened the continuance of peaceful democracy on this continent. 
That full-blooded Indian was glad to defend the great cause dear to 
every American republic, to carry the burdens of his own people, 
and to give his life, if needed, to advance the freedom of his own 
nation and race and make a better way for all who might come 
after him. 

This leads me to say that the people of Latin America have very 
valuable racial qualities. I must talk to you in terms with which you 
are familiar. You are hearing constantly of revolutions in Latin 
America, especially in Mexico. Well, those nations are fighting 
people, but don’t you know that the fighting spirit is a great asset in 
nations? What is needed is self-control and proper direction. What 
is life, if it is not a constant struggle, a constant fight? What is your 
activity in college life, if it is not fighting day after day, struggling 
week after week? If you have the fighting spirit you have a great 
personal asset. So I believe that in Latin America we have a very 
real asset in this fighting spirit. Only we must learn to put it to 
worthier uses and express it in worthier ways. We need revolutions 
in the educational world, in the industrial world, in the economic 
world, in various social activities. We need great leaders in each 
one of those activities. If you turn that natural inclination of the 
people into proper channels, the future development and peace of 
Latin America are assured. 

But Latin America has another racial trait that I consider an 
-asset. That is their desire for religion. The earliest natives of Latin 
America were very religious. The greatest monuments among the 
ruins that we are now discovering and uncovering are great temples. 
Occasionally we have discovered whole towns or even cities which 
seem to have been devoted to religious training, and religious training 
alone. We have in Mexico the ruins of San Juan Teotihuacan, a city 


206 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


devoted to the religious training of the people and especially to the 
religious education of young priests. 

Why is it, then, that we need missionaries in Latin America 
today? Well, just consider another matter. The established religion 
throughout Latin America was allied for many years with the political 
powers of the land in the interests of subjecting the native peoples 
and keeping them peacefully within the European domain. In its 
message this church forgot the great redeeming and uplifting spirit 
of Christianity, with the result that it has failed to do what ought 
to have been done in the religious awakening and development of the 
people. You may have heard already how sorely we need a revival 
of religion all through Latin American countries. 

We need this because we have great problems to be solved. I 
mention only a few of them so that you may have some idea of: what 
we have to contend with. In the first place, we have the problem of 
education. Latin American countries are in a pitiful condition. The 
two most advanced nations of Latin America report that forty per 
cent of their people are still illiterate. The majority of countries have 
nearly eighty per cent in the illiterate class. 

Now when you remember how many years we have been trying 
to establish democracies in these countries, when eighty per cent of 
the people still do not know how to read or write, -you can easily 
imagine the tremendous problem still before us. We have a few 
schools. We have universities and we have colleges, but these con- — 
tain only twenty or thirty per cent of the entire population of school 
age. From all this you see our great need of more teachers and 
leaders in the field of education. Some of our nations are awakening 
to the seriousness of their need for education among the masses and 
are establishing normal schools and colleges, industrial schools and 
universities, with a good primary school educational foundation, but 
there still remains much to do. Latin America needs a good system 
of education, adopted to her people’s present state. We have been 
trying different systems, importing some from foreign nations, and 
making the blunder of trying to apply to different racial tempera- 
ments and social conditions systems that have been tried and proved 
elsewhere under very different conditions. Some of our leaders have 
been trying to develop systems of their own, but of course that is 
slow work, and sometimes for lack of technical preparation they have 
not been very successful. 

Again, we need money to support our schools. We have no 
endowment for schools and colleges in Latin America. You have 
successful business people in this country and in Canada who gladly 


LATIN AMERICA 207 


give large sums in support of education, endowing great institutions 
for many years. But we have no such benevolence in Latin America. 
The chief reason is this. Most of the large investors in Latin Amer- 
ica are foreigners, who take back their money with them and leave 
nothing for our educational institutions. The revenues from taxes 
are not enough. Of course, we are making some progress in increas- 
ing our appropriations for schools and colleges. In Mexico alone the 
appropriation of the Federal Government, which used to be about 
10,000,000 pesos or $5,000,000 anuually, has been increased in the 
last few years to 50,000,000 pesos. However, this is a very small 
amount when compared with the great need, 

Then we have another obstacle to overcome in solving our edu- 
cational problems, and that obstacle is politics. Whenever politics 
get into the schools—and they are always in the schools in Latin 
America—there arise situations most difficult to meet. I hope you 
don’t have such conditions in the United States or in Canada. 

Again, we have the economic problem. That is a very important 
one. In financing our own governments we have had to get loans 
from abroad and these have encouraged graft and oppression of the 
people to a distressing extent. Most of the capital for the develop- 
ment of our natural resources has had to be imported from outside. 
While these investments have been very profitable, they have not 
always served the best interests of the people. 

You find in Mexico, for instance, and in most of the richer Latin 
American countries, immense amounts of money constantly exported 
to foreign countries in return for foreign investments. Mexico alone 
has given out of her mines more than one-half of the total amount 
of silver in circulation throughout the world today. The gold mines 
of Mexico also are rich, Today Mexico is considered one of the 
richest countries of the world in mineral resources. I have told how 
rich it is in oil. Nevertheless, our Mexican people who have been 
working in these mines, or who have been developing these oil wells, 
are as poor and wretched as if they were living in the most poverty- 
stricken region of the globe. Their share has been only hardship 
and poverty, while they have helped to amass immense fortunes for 
the foreigners who refuse to turn back their profits to the develop- 
ment of our country and the creating of better living conditions. 
A similar story could be told of any other Latin American country. 
To be sure, we need capital to continue the development of our 
resources ; we need foreign investors. But, my dear fellow students, 
a new day has dawned on the world. We need a new spirit in the 
investors who come to Latin America; we need more unselfishness 


208 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


on their part, more regard for the future, a more humane feeling 
within them in respect to their dealings with people. 

Again, we have another great problem, and this is the political 
problem. Perhaps it is the most interesting to you because you hear 
more about this than any other problem. I have said that the problem 
of illiteracy in Latin America is simply tremendous, dreadful. We 
have still to establish self-government and democracy, but will you 
tell me how in the world we can ever expect to have real democracy 
in a country when eighty per cent of the people cannot read or write 
and so cannot be appealed to intelligently to pass judgment upon 
any one of the political issues of the day? Here is the root of many 
of our difficulties. Whenever some leader seeks political power and 
begins to organize a party, or to present himself as a candidate for 
public election, he has merely to gather around him other politicians 
of like mind who by organizing machinery and exerting proper pres- 
sure, find it an easy task to get whatever they want from an ignorant 
people. A good political machine can elect anybody to public office 
in Latin America. Before you pass judgment on the administration 
of any Latin American countries—before you put any confidence in 
the facts you have regarding the honesty and the unselfish patriotism 
of those at its head, wait until that administration is gone, and its 
power has passed away. 

Education is at the root of most of our political difficulties. Of. 
course, we have our colleges and universities, but allow me to say 
that the courses of study in these colleges and universities are not 
preparing the political leaders that we need. If you go to most of 
our Latin American countries, one of the greatest tragedies that you 
will find there is the lack of proper preparation for public duty. The 
leaders may be educated in the sense that they can go among the 
people and talk to them, organize them, and induce them to vote in - 
a certain way, but they are not educated leaders in the sense of 
understanding the living conditions of our people, the problems which 
they have to face, and the best means of solving these problems. 

Again, we notice among the politicians of Latin America great 
selfishness. I suppose that does not seem strange to you. It may 
be that you have some politicians in this country or in Canada equally 
selfish; only it is more disastrous in Latin America on account of the 
inability of the masses to correct such evils. 

We have another serious problem throughout Latin America— 
the problem of militarism. You may hear some of the leaders claim 
that they stand for civil government and for civilians as public officers, 
but if you go and see what they are doing, you will find that it is 


LATIN AMERICA 209 


only a militaristic dictatorship that is established in most of these 
countries. Is it surprising that in order to solve political problems 
we so frequently resort to revolution? 

I cannot tell how many revolutions are either going on or brood- 
ing in Latin America at this moment. There may be as many as 
twenty or twenty-two. One can’t expect anything else as long as 
you encourage the military spirit and introduce force to settle all 
political questions. 

The early settlers of Latin America were idealists in their creed. 
This high idealism came from Spain and was personified in all Span- 
ish leaders of those days. In almost every country there were fami- 
lies, very high-minded in their purposes and unimpeachable in their 
standards. Today the majority of the people have lost those great 
ideals. They are given to programs of selfishness and materialism. 
They are content to look after economic interests and are not trying 
to help solve the political problems and social injustice that one finds 
everywhere, 

If you analyze the present conditions in Latin America and their 
causes still further, you discover what I consider the most serious 
problem of all—the moral and religious problem. I have been min- 
gling with the people of several Latin American countries for some 
time, going among the politicians and among leaders of all kinds. 
I have been in close touch with investors and merchants, with business 
people and with laboring classes, in fact, with everybody who might 
have an intelligent opinion of conditions, and I find everywhere an 
appalling lack and sense of need of spiritual leadership, moral ideals 
and moral force. 

You will be surprised to learn that the Latin American people 
are revolting against most of the old-established institutions of their 
countries. Take religion, for instance. The thinking people are 
revolting against the Roman Catholic Church because of her reac- 
tionary program. Not long ago, in one of the Spanish universities 
a very distinguished professor was talking to his students in words 
somewhat like these: “My friends, we need to study the religious 
conditions of our country. If you go to any of the great churches 
or the great cathedrals of Spain, you will find as you go about, in 
almost all the altars, a dead Christ. If you go to the homes of the 
people, you will find there pictures and representations of a dead 
Christ. I will venture to say that if you open the heart of every 
Spanish Catholic today you will find there the image of a dead 
Christ.” 

Well, that is an exact description in religious terms of Latin 


210 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


America. The people are resenting it and are trying to find some- 
thing different. They are trying to find the religion of a living 


Christ in order to solve the most important problems of life. They — 


cannot any longer allow a dead religion to continue controlling the 
minds of the people or to keep them down. 

For instance, in Mexico when we gained our independence after 
three hundred years of Spanish control, we found that only one-half 
of one per cent of the people were able to read and write. Out of 
these about forty-five per cent were clergymen. Now that church, 
although it had all the millions it needed for education, all the workers 
—and we had a clergyman there for about every 500 inhabitants,— 
with the power of the government behind it, and with all the necessary 
obedience and control of the people, didn’t care to offer the first 
essentials of education to the people, year after year, decade after 
decade. A similar charge could be made against the Church through- 


out all Latin America. The present leaders in Latin American coun- — 


tries are revolting against such institutions and such ideas. They 
want new things and new programs. 

Let us now think for a moment about the cooperation needed 
from the United States and Canada. In the first place, we need 
better understanding in regard to our present condition. I don’t 
want you to think that if you go to Mexico, for example, you have 


to deal with poor, wretched, illiterate people altogether. You will 


find a class there as highly educated as in any other nation. They 
have beautiful cities, as beautiful—except not so smoky—as In- 
dianapolis, and we have a great many good things all over Mexico; 
but remember that we have there also no less than seventy per cent 
of the people who are submerged below the level of human civiliza- 
tion. The same thing could be said in regard to the other nations 


of Latin America. You will find a great many good things, but still. 


remember the percentages. Keep them in mind. 

We need good will on the part of the United States and Canada, 
especially the good will of the students of these countries toward 
Mexico and toward all Latin America. Allow me to talk especially 
about Mexico because it is the key of relationships with all Latin 
America. It is your next door neighbor. The Latin American 
nations are watching your dealings with Mexico, and are judging 
your nations in the light of them. 

A great deal has been done during the last few years toward 
creating this good will, but there is one idea I want specially to 
commend to you. A group of students attending the summer school 
of the University of Mexico last summer devised this plan, namely, 


I | 


LATIN AMERICA 211 


to erect a monument on the international boundary line between 
Mexico and the United States, representing Lincoln on the one side 
clasping hands with the great Indian President Juarez on the other 
side, thus symbolizing the good will of the American people to the 
Latin American countries, especially to Mexico. The funds to meet 
the expenses are to be collected from the children and young people 
of both countries. I commend this idea to you because the solution 
of this problem of better understanding and good will between the 
United States and Canada and the nations of Latin America depends 
upon the students of both countries. If you undertake this task, the 
problem will be solved. 

Then we need higher standards of Christianity in our Latin 
American countries. We need some of your people with strong 
Christian spirits to establish businesses of different kinds and deal 
with our people in the spirit of helpfulness and love. 

I believe that the religion we need is a powerful, active, living 
religion. I believe that the Christ we need is a living Christ. We 
need a knowledge of Christ, and a great deal is being done in spread- 
ing this knowledge of Christ just now. In Mexico alone the govern- 
ment has printed a special edition of the Gospels in the language of 
the people, printing 50,000 copies to be distributed all over the coun- 
try, and to be placed in all the libraries. Our politicians have said 
repeatedly that the only hope of Mexico is a knowledge of Christ. 

But, my friends, we need beside the knowledge of Christ, the 
power of Christ. We need to establish there the life of service. We 
need American and Canadian investors to go to Latin America to 
carry this spirit of service, and to establish there business with a new 
program and higher ideals. We need every misisonary who goes 
there to go with this spirit. I wish I had time to give you illustrations 
of some we have there already who are willing to serve in every 
possible way to help our people and spread this knowledge of better 
things and of higher ideals. 

We need you to help us to solve our problems in a spirit of 
sympathy, understanding our difficulties and understanding why we 
cannot do better than we are doing today. We need your help in 
establishing schools; we need your help in establishing Christian 
Associations all over the continent; we are doing something already, 
but we need your cooperation and your sympathy. 

Now, my friends, I want to leave this last word with you. 
Remember that the solution of all these problems depends upon the 
active cooperation of every one of you here today. If every one of 
you determine to do something, whatever it may be, to solve this 


212 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


problem, there is no telling what you seven thousand students can 
accomplish all over this North American continent. The point is 
to do something, and to help others who are engaged in doing some- 
thing. I wish I had the voice of 70,000,000 people to tell your college 
friends and your home folks all over this country that Latin America 
needs better understanding and more sympathy and more actual help 
in every possible way if she is ever to solve her many problems. 


MOHAMMEDANISM IN THE NEAR EAST 


KINGSLEY BiIrGE 


Formerly Professor in the International College at Smyrna, now Student 
Secretary of the International Committee of the Y.M.C. A. 
for New England 


It was in the neighborhood of thirteen years ago that I began 
my study of the Mohammedan world, and during these thirteen 
years whatever “apparatus” the Lord saw fit to give me has been 
occupied from sixty to ninety per cent of the time in a study of the 
conflicting currents that have been sweeping over the Moslem world. 


And I confess tonight that I have been baffled many times as I have . 


sought to understand the complex life of a faith so like ours, and 
yet so alien to ours. 

I venture to speak to you tonight, not as a scholar who conceives 
himself capable of presenting in twenty minutes an adequate picture 
of Mohammedanism in the Near East, but I speak to you simply as 
a young missionary who has done little more than experience the 
wonderful fascination of the Moslem East, who carries with him as 
one of his most precious treasures the memory of the hours that he 
has spent with the preachers of Islam; as they have met with him in 
his home, or as he has been with them in their homes; as they have 
talked together in Christian Church, in Moslem mosque, and in fra- 
ternity lodge about the things of God; whose heart has warmed a 
thousand times as he has sat beside his Moslem brothers, and who 
has longed from down in the depths of his heart to give them the 
knowledge that he has of the way of Jesus Christ. 

It was two or three years ago, during a summer vacation, in an 
effort to understand a little bit better this strange world to which I 
had gone that I ventured to take up my abode during the summer 
vacation in a Turkish khan in the Skutari quarter of Constantinople. 


. —— 
—— eee 


MOHAMMEDANISM IN THE NEAR EAST 213 


It was my pleasure during that period of my summer vacation to 
spend practically all my time with my Moslem brothers in the mosques, 
in the coffee houses, sitting there around the tables before I went to 
bed at night, reading their books and talking with them about the 
problems of their Mohammedan world. 

I remember one night, before going down to a prayer meeting 
in one of their dervish lodges, talking with an old man who took 
out of his pocket a little bag and out of the bag some instruments, 
and who sat there as he talked with me sharpening those knives and 
spears. We were going down that night to worship in a place where 
men boasted that the reality of their worship of God was borne 
witness to by the fact that they could cut each other without bringing 
blood and without feeling pain; and as we walked down through the 
streets of Skutari that night, this old man beside me told me about 
the master of the way of life that he was seeking to follow. He said, 
“The wonderful thing about Hazret-i-Rufai is that he is present in 
every place in all the world; that just as Hazret-i-Rufai will show 
his power here tonight, so in Paris and London and New York and 
Tokio, in all quarters of the world, Hazret-i-Rufai is to be found.” 

I wished as I walked with that man, that I could tell him about 
my Lord, who I believed also was prepared to show His power in 
every city of the world. Going into the place of worship I sat in a 
chair and watched my friends as they knelt in a circle, as they. sat 
back on their heels and as they swayed their bodies back and forth, 
repeating hundreds of times the expression “God is most great ; God 
is most great.” 

Then going into another phrase of it, “God, God, God,” until 
finally my aged friend, with his companions, rose to their feet, swayed 
their bodies back and forth with the excitement of it, took one of 
those instruments from his, pocket, and placing it in his mouth, put 
his face to the wall. Another friend of his drove that little knife 
through his cheek and nailed him to the wall. I saw him take one 
of those spears and drive it into his neck, through his skin and 
through some of the flesh, and with that instrument hanging out of 
his neck he drove another into his head and then walked around 
within three feet of me so that I could not mistake the fact that these 
things had actually been driven through his flesh. He said he could 
put one of those spears into my neck and drive it through without 
causing me any pain. I thanked him for the invitation and assured 
him I preferred to be an observer only. 

I went into one of these dervish lodges in another city one night 
and stood with my friends, as they swayed their bodies back and 


214 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


forth. Into the center of the little circle a brazier was brought, out 
of which the head man took small iron rods one after another, with 
little round circles on the end that had been heated red hot. Slapping 
these things on his hands, he gave them first to one, then to another 
of the people in the circle with whom I stood. Then, carrying those 
red hot irons so near me that I could hear the hiss of the hot iron, 
as the tongue touched them, they licked those irons until the red 
had gone and they had become cold. One man took the iron and 
closed his mouth over it, holding the red hot iron in his mouth all 
the while. They were worshiping God after the way that they knew. 

In a Bible class in the college where I taught, was a little boy 
fourteen years old. Often on a Sunday afternoon I would go to 
the prayer meeting where his dervish lodge worshipped, and there 
I would see that little boy with his brother and his other friends 
come out in their long robes, and to the tune of a drum and a reed 
pipe, stretch out their right hands with palms up and their left hands 
with palms down, and with their head over their right shoulder, 
repeating silently the word “God, God, God,” would whirl around 
that room, sixty-seven revolutions to the minute, if I remember our 
count correctly. They were whirling in an effort to experience and 
express symbolically the communion with the spirit of God, whose 
rhythmic harmonies lie behind the temporal universe in which we live. 

I went one day up a great high rock in the interior city at the 
point of the junction with the Bagdad Railway, and as I climbed up 
that hill, here and there hanging from the branches of the trees I 
saw little rags; and, because I was but a traveler in the country that 
summer, I asked my companions what these little rags stood for. 

They said, “These rags are the reminders to the spirits that 
hover about this mountain of the prayers of the ignorant men and 
women who have come up here to worship.” 

They were the prayers not of Mohammedanism; they were the 
prayers of animism, yet they were the prayers and only visible sym- 
bols of the beliefs and practices of perhaps more than half of the 
people of the Mohammedan world. 

I climbed up a hill behind the old city of Philadelphia one Boat 
day afternoon, and going into the place where an old Moslem saint 
lies buried, I saw that underneath the cement that covers his grave 
there was a hole, and I asked my friend what had made that hole. 

He said, “Why, Moslem women come here, and scraping away 
the cement, reach inside with their hands to take some of the dust 
of that old Moslem saint to their home, where they eat it, believing 


MOHAMMEDANISM IN THE NEAR EAST 215 


that the imperfections of their bodies will thus be cured as the dust 
of the old Moslem saint comes into touch with them.” 

And so, when you go to a Mohammedan country, you go not 
only to see those who believe in the scholastic religion of Mohammed, 
of which you read in the books, but you go to find perhaps the vast 
majority of the people believing either in the mysticism that I have 
described, or in some form of animism, accompanied by gross igno- 
rance and superstition. The orthodox teachers believe that God is 
the far away God of sovereign power. One of the fundamental 
teachings of their faith is that God is not like us, for He did not 
create us in His own image. 

There came to our college a few years ago a young man who 
wore the long robe of a Turkish teacher of religion, about the red 
fez on whose head there was wrapped the white band that showed 
him to be a respected teacher of Islam; a man who every Friday 
climbed up into the pulpit, read out of the Koran and taught his 
people the Mohammedan faith; a man who taught them the scholastic 
faith of which you read in your textbooks in America, yet a man 
who had heard that the Americans and the English had come with 
a different faith, and who had become interested in it. 

So, every day during the week, save Friday, he left his mosque, 
and coming out to the village where our college was located, he sought 
there to study this new Christian faith. I remember one day when 
we asked him if he would not like to kneel with us in prayer, how 
radiant his face was as he said that that was the thing he most longed 
for. Day after day after reading the words of the story of Christ, 
we knelt together and prayed to the God Whom he also had now 
come to know as his Father God. 

One day that young man took off his dress as a Turkish preacher. 
He took off the white band around his fez and signed the card that 
said, “I purpose in the spirit of Christ to give my life in Christian 
service in my country.” The first Christian student of Western Asia 
Minor was Shemsuddin Effendi, a former believer in the religion of 
Mohammed. To him Mohammed and Christ were like two great 
mountains. As one stood at a distance he saw those mountains 
towering almost equally high, but as he drew near to the mountain 
that stood for Mohammed it seemed to be only a jagged, hard, bare 
rock. As he drew closer to the mountain that stood for Christ there 
appeared on every side of it little streams of refreshing water. 
Beautiful little flowers sprang forth from the rocks. Knowing the 
cost, he nevertheless gave his life to the ascent of that mountain 


216 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


from which there came springing forth the life-giving influences of 
the spirit of Christ. 

The great tragedy of it is that in Turkey today educated young 
men like my friend, Shemsuddin Effendi, as they gaze upon Moham- 
med, also see in him only a jagged, bare mountain of rock, and 
turning from that vision in which they have found no life, have 
passed from faith into disbelief. The question for the educated 
people of Turkey today is no longer a question of whether they shall 
be Christian or Mohammedan, but rather whether they shall be Chris- 
tian or without any faith at all. 

It was one of these young modern men, an officer in the Turkish 
Army during the Great War, who had so largely lost his faith in 
Mohammed, and who, as he passed through the interior of Asia 
Minor, saw groups of Armenians cut down before his very eyes with 
the knives and axes of the Turkish soldiery. As he saw the living 
Armenians gather around the graves of the slaughtered, singing their 
hymns and offering their prayers, he frequently would go away with 
his heart deeply moved and with a great longing there to understand 
the faith that these Armenians had shown. 

About two years ago this same young man came to our college, 
a confessed believer in the religion of Christ. If you ever think your 
life is hard, remember that Turkish brother of mine who dared con- 
fess the Christ. A year ago last summer he visited his father in a 
city not far from Smyrna. When the Turks entered Smyrna a year 
ago last summer that father, although he, himself, was a professed 
believer in Mohammedanism, yet because he had entertained his 
Christian son, was reported to have been taken out and hung from 
the door of his own home. The father paid the penalty with his life 
because he had dared to entertain his Christian son. 

Now it would not be fair to call to our minds all the evil things 
that the Turks have done, and not recall at the same time that the only 
understanding of the Christian world which the Turk of today has, 
is that of a world alien politically from his own. While the Turkish 
leaders have lost their religious faith, yet they fanatically hold to 
their religion because Mohammedanism is a political bond. All they 
know about Christianity is that it is the religion of the great im- 
perialistic nations of the world, that where the great armies and the 
great navies are, there people worship the holy Christ. Is it any 
wonder that men who have experienced the militarism of the western 
world, its selfish commercialism, and its economic imperialism—is it 
any wonder that these men have not been able to understand the 
deeper spirit that lies behind the faith that you and I hold? 


MOHAMMEDANISM IN THE NEAR EAST 217 


I cannot describe better the meaning of what it is to be a Chris- 
tian in Turkey and to carry there the message of the Christ than to 
read to you a letter sent to me by a young Armenian boy, a boy who 
had been driven out of Cilicia when the French withdrew and when 
the Turks entered, a boy who later came to our college in Smyrna, 
and who, when the Turks came into the city last summer, was driven 
forth from that city with many others. The city had been burned; 
three hundred thousand of the Christian population of the city had 
been sent off to an alien land; the young men of eighteen to forty- 
five years had been exiled into the interior, their clothes largely 
stripped from their bodies as they went forth to face the hard ordeal 
of the coming winter. 

This boy, after he had been freed from exile in response to a 
petition, which we sent to the general commanding the western front, 
wrote me this letter describing his own experience: 

“On the third day of our captivity, in a place called Bunarbashi, 
the Turkish soldiers robbed us of all our clothing and money. They 
left us half naked and barefooted. We all, terrified, with tears in 
our eyes, awaited in fear the hour when we thought they would kill 
us. Just twenty-four hours later the soldiers came. They took what- 
ever we had—shoes, shirts, coats, combs, looking glasses. They led 
us to a mountain, where on our left and our right we saw corpses 
swollen and stinking, others buried in pits, their arms being left 
out of the pit, black and putrefied. While climbing the mountain the 
soldiers shot and killed three prisoners in our group. The peasants 
rushed on us and asked the soldiers to sell us to them, for from 
twenty to fifty piasters, that they might kill us on that mountain. 

“We all began to run forward on the sharp rocks and stones, 
barefooted, fearing the soldiers who killed the three prisoners behind 
us. That night we, fifty-two prisoners, thirty-two college students 
and servants and twenty others, were crowded into a stable, where 
took place an inexplicable and unimaginable crime, which my mouth 
and my pen are constrained not to tell and not to write. Oh, the 
horror of that cursed night, to see the Christian young men seventeen 
to eighteen years old being made victims to the brutal lusts of the 
Turkish officers and soldiers! 

“The next day we reached Mamsa. There in the barracks 
officers from Cilicia, knowing that we were twenty Armenian stu- 
dents, beat us with iron rods. A little later they undressed us alto- 
gether and began to scourge us naked. Then they turned us over 
to the fourteenth battalion of the civil prisoners in Mamsa, all bare- 
footed and in rags, one and one-half months exposed to the severe 


218 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


cold and showery rain of winter, lice swarming over us, bread and 
coarse beans being our daily food. We suffered very much, working 
all the day long at various kinds of hard labor. 

“Knowing the Turkish language pretty well I became the secre- 
tary to our regiment, only myself being exempted from work. Thank 
God, after one and one-half months, sweaters and money and later 
on shoes were sent to us, so that our condition began to be bettered; 
but the other prisoners, hopeless and faithless, many even denying 
the existence of God, suffered more than we suffered.” 

Then that Armenian boy goes on to say: 

iN And for this very reason I am glad, even though I suffered 
much, that I was a prisoner as a Christian young man to comfort 
and exhort those poor prisoners, so that I could show them the loving 
spirit of Jesus by which they were strengthened to bear the strain 
of life, that as their Secretary I could show them the spirit of prayer 
and helpfulness. Moreover, I am glad that I could work among the 
Turkish guards, whose hands were stained with the innocent blood 
of our Christian brothers. I wrote their letters and their applica- 
tions. I read their newspapers and their letters. I ate with them, 
blessing the table by the Lord’s prayer in Turkish. I exhorted them, 
told them that they, being liars, immoral men and drunkards, were 








not even true Moslems, and I am glad that they confessed their sins 


and accepted what I told them as the truth. 

“Thank God, Jesus worked through me and His spirit was loved 
and honored both by the Christian prisoners and by the Moslem 
guards.” 


MOHAMMEDANISM AND THE MISSIONARY’S TASK © 


PauL W. Harrison 


Medical Missionary to Arabia 


I am a socialist, and I am a socialist because I am glad to take 
a stake and drive it in about a half mile ahead of the interminable 
talk, the dust and the confusion that surrounds the discussion of 
economic problems; and then to sit out there and watch every inch 
of social progress come towards me and every inch of social retro- 
gression recede from me. 

I am proud that I am a missionary, because as missionaries we 
have driven a stake likewise about ten miles ahead of the interminable 


THE MISSIONARY’S TASK 219 


talk, the dust and the confusion of the discussion of international 
relationships.and racial difficulties, and there, too, every inch of sub- 
stantial progress is an inch of approach toward the missionary 
position. f 

I am going to try to tell you what I regard as the necessary 
principles that govern missionary work for Mohammedans. You 
have heard a good deal tonight about the very bad aspect of practical 
Mohammedanism, and it is all true; but nevertheless the very first 
principles that must govern our efforts to carry the missionary mes- 
sage, the message of Christ, to the Mohammedan world, is this: that 
we cordially recognize all of the good that exists in that system. No 
more magnificent conception has been attained by the heart of man 
than the great overwhelming conception of God’s omnipotence which 
Mohammed presented to the world thirteen centuries ago. It is the 
power of that picture that has carried Mohammedanism down through 
thirteen centuries without a single defeat, that makes it number 250,- 
000,000 of the strongest, most virile and warlike races of the world 
today. 

Now, the first principle in the missionary’s approach to the 
Mohammedans is this, that we cordially recognize the good that is 
in that system. Some of us hope that one day the men and women 
of America will get into their blood a little of the iron, and into their 
souls a little of the strength and magnificence of that vision. 

The second principle that governs missionary work to Moham- 
medans is this: that we recognize the absolute equality of the man 
with whom we are working. No man can hope to do anything for 
Mohammedans who looks down on those people as poor, miserable, 
degraded heathen to whom he reaches out a nicely sandpapered and 
polished-up religion like an apple on a long fishpole. 

Sometimes, you know,- we learn a great deal in a very few 
minutes. That happened to me once when I was out in Arabia, and 
sat on the deck of a river sail-boat as we came down the Tigris 
River. The captain of the boat turned to me one day and, hammer- 
ing on the deck with his fist, said, “We don’t mind you, but the 
English—we hate the English.” 

“Yes,” I said. “Why do you hate the English?” 

“We hate them,’ he replied emphatically, “because they treat 
us like dogs.” 

“See here,” I said to him, “you know that’s not true. They don’t 
treat you like dogs. They give you a good government when they 
have a chance, and they don’t cheat you in business.” 

The man took the words out of my mouth and carried them on. 


220 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


“We know all that. We know it better than you do. We know 
they don’t cheat us in business, and they don’t accept bribes as 
government officials. They don’t run away with other men’s wives, 
but”—here he hammered on the deck again—‘“‘we hate them just the 
same.” 

“Well,” I said, “what is the matter with you? What makes you 
feel that way?” , 

“Oh,” he said, “they look down on us. They think they are 
better than we are.” 

Unfortunately, that was something which could not be denied. 
Every colonial government is organized on the same basis. Society 
is divided into two classes, the rulers above and the ruled down 
below. I am not here tonight to tell you how any colonial govern- 
ment ought to run its dependencies, for that I know nothing about; 
but there is one thing in this world that I’m a little bit surer of than 
of anything else I know, and it is this,—that you can’t do missionary 
work that way. 

Any man who goes out to Arabia or to any other part of the 
Mohammedan world, first, last and all the time has got to recognize 
that he is working for men who are just as good as he is. He must 
make himself one of them. It isn’t always easy to do it. You travel 
all day long across the desert. Two hours before the sun gets up 
you start; you travel all day, and at sundown the caravan leader picks 
a place to camp; camels are unloaded and turned out to graze, and 
everybody scatters in one direction or another to collect some fuel. 
One man brings in some dry twigs from a stunted tree, another a 
bundle of weeds from further away. One finds some dried camel — 
manure from a previous encampment and soon there is a fine 
bonfire. 

But there is one man who didn’t go out to get fuel. He is the 
caravan cook. He has to make baking powder biscuits for supper. 
So he takes his saddle, a piece of goatskin it is, about three feet long 
and a foot and a half across. He turns it wrong side up on the sand. 
That puts the hairy side down and the skin side up; then he pounds 
it in the middle with his fist, and so makes a dish out of it. Into 
that dish he pours some flour and some water, and kneads it up into 
a nice dough. Then he slaps that between his hands and makes a 
nice pancake out of it, as big around as a dinner plate and just as 
nice and light as a paving stone or a brick. 

By this time his bonfire has burned down to hot ashes, so he 
scrapes a hole in them and buries his baking powder biscuit, leaving 
it to bake for twenty minutes, and that is to be your supper. If you 





THE MISSIONARY’S TASK 221 


don’t like it, you had better like it, for it is all you are going to get. 
You sit around the fire in the circle with the others, and they break 
you off a piece like a piece of pie, and you eat it—good, solid, sub- 
stantial food! 

Oh, yes, if the missionary wants to he can sit back by himself 
and eat a sardine out of a tin can, provided he has got a tin can 
along with a sardine in it. But that is not the way to get acquainted 
with those people. The way to get acquainted with them is to sit 
right around the circle and eat what they eat and enjoy it. It doesn’t 
answer the purpose either to be like the man who, when in trouble 
and advised by his friend to grin and bear it, replied that “he would 
bear it, but he would be dog-goned if he’d grin.” Now the missionary 
has got to sit in that circle, and he has got to grin, he has got to like 
it, and have a good time eating that baking powder biscuit. 

When the biscuit course is over, then most probably there will 
be a bon-bon course. The man next to you has taken twelve roasted 
locusts so you take six. A roasted locust is seized amidships. You 
pull off his bony hind legs—no one eats his hind legs—then you pull 
off his wings and throw them away—you don’t eat his wings, either— 
and you pull his head out by the roots and what is left you eat. 

In this way and in every possible way you identify yourself with 
your Arab friends, and just so far as you can you make yourself 
one of them, and if you have to pray for a zinc-lined and a copper- 
riveted stomach that night, why that is what you pray for. 

This is ninety per cent of the missionary’s methods, and it is a 
matter of the very first importance. I have yet to meet the first 
Arab with whom I could not be a cordial friend inside of ten days’ 
time. I have never been in a caravan where we weren’t all the 
warmest of friends by the end of the trip. You can be friends with 
anybody if you will approach them that way, and it is absolutely 
essential, not that you eat.roasted locuts—maybe your stomach won’t 
stand that—but that you get out of your soul the last trace of any 
idea of race superiority and race prejudice that Americans are soaked 
with like a wet sponge. 

The third principle that must govern missionary work among 
Mohammedans is this: we want nothing but the voluntary surrender 
of a man’s soul to the message of Christ. There are a lot of different 
kinds of coercion in this world. There is physical coercion, and 
there is no missionary that believes in that, I suppose. Yet I have 
seen missionaries, I have known them, medical missionaries, who 
made their patients pay a fee if they weren’t willing to come and 
listen to a preaching service that preceded the clinic. If the gospel 


222 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


we carry is so weak that it has to be bolstered up by coercion and 
compulsion, there is just one thing to be said, and that is that it is a 
weaker religion than the one we are carrying it to. Mohammedanism 
began from a standing start with no power behind it or in it except 
the inherent strength of that picture of God which Mohammed pre- 
sented to the world, and there are 250,000,000 Mohammedans in the 
world today. 

The missionary goes out in the confidence that he has in his 
hands a picture,—the example and the teachings of Christ,—a picture 
that is able to capture the souls of men. If that message is not able 
to capture them, we don’t try to capture them. We want no physical 
coercion, and equally we want no intellectual coercion. I suppose 
weak men might be found out in Arabia into whose minds the mis- 
sionary could drive his argument by the power of a superior intel- 
lect and training, but we don’t want that kind of thing. We want 
men to look at the picture of Christ, and if Christ can’t go out and 
capture those men we don’t try to. 

The presentation of Christ is the whole of the missionary task. 
He carries it in his hand, nothing else. 

The fourth principle of missionary endeavor among Moham- 
medans is this: that we carry to Mohammedans a spiritual message. 
Ours is not a message of social rearrangement. I know of nothing 
that to my mind reflects more utter futility, not to say imbecility of 
thought, than the notion that we can go out into China, for instance, 
and usefully guide the Chinese nation in its task of social and indus- 
trial reconstruction. 

There are 3,000 Chinese students studying in our universities 
now, and these men are infinitely better qualified to revise the social 
order in their country than any of us can possibly be. I know of 
nothing more futile than the idea that we can usefully attempt to go 
out and teach India how to think. India can teach us how to think 
and one day she is going to do it. 

And so especially among the Mohammedans we go out to carry 
no futile program that we have failed to accomplish ourselves at 
home. We go out to carry to those men the one thing that they 
need, an effective contact with Christ. 

The day is going to come when there will step out on the stage 
of this world’s activities a redeemed Arabia which will teach us more 
about the science of government than we have ever known. There 
will step out on the stage a redeemed China, whose scientific attain- 
ments and patience and thoroughness in research will put into the 
shade everything that we have dreamed about, and there will step out 


THE MISSIONARY’S TASK 223 


on the stage of this world a redeemed India whose penertation into 
spiritual truth and whose apprehension of the deep things of the 
human soul will go infinitely beyond what you and I can even under- 
stand. 

The missionary goes out to hunt for something better than 
hidden gold. He knows that out in those countries there are treasures 
of the human spirit and accomplishments in human association that 
are capable of transforming our whole outlook on life, and idealizing 
our whole social order. There is no adventure in this world com- 
parable with having an opportunity to be one of those who shall 
uncover these treasures and make them available for the whole of 
humanity. It is not a desirable thing, but a fatal thing, to go out 
and try to impose our civilization upon those lands. We don’t want 
them to learn to think the way we think. We don’t want them to 
copy our industrial and social systems. All we are to do is to carry 
to them the example and the teaching and the power and companion- 
ship of Christ, so that when His life and His power enter into their 
souls they will be able to develop into all that God intends them to be. 

We don’t want the Mohammedan world to be transformed into 
the image of America or Europe, we want that world to enter on 
the road of its own self-development. For that purpose only one 
contribution is needed—the contribution that the missionary carries. 
That contribution is a very simple thing, the simplest thing indeed in 
the world,—an acquaintance with and a participation in the life of 
Jesus Christ. 

Scarcely anything in this world is as simple as missionary work. 
We are fond of confusing issues, and building up complexities, and 
making simple things look so fearfully complicated that philosophers 
could not make them more so. But missionary work is the simplest 
thing in the world. A man goes out to Arabia and he finds there a 
warm, personal friend. His soul comes into contact with the soul 
of that friend and on the basis of that contact his friend comes into 
contact with Jesus Christ. That is all there is to missionary work, 
the most simple thing in the world, the most magnificent thing in the 
world, the most important thing in the world and, I suppose, perhaps 
the most difficult thing in the world too. 

The missionary goes out into Arabia and into the Mohammedan 
world to bring men into contact with Christ, so that as He enters 
into their souls individuals will rise up, a man here and a man there, 
and be the beginning of a new social order; not an order after our 
making, but the beginning of a growth, the beginning of a new order 
that shall be one of the most beautiful things that God Himself ever 


224 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


made. And so, these nations that we now look on as backward will 
come up into their own heritage and be members in the great family 
of nations, that shall one day, as we said day before yesterday, be 
members of the family of God Himself. There is no enterprise in 
the world comparable with this, and these principles hold largely for 
- all mission fields, I suppose, not only for the Mohammedan. 

We go out, then, to the Mohammedan world to recognize all the 
good that inheres in the Mohammedan system, and cordially to try 
to incorporate it into our own spiritual lives. We go out there recog- 
nizing the essential equality and sometimes the superiority of the 
men for whom and with whom we work. We go out there desiring 
nothing but the voluntary surrender of the human spirit to Jesus 
Christ. Finally, we go out there to carry to those people the one 
contribution and the only contribution that they need—namely, a 
contact with Christ and a participation in His divine life, so that 
they can enter into their own heritage and grow up to be our equals 
and, please God, to be our superiors. 





DISCUSSION GROUPS 


DIRECTORS OF DISCUSSION GROUPS 


Harrison S. ELviotr 


Union Theological Seminary, New York City 


Grace LoucKs 


National Board, Y. W. C. A., New York City 


THE DISCUSSION GROUP PROGRAM 


Three sessions of the convention were given to the discussion 
group program, two to the actual discussion groups and one to the 
student meeting in which the points of view, convictions and pro- 
posals growing out of these discussions were presented by students 
to the convention as a whole. 

The attempt to give opportunity for student discussion had 
never before been undertaken in so large a convention. In order to 
give opportunity for free and frank expression on the part of stu- 
dents and at the same time in order to insure group thinking as sig- 
nificant as the time and other limitations of a great convention would 
permit, special attention was given to the selection and training of 
leaders, to the processes of group thinking within the groups them- 
selves and to the relation of the discussion groups to the general ses- 
sions of the Convention. The following statement which appeared 
in the handbook indicates the philosophy and purpose of the groups 
and the general procedure agreed upon. 


The purpose of the two group discussional periods during the Con- 
vention is to give an opportunity to discuss frankly and fully all questions 
of mutual and vital concern as well as to help each other in reaching solutions 
of the same. It is assumed that each delegate comes ready not only to con- 

225 


226 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


tribute his or her best thought and experience on the questions involved, but 
also to hear and understand in turn the viewpoint of others. By this process 
of give and take each will help the other, modifications of opinion will take 
place and new convictions will be formed. 

On many questions it is hoped that group convictions may be Renee 
On other questions there doubtless will be genuine differences of opinion. 
Wherever there are group convictions, these will be recognized; where there 
are differences of conviction, such differences will be stated. The delegates 
will thus go from the convention helped to conclusions on many of their ques- 
tions, and understanding one the viewpoint of the other on the questions in 
which they must continue to disagree. Perhaps the greatest result will be 
the stimulus to consider these questions further after students return to their 
respective institutions. There is also every reason to expect that such a 
thorough-going process will lead to united convictions on some questions and 
find expression in heroic action on many a campus. 

The procedure assumes that the convention will be made up of persons 
with a wide range of convictions held with equal earnestness and honesty, and 
that the greatest service this convention can render is to enable these persons 
to discuss one with the other and attempt not to compromise but to integrate 
their experience and their convictions in a new and better group will, which 
may be for this group of students really the Will of God. 

Such a process is one of genuine Christian fellowship. It assumes at 
the outset the honesty and integrity of all Christians present. It is a process 
by which these persons attempt to share with each other the most serious 
problems and the deepest convictions of their lives. There is no thought of 
preventing earnest presentation or of trying to restrain those who feel certain 
viewpoints with great conviction, but it is asked that all of this discussion go. 
on in the spirit of fellowship, which recognizes that others may hold contrary 
viewpoints with equal honesty and conviction, and that the progress of the 
Kingdom of God demands that somehow or other Christians together work 
out the Will of God on earth through the integration of the very deepest con- 
victions that each may hold. 

The success of the discussions depends upon each person holding the 
convictions he has so earnestly that at the moment he would be willing to 
stake his life upon them, and yet be so open-minded that he is willing to _ 
realize that he may be wrong and another person right. This demands that 
no individual or group comes determined to get the convention to adopt reso- 
lutions which embody his convictions. Such an attitude would divide a con- 
vention into contending camps, close the mind to new evidence and destroy 
fellowship. In order to prevent this from happening, the Committee sug- 
gests that no recommendation be presented to the convention except such as 
have resulted from a thorough and frank consideration of the issues in the 
discussion groups. 

Thus if any issue emerges from the discussion sessions which seems to 
be of sufficient importance and to be felt by a large enough number of groups 
to warrant its presentation before the general convention, on the mutual agree- 
ment of the Business Committee and the representatives of the discussion 
groups, the points of view expressed in the discussion groups will be presented 
without recommendations. 

If the reports from the discussion groups show that there has been suf- 








DISCUSSION GROUPS—-PROGRAM 227 


ficient similar conviction on any issue so that there seems to be reasonable 
hope that the convention’s mind on this issue might be formed, on the mutual 
agreement of the Business Committee and representatives of the discussion 
groups this united conviction shall be presented at a general session of the 
Convention on Tuesday morning. 

If at any time there should be any general demand for an expression of 
opinion on any particular issue, this will be asked for not in terms of recom- 
mendations to be adopted or rejected but in a way to show the actual state of 
mind of the gathering, either a unanimous voice, or major and minor con- 
victions where conceivably four or five different opinions or points of view 
may be recognized, or a large proportion favoring with a small minority dis- 
senting. Therefore it will not be possible to say that the convention has 
passed so and so. No formal resolutions will be adopted at any time by 
the convention. 

The Committee asks for the cooperation of all delegates in this outline 
of procedure which seems essential if the discussions of so large a gathering 
are to be constructive and helpful. Faculty representatives, missionaries and 
other non-student delegates are invited to attend the discussional groups with 
the undefstanding that they will not participate in the discussions unless re- 
quested to do so by the leader. 

The leaders were nominated from various parts of North Amer- 
ica and selected on the basis of ability, experience and contact with 
student life. They included undergraduate and graduate students. 
Fifty groups were planned. One fell by the wayside and forty-nine 
were actually held. By a clever device of the registrar, in which 
delegates were assigned to groups according to the last two figures 
on their tickets of admission, the groups were representative of all 
sections of the country and of foreign students as well. Usually 
there was not more than one person from a single delegation in a 
group and there was no preponderance from any one state or section 
of the country. For instance, one group leader reported representa- 
tives from China, Japan, India, the Philippines, Russia, Holland, 
France, Canada, Texas, Mississippi, Georgia, New Jersey, New 
York, Michigan, Missouri, Nebraska, Colorado, California, a few 
visitors, including returned missionaries, and a faculty member from 
Kansas. 

The leaders met at Indianapolis two days in advance of the Con- 
vention and spent twelve hours in preparation together. They gave 
their attention to the analysis and consideration of the possible and 
probable issues which students might wish to discuss and to the tech- 
nique of the group thinking process which would be used in the 
groups. They were trained not by lecture, but by the arduous labor 
of going through and understanding processes through which they 
must eventually take others until the possible problems and their bear- 
ings became clear and the technique of group thinking emerged and 


228 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


was understood by all. Since the opening addresses of the Conven- 
tion presented industrial, racial and international questions, and since 
the students were free to introduce other problems, there was an ex- 
ceptional strain placed on the group leaders because of the impos- 
sibility of knowing in advance the range of issues which might be 
introduced. 

The opening session was planned by the leaders so that the 
students in each group would have an opportunity first to decide 
what questions they wished to discuss; and second, to break open 
and understand the issues in the questions decided upon. Out of a 
possible thirty-five questions which they felt students might wish 
to discuss, the leaders selected seven as “teasers” on the basis of their 
typical character and the range of problems they represented. The 
leaders gave special attention to these seven major problems, working 
out questions which might be used in stimulating discussion, looking 
to the statement of the points at issue and the understanding of the 
conflicting viewpoints. These questions were compared back and 
forth so that they formed somewhat type questions, which could be 
used with modifications extemporaneously made, as issues other than 
those foreseen were introduced. The following indicate somewhat 
the character of these type questions: | 


In what specific ways has this problem arisen in student life? 
What evidences are there that this question is of concern to students? 


What different suggestions are made as to what should be done 
about this issue? What have you known persons or groups actually 
to do in attempting to solve this problem? 


On which of these proposed courses of action or points or view 
would there be agreement? On which points would there be dis- 
agreement? Why? Why do some hold that certain of the proposals 
are practicable and desirable? Why do others hold that they are im- 
practicable and undesirable? 


Which of these proposals are most in line with the spirit and 
teaching of Jesus? Which of these are contrary to His spirit? 


Summarize the chief differences of opinion or conflicting points 
of view on this issue? Which of these are differences as to fact, as 
to what is true or is likely to happen as the result of the proposed 
forms of action? Which of these are differences of opinion as to 
what is desirable? 


What further evidence either as to fact or as to opinion do 
we need? 


The last questions were included to open the way for the solu- 
tion of the problems in the second session by sending students away 


a 


DISCUSSION GROUPS—PROGRAM 229 


alert for evidence from the platform addresses and from personal 
and group interviews. 

The seven major questions were in most of the groups placed 
on the blackboard. Students were asked to add to this list and to 
indicate which problem they felt should be given first consideration 
and which second, and why. This resulted in stimulating the stu- 
dents to think over the range of questions, to analyze possibilities, 
and to decide in the light of some evidence as to the relative impor- 
tance of various questions. At the close of the first discussion it was 
evident that the problems of race and war would have chief consid- 
eration by the students. The race question was represented in the 
convention itself in the mingling of white and black, Oriental and 
Occidental, North and South, on a basis of equality and frankness, so 
that the cosmopolitan character of each of the groups emphasized this 
issue. The war question was brought to the fore by the convictions 
of those who were opposed to war, and compulsory military training 
in many of the colleges gave immediate point to the discussions. 
Quakers and others holding the pacifist position and R.O.T.C. officers 
were found in certain groups together. The seven major questions 
suggested by the leaders and some of the others introduced by stu- 
dents in the opening discussion and considered as possible principal 
questions for discussion were the following: 


Should Negroes, Jews and those of other races be admitted on a basis of 
equality into classroom; dormitories; athletic teams; eating places; social 
affairs; fraternities? 


What should students do now about war? In case another war comes, should 
a student refuse to take part? 


What measures of force are justifiable in suppressing crime and immorality, 
in overthrowing opposing or dangerous beliefs, in inter-class, inter-religious 
or inter-race struggles? How about going to the length of terrorizing meas- 
ures such as hazing, lynching, etc. ? 


Can a Christian conscientiously engage in any life work on a profit basis? 
Without the incentive of competition for money, position or renown, can we 
count on the work of the world being effectively done? 


Are we justified in imposing, directly or indirectly, western civilization or 
western Christianity on other peoples? 


What part, if any, should students take in industrial conflicts? 
What is the student’s share in economic problems? 
What part should America take in European conflicts? 


How can we interest the average college student in world problems? . 


230 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


What part, if any, should a student take in international affairs? 
Should a student have political notions? 


What about law enforcement among students? What attitude should students 
take on prohibition and law enforcement? 


What attitude shall students take on evolution and the conflict between science 
and religion? 


Is it essential that we believe in the virgin birth of Christ and the infallibility 
of the Bible? 


In what social pleasures should a Christian participate? Do amusements tear 
down what the church tries to build up? 


Shall a student take part in athletics if he feels they are corrupt? 
How can democracy be secured on the campus? 


How can we make the campus more Christian and secure Christian control 
of student activities? 


How can we cultivate the moral and religious life of medical and other pro- 
fessional school students? 


Should chapel and church be compulsory? 

What can be done to strengthen religious work on the campus? 
What should be students’ attitude toward the missionary enterprise? 
What attitude should students take toward the church? 


What should be the students’ relation to the conservative element in the home 
church? 


What about eugenics, birth control, double standards? 


What shall we do about the lack of information, carelessness and indifference 
and the lack of consecration on the part of students? 


Should students be organized into a student movement in order to have a 
clear, coherent voice in world issues or should the present student organizations 
cooperate in the great issues facing this generation? 


Is there a place for the Christian Association in a college? 


Is the Student Volunteer Movement or any other organization a dividing 
element in our common fellowship? 


Shall we consider an amalgamation of the present student organizations for 
more united action of students in furthering the kingdom of God? 


Have we a basis that will make us as students stick together, and get results 
in united action? 


Have we a Youth Movement in America and do we need one? 


DISCUSSION GROUPS—-PROGRAM 231 


After the first discussion, the leaders met again to plan for the 
second session of the groups. In the light of the issues which had 
emerged, and again so far as the limitations of the convention would 
permit, consideration was given to fact and opinion material neces- 
sary for the discussions, and plans were made so that students would 
have the opportunity to examine evidence, compare points of view and 
come to their own conclusions. 

The opening of the second meeting was given to deciding just 
what the students wished further to discuss. First a summary of 
agreements and disagreements was made. In many of the groups 
the discussion of the first session was then concluded, a second issue 
was opened, and tentative conclusions were reached. 

The following indicate somewhat the character and sequence of 
the questions used in the second session in reaching conclusions and 
in planning for action. 


What new evidence, either as to fact and opinion, has been 
gained? What weight should be given to this evidence? Why? 
Where do we still lack adequate data? Is it available? 


On what grounds is each conflicting point of view supported 
or opposed? How can these conflicting points of view be modified 
or integrated? 


Summarize that on which we agree unitedly, that on which there 
are still differences of conviction, and state the chief points of view 


held. 


Where and how may students take hold in carrying out their 
conclusions? What definite suggestions or proposals are there as 
to what we as students are going to do? 


At the close of the second discussion session, leaders and student 
representatives from the groups met to gather up the conclusions, to 
summarize the definite proposals, to plan the open student meeting 
and to select students who would present various points of view. 
Since there had been only four hours in the total convention for the 
discussions, the results were limited by the time which had been 
allowed. There was in general both surprise and gratification that 
the groups should have gone at the problems so earnestly and frankly, 
and that they should have done as much work as they did in so short 
a time. Conclusions were recognized as tentative and as the basis 


232 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


for further discussion when the students should return to their 
colleges. 


THE SPIRIT OF THE DISCUSSION GROUPS 


Something of the spirit which characterized these groups is indi- 
cated by the following excerpts from the reports of the discussion 
group leaders: 


“There was marked evidence that many members of the group came a 
long way in their thinking. Some had new attitudes as a result.” 


“At the end of the second discussion [a delegate] asked to say a word 
—told them he had come to the first discussion with very set opinions on the 
race question but that he had come to see it in a very different light, as a 
bigger problem than he had thought, and one that the white students from 
his part of the country had to face if they were going to be real Christians. 
It was tremendously effective.” 


“In spite of the strongly differing points of view on the part of some 
members there was little that savored in any way of personal friction.” 


“The change that came over the group by the time of the second meeting 
was convincing evidence of the power of fellowship, of the mellowing influence 
of discussion and of the spirit of the Convention in general.” . 


“The very evident attempt at getting the other’s viewpoint and weighing 
all possible evidence, much willingness to recognize the worth of others’ view- — 
points, no fear in going all of the way, no flag-flapping, no harsh words or 
feelings, splendid group thinking, not a lot of enthusiasms for personal action.” 


“An outstanding feature of the group was the challenge near the begin- 
ning of the discussion by a Filipino, that Americans should dare to live this 
brotherhood which their churches talk about. ... At the close a fine spirited 
southerner who had called the Negroes inferior and yet equal with us in the 
sight of God, came up and shook hands with his principal northern antagonist.” - 


“The students entered into the discussion in a very fair and friendly 
spirit, the white and the colored races each giving their sides of the question 
... the Negroes put their case very frankly.” 


“I think they took away with them the ideals of brotherhood, and a per- 
sonal responsibility toward the big issues of the day.” : 


“The statement was voiced by several that they didn’t know enough about 
the things they were talking about, and that they were certainly going to 
find out some facts on the various subjects that they were discussing.” 


“The speeches of the convention and the outside meetings had aroused 
some interest. People wanted to talk and think together. Much tolerance, real 
search for truth marked the discussion.” 


DISCUSSION GROUPS—RACE QUESTION 233 


“The willingness of students to face their own guilt struck me as quite 
remarkable.” 


“During one of these pauses when the group seemed to be thinking about 
Jesus’ way of dealing with enemies and whether war could be included in it, 
the leader noticed many heads bow, at least a dozen handkerchiefs come out, 
and gulping and red eyes everywhere through the group. He himself was 
conscious of physical thrills running up and down his backbone. He noticed 
that three men who started in by making reservations to every extreme view 
stated, ended by voting with the group who agreed not to participate directly 
in any war after the following day, January 1, 1924.” 


CONCLUSIONS AND PROPOSALS 


The actual conclusions and proposals on race and war as re- 
corded and reported by representatives of forty-one out of the forty- 
nine groups are included in the statements which follow. This brief 
survey is interesting as giving a sort of composite view of most of 
the discussion groups. Each statement is from a single group, some- 

times a unanimous, sometimes a majority, sometimes a minority opin- 
ion. Something of the conviction of the students is indicated by the 
recurrence of the same points of emphasis in different forms. So 
far as it was possible to determine unanimous or major viewpoints 
reached in a number of groups, these were reported in the general 
student meeting on Tuesday morning and are found in the steno- 


graphic report of that meeting which follows immediately after this 
chapter. 


THE RACE QUESTION 


ATTITUDES ON RACE QUESTION 


“We as a group reached a conclusion that the solution of the race 
problem rests on a spirit of sympathy, fellowship and love, treating 
every person as an absolute equal, regardless of race.” 

“Unanimous for recognition of complete equality.” 

“Admit people of all races into all aspects of life: dormitories, 
. societies (scholastic), athletics, fraternities and sororities, churches, 
Christian Associations.” 

“Single moral standard for all races.” 

“Moved that as students trying to follow Christ we should treat 
Negroes, Jews and foreigners on a basis of equality, admitting them 
to equal privileges economically, educationally, socially, and religiously.” 

“Our Group agreed on absolute racial equality (except for inter- 





234 


CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


marriage immediately), backing this decision by complete consecration 
to our ideal, based on accurate information, study, interracial con- 
ferences, and exchange students.” 


THE QUESTION OF RACE SUPERIORITY 


“We will refuse to accept without overwhelming proof the supe- 
riority of the white race. (Scientists believe that brain capacity is 
similar.)” 

“Inferiority not proved; personal contact in spirit of love will 
overcome the spirit of superiority and inferiority.” 

“Agreed races intellectually equal.” 

“Agreed that belief in race superiority is false and is opposed to 
the Christian principle of the sacredness of personality. The belief 
in race superiority disappears when equal opportunity for intellectual 
and spiritual development is assured.” 

“Each race has a unique contribution to make.” 

“We intend to do our best to promote the universal recognition 
of the equal rights of all peoples, and receive the contribution that 
each race can give to the world.” 

“Found race domination unchristian.” 

“Agreed that our associations with others should be based on 
the principle that above all nations is Humanity.” 

“Since we believe in racial differences and not in racial inequality: 
Be it resolved that we individually and sincerely strive to feel within 
our own selves what is the attitude of Jesus Christ as to race prob- 
lems and courageously attempt to walk and live in that attitude.” 

“Whereas, we believe that race discrimination is not in accord 
with the spirit and teachings of Christ, we resolve to dedicate our- 
selves to its eradication. (Definite suggestions followed.)” 


OPPORTUNITIES FOR RACIAL DEVELOPMENT 


“Suggestions of majority: Equality in education.” 

“The races should have equality of opportunity to develop in- 
tellectually, economically and spiritually.” 

“We as a group believe that the best means of arriving at a 
Christian Fellowship whatever the race may be, is at the present 
time parallel development; tending everywhere, according to the degree 
of progress made in overcoming antipathy and prejudice, toward a 
social brotherhood.” b 

“Parallel opportunity for education and economic advancement 
was the unanimous opinion; education of both white and colored race 
to a position of understanding each other was majority opinion.” 

“In the race question, which took four-fifths of the time, we 
finally reached the point where Southern delegates said they abso- 
lutely believed in parallel education and did not have the problem 
as it is in colleges and universities in the rest of the country.” 

“Majority: all races in school together; minority: parallel 
schools.” 


DISCUSSION GROUPS—-RACE QUESTION 


“That group go on record as favoring segregation, cooperation 
and equal educational opportunities.” 

“That there should be equality within the colleges except that 
in matters of social life the races need not be mixed. Social life, such 
as fraternity life, is a personal and individual matter.” 

“One section: In fraternities treat men as men; opposing view- 
point: lawful but not expedient.” 

“The rest continued the discussion, believing identity had mutual 
benefits, and we should study and work together, having athletics, 
meals and dormity life together, but more imtimate social life such as 
dancing, leading to intermarriage had better not be. Scientific data 
too limited to give conviction about results of intermarriage. A 
few strong for intermarriage.” 

“Social equality does not necessitate personal intimacy, but a right 
to enjoy indiscriminately the rights of American citizenship.” 

“Agreed on the following points—That intermarriage is not the 
important part of the race question; That we are opposed to inter- 
marriage as a general rule but that it is a purely personal matter 
and can take care of itself.” 

“Unanimous sentiment: Racial equality, not meaning necessarily 
intermarriage.” 

“Majority (large) opinion: That we regard intermarriage as 
inexpedient but the primary thing is giving every class of men no 
matter what race or color the same opportunity for advancement, 
and if intermarriage results, let it come.” 

“The question of the consequences of intermarriage is one on 
which we do not have enough biological and anthropological informa- 
tion to discuss it intelligently.” 


BASIS OF RACIAL DISCRIMINATION 


“Unanimous agreement; recognition of sacredness of individu- 
ality, that it wasn’t a matter of dealing with races, but with in- 
dividuals.” 

“Respect for personality regardless of race.” 

“Value of the personality of any race is equal.” 

“Agreed that character is the basis of discrimination, not color.” 

“Agreed whatever distinctions are drawn should be drawn com- 
paratively by all races concerned. Distinctions should be on the basis 
of the individual as such, not on racial lines.” 


PERSONAL ACTION ON RACE ISSUE 


“We students must be living at all times the principles of racial 
equality and whenever the issue appears take definite stand; re- 
garding foreign students in general unanimously decided we should 
create the atmosphere in which foreign students can take the initiative 
in forming international friendships. Genial good nature needed on 
both sides.” 

“Be living examples of race equality whenever issue appears.” 

“Resolved to cast aside our own personal racial prejudices, extend 


235 


236 


CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


the hand of friendship to all; and to do all in our power to educate 
others to this point of view.” “All those at the conference go back 
to their respective campuses with a purpose to use Christian prin- 
ciples in our relations with others, regardless of race.” 

“Individual responsibility (defined as meaning ‘the courage to 
apply democracy’ ).” 

“The fostering of friendliness on the campus. Every oppor- 
tunity to become friends.” 

“Application of Christianity and the Golden Rule in a prabsient 
way (colored people are also human beings).” 

“An endeavor to learn to know colored people aeons on a 
basis of real friendship.” 

“Be openly as concerned about Negroes’ welfare as any other 
man’s.” 

“Show by our ponyer son and attitudes we do not feel our- 
selves a superior race.’ 

“We feel that the development of sympathetic and friendly con- 
tacts with other races is absolutely necessary in the solution of the 
problem.” 

“Have friends among the people of all races and nations pos- 
sible.” “Cultivate personal friendships between races.” 

“Individual interest in other races. Become acquainted with as 
many as possible.” 

“Closer personal friendships.” 

“Friends and family to give money.” 

“College life dormitories, societies, frats, athletics, churches.” 

“Convert family.” 


INTERRACIAL EXAMINATION OF MUTUAL PROBLEMS 


“Recognize rather than ignore the problem.” 

“Become acquainted with problems of the other races.” 

“Real thinking as to whether reason for prejudice is justified.” 

“Arousing student interest and study (a) discussion groups, 
(b) forums.” 

“That different racial groups should meet together regularly for 
discussion and earnest consideration, calling in broad-minded faculty 
members and others who may be able to throw light on the problem 
through helpful and necessary facts in the case.” 

“Campaign of education through discussion groups, forums.” 

“Encourage discussion groups on topics relative to this question.” 

“This group should take back to the campus the discussion of the 
race question and introduce on the campus people who can aid the 
discussion and bring points of which the campus is ignorant.” 

“Urge college groups inform themselves on this through speak- 
ers, literature, etc.” 

“Study the problem; discussion groups on campus; interracial 
councils,” 

“Cooperation between races.” 

“Interracial discussion and study groups.” 

“Resolved that I will do what I can to form a group (of various 





DISCUSSION GROUPS—RACE QUESTION 


races) for the purpose of mutual analysis and confession (followed 
by spontaneous prayer) to solve this race issue in the spirit of Jesus.” 

“Work for and on interracial commissions for the study of prob- 
lems.” 

“Interracial commissions in North, East, South, West.” 

“Formation of interracial committees serving on campuses as 
well as in communities.” 

“Measures to solve the Problem—(1) Get facts from experts; 
(2) make friends; (3) Interracial commissions.” 

“Race study groups to learn other man’s point of view.” 

‘ “Organize a Cosmopolitan Club for fellowship and study.” 

“Interracial commissions (1) community, (2) intercollegiate, 
(3) collegiate.” 

“Groups of various races with analysis and confession followed 
by spontaneous prayer in spirit of Jesus.” 

“Formation of international or cosmopolitan clubs on campuses.” 

“Interracial Commissions on campuses all over country.” 

“Get in touch with your Interracial Commission.” 

“Faculty discussion groups.” 

“Meet together at meals to discuss.” 

“Jews—Much of Jewish prejudice is unfounded, artificial, imag- 
inary. Friendship and a frank attempt to agree on moral and religious 
questions by method of discussion groups should be made. Recognition 
of, rather than jealousy of, their ability needed.” 

“Education; understanding through contacts; Cosmopolitan 
Clubs.” | 

“Working together for some great cause.” 


THE CREATION OF PUBLIC OPINION ON RACE QUESTION 


“Education for Negroes.” 

“Christian education for the Negro.” 

“Aid in education of all.” 

“Eliminate superiority complex in primary schools.” 

“Some sort of course carried out in grade high school and college 
promoting good will.” 

“Additional curriculum—history.” 

“An endeavor to appreciate the Negro more through acquaintance 
with his progress in arts and sciences.” 

“Exchange professorships.” 

“Bring in leaders of other races.” 

“Bringing up the present generation without prejudice.” 

“Newspaper for achievements of colored race.” 

“Journalism to change press of the country.” 

“Christian journalism—both in college and out.” 


MEASURES TO SECURE JUSTICE 


“Opposition to organizations for purpose of promoting attitude 
of supremacy.” 


“Oppose organizations working toacitd attitude race superiority.” 


238 


CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


“Condemn all organizations that tend to promote ill feeling.” 

“Work and talk vs the Ku Klux Klan.” 

“Abolishment of mob rule and lynching as these things cause 
hatred.” Propose following resolution: ‘Realizing that all mob vio- 
lence is a denial of the Christian principle and practice of Christian 
Brotherhood, we hereby declare ourselves as favoring and supporting 
Federal anti-lynching legislation.” 

“Try to secure justice before the courts.” 

“Abolishment of peonage and involuntary servitude.” 

“Fair return on taxes by Negroes, e.g., Negroes have to pay usual 
school taxes though their schools are of a very inferior grade.” . 

“The doing away with closed unions so that the Negroes may 
have a chance to work on a fair basis.” 

“Political freedom in the south where colored people have no 
real voice in the government.” 


A FINAL EMPHASIS 


“We propose that men and women on our campuses be brought 
into a more personal knowledge of, and closer fellowship with the 
mind and personality of the living Christ in his attitude on the 
question.” 

“That groups of Christian students should meet together regu- 
larly for counsel and prayer, thus centralizing the Christian forces 
on the campus. That we must be increasingly ingenious in discover- 
ing ways in which every race may be brought to take the attitude of 
Jesus towards all men.” 

“Discussion groups, chapel, lectures, social service, working to- 
gether of different races.” 


THE WAR QUESTION 
GENERAL ATTITUDES ON WAR 


“Unanimous: War is a beastly bad thing. All but 1 voted: 
War is antagonistic to the spirit and method and teaching of Christ.” 
“However wars in the past may have seemed to achieve worthy 
ends; we are convinced from the evidence of the World War, that 
henceforth war as a method would be suicidal to the continuance of 
civilization, and that it is a denial of the teachings and spirit of Jesus.” 
“Main conclusion: Aggressive war is wrong always.” 
“Unanimous feeling that war is bad. Unanimous belief that we 
should strive toward a program for doing away with war. No agree- 
ment on method, and the group refused to express themselves on 
pacificism.” : 
“Unanimous: War undesirable from practically every point of 
view. War not justifiable if there is a better way or moral equivalent. 
World order in which this better way may be possible can be built.” 





DISCUSSION GROUPS—WAR QUESTION 


“War is, first, wrong in present world situation and for the fu- 
ture; second, unconstructive because it does not contribute to the ac- 
complishment of its so-called objectives such as democracy or ending 
war; third, anti-Christlike; fourth, wasteful of human and economic 
values; fifth, demoralizing personally and socially.” 

“Tdeally we abhor war. It is harmful in the long run.” 

“Majority agreed that war is un-Christian although occasions 
might arise when participation in war is a duty before God to human- 
ity, such participation to be only in defense, not in a spirit of ag- 
gressiveness.” 

“War is wrong.” 

“Unanimous: War should be eliminated.” 

“Condemn war by all possible attitudes.” 

“Unanimously agreed that war should be done away with and that 
some form of international cooperation should supplant misunder- 
standing.” 

“All but five believed every means should be used to prevent 
war.” “Unanimous conclusion: We should take an immediate and 
positive stand for prevention of war.” 

“Convention go on record as actively opposed to war.” 

“Since we do not believe war to be Christian, we will do all we 
can to prevent future wars.” 

“Unanimous in favor: We decry war as a means of settling in- 
ternational disputes. No vote, but no dissent expressed.” 

“That the group go on record as being opposed to war and in 
favor of a policy of education to bring about use of instruments of 
peace that will lead eventually to a pledge not to war.” 


PROPOSALS FOR INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION 


“A majority expressed themselves for arbitration in settlement 
of all questions as far as possible; but when arbitration failed war 
should be supported. This attitude was to be a means to attaining 
the end of unconditioned peace.” 

“Outlawry of war.” 

“Compulsory judicial settlement of international disputes.” 

“Supporting resolution to outlaw war.” 

“Petition congressmen to outlaw war.” 

“That we should outlaw war legally.” 

“Legal means of ending war and settling disputes.” 

“Strengthening organs, official and unofficial, for international 
justice (all agreed to support as first step the League, the Interna- 
tional Court by learning what it is, by raising public opinion, by making 
it a national moral issue).” 

“We need some machinery of international justice.” 

“Some organization of international justice is needed.” 

“Some agency for international justice—in the nature of a world 
court of some kind.” 

“That we should establish and strengthen agencies of justice. 
That we should join the world Court of International Justice and the 
League of Nations.” 


239 


240 


CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


“Practically unanimous: I will do what I can to get America 
to back a world court, whose impartial decrees will be backed by an 
impartial international police force.” 

“A very large majority in favor of World Court.” 

“Support measures for International Court—League of Nations.” 

“Endorsement of World Court.” 
“Creation of Court of Justice with police force. League of Na- 
tions.” 

“Continue along lines of the Washington Armaments conference 
until complete disarmament has been obtained, with an accompanying 
good-will and confidence and cooperation, which can be obtained in 
part by the example of the United States.” 

“A large majority for League of Nations or World Court.” 

“World Court or League.” 

“World Court, League of Nations, etc., but would fight if nec- 
essary.” 

“Resolved, that the students should do all in their power to 
further the interests of the League of Nations in this country to the 
end that this nation should join the present League of Nations.” 

“Support National League of Women Voters.” 

“Letters of peace tone to Congressmen.” 

“Christian Missions to all the World.” 

“Spread spirit of Christ through education and evangelism to 
all nations.” 

“Group and private prayer.” 

“Christianization of world prerequisite.” | 

“Unanimous conclusions: Better to prevent things that cause 
war than to cure by war. Better for us to try to prevent war than 
to decide what our action would be in case of war. Better to settle 
disputes through arbitration.” 


ATTITUDES TOWARD PARTICIPATION IN WAR 


“Refusing to support non-participation should war come.” 

“Majority opinion: against absolutist stand.” 

“Proposal for action: Practice non-resistant program.” 

“Believing that Jesus Christ was wholly right in His teaching of 
non-resistance, and believing in the power of His principle of love, 
nine in the group voted for the following: the students of America 
pledge themselves to refuse henceforth to aid in the prosecution of 
war either directly or indirectly and apply His principle of love un- 
reservedly.” 

“Eighteen agreed never to participate in another war; twenty- 
one opposed this stand; the rest of the group thought they didn’t have 
enough data or had not thought through far enough to vote on such 


‘a definite stand.” 


REMOVING THE CAUSES OF WAR 


“Majority: Study causes leading to war.” 
“We feel that we should try to understand why wars are fought 
and deal with these causes.” 





DISCUSSION GROUPS—-WAR QUESTION 


“Causes of war should be studied.” 

“Educational—study and conviction on causes, this to be started 
by Discussion Groups and Forums.” 

“Attack war by seeking to understand its causes.” 

“Seek causes of war and remove them.” 

“Tt was unanimously agreed that we should do all possible 
to remove the causes of war, both social and personal, but should 
not be absolute pacifists.”’ 

“Agreed we should do everything possible to do away with the 
causes of war.” 

“We must understand the causes of war, especially the economic 
motives involved.” 

_ “Study economic causes of war. Removal of acquisitive motive 
and substitution of social and human motives.” 

“Rid the world of the evil economic system which leads to war.” 

“",. and convinced that we must strive to remove causes of 
conflict such as competitive armaments, economic exploitation of weaker 
countries, secret diplomatic and selfish nationalism, and that we must 
substitute processes of reason and justice by international action in 
place of violence, we do commit ourselves to the achievement of these 
ends.” 

“It was brought out that no one has the right to refuse to take 
part in the next war unless he does all in his power to prevent war 
now. We should try to understand the causes of war and then try 
to prevent them. One cause of war is the propaganda and untruths 
spread by the press, and a number of examples were given. We 
should take some definite action for, until we do, nothing will be done 
against it.” 

“Christianize the economic order.” 

“We believe war to be fundamentally un-Christian and advocate 
an aggressive educational program that will strike at the causes of 
war by eliminating race prejudice and by social and economic adjust- 
ments based on the teachings of Jesus Christ.” 


CREATION OF PUBLIC OPINION ON WAR 


“As people holding: public offices, politicians, business men and 
women, and newspaper men and women, we will try to mould public 
opinion against war, and for permanent world peace.” 

“Education of public opinion away from selfish nationalism.” 

“Enlist the Press.” 

“Elimination of newspaper propaganda.” 

“Work for the truth from Press and Pulpit.” 

“Support truthful press.” 

“Formation of International opinion.” 

“Creation of International public opinion.” 


THE ATTITUDE OF EDUCATION ON WAR 


“Rewrite history.” 
“Work for textbooks giving impartial view of history.” 


241 


242 


CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


“Refuse to teach history so that it glorifies war.” 

“Demand honest teaching on causes of war.” 

“Oppose glorification of war in textbooks.” 

“As teachers, both in secular and Sunday Schools, we will teach 
peace, understanding between nations and races, and diminish the em- 
phasis laid on wars and battles.” 

“Work for mutual understanding among peoples, by studying other 
people’s histories.” 

“As home-makers, we will teach and live peace, and not hold 
up to the younger generations the glories and honors of war.” 

“Work to abolish war by education.” ) 

“Putting up to the educational associations of the country the 
task of educating away from selfish nationalism as a part of their 
next year’s program.” 

“Majority solution—world opinion created by education.” 

“Need truly Christian education, world-wide, in public schools 
as truly as in church schools.” 

“Christian, world-wide education for peace.” 

“We agree: That a world wide Christian education is needed.” 


PROPOSALS FOR IMMEDIATE STUDENT ACTION 


“Unanimous conclusion that the students should go back to the 
campus and work to remove hate, fear, prejudice, and racial distinction 
and come to fellowship of mind and help build the Kingdom of God 
with Christ.” 

“Majority opinion: Need for individual living out of Christian 
tolerance and active Good Will. We need a common Christian fellow- 
ship in thinking.” 

“Students should do all that they can by study to find a con- 
structive solution for problems of international affairs. We do not 
have enough facts for judgment.” 

“Action to take back home: complete consecration to our ideal 
based on accurate information and study of facts about war.” 

“Establish Forums of discussion.” 

“We as leaders will go back to our campuses and try to create 
public opinion there against war—through discussion groups and col- 
lege papers.” 

“Campus publication propaganda.” 

“Create sentiment against war on and off campus.” 

“Discuss with our personal friends.” 

“On the war question, the group was determined that students 
should make themselves heard, but it was felt that some method not 
so dramatic as non-resistance might serve the purpose.” 

“Treat all foreigners in our schools, etc., as brothers.” 

“Student visitation.” 

“Student interest and activity in affairs of citizenship.” 

“Pair with some other college in some other nation to-refuse 
to take part in further war.” 

“We should join the European students who are taking their 
stand against war.” 


= 


4 
' 
‘ 





DISCUSSION GROUPS—WAR QUESTION 


“Exchange of professors and students.” 

“Voted that American students attend European student con- 
ferences to develop international understanding.” 

“The group agreed unanimously that war should be prevented 
by definite action for peace. It suggested that to this effect a reso- 
lution be placed for adoption before the student meeting of the Con- 
vention Tuesday morning something like this: Whereas it is our opin- 
ion that the establishment of closer international fellowship between 
students of all lands is urgently needed, be it resolved that our gov- 
ernment set aside money for exchanging students with other countries 
for the accomplishment of this purpose and in line with similar action 
taken by the Canadian Student Christian Movement and the Chinese 
National Government.” 

“Organization of student expression: (1) By national straw votes 
through existing organizations (Y.M., Y.W., etc.); (2) By estab- 
lishing new organizations with national student leadership.” 

“Make ourselves heard.” 

“Elevate R.O.T.C. to physical education, not military.” 

“Thirty-six students agreed to work for the elimination of 
military training in American colleges and schools, six of these com- 
ing from schools where R.O.T.C. is compulsory.” 

“Action against R.O.T.C.” 

“Work for the abolition of R.O.T.C. and other war-makers in 
college.” 


STUDENT FRIENDSHIP FUND 


“Unanimous: Student Friendship Fund should be back as a 
positive means of creating international good feeling among this student 
generation.” 

“Student Friendship Fund as expressing International Friend- 
ship.” 

“Construction program of friendship—Student Friendship Fund.” 

“Work for mutual understanding among peoples by furthering 
Student Friendship Fund; by assisting other peoples in catastrophes 
—Japanese earthquake.” 

“Sentiment of the meeting that the Student Friendship Fund 
should be supported by us and brought before the convention Tuesday 
morning.” 

“Specific method of attaining this end—Student Friendship Fund 
support.” 

“Majority for participation in Student Friendship.” 

“Majority suggestions for action: Student Friendship Fund.” 


243 


Q@ DMebotional Exercise 


NorMA DUNNING 


Woman’s Medical College, Philadelphia 


I would like to have you think of one word that Jesus said 
before Pilate as He stood before him in the judgment hall. He 
had proved by His life that no one could live better than He and 
that His was the only way. Pilate asked Him, “Art Thou the 
Christ?” And Jesus turned to him and said, “Sayest Thou this 
of thyself, or did another tell it Thee concerning me?” 

As we go home tonight let us think of the things that we 
have heard and ask ourselves, “Sayest Thou this of Thy 
Do we know it or did somebody just tell us?” 

Let us bow our heads in prayer. 

Our dear, Heavenly Father, may the words of our mouths 
and the meditations of our hearts be acceptable in Thy sight, 
for we know that only as we use our hands for Thee, our feet 
for Thee, our voice for Thee, canst Thou really speak. 

Bless us, we pray Thee, in Jesus’ name. Amen. 


STUDENT SESSION 


STUDENT ADDRESSES 


ErpMAN Harris 


Of Princeton University and Union Theological Seminary, Presiding 


CHAIRMAN Harris: At two of the sessions of this convention 
we have been engaged in a process of group thinking, in an attempt 
to find our way through some of the most difficult problems which 
confront us at the present time, on the basis of fact, opinion, ideal 
and conviction. 

This particular method in a convention as large as this is some- 
what of a new departure, an adventure, an experiment. When any 
one of us, as the result of experience and thought, arrives at a con- 
clusion on some matter of importance, the temptation is to defend 
that conclusion every time we are given the chance. It is with some 
difficulty that we maintain a spirit of sweet reasonableness in our 
discussion. We may find others ignorant of facts which we knew 
years ago. We may run up against all sorts of misrepresentations. 
We may find ourselves surrounded by those whose thinking is, we 
feel, muddy, inconclusive, unconvincing; and the temptation to be- 
come impatient and intolerant is very, very strong. 

Now the revelation that a real, genuine, loving, sympathetic spirit 
was achieved in group after group on Saturday morning and Mon- 
day afternoon is of great significance. According to actual reports 
of leaders, participants and outsiders present, real group thinking 
has been accomplished. An educational feat of considerable diffi- 
culty has been performed. In many cases it has been evident that 
points of view have been deliberately and definitely altered, that 
new vistas have been opened up, and that a real appreciation of what 

245 


246 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


the spirit of Jesus might mean if uncompromisingly applied to the 
major issues of life has been developed. 

In some groups the experience of the presence of the living 
God Himself has been so keen and vibrant as to make us feel and 
understand His definite cooperation with us, in facing these tremen- 
dous issues, 

It is sincerely hoped that the method of social thinking which 
we have enjoyed will be taken back by us to our campuses. There 
are four excellent discussion courses prepared on the specific issues 
we have been facing here, which can be secured through any of the 
Christian organizations represented at this Convention. These con- 
tain bibliographies for those who are interested in examining authori- 
tative sources. 

There were forty-nine discussion groups conducted, each meeting 
for two sessions. In forty-one out of forty-nine the question of 
racial relationships was taken up in some detail. In thirty-five out 
of forty-nine the subject of war was discussed. In many both of 
these subjects were thrashed out. In eleven the problem of whether 
or not we have any right to impose our western civilization and 
Christianity upon foreign peoples was taken up. 

By agreement on the part of all groups, it was decided that: at 
this open session the first two prominent problems should be pre- 
sented by students, popularly nominated and elected. The purpose 
of this meeting is not to discuss these issues further, but to attempt 
to summarize the points of view already presented in the majority 
of discussion groups. 

We realize that this can be done only in substance, not in de- 
tail. Due to the difficulties of hearing what each has to say, and 
the impossibility of avoiding confusion in a gathering as large as 
this, speaking from the floor seems inadvisable. The program has 
been arranged as carefully as possible, to present a cross section 
of the attitude of the entire Convention. I might add that every 
viewpoint of major importance on race and war will be presented — 
this morning,—absolutely every viewpoint of major importance. 

We may be tempted to think that this is an anti-feminist dem- 
onstration, as no women are to speak. Half of these discussion 
groups were led by them, and it seems a shame that they aren’t going 
to speak from this platform this morning. However, the one and 
only reason that we did not include them in the program was be- 
cause, from the nominees given to us, it was very difficult to find 
any one whose voice could be heard in all parts of this auditorium. 

The issues on the race question which have emerged in the 


OPEN SESSION—-RACE RELATIONS 247 


group discussions, and have been reported by chosen representatives 
from all these groups, were mainly these: What racial distinctions, 
if any, should be drawn? What is the meaning of the term “racial 
equality’? Can we let the fear of race fusion by marriage stand 
in the way of race equality? Is the tendency to race segregation 
Christian? Is parallel development a possible solution? How much 
is economics at the basis of some of our race feeling? 

It is interesting to note that votes were taken on some of these 
issues. Nine of the groups were unanimously in favor of no racial 
distinction at all. Eight additional groups voted, and a majority 
came to the conclusion that there should be no racial distinctions at 
all. Four of the groups were unanimous in favor of no racial dis- 
tinctions, so long as that did not involve inter-marriage. Three 
additional groups had a majority vote that way—that is, that no 
racial distinction should be made unless it involved inter-marriage, 
and two of the groups (and this is an interesting point), were 
unanimously in favor of no distinctions unless those distinctions 
were mutually decided upon by the races involved. 

We shall now hear from four students who will speak for five 
minutes each on various attitudes on this question. These points 
of view are not of course exhaustive or officially representative, but 
they are felt to be more or less typical of the attitudes which emerged 
in the discussion groups. 

We shall first hear from Leonard S. Cottrell, Jr., of the Virginia 
Polytechnic Institute. 

Mr. CotTrELL: I suppose I am at once labeled as a Southerner. 
In beginning may I say that in talking on this very question with a 
good old Southern lady some months ago, she made this statement : 
“You young folks think we old folks are fools. We old folks know 
you young folks are fools.” 

However, fellow students, I think you will agree that I have a 
difficult task in five minutes to represent several, or many, I might 
say, conflicting viewpoints of a serious issue. 

In the South today relatively few people stand for any abso- 
lute subjugation of any one group of people. May I in the beginning 
say that I believe a great majority of both blacks and whites today 
stand for absolute justice, fair and honorable dealing each with 
the other. 

In the first place, I believe that the majority of our black 
brothers want justice under our laws, they want fair play in our 
courts, they want a chance, a fair and equal chance for development 
educationally and in the economic realm. They feel that it is unjust 


248 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


to put any limitations upon the development of any group on account 
of color. I believe as firmly that a vast majority of the whites in 
the South really deep down in their hearts desire for their black 
brothers fair, honorable and just dealing, and they are willing to pay 
a price, if a price is required, to see that fair play is the order of 
the day. 

May I say, too, that in spite of opinions to the contrary,: there 
are several very significant movements on a constructive basis in the 
South that are attempting now to solve this very difficult problem 
of relationship. In the first place, I mention that great Inter-racial 
Commission with its wonderful work which started, you remember, 
in 1919, when race riots were sweeping across the whole nation. 
The leading men of both races of the South met in Atlanta to attempt 
to find some way by which a better relationship between races could 
be established, and in which friction could be eliminated. Today 
that Inter-racial Commission is working in a great many communi- 
ties of the South, bringing together the whites and the blacks in 
whom confidence is reposed by the community, to discuss the points 
of friction, to find out the points on which people have grievances 
and attempt in a fair and just way to settle these problems. 

I think a great deal of honor is due to that Commission be- 
cause of the fact that it not only represents fair-minded men but it 
represents men who are definitely by an act of will attempting to 
Overcome a great mass of inherited prejudices in themselves and 
their fellows. 

May I say, also, that in addition to this work of the Inter-racial | 
Commission, the students of the South are attempting in a fine way 
to discuss these things among themselves and between the races so 
that they may reach a fairer understanding of the problem, may know 
the facts better, and may better appreciate each other’s viewpoint. 
Individuals like Dr. Weatherford and Dr. Alexander are making 
notable contributions by their research work in this very problem. 

The group of which I happen to be a member came to the con- 
clusion that no discrimination ought to be made on the basis of color 
necessarily, that each race ought to have a fair and absolutely equal 
opportunity for its development, that if a race is to give its greatest 
contribution to the great family of races its own individuality should 
be preserved. We ask that our fellow students shall go back to their 
colleges and see that a fair and just attitude is maintained, and that 
each race has every opportunity to make the best contribution it may 
have to give to the great family of races and to the Kingdom of God. 


OPEN SESSION——RACE RELATIONS 249 


CHAIRMAN Harris: The next speaker will be Mr. F. Eugene 
Corbie of the College of the City of New York. 

Mr. Corse: Mr. Chairman and Fellow Students: The last 
speaker has practically taken away from me all that I intended to 
say. Nevertheless, I shall try to be a little more fundamental and 
attempt to go into the psychology of the things that make for dis- 
crimination, so that you may have something to work upon. If psy- 
chology is anything, discrimination is bad, because it makes for dif- 
ferences which must manifest themselves sooner or later. 

Moreover, the thing that you call culture is not something that 
can be picked up on the streets. All that makes for your civilization 
is something that you have got by contact. If you as a superior race, 
so called, having all the things that make for your culture, attempt 
to adjudge me because of my poor standards, and at the same time 
you keep me in an environment that makes for crime and debase- 
ment, I say you are not logically clear when you talk of my in- 
feriority. 

So when we ask you to stop discrimination and give us the 
right to come to the fountain of life, yea into your very colleges 
where you get your best, so that we may assimilate of your best, we 
are asking only that we, too, be given the right to develop ourselves 
as manfully and as womanly as you, in order that in time we, too, 
may make a contribution to your glorious civilization. 

When we talk about equality we are not asking the right to 
marry a white woman, because we feel that no social legislature can 
dictate to one human being how this man or that woman shall de- 
termine her life, or who shall be his or her wife or husband. We 
feel that that is an individual contract which society itself regulates. 
Moreover, the psychology of setting up standards is bad. Sometimes 
I wonder where is that spirit of moral virtue which should permeate 
your soul. When I look back and see my race transformed from 
its blackness until today it is so hypothetically white, when I see 
there is very little inter-marriage among the races, and then when I 
hear the clamor for purity of race, 1 wonder where the white women 
are and what they are thinking of that double standard of morality 
which is set up by white men. 

On that count let me say that if you have due respect for your 
women, believe it, too, that we are human, and we love to respect our 
women. Respect yourself, sir, and I ask you out of common de- 
cency of mind, don’t make my household a house of debauchery. If 
you are going to say your white women must be pure, we want ours 


to be pure. 


250 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


Now when we ask that, what is the contribution which the black 
man has made that entitled him to a fair share of the rights of citi- 
zens? You have the gift of genius and you see your inventions 
manifesting themselves. Have you ever thought of the cotton seed 
as the gift of Africa? Did you think of that genius that today has 
been the nucleus of your very big economic life? Have you thought 
of the sacrifices in human flesh and labor that have enriched you so? 

And after all, is it not right that you give us the chance to be 
men and women? Think if you will of the fact that although you 
lashed us with the whip as we toiled for you, transplanted and trans- 
formed, we accepted your God, and when we hadn’t your reason to 
appeal to, we appealed to the Christ that you gave us. And then we 
sang the song of love. That is our contribution. We ask you to 
give us not the chance to be beggars, but the right to live. Give us 
the chance to be men and women, so that carrying on in the spirit 
of love eternal, we may be able to live here as one common people, 
associated, friendly, but by no means familiar ; that your contribution 
and my contribution shall stand out for emulation in time, so that 
when life with us shall be no more, the black race we represent will 
leave something for the coming black race, and race pride as such, 
without race hatred, will be a manifest thing for the good of the 
universe. 

CHAIRMAN Harris: The next speaker will be Mr. Robert A. 
Mallory of Cornell University and Auburn Theological Seminary. 

Mr. Mattory: Mr. Chairman and Fellow Students: I am 
reminded through all this discussion on the race problem of those 
two British Tommies who were in a shell hole in France with the 
shells bursting around them on every side. One of them became 
disgusted, and to him the other said, “Well, if you know of a better 
hole, go to it.” 

We are in this problem, this great, deep, broad problem of the 
race question, and I know that we cannot evade it. If any of you 
know how to evade it, go to it. The rest of us have got to stay 
and face it. 

It is a hard task which we have before us, one which challenges 
every bit of energy and sympathy we possess. We are not convinced 
“God’s in His heaven, all’s right with the world.” We are convinced 
rather that mankind by his stupidity and hardness of heart has 
brought our struggling civilization into a most miserable mess, and 
God is here present among humanity, striving his hardest to straighten 
it all out. 

There is in the Declaration of Independence the assertion that 


OPEN SESSION——RACE RELATIONS 251 


all men are created equal, and are endowed by their Creator with 
certain inalienable rights, among which are life, liberty and the 
pursuit of happiness. 

It reads that all mankind is endowed, not merely those of us 
who consider ourselves members of the white race, but that all man- 
kind is endowed with these great gifts. 

In our civilization of today we cannot say that we offer an equal 
opportunity to every person to enjoy these gifts. We do not offer 
to all an opportunity to benefit by these gifts. We do not offer to 
all the great opportunity to serve their fellow men which they should 
enjoy. We discriminate against many people because they are not 
of the same color as we are, because they are not of the same race 
as we are, because they do not hold the same creed which we hold. 
We discriminate against them on some other basis than the pure 
basis of character, which is the only standard which Jesus Christ 
would use. 

Every one of us can go back to the days of our earliest child- 
hood and remember that there was a time in our lives, when we did 
not care who it was who told us stories, who it was who rocked us 
upon his knee, as long as he was a person whose character appealed 
to us. 

And that is the challenge to us, which is thrown out by this 
great racial problem in the world today, namely, to stop discrimi- 
nating against our fellow men on other lines than the pure lines of 
character. 

We should not feel a sense of pity for these other races whom 
we consider inferior to us, but rather we should have a feeling of 
sincere shame for our conduct. It is a blinding, bitter shame how 
we have fallen away from the gospel of Jesus Christ, which we have 
enjoyed for two thousand years, and which we begin to see better 
understood and interpreted by races comparatively new to this great 
message. 

CHAIRMAN Harris: The last speaker on the race problem will 
be Mr. P. M. Blanko, of the Philippine Islands. 

Mr. Branko: Fellow Students: I do not know how I can 
stand before you and say anything more after the wonderful speech 
given by the man from the College of the City of New York. There 
are certain phases of the question that still lie untouched, however, 
and those I will endeavor to present. 

I take it that the main task of the world today is to bring about 
world peace. This is particularly a task for the Christian world to 
perform. 


252 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


If there is anything that stands in the way of the realization 
of the motto that this Convention has taken up as its slogan, “the 
Evangelization of the World in this Generation,” it is that the so- 
called inferior races have been looked down upon by the white people. 
Every self-respecting man who has contact with college life, and 
knows the scholastic records of his race can not but challenge 
this claim of superiority. I plead for equal treatment of all 
races without any qualifications whatsoever, because I see that this 
is the only way to evangelize the world. I do not believe that there 
is such a thing as innate superiority of races. Because of varied cir- 
cumstances and other factors, different races have their distinctive 
contributions to make to the welfare and progress of mankind. I 
do not believe that there should be any discrimination whatsoever 
between races, because such an attitude has a very great deterring 
influence on the progress of mankind, and is a big obstacle in the 
way of Christ’s kingdom. 

Friends, brothers and sisters, it is not enough to believe in ieee 
obvious facts, it is far more important that we preach them and 
advocate them by the conduct of our own lives. For after all, it is 
deeds that count and not words. This is the way to peace and hap- 
piness. Let this thought be made manifest by our conduct, be our 
heritage to the generations that are to come, and the Church of 
Christ shall live and we shall not have convened in vain. 

Being a native of the Philippines, I know more of that country, 
that land of sunshine, magnificent sunsets and enchanting moon- 
light. I shall, therefore, draw upon it for further material. I would 
suggest that those who contemplate going on their honeymoon for 
the first or second time can do very well by going to the Philippines, 
because I assure you you will enjoy it most out there. 

At this point I wish to digress for just a second and say that 
the oldest university under the American flag is the University at 
Manila. It is fully twenty-five years older than Harvard. We 
gauge the capacity of the people by the extent of enlightenment ex- 
isting among them. The percentage of illiteracy in the Philippines 
is thirty per cent as compared with fifty per cent for Argentina, 
fifty-five per cent for Bulgaria, fifty per cent for Spain, seventy 
per cent for Portugal, and so on. I am convinced that Filipinos and 
Americans have been drawn together by the guiding hands of Provi- 
dence to fulfil a great mission. 

For the past three centuries my country has witnessed the blend- 
ing of the races, brown, white and yellow. This has given to the 
world one of its greatest men, great because, in the first place, he was 


OPEN SESSION——-ABOLITION OF WAR 253 


-a man of God and because in the second place he was a man who 
worked for the reform and progress of his people, that we also might 
contribute our bit to the progress and welfare of mankind. 

CHAIRMAN Harris: The following definite proposals came 
out of the discussion groups, as to the way in which certain individuals 
and groups are going back to their campuses and follow specifically 
the principles they had agreed upon at this convention. 

These are only representative of many other proposals, which 
were made in the groups: eliminate the white superiority complex 
ingrained in primary schools; get together various races in groups 
on the campus for prayer, thought and fellowship together; bring 
in leaders of other races to speak and meet students; utilize every 
opportunity to become friends with members of other races, when- 
ever we meet them—this in some sections would involve visits to 
segregated areas; oppose organizations encouraging an attitude of 
racial superiority ; work through journalism in every possible way to 
change the attitude of the press across the country. The suggestion 
was also made that we begin tackling the problem by converting our 
own families. 

Work to break down discriminations due to race distinctions 
in dormitories, societies, athletics, fraternities, churches, and college 
life generally ; give money to support organizations which are work- 
ing for these ends; promote education; do all we can for the inclusion 
in the curriculum of courses in history which present a fairer and 
more Christian attitude than the ones now given; be living examples 
of Christ’s spirit in this matter whenever an issue appears; indulge 
in real thinking and study on the reasons for the present prejudiced 
attitude; right concrete racial wrongs and work together with those 
from other nations for the same great cause. 

It is interesting to note the representative character of the dis- 
cussions out of which these suggestions came. Twenty to ninety 
different students took part in every single group. That is to say 
that as it is averaged up, about half the delegates of this conference 
actually took part in the discussions. 

The speeches that you have just heard and the ones which you 
will hear now were prepared since twelve-thirty this morning. 

On the war question there was general agreement on a number 
of points, such as the following: that war is a beastly and horrible 
thing; that we should do all we can to remove its causes; that we 
should have an educational policy to bring about the use of instru- 
ments of peace; that we should cease to glorify war in our history 
books; that we should positively exert ourselves by all the ingenuity 


254 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


of love to eliminate attitudes which blossom forth into war; that we 
should establish and strengthen agencies of justice and outlaw war 
legally ; that we should do all in our power to Christianize the social 
order and the industrial system, realizing that predatory economic 
motives lie at the root of many military operations. 

In many groups a large majority was for the immediate joining 
of the League of Nations and the World Court. The majority in 
most groups doubted the wisdom of taking an absolute stand against 
war at the present time, but there was seemingly in practically every 
group an earnest, honest number who were opposed to participation 
in any military operations and had taken the complete pacifist stand. 

After the speeches on war, there will be an opportunity for us 
all to go on record as to where we stand on this question. The four 
speakers represent the four main possible attitudes which emerged 
from the discussions. These are as follows: . 

1. We believe that preparation for the emergency of war is 
the best way to avoid war, therefore we urge our nation so to 
prepare that any future war shall be brought to a speedy and 
righteous termination. 

2. We believe that war is un-Christian and should be abolished 
through a process of education, but that non-resistance is now im- 
practicable, and that occasion may arise wherein it is our duty to 
engage in war, after all means of prevention have failed. 

3. We believe that war is un-Christian and that the League of 
Nations is the best means of preventing it, but we should resort to 
war in case an unavoidable dispute had been referred to the League 
or World Court without successful settlement. 

4. We believe that henceforth war is an utter denial of Jesus’ 
way of life, ineffective as a means of settling differences between 
nations. Therefore, we declare our resolve not to sanction or par- 
ticipate directly in any future war. 

The speaker on the first view, that is the preparedness view, 
will be H. McAllister Griffiths of the University of California and 
Princeton Theological Seminary. 

Mr. GrirFitHs: Mr. Chairman and Members of the Confer- 
ence: We have at last arrived at the discussion of war. Let us 
hope that we haven’t arrived at a war. ; 

We believe that preparation for the emergency of war is the 
best way to aviod war, and therefore, we urge our nation so to 
prepare that any future war shall be brought to a speedy and a 
righteous termination. 

Now, as has been said by the Chairman, none of us‘believe im 


OPEN SESSION—ABOLITION OF WAR 255 


the glory or the rightness of war as such. We all hate war; we 
believe that war is one of the blemishes upon our modern civiliza- 
tion; we believe that almost anything is preferable to war, but what 
we do differ in, is in our methods of preventing war. Let us never 
be misled by any enthusiasm against war as such into the certain 
advocation of any one project for eliminating war. In other words, 
our enthusiasm, our indignation against war is not bound up with 
any particular method, necessarily, of doing away with it. 

In the first place, we who believe in preparedness believe in it, 
because we can not prevent war by saying that we don’t like it. You 
can’t get up and say, “I don’t believe in war; I don’t like war” any 
more than you can get up and say, “I don’t believe in disease, I do 
‘not believe in smallpox, I do not believe that I want to get sick.” 
We can’t keep from getting sick by saying that we don’t want to 
get sick, and you can’t stop war by simply saying if one comes along, 
“T don’t want to get in a war.” War is going to come anyway, and 
therefore it only seems sensible to prepare for it, so that when it 
comes, you may be able to meet the emergency. 

Secondly, no international thug is going to attack a nation which 
is prepared to defeat him, just as in our present day individual life 
no thug is going to attack a policeman whom he sees with a great 
blackjack at his side; no international thug is going to attack us or 
any other nation so long as we have the instruments for defense at 
hand. 

Third, history shows that unpreparedness is a breeder of war. 
The United States has never been prepared for any single one of the 
wars in which she has been engaged; never once, and yet we have 
been in war after war. Unpreparedness has never gained us peace. 
Not only that, but the classic instance of what unpreparedness can 
do in fomenting war is shown in the case of the Republic of China. 
There was no excuse for the partition of China by the Great Powers 
except that China. was defenceless, and you know for yourselves what 
happened as a result of that partition—War! It was one of the 
direct contributory causes of the last conflagration in Europe. These 
Far Eastern disputes and that sort of thing are necessarily a breeder 
of war. 

Fourth, preparedness will reduce the cost, the length and the 
loss of life in any war that may come. We do not believe that pre- 
paredness is going to prevent wars, but we do say, that it will reduce 
the cost and the length of any war. 

Fifth, it is the duty of the state to protect the life and well 


256 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


being of the people, no matter by whom that life and well being are 
threatened. 

. Sixth, Christ Himself recognized that man has a reciprocal duty 
to the state, that having received from the state he owes a duty to 
the state, and that duty is one of protection. 

Prepare against any emergency, thereby seeing that the emer- 
gency never comes, and there will again be an opportunity to preach to 
the world the gospel of Christ, which alone is the hope of the lost and 
dying world. . 

CHAIRMAN Harris: The view that war as un-Christian should 
be abolished by a process of education, but that non-resistance for 
the present is impracticable will be presented by Theodore C. Sargent 
of Boston University. 

Mr. SarcENT: Mr. Chairman and Fellow Students: This point 
of view that has been expressed includes three essential propositions. 
The first one is that war in itself is un-Christian. That is funda- 
mental, and also that war if it is to be abolished, cannot be immedi- 
ately abolished. It must come through a process of education. Edu- 
cation, we will freely admit, is the only efficient method of securing 
any reform. That is the fundamental proposition. 

Secondly, a policy of non-resistance cannot practicably be held. 
An illustration cited in one of the discussion groups will serve my 
purpose here. 

A certain man walking down a certain street of a certain 
city saw an excited sailor about to attack a white girl. He rushed 
to the scene immediately, interceded and stepped between the two; 
whereupon the sailor delivered three blows in succession on the gen- 
tleman without any resistance on his part. And then, as the story 
goes, the sailor after that broke down and cried over his action. 
That sounds like a very ideal method of solving such difficulties, if 
applied to war, but I cannot conceive of the Kaiser breaking down 
and crying, had Belgium and France taken that same attitude of non- 
resistance. 

We must bear in mind that what we want now is a proposition 
that will serve our immediate needs. We cannot immediately adopt 
non-resistance, and let the nations of the world that care to, walk 
all over us; for human nature cannot be transformed in one night. 
That is the second proposition. 

Thirdly, resort to fighting will come only in cases of extreme 
necessity ; that is, after all possible means have been used to prevent 
war, whether this be through arbitration boards or any other form 
of arbitrative means. You may choose the League of Nations or 


OPEN SESSION—-ABOLITION OF WAR 257 


any other agency whatever; we are not stating the means, but only 
insisting that such means shall be employed to the very limit. 

If, however, human nature does not care to accommodate itself 
to this point of view immediately, we hold that it is our duty to fight, 
for the reason that we must defend the possibility of securing an 
ideal. The ideal we want is absolute peace. It cannot be achieved 
immediately. Therefore, we must safeguard the possibility of achiev- 
ing it, by at least safeguarding the possibility of the life of those 
who are working for that end. 

To summarize, we believe that war is un-Christian fundamen- 
tally, but that it can be abolished only through a process of educa- 
tion. Non-resistance is impracticable because it is too immediate. 
We must first employ processes of education, so that human nature 
will be able to accommodate itself to the advanced point of view. 

And then, lastly, we believe that it will be our duty to engage 
in war or warfare only after all other means have failed. Certainly 
no one of us holding this point of view would say that America or 
any other country is justified in warring on the immediate pretext of 
any situation that arises in the immediate future without full con- 
sideration. We believe this statement covers the point of view and 
provides for the achieving of an ideal through sensible means with- 
out the sacrifice of what Christ called our human life and its values. 
Therefore, we are advocating Christ’s idea through the very method 
He Himself. used. 

CHAIRMAN Harris: The next speaker will be Mr. Wendell 
Berge, of the University of Nebraska. 

Mr. Berce: Mr. Chairman and Fellow Students: I represent 
that thought in the convention which believes that the League of 
Nations and the World Court are the best means of preventing war 
and preserving peace. 

We want peace. We hate war. We believe that it is un-Chris- 
tian, that it is hideous and that it is inhuman; but we do not believe 
that the way to prevent war is to prepare for it. We do not believe 
that education alone can accomplish our end, although we concede 
that it is of great importance. We do not believe in the stand of 
the pacifists. 

We believe that the fundamental cause of war today is the lack 
of world organization, the lack of organized relationships between 
the different nations of the world. We have today a world society 
in the sense that we never have had it before. Let me illustrate in 
this way: One hundred years ago it didn’t matter much to the people 
living right here in this section of the country what happened in 


258 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


Europe or in Africa or in Asia; it didn’t matter much to the people 
living in China or Japan what happened here or in Europe or in 
Africa, but today we have come to the point where the world is a 
sensitive whole. When the President of the United States dies in 
San Francisco, ten minutes later the newsboys in London are an- 
nouncing the fact. When there is an earthquake in Japan, it is 
immediately felt in the stock markets of New York. 

What better illustration of a world society than this Convention 
right here? Here are students from many of the countries of the 
world, all listening to the same ideas, all reaching more or less the 
same conclusions and going home to their respective countries to 
preach the same doctrines. 

Now, with this state of world society how can we expect, as 
citizens of this modern world, to eradicate war unless we have world 
organization to meet these new conditions? Today we are like a 
ship without a rudder, like an automobile without a steering gear. 

We believe that with some form of organization to settle inter- 
national differences as they arise; to provide a tribunal for the set- 
tlement of disputes, economic and political, between nations; to codify 
international law, if you please; that then, when we get this world 
organization, the nations of the world will have no hesitancy about 
disarming; then there will be no fear that they will lack protection; 
because when you stop to think about it, much as we love our Chris- 
tian ideal of peace, there is today in the final analysis no substitute 
for force. 

What we of this school of thought believe is that the best way 
to accomplish the Christian ideal is to provide a substitute for war, 
a legal substitute, a means whereby these differences can be prac- 
ticably settled without resort to brute force. 

We believe that when this agency is established there will be 
no need for pacifistic doctrines; there will be no need for prepared- 
ness; for the people of the world will come to the conclusion through 
the processes of education, through the development of spiritual 
brotherhood, which conventions such as this can further, that war 
is unnecessary and that the means have been provided whereby dis- 
putes can be justly settled. 

Now the present League of Nations may not be the solution, 
but there are a large number of us who think it is, and we want to 
give this League of Nations and the permanent Court of International 
Justice a fair trial. 

We believe that the students of this Convention share this con- 
viction; that those who belong to countries now members of the 


OPEN SESSION—ABOLITION OF WAR 259 


League are going home resolved in their hearts to do all they can 
to cultivate sentiment within their countries which will make that 
League a more-than-ever living reality, and that we of the United 
States who hold this thought, are equally determined that we shall 
do what we can to bring the United States of America around to this 
point of view, so that we too may soon join the League and take our 
place as leaders in the world for justice, liberty and peace. 

We believe that by this means we can by the grace of God do 
something to help speed the day when peace and good will shall 
reign among the nations and all peoples of the earth. 

CHAIRMAN Harris: The last speaker on the war issue, who 
will present the absolute pacifist stand, will be Mr. Allan A. Hunter, 
student at Union Theological Seminary, New York City. 

Mr. Hunter: We are not talking about using the violence 
that handles a police case where there isn’t a policeman ’round in 
the street. We are talking about modern war as now organized. 
Modern war as now organized defeats its own end, and does not pro- 
tect the helpless. Look at the facts today, directly due to the war, 
20,000,000 men killed, 9,000,0000 children left without fathers, 
5,000,000 widows, and 10,000,000 refugees. 

War today defeats its own end. It does not end war. It sets 
into motion, we have found, new potential causes which once released 
only tend to start new wars. Ever since November 11, 1918, the 
part of the world that was most affected by the Great War has con- 
tinued in an almost constant state of war. 

And one more thing: Those who know best the forces now 
operating in the world, and seem to see furthest into the future, 
discern a cloud coming. Twenty world-renowned and responsible 
statesmen, historians and journalists say today that judging by the 
way the world is now going, we are headed directly toward war. 
As we see that cloud coming, all of us who believe in education are 
for education, yes, but unfortunately we haven’t at our disposal the 
necessary thirty years. Our hope is one hope, and that is not just 
a dramatic gesture but an absolutely consecrated protest on the part 
of those who are willing to go the way of Jesus, and are willing to 
stand up and take whatever consequences may come. 

I believe that if Abraham Lincoln were with us, a man who 
rose up to a great emergency, and a good many of my friends 
who were killed in the war,—men better than I can ever hope to be, 
men who had intrepidity, men who had a contempt for comfort 
and softness, men who surrendered their private interests to some- 
thing beyond selfish ends, men who were obedient to command— 


260 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


I believe that they would summon some of us who believe in Christ’s 
way to leave the old dug-out of force and violence and go up to some- 
thing more. And I would be ashamed as I think of these friends, 
not to go out of that dug-out and go on no matter what happens, 
no matter what people are going to say about me. I can’t now look 
into the eyes of Jesus Christ and take any position that will help to 
sanction war. I am not talking now about the past. I believe 
Christ’s way of trusting all men and of giving Himself, as my friends 
gave themselves for this new time, I believe that that way will win. 
The way of Jesus, who tells us to look at those on the other side 
and to love them. The way of Jesus, who took a chance. 

This cloud coming! There is a chance to ward it off, if all over 
the globe we can get a few here and there who will stand out for 
Jesus’s way, and go that way and take the gaff—that way of just 
loving people, not with a fist—we are tempted to do that, we fellows 
get angry—but that way of loving people with all of our lives. The 
world did not believe Christ then, and it does not now. The world 
took that young man up into its hands, the way a rat terrier takes 
a rat in its mouth, and it shook and shook but it could not shake out 
of Christ that unbreakable faith in men, that trust that he had in 
their power to work together. 

We would not deny Him, and thereby cause organized war. 
Because war,—the kind that is going to come in the future, if it 
comes,—defeats its own purpose, failing to protect the helpless, failing 
to end war, and because war as now constituted is contrary to the way 
of Christ, some of us now take this stand. 

CHAIRMAN Harris: A few of the concrete proposals which 
have emerged from the discussion groups, as to how we can best 
mobilize the forces against war on our college campuses are as fol- 
lows: work for the truth regarding war from both press and pulpit; 
establish forums for discussion; discuss the question with our per- 
sonal friends; work for the elimination of the R. O. T. C., the re- 
quired military courses and other war makers in college. These 
proposals were not unanimously agreed upon by any group. 

Individual things which smaller groups or individuals are going 
to do on their campuses when they get back, are these: change the 
motive behind the R. O. T. C. to a more extensive physical education 
program; organize student expression through straw votes by means 
of existing organizations; study the economic causes of war; study 
and pray as to how war may be prevented; study other nations’ his- 
tories; exchange with other countries for fellowships and also pro- 


OPEN SESSION—ABOLITION OF WAR 261 


fessors; put into practice constructive programs of friendship like 
the Japanese Relief and the Student Friendship Fund. 

It may be wondered why such a prominent place is given to 
war as evidenced by the fact of these speeches and by the vote which 
we are now going to take, as over against a question like race. The 
answer is simply this: there has emerged from the groups a desire 
for a registration of conviction on the war issue, whereas on the 
racial issue the differences are less distinctly drawn and the issues 
less crisp, clean and clear cut. 

We shall now proceed to a show of hands on these four propo- 
sitions which have been presented by different student members of 
this Convention. 

First, we believe that preparation for the emergency of war 
is the best way to avoid war; therefore we urge our nation so to pre- 
pare that any future war shall be brought to a speedy and righteous 
termination. Will all those who believe this, raise their right hands? 

A DetecaTE: How many of these may we support, Mr. Chair- 
man ? 

CHAIRMAN Harris: You may support all, if you can con- 
scientiously do so. [About 175 * supported this proposition. ] 

Second, we believe that war is un-Christian and should be abol- 
ished through a process of education, but that non-resistance is now 
impracticable and that occasions may arise wherein it is our duty 
to engage in war, after all means have failed to prevent it. [About 
4,000 * supported this proposition. ] 

CHAIRMAN Harris: Third, we believe that war is un-Christian 
and that the League of Nations is the best means of preventing it, 
but we would resort to war in case an unavoidable dispute had been 
referred to the League or the World Court without succesful set- 
tlement. [About 5,500 * supported this proposition. ] 

CHAIRMAN Harris: Fourth, we believe that henceforth war 
is an utter denial of Jesus’ way of life, ineffective as a means of 
settling differences between nations; therefore, we declare our re- 
solve not to sanction or participate directly in any future war. 
[About 400 * supported this proposition. ] 

CHAIRMAN Harris: We will now join in singing Hymn No. 
40. Following the singing of this hymn, we shall be led in a short 
devotional period by Mr. Samuel Shoemaker, Jr., Secretary of the 
Philadelphian Society, which is the Y. M. C. A. of Princeton Uni- 
versity. After Mr. Shoemaker has led us in this short devotional 





* The numbers here stated are estimates only. No count was made. 


262 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


period, we shall hear two views of how we as students, can conse- 
crate ourselves, in view of the tremendous issues we have faced here 
this morning, to the task of making ourselves fit instruments for the 
carrying of these things into the world. 

[Hymn No. 40 was sung. | 


“Fairest Lord Jesus, 
Ruler of all nature, 
O thou of God and man the Son; 
Thee will I cherish, 
Thee will I honor, 
Thou, my soul’s glory, joy and crown. 


“Fair are the meadows, 
Fairer still the woodlands, 
Robed in the blooming garb of spring; 
Jesus is fairer, 
Jesus is purer, 
Who makes the woeful heart to sing. 


“Fair is the sunshine, 
Fairer still the moonlight, 
And all the twinkling, starry host; 
Jesus shines brighter, 
Jesus shines purer 
Than all the angels heaven can boast.” 


Mr. SHOEMAKER: We have been looking during these ‘days 
for the mind of Christ, and I think some of us have come nearer 
to appreciating the mind of Christ since we have been here than 
ever before. A problem that faces us as we get away from this 
Convention is how we are going to achieve the levels of life on which 
we have been thinking and planning while we have been. here. 

It is my belief that we will hold on to the things that we have 
gotten, that we will dare to stand by some of the stands we believe 
we ought to take, just in proportion to the depth and reality of our 
own discipleship to Christ. So let us come back again for a few 
minutes as we always must come back to Him. 

I want to read the twenty-first chapter of the Gospel according 
to St. John.* 


After that Jesus disclosed himself once more to the disciples at the sea 
of Tiberias. It was in this way: Simon Peter, Thomas (who was called 
“the Twin”), Nathaniel from Cana in Galilee, the two sons of Zebedee and 
two other disciples of his were all together. Simon Peter said to them, “I 
am going to fish.” They said, “We are coming with you, too.” Off they 


* Read from “A New Translation of the New Testament” by James 
Moffatt, D.D. : 


OPEN SESSION—DISCIPLESHIP 263 


went and embarked in the boat, but that night they caught nothing. Now at 
the break of day Jesus was standing on the beach (though the disciples did 
not know it was Jesus). “Lads,” said Jesus, “have you got anything?” ‘“No,” 
they answered. So he told them, “Throw your net on the right of the boat 
and you will have a take.” At this they threw the net, and now they could 
not haul it in for the mass of fish. So the disciple who was Jesus’ favorite 
said to Peter, “It is the Lord!” Hearing it was the Lord, Simon Peter threw 
off his blouse (he was stripped for work) and jumped into the water, while 
the rest of the disciples came ashore in the boat (they were not far from 
land, only about a hundred yards), dragging their netful of fish. When they 
got to land, they saw a charcoal fire burning, with fish cooking on it, and some 
bread. Jesus said to them, “Bring some of the fish you have just caught.” 
So Peter went aboard and hauled the net ashore, full of large fish, a hundred 
and fifty-three of them, but for all their number the net was not torn, Jesus 
said, “Come and breakfast.” (Not one of the disciples dared to ask Him who 
He was, for they knew it was the Lord.) Jesus went and took the bread and 
gave it to them and the fish, too. This was the third time now that Jesus 
appeared to the disciples after rising from the dead. 

Then after breakfast Jesus said to Simon Peter, “Simon, son of John, 
do you love me more than the others do?” “Why, Lord,” he said, “you 
know I love you.” “Then feed my lambs,” said Jesus. Again he asked him 
for the second time, “Simon, son of John, do you love me?” “Why, Lord,” 
he said, “you know I love you.” “Then be a shepherd to my sheep,” said 
Jesus. For the third time he asked him, “Simon, son of John, do you love 
me?” Now Peter was vexed at being asked a third time, “Do you love me?” 

So he replied: “Lord, you know everything, you can see I love you.” Jesus 
said, “Then feed my sheep. Truly, truly, I tell you, you put on your own 
girdle and went wherever you wanted when you were young; but when you 
grow old you will stretch out your hands for some one to gird you and you 
will be taken where you have no wish to go.” (He said this to indicate the 
kind of death by which Peter would glorify God); then He added, “Follow 
me.” Peter turned round and saw that the favorite disciple of Jesus was fol- 
lowing, the disciple who had leant on his breast at supper and had put the 
question, “Lord, who is to betray you?” So, on catching sight of him, Peter 
said to Jesus, “What about him, Lord?” Jesus replied, “If I choose that he 


should survive till I come back, what does that matter to you? Follow me 
yourself.” 


Let us pray. 

Let us think of Jesus Christ standing at break of day by the 
shore of a new year dimly known to some of us, eagerly watching 
our work as fishers of men. 

Let us think of His concern about us, His hope, His urgent 
desire that our work should be truthful and remain, His sorrow and 
disappointment when we fail Him. 

Let us face that question of His, “Lads, have you got anything 
to give?” 

He asks of every one of us “Do you love me? More than the 


264 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


ordinary followers, more than the church members that we have 
criticized, more than those who could have come to this Convention 
and didn’t come, more than we did ourselves when first we got here?” 

Let us face the sin that stands between some of us and Him, the 
pride and the uncleanness and the self-will. Let us pray to Him 
for strength day by day to keep in touch with Him and take the 
time to be near Him. | 

And he measures our love for Him in terms of service, “Feed 
my sheep.” 

Let us think now what we ought to do, each one of us, for those 
in the world who are actually hungry today, and then let us think 
about those who are spiritually hungry, desperately unsatisfied. Let 
us think of that one man or woman back on our campus, who has 
been on our hearts and who wants to find Christ, who ought to find 
Christ. 

Let us ask what we have got to do concerning our life plans, 
whether there has not got to be a change, whether we have got to 
go up on higher ground. Can we say we love Him, and do the thing 
we plan to do? Let us face the issue of entire surrender of our 
wills to the will of God. Let us consider that for us the days of 
undiscipline and self-will are gone if we take Him, that we no longer 
go where we will but go where we are sent, and that that does not 
mean restriction and bondage but freedom and peace. — 

Let us make sure we are not dodging our own responsibility by 
asking, “Lord, what shall this man do?”’, or hoping that somebody ~ 
else is going to shoulder our burden. Let us pray to be made con- 
scious that the things we have heard in this Convention are like idle 
talk, unless we can translate them into concrete life, unless we love 
some people back home that we never loved before, and pay attention 
to some people we have always ignored before. Let us pray that 
in this hour God’s holy spirit may be with us and tell us what He 
wants us to do now. 

O God, our father, unto whom all hearts are open, all desires 
are known, from whom no secrets of our hearts are hid, we feel 
helpless and very nearly futile in the face of the needs that we have 
seen. We are afraid as we look into the face of a new year and a 
new life, that we shall fall short and be found wanting. Unless we 
commit ourselves to Thee, soul and body, unless day by day through 
prayer we find Thee anew, we know that we shall fail. 

Somehow, we know that in the midst of all these problems we 
are ourselves the great problem. We know that Thy Kingdom can- 
not come through us until we are willing. 


OPEN SESSION—DISCIPLESHIP 265 


O God, give us the grace to face complete surrender and to 
turn wholly to Thee, to begin to look on life as through the eyes of 
Christ, to seek Thy kingdom first, to search for Thy will for our 
lives. We have got to make a start somewhere. Keep us this day 
from making any trivial resolution, when what we need to do is to 
begin a new life. 

Come to us in our perplexity and need and take us. Make 
every one of us a spiritual force in the places to which we go. 

Take our wills. They are all that we have to give Thee, and 
just as Thou wilt and when and where, use us in Thy Kingdom. We 
ask it for the sake of Jesus Christ, our Lord. Amen. 

CHAIRMAN Harris: In response to a very wide-spread re- 
quest on the part of students and discussion group leaders that there 
be presented at this time the student attitude on consecration and 
how we can put into practice the things we have learned and faced 
here together, we shall now listen to two brief addresses by two of 
our own number. The first speaker will be Mr. E. Fay Campbell 
of Yale University. 

- Mr. Campspett: There are just two things that I want to say 
this morning, and I am going to say them just as quickly as I can. I 
assure you that I mean them with all the power that I can express. 

The other day I heard an address on law enforcement by Ad- 
miral Sims. At the beginning he read a letter which went something 
like this: “Dear Friend: I am very sorry that I was not able to attend 
to the affairs that I should have this last week, but I was drunk most 
of the time and couldn’t get at it.” This letter was from one minister 
to another about 100 years ago back in New Haven. | 

We can all find records in history of people who didn’t find 
any difficulty at all in saying that slavery was one of those things 
that was ordained by God. Apparently, Paul had a hard time con- 
vincing the Corinthians that sexual cleanliness had anything to do 
with religion. es 

I have gathered from different people here with whom I have 
talked that there is some question as to whether or not we have been 
talking about religion at this convention. Believe me, we have been 
talking about religion at this convention just as certainly as if we 
had been talking about drunkenness or about purity or about whether 
or not human slavery was ever justified. If we have not been talking 
about the Christian religion here, I am through with the Christian 
religion, because I believe that the Christian religion deals with every 
phase of a man’s life. I can’t see how any of us can express our 
love to God in any other way than through our relationships with 


266 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


other men and women. Certainly we have been talking here about 
that. The questions we have considered during this convention con- 
cern Christianity, and Christianity is not anything less than those 
questions. We can’t call ourselves Christians if we are not inter- 
ested in the questions which have been raised; and we are ridicu- 
lous, it seems to me, in the sight of God, if we do not go back to 
our campuses to think further and more seriously about these very 
things that have been discussed here. 

For myself, I want to thank those people who dare to say what 
I believe to be right, namely, that for them they are going to try 
the way of aggressive good will from now on and that never again 
can any nation call on them to take up physical force. All I can say 
about it is that this is religion, and it is the right religion for humanity 
today. 

The second thing I want to say has to do with where this religion 
is going to lead us. Remember how at one time Jesus said, “He who 
would come after me let him take up his cross daily and follow me.” 
Did you ever think that He didn’t say these words after He had been 
nailed on two pieces of wood erected on a hill outside of Jerusalem? 
He didn’t say these words after that happened. He said it while he 
was in his active ministry. I don’t suppose Jesus had any conception 
of the wooden cross when he said them. I don’t think He knew at 
that time where or when His death was going to be, but He knew 
that the way of life was the way of the cross. He knew that we were 
living in a world where the only way to really live is to lose life. 

I would like to bring that right down home. At the time of 
the Yale-Princeton football game a man came into our place who 
used to be a Yale leader in religious work back on the campus years 
ago. He had thought of going into the ministry, but decided in the 
end to try business for at least a year or two. 

When he came in, I said, “Bill, how is it going in business ?” 

“Not too good.” He was a little bit noncommittal. I kept 
pressing the point and tried to find out just how he stood, until 
finally he said: “Well, I have got to get about a ten thousand dollar 
income so that I can come down here to a game if I want to, so that 
I can have a nice machine, and won’t have to worry about things. 
I have got to have that and I am not sure I can have it in the 
ministry.” 

Men, there is a lot of that spirit on your campus and there is 
a lot of it in you and in me, isn’t there? I want to thank God here 
today for the examples that we have had from this platform in 
Dr. Mott and Dr. Speer, who to me seem to represent what we need 


OPEN SESSION—DISCIPLESHIP 267 


about as much as anything else in this world. They are two men 
who could have gone into any other profession or any other line 
and made good so far as we can see, men with capacities and abilities 
that would put any of us here to shame, so far as I have been able 
to judge, and yet these men found that the thing for them to do 
under God was to throw themselves completely into this Christian 
enterprise. They didn’t count lots of things as worth while which 
my friend Bill counted worth while month before last. They said, 
“No, we are going to throw that aside and we are going to go with 
all the energy that we have in us into this enterprise.” 

Do you know that about ninety per cent of my class are either 
down in Wall Street or scattered throughout this country in business? 
I remember one man at Des Moines four years ago, and how we 
knelt in the hotel and prayed together and talked together. That 
man is out in India today. He could have made just as big a success 
on Wall Street as a lot of these men, but he saw that the thing for 
him to do was to go out and live what he believed to be the fullest 
life he could, giving himself in full-time Christian service out there. 

I was talking a few weeks ago to a former classmate of mine, 
who is now down on Wall Street, making good. He has already 
published a book on foreign exchange which is being widely used, 
though he is not yet thirty years of age. Yet he told me, “If it were 
not that I am married and settled here and have the expenses I have, 
I’d get out and teach school; I know I ought to—but I am in the 
system now and I have got to go through with it.” 

Isn’t there a lot of that on your campus, too? What I have 
got to say is simply this: where this religion of Jesus Christ, that 
touches every side of a man’s life, is going to lead us is right straight 
to the cross. We have got to start to take up our cross right now, 
or we had better quit religion, because there is no place for us in 
Christianity. We must go back on to the campus and start with it 
right now. ' 

So far as I am concerned I believe some of us must go back to 
the campus and say, “No, I won’t serve on that Junior Prom Com- 
mittee or on that other committee that you have put me on. I ama 
busy man. I have a lot of studying I must do. I have to think 
through a lot of problems. I have to talk personal religion with a 
few men on this campus. I must help them. I haven’t time to sit 
around planning and frittering away hours on questions as to whether 
we are going to have a lot of flowers at the “prom” or not. I have 
some things to do that are worth while.” 

Some of us have to go back and do that. Maybe some of us 


268 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


will have to refuse the captaincy of some team because the Christian 
Association needs us to get down and live there where we ought to 
live, and give time to thinking about what it means to be a Christian 
in this day. I believe it is going to mean that when fraternity elec- 
tions come along, some of us will have to say, “No, I am not going 
to separate myself from the rest of the student body. I am one man 
here with others and I am not going to assume that I am any better 
than this man who didn’t make a fraternity. I am a brother with 
every last man on this campus.” 

Are we ready just to take this Christian business seriously? 
Is it going to take absolute control of our lives? St. Paul once said, 
“For I bear banded on my body the marks of Jesus.’ Can you point 
to any marks on your body? Has Christ got us? Have we got on 
us His stamp? 

Dean Sperry the other day in a sermon at Battell Chapel said, 
“T believe that there are a lot of gamblers going to get into Heaven 
before a lot of people that I know who have taken religion simply 
to play safe.” It startled a few of the good folks back there on our 
campus, but I am ready to say that he is right and, as for me, I 
pray to God that I may go back from this convention to be reckless, 
not caring what people think about me; that I may go back in the 
great Christian adventure to abandon all for Him. 

I pray God that a lot of us may feel that this is our job, as we 
think about what we are going to do back on the campus. 


CHAIRMAN Harris: The last student who will address us is 
Mr. Henry P. Van Dusen of Princeton University and Union Theo- 
logical Seminary. 

Mr. Van Dusen.—I want to say at the outset that I believe 
tremendously in this Convention; I believe tremendously in the 
democratic processes that have been started here, in the discussion 
groups that have had their issue in the reports that we have had 
this morning, and yet the Committee has asked Fay Campbell and me 
to say not what the discussion group leaders should dictate, nor to 
summarize their convictions, but to give personal statements of the 
things that are most on our hearts. 

I want to say one thing and one thing only and that is this: 
that believing as I do firmly in all that we have been doing to try 
to see our way through the problems that confront us today, there 
is an issue before this Convention and before each one of us that 
runs deeper than that. I have felt that somehow or other we weren’t 


OPEN SESSION—DISCIPLESHIP 269 


getting at the heart of the matter, that we were doing well but we 
weren't doing well enough. 

I believe personally that the question before the world and our 
nation today is not a question of finding solutions and plans and 
positions, but one of finding men and women. 

I believe that the great issue we face individually as we come 
close to the end of this Convention is the question of whether we 
have individually within us the qualities of leadership, not the pro- 
grams of leadership, which are needed in the world of our day. 

I can see that in the first place the emphasis that needs to be 
made at this time is this: the emphasis of personal character. I don’t 
think we have had enough emphasis in this convention on the actual 
quality of personal character required in you and me, if we are going 
to lead this generation. 

And yet I know you feel, as I do, that if we are to contribute 
anything to this world in which we live, if we look beneath the sur- 
face at the facts we have talked about this morning, there has got 
to be reborn in us individually and corporately a quality of personal 
character far beyond that with which we came to Indianapolis and 
far beyond the measure that most of the platform addresses have 
presupposed. 

My friends, I don’t have any hope personally for the day in 
which we live except through men and women who can meet unquali- 
fiedly the exacting standards of personal character that Christ set. 
Take first the standard of absolute purity. You know what that 
means on our campuses today, and what it means in the life of some 
of us, with the petting question and all the rest. Then take our stand- 
ard of abolute honesty, honesty of thought. There was real, genuine, 
honest thought in discussion groups, but there was not enough of 
it. There were not enough men and women, as I saw it, who went 
there determined to control the bias of their convictions and to look 
at questions absolutely foursquare, with the mind of Christ and 
through the eyes of Christ. 

Take absolute unselfishness and love, a test which strikes home 
to every one of us, to the very roots of our being. We must have 
more faith in one another. We must believe in one another and 
love one another more, a test: which strikes, as some of us were 
saying yesterday, to the heart of the people who organized this 
Convention, to the Committee and the leaders, to the center of this 
platform, in order that the divisions and the jealousies and the 
cleavages which in spite of all our Christian consecration exist among 
us, shall be done away with and that we love one another as brothers, 


270 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


remembering that where the spirit of Christ really is there is unity. 
If there is one lesson that we can learn from the older generation, 
it is this: that you and I of the younger generation shall have done 
with differences and divisions and jealousies and cleavages and shall 
believe in one another and present a united front as we face and 
lead the student movement of our day. 

And then it seems to me that there is one other test, the most 
important of all that we face individually. It is the one that Mr. 
Campbell has referred to: the test of courage, courage to the point 
of self-sacrifice, for, personally, if I am convinced of one thing in 
the world it is this: that there is one way and one way only to meet 
the problems of our day, and that is through men and women who 
have put the experience of the cross at the heart of their lives. I am 
not talking for the moment of the cross of Christ. I am talking of 
the principle embodied in that cross. 

We have heard much in and out of the sessions of this Con- 
vention about a new youth movement. I believe we have got the 
genius and the genesis of this movement here. Yet isn’t it true 
that as you study the people who are thinking in terms of a great 
up-springing of youth in this country today, they divide themselves 
quite unconsciously into two groups. On the one hand is the group 
through whose thought and through whose vocabulary there run the 
ideas of self-expression, of self-development. I think that- most of 
us have come here with such ideas as these very, very strongly in our 
minds, and when we think of a movement of youth in this country 
today we think in terms of self-expression and self-development and 
self-realization. 

The other group of men and women is a smaller group, who 
seem to me to have seen through to the heart of the matter, and in 
whose vocabulary and in whose thought these words and these ideas 
of self never occur, who are not talking about self-expression and 
self-development and self-realization at all, but who are talking about 
a world to be saved, mankind to be redeemed, the Kingdom of God 
to be brought in on earth, and who realize that in the realization 
of those objectives there is no room for thought about or desire for 
self-realization or self-expression. ; 

In God’s name let’s think through some of the issues that con- 
front youth today and see that the principle of self-realization and 
self-expression stands as the antithesis of the principle of the cross, 
the absolute surrender and dedication of myself, body and mind and 
soul, for the cause of God and for my fellowmen. 

I believe personally that our day waits on the up-springing of 


OPEN SESSION—DISCIPLESHIP 271 


a group, however small, of men and women who will place the cross 
at the heart of their life and mean it, not now when we stand here 
under the impetus of mob psychology, but when we go back to our 
campuses, cost what it may—and it means cost. 

If there is one thing that this convention has impressed upon 
me it is this: that Christianity today is an infinitely harder thing 
than I had ever imagined it was before. And whatever else is true, 
this is true: that there never has been a time in Christian history 
when the following of Christ involved more of the experience of the 
cross for those who really meant to follow Him. 

For you Southerners, it means going back into our colleges to 
take a stand on the race question which will be absolutely unpopular— 
the stand which Christ Himself would take. 

For the Westerners on the Pacific Coast it means going back to 
take a new attitude toward the Oriental students and the Japanese 
question, an attitude which, as I see it, if you press it through to the 
end, means inevitably the experience of the cross to the point of 
persecution. For all of us it means going back into our colleges, into 
social systems, fraternity systems, athletic systems and all the rest, 
where if we would follow through the meaning of this convention, 
we shall have to stand out against the tide of current thought in our 
institutions and in doing this we shall know what the meaning of 
the cross is.in human experience. 

I would like to say just a word about the relation of the younger 
generation to the older generation because a number of references 
have been made to this relationship during the Convention, and it 
has existed in the background of much that has been said from this 
platform. 

I want to say this to the younger generation: that when you and 
I produce leadership of the character of Speer and Mott and Eddy 
and Wilder, when there has shone forth on our faces and in our lives 
the quality of life which is in those men, when we are ready and 
prepared to take up in our day the cross which they took up in their 
day, when we are prepared to lead from this platform as they have 
led, then and then only are we ready to demand from them the 
leadership of our generation, and I believe that then and then only 
they will gladly hand it over to us. 

But let us not deceive ourselves and think that until we have 
duplicated in our lives qualities which these men possess, we can take 
out of their hands the leadership which they rightfully hold. I don’t 
believe the older generation is doubtful about us; they have faith in 
us, in spite of our peculiarities, in spite of our unwillingness to see 


272 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


the meaning in words and experiences which they see, but I pray God 
that they will demand of us commanding qualities of personal char- 
acter and consecration before they surrender into our hands the 
leadership of the task of Christ in this day. 

I believe we are looking forward to a great, new student Chris- 
tian movement, but let us be sure that in the first place it is not less 
Christian but more Christian than the movements which we have 
today. Only so shall we get what the situation in the student world 
today demands—a unity of command and of organization, a unity 
of the massing of spiritual power in a new student movement— 
when there springs up from the life of us individually and collec- 
tively the wells of living spiritual power for which the world waits 
today; because it seems to me that that is the fundamental need, for 
a rebirth within us of living, spiritual power, which shall give dynamic 
and before which the existing obstacles shall disappear. 

To me—and here I go where I am afraid some will find it 
difficult to go—there is one great reality in this convention and only 
one. That reality is the living God. I believe that He stands here 
amongst us, the one great fact before which all of the material of 
our discussion and our thought fades away into insignificance. I 
believe that He stands looking out over the world today,—a world 
desperately in need, demanding salvation,—with a heart which weeps 
and breaks for men and women everywhere who are overburdened 
with all of the problems which we have discussed, and with a heart, 
too, which weeps and burns for us because we do not see deeply 
enough into the problems which we confront, and because we do not 
align our lives absolutely with His and merge our petty resources in 
His infinite resources. 

The student world and the world beyond wait for men and 
women who can re-establish their personal relationship with the living 
God and who can allow His infinite resources to flow through their 
resources, and I believe that that is the one question which we have 
to face here. 

I am tremendously concerned that in this convention no deci- 
sions shall be reached which are not permanent, because I believe 
that where the Spirit of God really is there is quiet and assurance 
and confidence. For myself I seem to see Him and hear Him calling 
unmistakably for a deeper consecration, for a gathering together of 
men and women who see the implications of the life with Him and 
of Him today and who will give themselves absolutely to that life. 

As I go back the only answer that I can make to the question 
which He puts as to whether or not we will follow Him all the way 


OPEN SESSION—DISCIPLESHIP 273 


is this: “Not in my own strength but in Thy strength I will.” And - 
I believe that is the answer which this convention must give if the 
issues and the problems which have been raised in these days that 
we have spent together are to be successfully solved during our 
generation. 


CHAIRMAN Harris: I cannot but feel that this has been 
one of the most important sessions of this Convention. The time 
is up, but before we close with the final hymn, I should like to make 
just two remarks, 

The first is that in the face of the tremendous challenges that 
have been hurled at us from this place, not only today but before 
this time, in the face of the terrific difficulties in thinking our way 
clearly through the racial, international and economic problems, we 
must realize that where God calls us to go, will be absolutely the 
best place that we can possibly be in. That means that heroism is 
going to be shown and needed not only in the strictly Christian pro- 
fessions, but in absolutely every ramification of our national life; 
that if any of us here get the clear call from God to dedicate our- 
selves to His service, no matter where it may be, we can rest assured 
that only by permeating our entire corporate life with the spirit that 
has been manifested in this Convention, can we hope to bring in 
the spirit of brotherhood and love and sympathy and decency and 
wholesomeness and fineness and chivalry and _ self-sacrifice and 
courage. 

The second thing is this: That some people get the idea that 
the surrender of ourselves to God is a gloomy, drab, gray, and grim 
thing. I should like to put myself on record that it is no such thing, 
that the way of the Cross if we see it clearly, is the way which 
eventually our best impulses make us want to follow, and if we do 
follow this way, we know that God’s hand is on our shoulder and 
his voice in our heart, saying to us, “You are on the right track.” 

With that comes the tremendous joy and thrill at the possibilities 
of our generation sweeping out in a new crusade to organize all the 
forces of fineness and nobility in this time of crisis. Self-denial 
and discipline, yes, but also real fundamental everlasting joy. 

A story that Robert E. Speer told to the school to which I went, 
and which has made an indelible impression on the minds of all 
those who heard it, is one with which I should like to close. 

At one of our great universities a boy had on the walls on his 
room pictures which obviously should not have been there. His 
mother inadvertently stepped into the room one day and looked 


274. CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


around. Being a wise mother she made no. comment: upon the 
decorations at the time, but after a few days simply sent him a copy 
of Hoffman’s “Head of Christ.” Three weeks later she returned 
to that boy’s room. She looked around and over here instead of 
the pictures that were there before were pictures of Yellowstone 
Park, over here were pictures of some of his school athletic teams, 
behind her were some reproductions of famous paintings and on this 
wall was the picture she had sent him of Hoffman’s Christ. She 
said to him, “Why, Bill, where are all the pretty pictures you had 
in your room?” He answered, “Well, Mother, they would not go 
with Him.” 

If there is any message that has been brought to us by these 
students who have spoken, it is that inter-racial; international, eco- 
nomic hideousness, injustices, impurities, dishonesties, selfishnesses 
and that spiteful, unbrotherly attitude of carping criticism and biting 
sarcasm, will not go with Jesus Christ. 

That is the standard, that is the note—and must be—of this 
Convention. 

[Dr. Walter H. Judd took the Chair. ] 

CHAIRMAN Jupp: After our closing hymn we want to ask our 
good friend Studdert Kennedy to dismiss us with a closing prayer. 

[Hymn No. 38 was sung. ] 


“Jesus, the very thought of thee 
With sweetness fills my breast; 

But sweeter far thy face to see, 
And in thy presence rest. 


“Nor voice can sing, nor heart can frame, 
Nor can the memory find 

A sweeter sound than thy biest name, 
O Savior of mankind! 


“OQ Hope of every contrite heart, 
O Joy of all the meek, 

To those that fall, how kind thou art! 
How good to those who seek! 


“But what to those who find? Ah, this 
Nor tongue nor pen can show; 

The love of Jesus, what it is 
None but his loved ones know. 


“Jesus, our only joy be thou, 
As thou our prize wilt be; 
Jesus, be thou our glory now, 

And through eternity.” 


OPEN SESSION—DISCIPLESHIP 275 


Tue Rey. Mr. Stuppert Kennepy: Let us stand just for a 
moment in silence and each make his own act of consecration to 
God and his own prayer for honesty. 


[A moment of silent prayer. ] 


Keep that light in your eye and go up directly thereto and thou 
shalt come unto the gate at which when thou knockest it shall be 
told Thee what thou should do. 

Almighty God, give us grace that we may cast away the works 
of darkness—the things that we hide and dare not tell, the things 
that are secret—that we may cast away the works of darkness and 
put upon us the armor of light, now before it is too late, and before 
the misery of the world gets so bitter that we can’t really help. 

Help us to do it now in the time of this mortal life that when 
Thy son, Jesus Christ, comes in glory with the assurance of His 
victory, He may find us ready for Him. 

God help us to bear the Cross that we may find the crown, and 
have the pain in order that we may enter into His peace and find the 
power that that peace brings. 

Through Him who lived and suffered and rose again and as- 
cended into glory and reigns forever, to be the source of all our 
power and our strength, Jesus of Nazareth, carpenter and Christ. 

Into God’s eternal keeping we commit you; may the Lord bless 
you and keep you, may the Lord make his face to shine upon you 
and be gracious unto you; may the Lord lift up the light of His 
countenance upon you and give you peace, in your going out and 
in your coming in, in your lying down and in your rising up, in 
your labor and your leisure, in your laughter and your tears, until 
you come to stand before Him in the day to which there is no sunset 
and no dawn. Amen. 


@ Praper 


KENNETH Scott LATOURETTE 


O God, our Father, we give Thee thanks for the men 
and women who through the many years have gone out 
because of this movement and who have poured out their 
lives in other lands. 

We give Thee thanks for all that they have meant to 
the lands to which they have gone. We give Thee thanks 
for those who have labored in years past and still labor that 
this movement may continue to be a growing source of 
blessing to the world. 

Help us, we pray Thee, in the silence of this moment 
to forget those about us, to remember Thee. : 

Bring before us our trusteeship to Thee. Bring before 
us our selfishness, our foolish expenditures of money, our 
wastefulness, all the un-Christian features of the way we 
in bountiful America use Thy bounties; and then because 
Thou dost touch our hearts, help each one of us as stewards 
of Thine to know what Thy will is. 

Strip us, we pray Thee, of our selfishness, and lead 
us to deeper devotion to Thee through Christ, our Lord, 
who gave his life that we might live. Amen. 


——— 


FORUMS 


SYLLABI OF FORUMS ON TYPES OF CHRISTIAN 
SERVICE THROUGHOUT THE WORLD 


The possibilities for life investment in the various types of Christian 
service abroad were presented by experienced workers. Time was given for 
questions and discussions from the floor. Where possible, consideration was 
given to Christian service both within and without organized Christian agencies, 
but in each forum opportunities in connection with the missionary agencies of 
the Church received particular attention. The syllabi suggest the range and 
scope of the various forums, though they are not exhaustive. 


RURAL EVANGELISTIC WORK (MEN)—Rev. A. E. Armstrone, 
presiding: Proportion of populations in rural areas—Danger of under em- 
phasis due to growth of institutions—Importance as source of leaders—Varie- 
ties of approach—Evangelistic bands—Team work as a means of developing 
native leaders—Following up direct evangelism—Integration of evangelism with, 
literary, medical and educational work. 


RURAL EVANGELISTIC WORK (WOMEN)—Mrs. H. R. STEELE, 
presiding: The use of mass meetings—Opportunities for evangelistic tours— 
Teaching classes of women—Training of Bible women for rural evangelistic 
work—The organization and superintendence of village Sunday schools—Co- 


_ operation with other workers in rural fields. 


CITY EVANGELISTIC WORK (MEN)—Dr. A. L. Warnsuults, 
presiding: Increase in urban population because of commercial and industrial 
expansion—Resulting complexity and instability of the social composition de- 
mand wide variety of method and personnel for effective evangelizations— 
Relative accessibility of different groups, as students and laborers—Importance 
of combining “religious” with “social,” “educational” and personal service 
approach—City-wide planning denominationally and interdenominationally— 
Intensive, long-term evangelism by Bible study groups, hostels, and enlisting 
of seekers in unselfish service. 


CITY EVANGELISTIC WORK (WOMEN)—HEteEn B, Catoner, pre- 
siding: The relation of the evangelistic woman missionary to the work of 
the city church and Sunday school—Opportunities afforded in girls’ schools— 

277 


278 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


Cooperation with medical work in hospital, home, and with nurses—Possibility 
of reaching the well-born, well-educated non-Christian women—Recruiting and 
training native women evangelistic workers. 


MEDICAL WORK (MEN)—Dkr. E. M. Dopp, presiding: The profes- 
sional and other training most necessary for a man going into the average 
kind of general medical missionary work—Types of work being done on the 
field—The more highly specialized types of work, such as medical education, 


and public health—The problems of team work, emphasis and constructive 
outreach. i 


MEDICAL WORK (WOMEN)—Dr. Mary McDanrtt, presiding: 
The perculiar opportunities, responsibilities and problems of the woman mis- 
sionary doctor, including such types of work as itinerating, dispensary, hos- 
pital, medical school, and community work—Subjects in which women medical 
students should specialize—Need for women medical missionaries—Readiness 
of the Boards to send them out. 


NURSING AND TRAINING NURSES—Mrs. Mizrton T. STAUFFER, 
presiding: The demand and opportunities for nurses—Training that should be 
taken—The specializing most advised—Scope and relationships of their work— 
Choice as between the study of medicine and nursing—The multiplication of 
themselves by the training of native nurses. 


ELEMENTARY EDUCATION—Proressor Oscar Buck, presiding: 
Discovery and teaching the essentials that every citizen in the given country 
should know (health, command of fundamental processes, worthy home mem- 
bership, vocation, citizenship, worthy use of leisure, ethical character )—Vital 
relation with local needs—Influence on the community—Contribution to the 


government system of education—Supervision and Administration—Teacher 
Training. 


SECONDARY AND HIGHER EDUCATION (MEN)—PRroreEssor 
Lucius Porter, presiding: Necessity of evolving an education suited to a 
given people—Dangers in mere imitation of Western models—Constituencies 
on which education should concentrate—Maintenance of adequate standards— 
The distinctive contributions of Christian schools in an educational system— 
Desirability of cooperation and union in missionary educational work with ex- 
amples—Relation to national systems. 


SECONDARY AND HIGHER EDUCATION (WOMEN)—Mar- 
GARET Burton, presiding: Types of education most needed—The kind of 
preparation advisable—Plans of higher education (separate, coeducational )— 
Circumstances rendering different types of education desirable for women— 
Opportunities for pioneering and experimentation under Christian auspices. 


FORUMS 279 


TEACHING SPECIFIC SUBJECTS—Dr. T. H. P. Sater, presiding: 
The place for teachers highly trained in one specialty—Subjects most 
needed in various fields—Degree of scholarship required—What besides scholar- 
ship—Danger of specialist attitude—Religious education. 


COMPREHENSIVE AND COMPARATIVE PRESENTATION OF 
THE VARIOUS TYPES OF EDUCATIONAL WORK IN DIFFERENT 
LANDS—Proressor E. D. Soper, presiding: This forum was intended for 
those whose interest is in education, but whose knowledge and special interest 
had not yet prepared them to make a choice between the preceding specialized 
educational forums. A more general treatment of all types of educational 
work was given. Since the most pressing educational needs differ in different 
lands, a rapid survey was made to show what are the distinctive national needs. 


AGRICULTURE—Reyv. T. S. DonouuacH, presiding: Problems of agri- 
culture in other lands—Growing importance of agricultural missions—How the 
general missionary may help—Agriculture in primary, vocational and middle 
schools—Experimental farms and demonstration centers—Agricultural colleges 
or departments of universities—Relation to other phases of the missionary en- 
terprise—Necesssary qualifications and training for agricultural missionaries. 


INDUSTRIAL TRAINING AND ENTERPRISE—Proressor J. C. 
ARCHER, presiding: Opportunities for Christian service open to Western 
engineers and representatives of Western industrial enterprises—Why the mis- 
sionary forces must deal with industrial problems—Relation to new educational 
programs of India, China and Africa—Large business enterprises—New indus- 
trial era advancing in Orient—Relation of industrial work to other forms of 
Christian service. 


LITERARY WORK—Dkr. J. L. Murray, presiding: Opportunities for 
Christian service by professional journalists and correspondents—Evidence of 
good work done by them—Reducing languages to writing—Bible translation 
and revision—Forms of Christian and general literature needed in various 
fields and for various types of people—Selection and training of foreign and 
indigenous writers—The Bible, Tract and Christian Literature Societies—Pub- 
lication and distribution—Work and influence of the great mission presses— 
Christian periodicals and newspapers—Use of paid space in the press for 
evangelism. 


Y.M.C.A. WORK—Franxk Stack, presiding: How similar and how 
different from work in America—Emphasis on native leadership with conse- 
quent expectation of working with or under nationals—Opportunities for spe- 
cialized service among boys, students and commercial, agricultural and indus- 
trial groups—Coordination of Association with Church and mission—Place of 
the Association in city-wide Christian strategy—Interdenominational service— 
Ministering to needs of Occidental residents and travelers. 


280 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


Y.W.C.A. WORK—Sarau S. Lyon, presiding: Organizing and devel- 
oping Associations—The part of the whole Christian task for which other 
mission bodies have asked the Association to be responsible—Groups of women 
to whom its: work is especially adapted—Its fourfold program—Training and 
qualifications of the American secretary in view of the way women nationals 
are rapidly assuming full responsibility for the Association’s policies, program 
and support. 


SOCIAL AND COMMUNITY SERVICE—Dr. D. J. FLEMING, pre- 
siding: The relative opportunities for specialization in social and community 
service within and without mission service—Opportunities for social work in 
connection with general appointments—lInstitutional churches—Welfare direc- 
torates in factories—Social surveys of cities and larger areas—Schools as 
community centers—Social service in colleges—Adult education. 


WORK INVOLVING BUSINESS AND TECHNICAL SKILL 
(MEN)—E. C. Carter, presiding: Accountants and business agents of mis- 
sions—Architects—Builders—Printers and press managers—Engineers—Com- 
mercial and industrial representatives. 


WORK INVOLVING BUSINESS AND TECHNICAL SKILL 
(WOMEN)—Awnn T. Ren, presiding: Extent and variety of opportunities 
open to women—Stenographers—Private secretaries—Organizers and heads of 
offices—Training of others. 


GOVERNMENT SERVICE—GatEN M. Fisuer, presiding: The grow- 
ing variety of government service abroad—Assumed by other nations to be | 
representatives of the best ideals of U.S.A. and Canada—Opportunities to 
help or hinder missionary enterprise—Influence upon right understanding be- 
tween races and nations, upon preventing un-Christian legislation and conduct 
by home government and people—Government servants who have been positive 
exemplars of Christian ideals. 


OPPORTUNITIES FOR MARRIED WOMEN WITHIN AND 
WITHOUT THE HOME—Mrkrs. C. K. Roys, presiding: Influence of a © 
Christian home—Opportunities for Christian service in the homes of native 
neighbors, in the church, in schools, through writing, etc. 


DEVELOPING AND DEEPENING THE INTEREST AT HOME 
IN FOREIGN MISSIONS—Dr. Ratpn Warp, presiding: The deterrent 
effect on missions of non-Christian elements in North America—Removal of 
provincialism—Support of the financial and educational programs of the 
churches on the part of students and recent graduates. 


EXTRACTS FROM ADDRESSES DELIVERED IN THE 
FORUMS 


NEGLECT OF COUNTRY DISTRICTS 


Mr. S. T. Wen, Commissioner of Foreign Affairs at Nanking, 
who spent over a month negotiating with the bandits over the Lincheng 
affair, gives it as his profound conviction that the outbreak of banditry 
in that region is a natural and inevitable result of the extreme poverty 
and terrible ignorance of the people. Mr. Wen appeals to the 
Christian forces for a widespread development of rural evangelization 
and popular education, and raises the suggestive question as to 
whether the present emphasis of missionary and church activity is 
not. directed too exclusively to the cities and large centres, to the 
neglect of these vast country districts——Extract from Honan Mes- 
senger, December, 1923—quoted by A. E. Armstrong, Secretary of 
Board of Foreign Missions, Presbyterian Church in Canada. 


EVANGELISM IN WESTERN INDIA 
A. R. Bryan, Kodoli via Kolhapur, Western India 


To most of you, the “rural work” in Western India means very 
little. It is hardly a title to attract crowds. Still we hope that some 
of you may eventually find yourselves in the villages of India. At 
any rate, we want you to know how real and vital the work is. To 
this end we bring you three sketches: one, of our Western Indian 
countryside; one of our methods of telling and teaching the “Good 
News”; and, finally, a sketch of our missionary life and spirit. 

For us the centre of the countryside is not the “capital” of the 
state, or district. It is a little village of some four thousand souls, 
situated twenty miles from the railroad, and composed of mud and 
stone-walled houses, with red-tiled or grass-thatched roofs. Being 
so much like the color of the earth, such a village would present a 
difficult mark for an aeroplane marksman, blending as it does so per- 
fectly with the country landscape. On the edge of the village is the 
“mission compound,” surrounded partly by a neat wire fence, partly 

281 


282 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


by a clipped hedge of the rank prickly pear cactus, showing just 
where our finances ran low, so far as fence building is concerned. 
On the compound are two white plastered bungalows, with red-tiled 
roofs, and vines and shrubs about them. Inside is home. School, 
kindergarten and Indian workers’ homes cluster about. Christian 
songs, happy faces, and kindly manners make this mission compound 
a refreshing place. 

Out from the bungalow, after a taste of tea and toast, we start 
on a bicycle, with a water bottle or canteen over one shoulder, and 
a knapsack of sandwiches over the other. The red disk of the sun 
is just peeping above the mango and banyan trees on the far eastern 
horizon. Though it is barely six o’clock, the people are up and out 
to draw water, or wait for the warm rays of the sun, in the chill 
morning air. Just outside the village the twisting path bends sharply 
down to a little watercourse. We dismount, stoop to remove our 
shoes and socks, hoist the bicycle to shoulder and wade through the 
clear sparkling water, while a green flash in the trees and a raucous 
cry tell of the presence of the parakeet, and the crashing of a branch 
over the arching lanes reveals a troop of large monkeys on their way 
back to the mango trees after their early morning visit to the brook. 
Finding a smooth beaten trail by the little watercourse, we mount 
the bicycle and wind along under beautiful trees, past flowering 
shrubs and green fields of sugar cane, wheat and millet, until the mud 
walls and the thatched roofs of the next village appear. | 

The pariah dogs, the yellow curs of India, announce our arrival. 
We find a little group of men crouched down in the morning sun, 
with black wool blankets wrapped around them, passing a stemless 
pipe of tobacco among themselves, and each drawing on it in turn. 
A cheery Christian hymn wakes them up, some of them keeping time 
with their heads as the tunes they love are sung. They listen atten- 
tively as we tell them the “Good News” and try to make it live before 
their eyes, dressing it in terms of the field, the harvest, the birds of 
the heavens, the grass of the meadows, all of which lie out before their 
eyes as they sit in front of their little cluster of thatched huts. As we 
talk, we understand how Christ used so many countryside illustra- 
tions, and we know that if His Spirit only awakens the hearts of our 
little group they can understand perfectly even some of the depths 
of His teaching. 

The scene changes. Behind three or four bullock carts, piled 
high with tents, boxes and general camp furniture, we trudge along. 
The winter’s touring season has come. In the distance is a beautiful 
grove of mango trees, with their sweet odor, for it is’ blossoming 


FORUMS 283 


time. Water from a well is near by; permission is gained from a 
friendly farmer, and soon the tents with their white canvas gleaming 
in the sun are up, and a curious crowd of men and boys gather to 
see how the white man and these Christian countrymen of theirs live. 

Dusk is falling. The moon is already high in the sky, casting 
a beautiful silvery light over the fields and trees. Under a dense 
tree a curtain is stretched, to shade it from the moonlight. A stere- 
opticon lantern-is set up, and soon the “Life of Christ” in beautiful 
colored pictures is being made real to the simple country folk. 

The next. morning, as we set out from the camp, a country lad 
joins us on the narrow path, to ask more about this new “Guru” or 
Master of Whom we are telling. He knows about gods, who send 
plague and cholera and smallpox and leprosy, who have to be con- 
stantly placated and appeased with offerings and pilgrimages. But 
he wonders when he hears about a Savior who came to offer Him- 
self because He loved men so. He sees that our Indian Christians 
are not afraid of the spirits that inhabit every tree, well and stone 
for him. They have a happy, almost carefree manner. They go 
about fearlessly at night, never trembling lest some demon overtake 
them. He sees that they are kind to their wives, and do not beat 
them, as his father beats his mother, and as his sisters are beaten 
by their husbands. ‘How can I find this Jesus?” 

When we go back a year later, the lad has been taught. He 
knows that the idols of his parents and friends are the work of 
men’s hands. He has given them up. As he stands to confess his 
faith in his new Savior, Jesus, he breaks the necklace of carved 
bamboo beads from his neck, the sign of his enslavement to the “god 
of the brick,” and gives it to us, saying that he is now bound to 
Jesus Christ, and he can wear no idol token. Formerly our lad was 
a singer of vulgar songs, well known throughout the villages. Now 
he goes about singing the love and happiness that Christ gives, and 
the people gather to hear and wonder and enquire themselves. 

Such is the work. What of the workers? In that mission 
station in the two bungalows are seven missionaries. It is Thanks- 
giving, and we are all gathered to celebrate, not with a turkey, but 
with our substitute, a young peacock, shot from a neighboring field. 
There is real joy and companionship, with much to tell one another 
of the work of the past week. We know each other very well. We 
know one another’s faults, yet we are happy to be together, and life 
seems very full. Similarly, with our Indian preachers, teachers and 
other workers, we are much in contact. When on a tour and living 
in tents, we sometimes are with them constantly for several months, 


284 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


with no other society. Yet, because we all have a message, and all 
know the joy of service, we do not miss the wider companionships, 
or rather do not think of them. The companionships, both Indian 
and missionary, are among our most precious gifts from the King 
in Whose service we rejoice to be, cre hope also to see some of you 
some day. 


RURAL EVANGELISTIC WORK IN CHINA 
Peter Matson, Siangyang, China 


Rural evangelistic work in China means the evangelistic work 
among eighty to eighty-five per cent of the total population of the 
country. As compared with the city population the people in the 
country are more simple-minded and religious, so offer a more prom- 
ising field for missionary efforts. 

The methods of evangelism necessarily vary in different districts 
and in different stages of the work. No hard and fast rule can be 
laid down. The first problem is to establish points of contact. In 
the early days this was no easy matter, for there was so > much preju- 
dice and suspicion to overcome. 

In most places we begin with itinerary work—that is, the mis- 
sionary goes either alone or preferably in company with Chinese 
fellow workers from place to place preaching the gospel. The usual 
thing is to have with you a supply of gospels and tracts which are 
sold at a nominal price. With these books in his hands the missionary 
finds no difficulty in getting into conversation with the people. Every- 
where in China there are lots of people who seem to have nothing 
to do, and given a fair knowledge of the language the foreign mes- 
sengers seldom lack an audience. Of course, we do not preach only, 
but try to get into more personal touch with people and to point them 
to places where at stated times they can receive further instruction. 

At this stage of the work there are two things I would especially 
emphasize. One is that these visits to country districts should not 
be undertaken at random. In order to accomplish something worth 
while and permanent, the same places and the same persons must be 
visited again and again, and as regularly as possible. Better to work 
a smaller district thoroughly than to spread out over such a wide 
area as to make it impossible to follow up the efforts made. To make 
the message of salvation intelligible to ignorant Chinese means a 
great deal more than preaching here in America where people have 
grown up under Christian influences, 


FORUMS 285 


The other thing I would emphasize is the fact that you need to 
guard against unprincipled persons who seek to get into relationship 
with you in order that they may be able to use your name and influ- 
ence for private ends. “Into whatsoever city or village ye shall 
enter, search out who in it is worthy.” In most places you will find 
men of good reputation who take an interest in the moral welfare 
of the place. These people we should make special efforts to win. 
If we cannot win them for Christ, we ought at least do our very 
best to win their friendship. 

Another very useful method of work is to have several Chinese 
fellow workers with you and hold a series of meetings of several 
days’ duration in each center. The Christians in the neighborhood 
should be urged to take part by inviting friends to the meetings, and 
by giving them testimonies. Between sessions homes may be visited, 
both Christian and non-Christian. The meetings are usually an- 
nounced by placards posted in conspicuous places and by flags and 
bulletins at the meeting house. Songs are written out on large scrolls 
and a great deal of singing is introduced. Lengthy discourses are 
avoided. Brief addresses and testimonies are given. 

In places where no suitable meeting house is to be found the 
tent has been used with a great measure of success. In fact, there 
are districts where the tent meeting is an established institution, the 
missionary with a number of Chinese workers going with the tent 
from one center to another conducting evangelistic meetings for a 
week or a fortnight in each place. 

This leads me to a third method of work which is to organize 
the interested parties into classes where they are taught to read and 
are given further Christian instruction. These classes are usually in 
charge of Chinese evangelists. It is tedious work, and you have to 
teach them line upon line; but if you want to achieve results you 
must lead them on and make it seem worth while for them or they 
will lose interest and drop out. 

By the time the missionary has arrived at this stage he discovers 
that the direct evangelistic work can be done more effectively by 
faithful Chinese fellow workers. The most fruitful and most 
effective way of evangelizing the rural districts is to train a group of 
good Chinese evangelists and place them in strategic centers in the 
district. The main work, then, of the missionary is to visit these 
centers regularly, hold special meetings, and encourage and advise 
the evangelists. Further, once or twice every year the Chinese work- 
ers in the district will be invited to the head station for a few weeks 
of Bible study and meetings for the deepening of the spiritual life, 


286 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


thus keeping them fresh and better fitted to fulfil their ministry as 
evangelists in the outlying districts. 

The attitude of the missionary toward the Chinese fellow work- 
ers and the people should be one of sympathy and helpfulness. The 
spirit of nationalism is strong in these days, and we need to be very 
careful lest we assume an air of superiority and thus shut the doors 
against ourselves. Don’t let your first approach be that of a critic. 
Seek the good points in their customs and religions, and begin your 
approach with some commendation. You will find temples and re- 
ligious observances everywhere, showing the universal religious need 
of the human heart. Make that your starting-point. 

Another thing of the utmost importance is that we do everything 
in our power to counteract the tendency of so many Chinese fellow 
workers to regard the missionary work as a Western enterprise which 
they are serving for so much pay per month. In all our efforts we 
need to make clear that the work is really their business more than 
ours, and that we are merely helping them until the time when they 
shall be able to carry on the work without our aid. 

As to our message I would say this, that we let Jesus Christ, 
who was delivered up for our trespasses and was raised for our 
justification, be central in all our preaching. We cannot emphasize 
too much the fact that it is not merely a system of new rules or new 
doctrines we bring them, but a new life, the one living and true 
Saviour. 


PREACHING IN THE VILLAGES OF ARABIA 
G. D. Van Peursem, Maskat, Arabia 


Family life in a farming community of Arabia is very different 
from what it is in America. Here a family consists of a man, his 
wife and his children. In Arabia a family consists of a man with 
all his wives and their children; his sons with their wives and their 
children. All live under one roof and all contribute to the family 
support. Then, too, these families are not isolated and alone like 
families in North Dakota. They are grouped together in little villages 
which constitute the community-center. : 

In the Arabian Mission every missionary is expected to tour 
among the villages at least six weeks each year. The first essential 
for the missionary working in rural districts is that he be well liked. 
Without some degree of popularity it is next to impossible to influ- 
ence these simple people in the right way. The missionary must be 
all things to all men. He should try to be efficient in everything to 


FORUMS 287 


which he puts his hands. There is nothing he has ever learned that 
will not be of use to him at some time or other. He carries a stock 
of harmless medicines with him, and the people look upon him as the 
foreign doctor. Our American ministers did the same in the West 
in pioneer days. He carries his tooth forceps with him and becomes 
the village dentist. In fact, the more things he can do, the more 
popular he becomes, and the Arabs call him “Shataan,’ meaning 
“Satan’’ literally, but when applied in this sense, meaning “clever.” 

In Arabia rural work is still very primitive and the missionary 
must do much of it himself since there is no native church and few 
native Christians to fall back upon. It is best to visit each village 
weekly. The people should know when the missionary is expected 
so they may arrange to see and meet him. The children will look 
forward to his coming and will bring their mothers to see this strange 
man from America. They will want to see some new pricture he has 
brought or listen to some new story he has to tell. The men will 
congregate to ask the foreigner many questions about foreign govern- 
ments. The phonograph has become a great attraction in certain 
parts of Arabia, though in many places we are still forbidden to use 
one. Lantern slides are also very effective in bringing people together. 
The singing of a Christian hymn, often to some native air, brings 
people together like magic around the missionary. 

When the crowd has gathered and the right moment has arrived, 
the Christian message is given. This is always of a positive nature, 
with no uncertain sound for the ears of these ignorant village people. 
The man who speaks knows the truth and there is no need for dis- 
cussion or apology. The illiterate villager knows little of the Moham- 
medan objections to Christianity, so the missionary does not hold 
these up like so many straw men in order to knock them down again. 
Portions of Scripture are sold or given away. In every case, the 
one who purchases or receives a copy of the Gospels is reminded 
that he holds God’s very words in his hands. The most important 
passages are held up before the Arab so that he, himself, can turn to 
them easily when alone. 

When itinerating in Arabia the missionary usually finds enter- 
tainment in the house of a friendly Arab. The local sheik generally 
acts as host. It is very necessary to keep on good terms with him, 
for it is always in his power to prevent the frequent visits of the 
missionary. If not known to the sheik, a letter of introduction usually 
opens the door to lavish Arab hospitality. If the missionary sets up 
his own quarters in the town, he is independent and can entertain all 
classes alike and incidentally preach the Gospel. This is next to 


288 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


impossible in the house of a sheik. The missionary must be liberal 
in offering things to eat and drink, for the Arab will not forget a 
kindness in this respect. 

Humility is a cardinal virtue among the Arabs and they vie with 
one another in showing it. There is no man anywhere who enjoys 
flattery as much as the Arab, but in the face of praise and honor from 
others he continutes to call himself “Hakeer’”—the despised one— 
even though he would resent being so spoken of by others. The 
missionary, therefore, watches for these Arab traits, and as far as 
Christian practice and honesty permit becomes all things to all men. 

It is noteworthy that from these villages the best Christian 
workers come ‘and the closest friendships are made. It is my honest 
conviction that the evangelization of Arabia must extend from the 
villages into the cities rather than from the cities into the country, 
remembering the words of the Master: “I thank Thee, Father of 
heaven and earth, that Thou hast kept these things from the wise 
and the prudent and hast revealed them unto babes.” 


OPPORTUNITIES FOR EVANGELISTIC TOURS 


AGNES THONSTAD, Juning, Honan, China 


I might mention, first of all, the opportunity which comes at 
the time of the spring offerings to the heathen gods. These idol 
worshippers—often coming great distances and in large numbers— 
are mostly country women, seeking peace for their souls. Before 
going home they frequently stop at the mission station, where the 
Gospel is presented to them earnestly and simply. Some of them 
receive and believe at once; others receive only imperfect impressions. 
The very fact, however, that they come to our station and visit us 
opens the door of their homes later on, when we tour the rural 
districts whence they have come. On one tour some women recog- 
nized me and turning to their neighbors said, “She spoke to me last 
spring ; I drank tea at her place; I have studied the tract she gave me.” 

Great opportunities to present the Gospel are also given at 
theatricals and country fairs. In order that the evangelistic meetings 
at these places may be a success, it is generally necessary to have a 
large tent, a good supply of Gospel portions and tracts and a large 
group of Spirit-filled workers. These evangelistic bands have the 
opportunity of making any out-station or country market place their 
headquarters. From such a center they go out, two by two, into all 
the surrounding villages. Special efforts are made to locate the 


FORUMS 289 


homes of Christians and inquirers, as well as the homes of students 
in our mission schools. 

Opportunities are pressing on every hand. The country is open. 
The people are eager to hear. With very few exceptions we are 
welcomed wherever we go. What we need are young men and women 
filled with a love for Christ and a passion for souls, obeying the 
command of the Lord, when he said, “Go ye, therefore, and make 
disciples of all the nations.” 


CLASSES FOR WOMEN IN THE COUNTRY FIELD 
Miss Mary McC ture, Fenchow, Shansi, China 


Fenchow is one of two American Board stations in the Province 
of Shansi in northwest China. The territory for which our Fen- 
chow church is responsible is 40,000 square miles. Does this mean 
much to you, I wonder? Figures so seldom do! Will it mean more if 
I tell you that this is more than eight times the size of the State of 
Massachusetts, or about as large as the State of Ohio? In this field 
there are now one hundred and fifty churches, with resident pastors, 
and radiating out from each church as a center are many “preaching 
places,” where there are small isolated groups of Christians, whom 
the pastor visits regularly on his itinerating trips. My work is to 
itinerate among these country churches, holding classes for the women, 
seeking out those who might best profit by the more intensive Bible 
training course in Fenchow, and trying to train these women in the 
principles of the Christian religion, and to bring them into vital, 
living contact with the Master, who came that they “might have Life, 
and that they might have it more abundantly.” 

It will give you some idea of the immensity of our task when 
I tell you that today among the thousands of church members in this 
great field the proportion of men to women in 95 to 5. This means 
that only five men out of every hundred can have Christian homes, 
and can hope to have their children brought up in the knowledge of 
Him who is “the Way, the Truth and the Light.” Isn’t that a chal- 
lenge to those of you who have your preparation nearly completed, 
and are looking for something which offers you the biggest possible 
opportunity for service? 

I want to draw for you now as briefly as I can a picture of one 
of these classes or “station classes,” as we sometimes call them, for 
the women. Word is sent out in advance as to the exact date of our 


290 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


coming, and all during that last long day on the trail—for we travel 
on pack animals, you know, over those narrow mountain trails—my 
thoughts are with the women who that day are completing their 
arrangements for a ten days’ absence from home, and are starting 
on their way over the trails, on donkey back and on foot, all eagerly 
anticipating the priceless opportunity which is to be theirs for the 
next few days. And that night, in the flickering shadows of the dim 
little oil light in the chapel, we gather for our first evening vesper 
service together. 

The next morning at daybreak our big family is astir. Mothers 
and babies are washed and dressed—the littlest ones are always too 
little to be left at home—breakfast is eaten, and bowls and chopsticks 
put back in place, rooms and courtyards are swept before the call 
comes for the women to enter the little chapel for their first class. 
Not one of them has ever had an opportunity to go to school before, 
and not one of them can recognize a character in the books which 
we hand them as they enter. This is their first opportunity to explore 
the unknown realm of books. 

First comes a class in the National Phonetic, that boon of the 
great illiterate masses in China. This is followed by one in hymn- 
ology, the memorizing and singing of some of the more popular 
hymns. Then there is just time for a class in hygiene and the care 
of children before the little noonday prayer service. This prayer 
service is the time of all others during our ten days together when 
we come closest to each other and the Master, as we seek to learn 
more of Him, and of His wonderful Way of Living. 

In the afternoon another class in the phonetic, one in memoriz- 
ing the Lord’s Prayer and other selected portions of Scripture, a 
class of Bible Story telling, followed by a play hour in the courtyard, 
and the first strenuous day is over, except for the evening prayer 
service at “lamp-lighting time,” when the fine young pastor begins | 
his series of simple, straightforward, helpful talks on “What it means 
to be a Christian.” 

This, then, is just a glimpse of what we are trying to do for 
these fine, intelligent, but sadly neglected Chinese sisters of ours, 
women whose lives for generations have been bounded by the four 
walls of their own courtyards, so that their whole life has been 
dwarfed and warped as their feet have been by that terrible custom 
of foot-binding. 

We are seeing new visions during these convention days; our 
horizons are broadening; values are changing, and our sense of con- 
secration is deepening. Never again will we be able to slip back into 


FORUMS 291 


the old easy way of living; into the old ways of thoughtless extrava- 
gance. Twenty-five dollars will give some bright-eyed, eager little 
Chinese sister the opportunity for a whole year in school! Never 
again, I hope, will we be able to spend on a single party or dance 
money enough to give four or five of these sisters of ours on the 
other side of the world their “fair chance at all good things.” Oh, 
that we might all be able to catch during these days on the mountain- 
top “The vision of a civilization in which all men in all nations shall 
wish for every man in every nation such a fair chance at all good 
things as a man would wish his brother to have.” 


CLASSES FOR WOMEN 


Much individual teaching is done by Bible women and mission- 
aries, but a class saves time. Because the women are timid before 
men and embarrassed by their presence, these classes are always 
taught by women. Most men know how to read a little, and from 
the beginning this automatically puts men and women in different 
classes. Differences in their early training also give men and women 
different points of view, and the experiences to which one can appeal 
in teaching are therefore so different for men and women that sepa- 
rate classes offer distinct advantages. Most women are not used to 
study, and many have been taught that girls and women cannot learn. 
Someone must therefore urge, encourage and help them. Even 
though they feel surer of themselves after the first year, the fact 
that each new course is a little harder than the one just completed 
makes the class group necessary and most advantageous. A class in 
a church or circuit helps the women to overcome inertia and procras- 
tination, two of the great enemies of progress. For this reason there 
should be one class each year within easy reach of each woman. This 
is often impossible because of lack of workers. 

There should be graded courses of study to be pursued from 
year to year; also outlines or questions to provoke thought and aid 
in understanding the text. The Bible study should be supplemented 
by studies in sanitation, hygiene, cause and prevention of contagious 
diseases, music, organized play, etc. 

Very little can be accomplished in less than four or five days, 
and it is often difficult to spend more than two weeks in continuous 
class work. The aim of the class should be to promote individual 
Bible study and to start church members on courses of study which 
they can pursue in their respective homes and churches. Examina- 
tions according to the grade of the students and fitting in with the 


292 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


method of the teacher are beneficial. Certificates of work done, pre- 
sented with a suitable program in open meeting, bring satisfaction 
to the students and help forward the progress of the church in the 
community. 

The evenings, when the classes are in session, are generally 
devoted to open evangelistic meetings. A campaign urging Chris- 
tians and non-Christians to attend is carried on before the class begins 
and continues until it closes. 


TRAINING BIBLE WOMEN FOR RURAL EVANGELISTIC WORK 
Mary Cutter Wuite, Soochow, China 


“The Evangelization of the World in this Generation” will not 
be accomplished unless the gospel is taken into the rural districts of 
the non-Christian lands and there preached in such a way that coun- 
try women, as well as men, can understand. This can never be 
accomplished if the heralds of the Gospel are all of the male sex, for 
the men will preach over the country women’s heads. They aim at 
reaching the most intelligent persons in their audiences, and conse- 
quently the women, wholly untrained in the art of concentration, get 
little or nothing. This is where the Bible Woman gets her job. She 
holds meetings for women and makes her message so simple that 
even a woman with a crying baby can learn a little between the baby’s 
paroxysmal wails.. And best of all, she vists in the homes where 
there is sickness and sorrow and by her kindness there makes new 
friends for the gospel. 

To train Christian women of every race for such a ministry as 
this is the work of the Bible School on the mission field. These 
schools may be roughly divided into three groups: 

1. The Bible school of lowest grade admits middle-aged women 
who have had no educational advantages; leads them to know Christ - 
as their Savior; teaches them the Bible; gives them such other train- 
ing as they are capable of receiving and sends them out on a ministry 
of love to their weaker sisters. Schools of as low a type as this are 
unknown in mission lands where the government makes education 
compulsory. 

2. The Bible school of medium grade admits Christian women 
who have come to maturity, and have only a few years of education 
to their credit. It trains these women in all the elementary school 
branches, gives them a good knowledge of the Bible and sends them 
out after four or five years as graduate Bible women. These women 


FORUMS 293 


have the equivalent of elementary school education and a practical 
knowledge of how to do Christian work. Such women, if old enough, 
are usually stationed in country districts in connection with some 
organized church. That church becomes a center from which the 
Bible Woman pushes out into unevangelized territory. 

3. The Bible School of highest grade is a well-equipped institu- 
tion, not greatly different from the training schools of North America. 
It has strict entrance requirements, admitting only high school or 
college graduates of high moral character and ripe Christian experi- 
ence. It gives a standard course of two or three years, with special 
emphasis on the Bible, psychology, sociology, and other regular train- 
ing school subjects. The students who graduate from Bible Schools 
of this type are younger than the average Bible Woman and are 
often called by some other title such as evangelistic worker, deaconess 
or social service secretary. These young women have the advantage 
of having had their mental powers trained from childhood and they 
readily become strong Christian leaders. When assigned to work 
with missionaries, it is as their co-workers and not as their “helpers.” 
Thus the wise missionary will be willing to lead from behind and will 
often have the joy of seeing her young sister of the native church 
take over the duties which, it was formerly thought, only a missionary 
could perform. 


KIND OF EVANGELISTIC TEACHERS NEEDED 
Mrs. F. B. Watson, Careysburg, Liberia, West Africa. 


Since many of the women in rural districts are well educated, 
only consecrated, well-trained women teachers should be sent to con- 
duct the Bible classes. Superficial training in this age of efficiency 
will fit no one for leadership. Not only should these teachers be 
college or university graduates but they should have training along 
some special lines, and also be practical, all-around women. They 
should be thoroughly saturated with the subjects they are to teach, 
and should know how to impart properly the knowledge they. have to 
give on any subject. They should have contagious enthusiasm, and 
should know how to make the facts live before the eyes of their 
students. 

By all means, they should have a large amount of the “Royal 
Three G’s,” Grace, Grit and Gumption. They should be filled with 
the Grace of God, live the prayer life, and be highly spiritual. Grit 


2904 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


is another name for perseverance. By all means, hold to God’s un- 
changing hand and there will be no room in your vocabulary for such 
words as discouragement, failure or disappointment. Many have 
failed for lack of perseverance. Gumption years ago was called by 
your parents “good, common horse-sense.”’ This is a very necessary 
asset, since the teacher will meet all classes of people in rural dis- 
tricts with their problems and imaginary needs. 


JUNIOR SUNDAY SCHOOLS 
KATHARINE R, GREEN, Fukien, China 


In my part of China our Junior Sunday Schools usually occur 
on a week day. They are really Monday schools, Wednesday schools, 
or Friday schools and are called Children’s Bible story meetings in- 
stead of Sunday schools. 

One of our old Chinese pastors, in speaking of leading women 
to Jesus, once used this apt illustration. There are no sheep in our 
part of China, so the sheep in the Bible are changed into goats and 
we calmly sing about Jesus’ Little Kid. ‘‘Well,” said the old man, 
“if I wish to lead a strange mother goat, it is in vain that I tug at 
a rope fastened about her neck, neither does she respond gracefully 
to a switch. Instead of using these methods, I pick up in my arms 
her baby kid and as the kid utters his ‘meh-meh’ cry, she meekly | 
follows.” 

So in our Bible story meetings we reach many mothers by reach- 
ing the children. The hymns, short prayers, and simple Bible stories, 
illustrated by the large colored Bible pictures, suit the simple under- 
standings of children very well; and we always welcome the generous 
fringe of elders who listen eagerly to the stories told to their babies. 

The meetings usually are held in a Christian home, where our ~ 
hostess gladly makes herself responsible for borrowing the required 
number of benches and inviting the children. Sometimes, however, 
an ancestral hall is loaned to us. We always have in mind the train- 
ing of our Chinese young woman assistant, and so leave the whole 
management as much as possible in her hands. Simple hymns which 
teach the Christian truths are very popular with the children, and 
they remember the lessons taught by them. 

The Bible story of the previous week is recalled by the children 
. when the review picture is shown, and later a new picture illustrates 
a new story. After some more hymns, questions help the children 


FORUMS 295 


to retell portions of the new story and, at the last, picture cards on 
the new lesson are distributed to each child. 

I have known children to be able to attach the proper story to 
these pictures after a lapse of a couple of months. So we see that 
in some cases at least the junior Sunday school has been effective. 


COOPERATION WITH OTHER WORKERS IN RURAL FIELDS 
Etta N. Rupy, Wuchow, South China 


First, there is the cooperation with other missionaries. 

Then, cooperation on the part of the new missionary with the 
older workers on the field, who know by experience what the younger 
missionaries do not know. 

Lastly, there is cooperation with the native worker. We are 
guests in foreign lands; this we must never forget. We are not even 
invited guests. We come unannounced and often are not welcome. 
It is well, therefore, quietly to live the love-life of Jesus, and where 
it is possible, to dress like those we go to serve and live like them as 
nearly as possible. Often I hear the people say, when they see my 
Bible woman and myself together, “How much like her mother the 
daughter is.” 

It is goy to go forth thus into His service, and I can wish you no 
greater happiness than I have had. 


CITY EVANGELISM—SUMMARY OF OPENING STATEMENT 
A. L. Warnsuuts, Secretary, International Missionary Council, London 


We need not spend much time in trying to describe the cities in 
Asia, Africa or Latin America. These are all that cities are in North 
America. They are not a new feature in the field of foreign missions. 
Many of them are arftcient cities that have been centers of influence 
for ten or twenty centuries. In them have gathered the more intelli- 
gent and more progressive people out of a nation advancing in eco- 
nomic strength. These cities include the capitals of government, the 
seats of universities and the great centers of commerce. From these 
cities there have gone out into the countries in which they are located 
the forces and influences that have moved the people politically, intel- 
lectually, commercially and sometimes spiritually. The influences 
have been both good and bad. Somebody has said, “Twenty-five 
cities are China.” There is as much truth in that as to say that 
twenty-five cities are the United States of America. 


206 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


But there are also new cities in these countries on the other side 
of the globe. We must take into account the modern growth of 
Yokohama and Osaka, the open ports of China, Calcutta, Madras, 
Bombay, Capetown, the cities of South America and many others, into 
which western commerce and industry have come, adding to their 
strength and influence and greatly increasing the complexity of life. 
It is in these new cities especially that the two civilizations of West 
and East, of Latin and Anglo-Saxon, have their meeting places. 
Here takes place the “cross-fertilization of cultures.” Here the prac- 
tical application of Christianity is most severely tested. 

The growth of these modern cities has been very rapid as west- 
ern commerce and industrialism have spread during recent years into 
all parts of the world. Reference to Mr. Galen Fisher’s “Creative 
Forces in Japan” will show how startingly great that rapid growth 
has been. The expansion of western influence in these cities has 
outrun all regulative legislation. At the same time, there has been 
a rank growth of all the evils of unrestrained greed and selfishness. 

We might speak of child labor in the cotton mills of Shanghai. 
We might also tell of the National Christian Conference in Shanghai 
last year, in which the only resolutions adopted by the whole Con- 
ference were those that referred to these industrial problems. These 
cities challenge the truth and power of Christianity, and with splendid 
courage and with practical measures the Chinese Church is facing 
these new questions. In China the Church has taken the lead by 
insisting upon standards of justice and brotherhood in the industrial | 
development of the country. 

These cities call to the Christian young men of America for 
helpful service. Surely, our interest in these cities must be more 
than that which is related only to commercial and industrial advance. 
We are exporting to these countries our western politics and systems 
of government, our social customs, our factories, our methods of 
business. We owe them also our knowledge of Christian truth and 
our experience in its practical application to all these changing con- 
ditions of life. Moreover, the solution of the problems of Christian 
life in modern society, business and government must be a solution 
that is world wide in its practicability. The true solution of these 
problems cannot be worked out in the narrow confines of a local 
situation in an American community. Not with any sense of supe- 
riority, but in the true spirit of comradeship, we are called to go out 
to these cities overseas to work with our Christian brothers there 
in meeting the new conditions of life that have become world wide in 
extent. Here is a real chance for fruitful service in dealing with 


FORUMS 297 


the questions of race, of war, of industry, and of all the other ques- 
tions that the youth of the world must face. 

Is the call to life service a question of geography? In one sense 
“No,” for it is simply the question of doing one’s duty and giving 
one’s life for what will count most anywhere. But in another sense 
“Yes,” because these great needs exist in foreign lands, where the 
forces of righteousness and truth are few and weak and where vol- 
unteer reénforcements are desperately needed. 

City life, the world over, is to be dominated by the spirit and 
power of Christ. The whole world cannot be evangelized until these 
cities are Christianized. To recall these masses of people to the sim- 
plicity and beauty of country life is not only futile, but is not the 
true ideal. These cities are to be won in the name and power of God. 
The river of the water of life is to run through the streets of the city. 


EVANGELISM IN BAGHDAD 
H. A. Brrxert, Baghdad, Iraq 


Mention of Baghdad always arouses memories of Arabian 
Nights and the glories of that old city under the Caliph Harun al 
Rashid. But I am afraid that “the glory hath departed” and the 
romance has been deeply buried under desert sands. The situation 
today is well described by the remark of an American newspaper 
correspondent who visited Baghdad in August when the thermometer 
had a daily register of I10 to 120 in the shade. When asked what 
he thought of Baghdad he replied, “Well, I can understand how they 
wrote Arabian Nights, no one would want to write about Arabian 
days.” 

Mission work in such a situation is far different from what it 
is in Kobe, Shanghai.and the other cities about which you have been 
hearing here this afternoon. As these other men were speaking I 
could not but feel how far we are behind them in Arabia and 
how much pioneering we have still to do. One reason for the dif- 
ference is the government restriction which, up to the present, has 
been placed upon the work. Under the Turkish regime street and 
bazaar preaching, such as have been so successful elsewhere, have 
been prohibited. Under the British mandate a treaty has been nego- 
tiated which provides for religious freedom for the individual and 
also for freedom to missionary agencies for carrying on their work. 
It is hoped that under this treaty it will be possible to employ some 
of the more open and public methods of other fields. 


298 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


Probably the best way of showing you how the problem has 
been attacked thus far is to tell you what was done in Baghdad. 
Baghdad is a city of 250,000 people. And let me say in passing that 
never, not even in New York or Chicago, has the impression of vast 
crowds seemed to me so overwhelming as in Baghdad. The city 
lies on both sides of the Tigris River, which is spanned by two 
bridges. As one watches the constant stream of people flowing 
across these two bridges and crowding the very extensive bazaar he 
cannot but be impressed with their number. How to make some 
sort of entering wedge into this throng with no backing such as 
comes from the institutional work of schools and hospitals presented 
a real problem. The way that seemed most to commend itself was 
through literature distribution. A small shop was secured in the 
midst of the bazaar and in close proximity to the Government offices 
and the Law School. The shop was equipped with settees and tables 
beside the bookshelves, which were well stocked with Christian litera- 
ture in Arabic, consisting of everything from small four-page tracts 
with collections of Scripture verses to larger apologetic works pre- 
senting the claims of Christianity versus Islam. The success of the 
venture was almost more than had been hoped. The people of 
Baghdad, since the war, are omniverous readers. They bought the 
literature so rapidly that it was difficult to keep the shop stocked. 

From one point of view the venture was not quite so successful. 
On the tables were the local and Egyptian newspapers and Arabic 
periodicals. In our other stations such book shops had become a 
rendezvous where the missionary could meet his friends and make 
new contacts to be followed up in private. This was not the case in 
Baghdad. The spirit of the big city is upon them. Even in the 
East, proverbially slow moving, there is a hurry and a bustle which 
is much akin to the spirit of our own big cities. But they purchased 
the literature and that was the main object of the undertaking. 

Another effort was begun but was not followed up very exten- 
sively on account of some unlooked-for consequences. A list of all 
the teachers in the Government schools was secured. The plan was 
to mail periodically to these young men Scripture tracts, leaflets on 
purity, temperance and religious subjects. The first of the series 
was mailed to them. It consisted of a four-page folder of Scripture 
selections and a card “Compliments of the American Mission” and 
the address. It was considered that no objection could be made to 
these, as the Moslems themselves know, and, in a certain measure, 
respect our Old and New Testaments, which they call the books of 
Moses and Jesus. But one of these fell into the hands of the very 


FORUMS 299 


fanatical Arab Minister of Education. He immediately sent out a 
circular letter to all the teachers referring to this literature, giving 
orders that it and any other subsequently received was to be turned 
over to his office. But the teachers had already read the first portion 
and we saw some results from it. A number of the teachers came 
to the book shop and purchased wide selections of the reading matter 
there on display. This is a method full of promise and one which 
should be tried consistently. Owing to possible complications with 
the native government in the present unsettled state of affairs it was 
not deemed wise to follow it up at once. A similar list of the students 
of the Law School was secured and a similar campaign with them 
contemplated. But the list came too late to be used owing to the 
imminent departure on furlough of the missionary in charge. 

Newspaper evangelism was also contemplated. The editor of 
the combined Arabic-English newspaper, more or less a government 
publication, was approached, but owing to his official connections felt 
it impossible to do anything of that nature. With the growing broad- 
ening outlook and increasing freedom it is hoped that some of the 
vernacular presses will be willing to undertake such work. It is a 
growing conviction on the part of many that such literary evangelism 
offers the real opportunity in cities like Baghdad. Fanaticism and 
ignorant prejudice make open inquiry or real friendship with the 
missionaries a dangerous thing. But the printed page can be read 
in secret and its message pondered over. Real interest can then 
devise a safe method, if secret, for further approach to the mis- 
sionaries. 

Beside this work, which was the nearest approach to an organ- 
ized effort, there was always the attempt at the personal approach 
wherever possible. Articles were bought for which there was no 
need at all just for the sake of engaging the shopkeeper in conver- 
sation, hoping on another day to approach him with the real message. 
Now and then an acquaintance could be formed in the coffee shops. 
But everyone who wore “a big hat” (sun helmet) was looked upon 
as a government employee. And there was a time when the Gov- 
ernment was in great disfavor and the missionary’s task was there- 
fore all the more difficult. Going into a city of 250,000 people as a 
stranger and trying in that multitude of people to get a hearing for 
the Gospel message is a real challenge and calls for more than human 
help. 

When I was starting for Arabia one of the senior missionaries 
on the field said to me, “We are a young mission still and we have 
no traditions that hamper the work. We have found no royal road 


300 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


of approach to Moslems. You won’t find any of the older mission- 
aries saying to you, ‘Here, young man, this is the way, walk in it.’ 
But if you find you have any particular talent for city work or for 
village work or for itinerating or whatever it may be, all of Arabia 
is before you and you'll find plenty of scope for your efforts.” The 
same still holds today and if any of you have any bright ideas you 
would like to try out in city evangelism or in any other department, 
why, just come along to Arabia and we’ll give you a warm reception 
and plenty of opportunity to try out your ideas. . 


CITY EVANGELISM AND WORK AMONG STUDENTS 
Henry Smith Lereer, Tientsin, China 


What is City Evangelism? It is the effort to achieve adequate 
expression and exemplification in individual and social life of the 
five-fold Christian ideal involved in Jesus’ way of life. Viz: Sacred- 
ness of human-personality; the necessity for brotherhood; the uni- 
versal application of the motive of service; the supreme place of 
love in human relationships; the reasonableness of faith in a Christ- 
like God and the potential Christlikeness of all men. Bringing this 
program and its implications before every group in the city by every 
possible means is to my mind “Christian City Evangelism.” 

How do we attempt to conduct City Evangelism for students ? 

By friendly contacts personally established in the schools, such 
as social calls, hikes and walks with students, participation in coach- . 
ing school athletics. 

By friendly contacts in the missionary’s home, leading to: 

Bible classes and discussion groups in the home of the mis- 
sionary (starting, for example, with informal discussion of a prob- 
lem and bringing in the Bible as a means of working out a solution). 

Groups in universities (usually organized by others than the 
missionary and inviting his leadership). 

Retreats and conferences during the term time. 

Summer conferences for leaders. 

Occasional nationally significant gatherings prepared for by 
group discussion. 

Attempts, not yet signally successful, to line up students with 
the local church situation by holding special meetings in churches 
for them, such as social and religious meetings; by getting students 
to examine the need of their own city and the place of the Church 
in meeting that need—thus inducing them to see the need of the 
Church for their assistance; by interesting students in daily vacation 


FORUMS 301 


schools, poor schools, lectures on health, industrial surveys, etc.; by 
occasionally introducing leaders among them to church leaders from 
abroad in a home atmosphere for personal conference. 

By frequent large city gatherings with noted speakers of the 
type of Dr. Mott, Dr. Eddy or nationals of distinction. 

By the establishment of student centers or dormitories under 
direct Christian supervision. 

The present line-up in most Oriental cities includes Independent 
indigenous churches, mission churches, foreign missionaries of various 
denominations, the Y. M. C. A., the Y. W. C. A., the Salvation Army 
and local Christian institutions like medical schools or colleges. 

These find united action possible in Tientsin, for example, 
through two main agencies— 

(A) The Tientsin Christian Union 

This includes both nationals and foreigners of the above groups; 
and it acts to 

1. Divide areas of service geographically.and otherwise. 

. Thus prevent duplication and work at cross purposes. 
. Present a united front on large problems of political, 
social or moral significance. 

4. Provide stimuli and inspiration and the spirit of 
cooperation through social, religious and _ intellectual 
group activity. 

(B) The Missionary Union 

This includes only the foreign missionaries and Christian friends 
in the business or diplomatic community. It provides 

1. A common place for discussion. 

2. A medium for utilizing the contributions of prominent 
Christian visitors of any denomination, or none—as 
John Dewey during his recent visit to China. 

3. Encouragement for the study of common problems 

‘through the surveys made by members and read before 
the association. 

4. An organized group of foreign Christians, with which 
the nationals can deal along certain lines more readily 
than with individual missionaries or missions. 


w Wd 


HOW WOMEN STUDENTS HELP IN EVANGELISM 
Mary McC uurg, Fenchow, Shansi, China 


Close up under the shadow of the mountains, bordering the 
western edge of a fertile plain in the Province of Shansi, is the 


302 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


walled city of Fenchow. Here is one of the two American Board 
mission stations in that province, a typical mission station, with its 
schools for boys and girls, its Bible Training School for men and 
women, and the big brick church, dominating the group of buildings 
on the compound both by reason of its size and the power and 
virility of its message. 

But the center and core of this busy mission station is the 
Catherine S. Harwood Bible Training School, with its earnest, con- 
secrated group of two hundred or more men and women, all definitely 
committed to and preparing for the task of passing on to others the 
light which has come to them. Many of the students have come 
ten and fifteen days’ journey, on foot and on donkeyback, over dan- 
gerous mountain trails, and at considerable sacrifice both to them- 
selves and to their families, in order that they might prepare to 
return to their isolated mountain communities as bearers of the 
Good News. 

However, it is the women in this training school, and their part 
in the missionary activity of this busy community with which we are 
chiefly concerned today. The school was started by’ Miss McCon- 
naughey nine years ago with but five women. Today the number 
of students is limited only by the mission’s ability to provide suitable 
dormitory accommodations and teachers for them. This last sum- 
mer a fine new recitation building was built, relieving for the present 
the congestion of the dormitory courts. You would be surprised and 
pleased, could you go with me to visit these women in their new 
quarters this afternoon, to see the eagerness and earnestness with 
which they are applying themselves to the mastering of the “three 
r’s,’ and the intelligent interest with which these women—all of 
whom have only within the last two or three years abandoned their 
household idols and sought and found the ‘one true God’”’—are apply- 
ing themselves to the study of “the Jesus Way,” and seeking to know 
more of Him that they may share with others something of the light 
which shines in their own eyes and hearts. 

It is this body of students, then, which is carrying a large share 
of the evangelistic work which is being done in the city. We will 
find groups of them each afternoon starting out to the various ,sub- 
urbs where they will hold in some Christian home classes for the 
women. We will find others carrying out a regular program of 
house to house visitation, just getting acquainted and winning friends, 
inviting the women, perhaps, to attend the next meeting of the 
Women’s Club at the Kuan Chih Yuan, the mission’s civic service 
center, and never losing an opportunity to bear witness to the Savior 


FORUMS 303 


who has opened wide the windows of opportunity for them. We 
will find them visiting and teaching the women in the city’s model 
prison, bringing comfort and healing to the sinsick souls confined 
there for one reason or another. Former students are ministering 
to the spiritual needs of the women in the hospital, and following 
up, so far as limited funds permit, those who in suffering and illness 
found strength and comfort in the words of the Master, and for 
whom, during the few weeks of their stay in the hospital, a new 
Light had dawned as they watched the little Bible women, with 
“shining faces,’ ministering to and teaching those about them, and 
with infinite patience and understanding and loving sympathy, ex- 
plaining to them some of the wonderful things in the Book of the 
Holy Word. 

It is these women, then, who will be your friends and helpers 
when you come out to join us. These “hath He quickened who were 
dead in trespasses and sins.” But the task which Christ has given 
unto them, that of bringing the Good News into every home in that 
great city of Fenchow, and into all the surrounding towns and vil- 
lages, and through all the vast Fenchow field, which is eight times 
the area of the State of Massachusetts and as large as Ohio, is still 
more than they can hope to accomplish without help. And the plea 
which I, as their friend and fellow-worker, make to each of you this 
afternoon is “Come! Come over into Shansi,—and help us!” 


SOME OPPORTUNITIES IN CITY EVANGELISTIC WORK IN 
JAPAN 


BERTHA STARKEY, Fukuoka, Japan 


The city evangelistic missionary in Japan today needs the best 
possible all-round, up-to-date training in religious education and 
social service she can secure, for the opportunities open to her are 
many and varied. 

One is the kindergarten where she and her Japanese teachers 
have the opportunity not only to give the little children Christian 
teaching, but also through them to gain entrance into thousands 
of homes. Following such openings, she can arrange mother’s meet- 
ings, bringing the Christian message directly to the mothers as well 
as teaching them how properly to care for their children, giving 
lessons in hygiene, preparation of food, proper clothing and other 
needful courses. The kindergarten thus becomes a great evan- 
gelizing agency. 


304. CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


Then there are the Sunday Schools. Since the World’s Sunday 
School Convention in Tokyo the true value of the Sunday School 
has been recognized by the Japanese people. The city missionary 
does not confine her Sunday School work to the organized Sunday 
School in the church, but opens up what we call City Sunday Schools 
that are held in rented rooms in Japanese homes, out in districts 
where, without this gathering, the people would know nothing of 
Christianity and the children receive no Christian teaching. Almost 
every city missionary with her helpers conducts from five to ten 
such Sunday Schools, sometimes even more, and we consider that 
they have been the greatest single factor in breaking down opposition 
to Christianity. 

The evangelistic missionary holds all sorts of classes in her 
home for the students in government and other non-Christian schools, 
whose parents, in many cases, will not allow their daughters to attend 
the church, but will let them go freely to the missionary’s home for 
classes in English, music, Bible, American cooking and sewing. The 
girls, ofttimes coming at first primarily for training in English, cook- 
ing or sewing, almost invariably grow to love and follow Christ 
through the message of hymns and Bible study. Cooking and sewing 
classes are held not only for the girls, but also for the women, and 
many a woman dates her introduction to Christianity from the Bible 
class held in connection with the cooking and sewing classes which 
she entered through the influence of some Christian friend. Amer- 
ican cookery and American sewing are very popular and growing 
more: so. Therefore they are important avenues of contact with 
non-Christian girls and women. 

Japan has something like 1,200,000 women and girls engaged 
in commercial pursuits, and the evangelistic missionary has wonderful 
opportunities among them through the Business Girls’ Bible Classes 
and Clubs. 

As there are no medical missions in Japan and the great major- 
ity of nurses are trained in the government or non-Christian private 
training schools, it is very important to touch these girls for Christ 
in Bible classes for nurses conducted by missionaries. In this way 
an increasing number are being led to look upon their work as a min- 
istry of love under the Great Physician, and to do what they can 
to bring healing to souls as well as bodies. 

Another very important field for social and evangelistic service 
is that presented by the great group of factory girls, 1,250,000 in 
number, the majority of whom come from rural districts and are 
housed in dormitories on the factory grounds. Because of the long 


FORUMS 305 


hours of work in the day and night shift system; the crowded, un- 
_ sanitary conditions in the dormitories; the prevalence of immorality 
and disease that exist in all except a few scores of the 23,000 fac- 
tories, the situation is a sad one. Fortunately there is an increasing 
number of managers who allow the missionary with her Japanese 
associates to hold meetings inside the factory and to invite the girls 
to her home. In this way, through Christian hymns, Christian mes- 
sages, Bible teaching, victrola music, lantern pictures and wholesome 
recreation, the girls are lifted into a higher life, and given new as- 
pirations and ideals. 

Added to all these, there are the organizations in the local Japa- 
nese church that enlist the missionary cooperation, such as the organ- 
ized Sunday School in the church, the Epworth League, the King’s 
Daughters’ Society, and the Women’s Society. 

And last, but not by any means least, comes the personal calling 
in the homes where the women and girls can best open their hearts 
and freely pour out their problems, giving the missionary that close 
contact through which she can enter into the lives of her people and 
suit to their individual needs the message from the Bible. 

Any young woman who is looking for a rich, challenging life 
that will tax every power God has given her, may find it in the city 
evangelistic work of the present day in Japan. 


MASTERY OF THE LANGUAGE AS AN AID TO EVANGELISTIC 
WORK AMONG GIRL STUDENTS 


Epita New.in, Tokyo, Japan 


My five years of experience in mission work in Japan have con- 
vinced me that it is important to get the language. My mission sent 
me to the Japanese Language School for full time the first year, 
half time the second and six hours a week for the third year. The 
fourth year I studied six hours a week with a private teacher and my 
last year was spent in the country, where I spoke only Japanese in 
my home and work for nine months. 

The first year I had an English Bible class for girls, and I soon 
discovered that no girl who has had but four or five years of English 
in school can express herself clearly enough in English so that one 
can understand her deepest feelings. To know her problems of 
which she is anxious to tell you, if she can only do so in her own 
tongue, is the missionary’s first task; and this makes a knowledge of 
the language an absolute necessity. 


306 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


One method which proved most successful in getting to know 
the girls of our mission school was through “parents and teachers” 
meetings. We also had “mothers and daughters” teas in our own 
home. At these we took one class at a time and asked each to bring 
her mother or guardian as a guest. Sometimes a mother could not 
come and a father, grandparent or older sister were brought instead, 
and the contacts and fellowship thus established proved most fruitful. 
We were often given invitations to the homes and thus the possibility 
for influencing home life was increased. If this is begun when the 
girls first enter school and continued through the years, even greater 
results will follow. Our Christian Japanese teachers very gladly 
cooperated and heartily endorsed the plan. 3 

We hear a great deal these days about our mission schools not 
getting results. We have only two hundred girls in our school. We 
try to have enough Japanese teachers so that the missionaries who 
teach in the school do not have more than ten hours a week of actual 
teaching, provided they have the language and an aptitude for follow- 
up work with the girls out of school. 

After a class graduates we organize some kind of a social group, 
a Bible or English class for those who have time to come back to us. 
Thus we establish the habit of returning to the school after actual 
school days are over. One missionary teacher is made responsible 
for the follow-up work of the group. We try to keep in touch with 
our graduates through letters, calls, teas and special meetings, and 
we find they will often express themselves more freely in letters — 
than in personal interviews. Then in our Christian work we have 
something for every girl who has time for it, and thus we try to 
keep them growing through expression. In recent years nearly all 
our graduating students have become Christians and have joined 
some church. 

During the four years I spent in Tokyo, I also had Bible classes 
for girls in the city high schools. One girl came and asked to have 
a class for herself and friends, and after the first year she brought a 
new group for each succeeding year. She had a wonderful faculty 
for finding the girls who were earnestly seeking Christian teaching. 
I planned a course of about twenty lessons with the Gospel of Mark 
as a basis, and we met for an hour each week. They were busy girls 
but found time after a long day of school to come to my home for 
the lesson, and never missed unless sick. That is the advantage of 
having a definite course, for the class will try much harder never to 
miss a lesson. 

Those who could continue to come after completing this course 


FORUMS 307 


were put into a regular advanced class at the Sunday School, and 
were invited to the church. Then through the succeeding years I 
have kept in touch with them all by letters, calls, Christian literature 
which I have supplied, and special meetings occasionally in the home. 
We have a reunion social once a year, and they enjoy getting together 
and making the acquaintance of each other. Some of the girls have 
had groups in their own homes where we have had happy social times 
together. 

One or two of the mothers have been most anxious to have me 
call. One mother said she did not know that missionaries really 
learned the Japanese language and etiquette, and was so pleased to 
be greeted in their beautiful way that she has been a very warm 
friend ever since. 

The points I would emphasize most are: first, a radiant Christian 
life in the missionary teacher ; second, a broad human sympathy and 
knowledge of practical things in which girls are interested, such as 
music, sewing, knitting, cooking, health problems, and home-making ; 
third, definiteness in Bible courses as to length and material covered ; 
fourth, close sympathetic follow-up work. 


OPEN DOORS IN JAPAN 
“Mrs. GILBERT Bow es, Friends’ Mission, Japan 


A good motto for every missionary is ‘I am among you as He 
that serveth.” We need to study, to serve and to keep ourselves out 
of sight. We may be the power behind the project, but we do not 
need to say so. That matter will take care of itself, if we keep 
humble and help to do the work. 

There are open doors in Japan today for Christian Social Service 
work of many kinds in connection with factories and industrial cen- 
ters, teachers of English, English specialists, teachers in the school 
for foreign children, Bible teachers, physical training or health spe- 
cialists, specialists in home-craft of every kind, such as knitting, sew- 
ing, cooking, household improvement, care of children, etc., kinder- 
garten teachers, home visitors (evangelistic workers), institutional 
church workers, workers among boys and girls, etc., etc. 

Most of all we need those who can pray. Let me illustrate— 
not long ago a Japanese minister living in the interior invited the 
late Hon. Saburo Shimada, M.P., to come and preach in his church. 
All plans were completed. The day for the great meeting arrived. 
It had been well advertised. The prominent men of the town attended, 


308 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


many of whom had never before been inside of a Christian church. 
When the hour came for the opening of the meeting, instead of the 
Christian statesman there came a telegram announcing that it would 
be quite impossible for Mr. Shimada to get there, because of a rail- 
road wreck. The minister said to the young single missionary who 
worked in perfect cooperation with him, “What shall I do? I cannot 
turn the people away.” She said, “You speak.” “But I cannot; I 
have not prepared anything.” “No matter, you speak, and I'll stay 
on my knees in the back room and pray.” She kept her promise. 
How she prayed, and how he preached! At the close, one after 
another of those leading men of the town arose and each in turn 
confessed. “I had not known before the real meaning of Christ and 
the message of Christianity.” “As for me, I wish to hear more,” 
or “I believe it is the truth,” or “I am ready now to become a Chris- 
tian.” Then the minister confessed with what reluctance he had 
undertaken to speak and added, “The success of this meeting is not 
due to anything I have said, but to the earnest prayers of the little 
missionary lady who is even now on her knees, in the back room, ° 
praying for this meeting.” 

We need sympathetic missionaries. We need those who can 
adjust themselves to the rapidly changing conditions. We need those 
who can find and lead the Japanese into places of leadership, sacri- 
fice and service. We do not need professional religionists, but we 
do need those who are able every day to live the Christ life. 


MEDICAL WORK AMONG WOMEN 


Dr. Mary L, JAMEs, Wuchang, Central China 


It is customary to speak of missionary work as comprising three 
departments: evangelistic, educational and medical. However, medi- . 
cal. missionary work embraces all these three in itself. It is 
undertaken primarily to make the knowledge of Jesus Christ known 
to those who have not yet had the opportunity to learn of His love, 
and it does not confine itself to the healing of the body as a demon- 
stration of this love. The clinics, wards and chapels are used for 
direct preaching and teaching of the Bible, as well as for the more 
difficult task of demonstrating that teaching in a life of service. 
Besides this evangelistic and professional work for patients, hospitals 
—as well as medical schools—form important training centers of 
native professional workers, such as doctors, nurses, midwives, 
anesthetists, pharmacists and laboratory technicians. 


FORUMS 309 


Our hospital in Wuchang gives opportunities for all these types 
of work, except that of teaching medical students. In our clinics 
and wards we encounter all varieties of disease met in America, and 
in addition an interesting, if somewhat baffling, array of tropical dis- 
eases. The district about Wuchang offers most alluring opportunities 
for research in parasitology, had one but the time to follow them up. 
It also gives us interesting and varied work in surgery and obstetrics 
and makes us realize how limited are our skill and knowledge. For 
lack of sufficient staff we have been compelled to cut down our regu- 
lar clinics to two afternoons a week. On these days patients come 
in such numbers that we generally work without intermission from 
2 P.M. until about 7 Pp. M., and then cannot see all the people who 
come. Would that the days had more hours, for it is hard indeed 
to limit the work thus. We cannot spend all our time in the out- 
practice departments, for the ward patients must be given a moderate 
amount of time; besides this one has the routine hospital rounds, 
the history taking and examinations, the operations and the laboratory 
work. For one doctor to make rounds to seventy-five patients takes 
three hours, if two and one-half minutes are allowed per patient. 
For the last year we have had from seventy to eighty patients in our 
wards practically the whole time, and sometimes over eighty. Our 
one or two Chinese internes assist, but are not able to take as much 
responsibility as young physicians graduated in medical schools in 
America. Medical schools in China still suffer seriously from under- 
staffing, as well as from difficulty in finding students with sufficient 
preliminary education, though conditions are improving in this latter 
respect. — 

In outpractice among the Chinese in their homes we are able to 
do very little, from sheer lack of time. In most cases we must insist 
that patients come into the hospital or attend clinic. Among the 
women and children of our own and other missions in and near 
Wuchang we find considerable work to do, for it is important to 
conserve the health of workers and their families. 

At St. Hilda’s School for Girls, just outside our city walls, we 
get our one opportunity for preventive medicine. Each week I give 
a long afternoon to the 230 girls in residence there and to the 
teachers and servants of that institution. I make regular physical 
examinations of the girls and try to correct defects found and to 
combat disease at its onset. The results have been very encouraging, 
especially with girls in the early stages of tuberculosis. 

As important as are all these phases of the work, however, I 
hold the training of Chinese hospital assistants as of even more 


310 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


essential value. Now is the time for us to endeavor to supply to 
China a sufficient number of trained Christian workers of their own 
nationality, if we wish to make medical missionary work a real power 
in the evangelization of China. By such assistants I mean nurses, 
midwives, anesthetists, pharmacists and laboratory technicians. If 
Christian hospitals are to be run properly, from a scientific point of 
view, large numbers of Chinese workers of this sort must be trained 
now. Our hospitals in China must not give less than the best if 
they are adequately to represent Christianity. With this idea in mind, 
I devote a large part of my time to teaching. 

Now, what are the opportunities for Medical Missionary service 
in China at present? On every hand there is a demand for doctors. 
The Missionary Medical Schools for women are pitiably under- 
manned. Your help is needed in this most important task of training 
Chinese women doctors, for whom there is still an enormous demand 
among the women and children of China. You are also needed in 
the mission hospitals for women and children throughout China. 
Some hospitals are closed for lack of any doctor at all, some run 
along painfully without any resident doctor, and scarcely any of them 
can boast two fully qualified physicians, except those run in con- 
nection with medical schools. There is need also for a limited number 
of fully trained pharmacists and laboratory technicians, as teachers 
as well as routine hospital workers, and there is a need for a very 
large number of nurses. 

China calls for the very best of the profession, workers of true 
consecration, who will demonstrate Christianity in practical action, 
as did our Great Physician and Master. I can think of no better 
investment of life than this, for those whose talents and training 
qualify them for undertaking such work. 


AMERICAN MISSIONARIES IN JAPANESE CITY CHURCHES 


K. Hatanaka, Dean of Kobe College, Kobe, Japan 


In considering the work of American missionaries in Japanese 
city churches, I should like to describe what is being done in one of 
the largest churches of Kyoto, which has a membership today of 
seven hundred and fifty communicants, composed largely of pro- 
fessional and business men and students. Among these members, 
many of whom are residents of the city, there are many who under- 
stand English; hence in this particular church the officers have thought 
it best to serve the English speaking community of the city. They 


FORUMS Ghr 


have asked one of the missionaries to conduct an English service 
every Sunday afternoon, together with the Japanese pastor. This 
has continued for four years, with an average attendance of sixty 
to one hundred people every Sunday. 

Just before the service begins, an English Bible class is con- 
ducted, with an attendance of twenty to thirty university students. 
The American missionary is invited to act as the pastor of the church 
for the English speaking community. He also is invited to partici- 
pate in other activities of the church. He takes his part in important 
discussions of the church work and is the co-worker of the Japanese 
pastor in all things. 

Although this particular church has a large kindergarten and 
night school, most Japanese churches have not been able to do much 
social work until recently. Any American missionaries interested 
in social work, therefore, will find plenty of opportunities in the 
large self-supporting Japanese churches, cooperating with the Japa- 
nese pastors and the church membership. Among the members of 
these large churches many influential citizens are found. They can 
put the missionaries in closest touch with community needs and in- 
terests and secure support for the work they wish them to do. It 
would be much better for American missionaries to work in co- 
operation with one of our large city churches than to start such work 
by themselves.. This is as true of work among students as of social 
service work. Moreover, by so doing the missionary is helping the 
native churches to see larger visions and to undertake larger service 
for the good of the community and ultimately the Christianizing 
of Japan. 


NEWSPAPER EVANGELISM IN JAPAN 
ALBERTUS Preters, Fukuoka, Japan 


The purpose of all newspaper advertising is threefold: to tell 
people something they do not know, to convince them of something 
they do not believe, and to arouse in them a desire for something they 
do not possess. 

Having said this, we have stated also the threefold purpose of 
evangelistic missionary work. 

As carried on in Japan under the auspices of the Federation of 
Christian Missions in Japan, newspaper evangelism, or, more accu- 
rately, “Newspaper and Correspondence Evangelism,’ employs the 
following methods: 

1. Publication of short articles discussing Christian history or 


312 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


doctrine. The space occupied is paid for at advertising rates, and 
we are entirely free in regard to the matter published. 

2. Publication of advertisements offering to send, free of charge, 
tracts and other literature on the Christian religion. 

3. As rapidly as men apply for such literature, their names are 
added to a permanent card index record, whereon the main points 
of all subsequent correspondence are entered. ' 

4. A number of carefully selected tracts, with a portion of the 
Holy Scriptures, are sent out free of charge, with an explanation of 
the work, and a cordial invitation to continue in the study of Chris- 
tianity. We offer to reply to all questions any one desires to ask. 
The consequence is an immensely important and constantly growing 
correspondence. 

5. To assist us in keeping in touch with inquirers, a monthly 
paper is published, which has been very much blessed of God. The 
issue at present is four or five thousand copies a month. 

6. Since the tracts sent free are of necessity very elementary, 
a loan library club has been formed, which any one is free to join. 
The membership fee is five cents a month, low enough to form no 
great barrier, even to poor people, and yet sufficient to constitute a 
guarantee of good faith, and to form, in the aggregate, an appreciable 
contribution to the clerical salaries and office expenses. Books are 
sent out on application to all members, and the loss from failure to 
return them is only a small item in the year’s expenses. 

7. As rapidly as possible correspondents: are introduced to the 
nearest church or Christian worker; and all the churches in the dis- 
trict served have welcomed new members secured in this way. The 
enterprise is thoroughly inter-denominational. 

8. For those who are not within reach of any church or pastor, 
or who for other reasons wish an especially thorough course of in- 
struction, we have a Correspondence Course. It requires daily study. 
for seventeen weeks, with examinations in the ordinary correspond- 
ence course manner. 

g. Finally, for groups of people too far away from any church 
to attend services on Sundays we issue each week a printed sermon, 
with written prayers and indication of suitable Scripture readings 
and hymns; so that any fairly well-educated person can, by the help 
of these sermons, conduct an edifying service. We have had on 
Sunday mornings as high as eighty or ninety persons worshipping 
in nine or ten places, who would have had no opportunity to attend 
service but for this method. 

In the use of this last method care must be taken, and is con- 


FORUMS 313 


stantly taken, not to make the sermons a substitute for regular church 
attendance. For this reason the sermons are not for sale, and are 
sent to any person only after due investigation. Usually we decline 
to send them to a man living within walking distance of a church. 

Such work as this is now being carried on in Oita, Fukuoka, 
Seoul (Korea), Hiroshima, Kyoto, Tokyo, Nagano, and Sendai: 
possibly in still other places of which I have not heard. In every 
case it produces most gratifying results. In Fukuoka alone, from 
the first of the year 1923 to the end of October, nearly four thousand 
persons were added to the number of inquirers, and about one-fourth 
of them joined the Reading Club. Many of the letters indicate a 
most pathetic spiritual hunger. 

The importance of newspaper evangelism is very great even with 
respect to people living in the larger cities, in spite of the fact that 
they are well supplied with churches; for some degree of interest 
must be aroused in a man’s heart before he will enter a church to 
listen to the message from the pulpit; still the usefulness of news- 
paper evangelism is perhaps most easily recognized in rural districts, 
where it is not a choice for the most part between this method and 
some other, but where the newspaper and correspondence way is the 
only possible way by which men may come to know the gospel. The 
population of Japan is shifting to the cities, but is still largely rural. 
It is estimated by the Federation of Missions Survey Committee that 
eighty per cent of the people live in what may fairly be called rural 
districts, that is to say, country hamlets and small towns. 

Humanly speaking, there is one way by which these pepole can 
be reached with the gospel in this generation, and one way only, and 
that is by newspaper evangelism. By actual count, some years ago, 
out of more than 230 townships in the province of Oita, only two 
were found without some one whose name was on the list of the 
Oita newspaper evangelism office. 

If the Evangelization of the World in This Generation ever 
becomes the watchword of the American churches, as it is of the 
Student Volunteers, they will have in newspaper evangelism an in- 
strument ready to hand for the accomplishment of thier purpose. 


PROFESSIONAL TRAINING OF THE MEDICAL MISSIONARY 
(SUMMARY OF THE FORUM ON MEDICAL WORK AMONG MEN) 
Dr. E. M. Dopp, Persia 


Our first concern should be to be trained for work in a one- or 
two-man hospital. This is the predominant type of medical mis- 


314 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


sionary service and requires as broad a training as possible in 
general surgery and medicine, with the emphasis on surgery, and in 
such of the specialties as one has time for. A class A medical 
school is essential, and at least one year, and preferably two years of 
hospital work thereafter is being generally advised. The questions 
from the students covered a wide range of points as to electives in 
medical school, and as to details of interneships, or special training 
after their interneships. Different medical missionaries present were 
called on to contribute to the discussion. 

The following general types of work are typical though not 
necessarily complete: 

(a) Itinerant medical work without hospital, where one has to 
be adapted to a moving life and to a variety of conditions, but not 
very intensive work. 

(b) Medical education, which involves a certain amount of 
specialization, and which is a constructive and far-reaching, though 
limited, form of medical missionary service. 

(c) Specializing to a greater or less extent in a large hospital 
not connected with medical education. The sphere for this is quite 
limited, but is characteristic of a few large centers. 

(d) Public health and public education in preventive medicine. 
This is an embryo line of work, with possibilities of growth, but not 
one which at present occupies the major part of more than a very 
few medical missionaries. It is something in which all medical mis- — 
sionaries should take greater interest. 

The questions in discussion concerned the best methods of obtain- 
ing training for these different lines of work. It was pointed out 
that here, even more than under the first topic, individual prob- 
lems would have to be handled specifically by the candidate and the 
Board, and that generalizations could not be definite. 

The spiritual preparation of the missionary was discussed by 
Dr. Paul Harrison of Arabia, who pointed out that medical students 
should emphasize continuous, vital, prayerful Bible study; that though 
medical men were not expected to be theological experts, they were 
expected to be grounded in the Bible, and have their own ee 
life securely established and developed. 

The last half hour of the discussion was turned over to rH 
Harrison, and a great many questions of different sorts were asked, 
covering all the topics previously under discussion. 

At the close of the hour many of the medical men broke up into 
smaller groups, meeting with different medical missionaries present 
for the further discussion of special points. 


FORUMS 315 


PROFESSIONAL TRAINING NEEDED FOR SPECIALIZED FORMS 
OF MEDICAL MISSIONARY SERVICE 


E. M. Dopp, Medical Missionary to Persia 


There is a wide range and variety in the forms of medical mis- 
sionary work, for which the training necessary differs accordingly. 
We are here considering, however, the broad predominant type of 
work which we can think of in terms of the one- or two-man hos- 
pital. Most medical missionary work is at present carried on in and 
from such hospitals—hospitals averaging about thirty to seventy 
beds. Long established medical work has usually developed into 
this general type of set-up; and new work tends toward the estab- 
lishment of such hospitals. This usually means pretty much the 
whole range of medicine and surgery. We do well to consider our 
objective before taking up the preparation for it, since the picture 
ahead is what explains the advice given as to preparation. 

Obviously when one doctor or two doctors are working alone in 
such a hospital, which, more likely than not, attempts single handed 
to minister to a community of a few hundred thousand, or even a 
million or more, the character of the work is bound to be varied. 
General surgery, general medicine, obstetrics (if not in a too con- 
servative place), all the specialties, and even a touch of public health 
work comes into play. Everything from vesical calculus to amcebic 
dysentery; from T.B. in all forms to typhus; from cataract to 
cholera; from scabies to smallpox; from fractures to round worms; 
from hernia to hydrophobia (not always of the intractable or fatal 
variety!) passes through the dispensary and supplies the ward. The 
doctor may make night rounds on a ward of post-operative cases and 
wind up the day by an arduous microscope hunt for the malaria 
plasmodium, and a few hours later be hastily called from a tired 
sleep for a desperate labor case. His first patient in the morning 
may be a gun-shot wound in the abdomen, and his second a ton- 
sillectomy. Between whiles his servant has besought him to come to 
his home and prescribe for the sick family buffalo; and a bandit chief 
has sent to him for quinine. He may then be called out for a ter- 
ribly burned child, who has fallen into a native fireplace, and come 
home to find a pitable leper camped at his front gate. Before lunch 
the wealthiest merchant prince of the city may have sent a carriage 
to convey him to treat a grandson for colic, and before he is through 
lunch a poor blind villager—three days’ walk from his home—is 
tapping at the front door. 


316 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


If such be a picture of the demands, it behooves us to prepare 
broadly and thoroughly. A man cannot hope to be an expert on 
everything, or perhaps an authority on anything. But he must try 
to grasp the rudiments of many things, and the high spots of all 
kinds of conditions. He needs a sound general foundation rather 
than a highly specialized one in any particular direction or directions. 

The pre-medical work should be such as to fit a man adequately 
for a good choice in class A medical schools. Most Boards pre- 
fer to have men who have had the full college course; but in some 
instances, by reason of age or finances, or otherwise, a condensed 
pre-medical course may be necessary. Combination courses of six 
or seven years leading to both degrees are often a good solution’ of 
the problem, though the full four year college course before medical 
school is more generally advised whenever practicable. When it 
comes to the subjects taken in college it goes without saying that 
one must carefully look up the requirements of the medical school 
to be considered. Personally some of us do not favor electing science 
exclusively in the pre-medical years. The requirements should be 
met and perhaps a little more, but this will still leave a considerable 
margin of courses for free choice. It seems to us that it is better 
to elect these from cultural subjects—literature, economics, philoso- 
phy, history, languages, etc. The medical course itself is so strictly 
scientific that one needs the broader cultural basis, once the require- 
ments have been adequately met. 

The one essential consideration in the choice of a medical school — 
is that it should be an A-class school, according to the authorized 
classification of the American Medical Association. As there are 
now a large number of A-class schools scattered over the country, the 
geographical question does not enter in very greatly. When it comes 
to choosing among the different A-class schools one would have to 
get the best advice available among doctors, college faculty, friends, 
medical students and others. Personal considerations, such as ex- 
pense, location, etc., will of course also enter into the decision. The 
Boards generally require at least an “A” school, but do not go much 
further than this in advice as between the different schools. If a 
man were clearly going into some special form of medical missionary 
work, this might influence the choice of a medical school. For exam- 
ple; a man deciding to teach in a medical school on the field might 
well choose one of the more highly specialized and scientific schools 
in this country, whereas many other schools here would fill the need 
quite as well for the general run of all around non-specialized work 
on the field. There is, however, one added general consideration 


FORUMS 317 


which should always be taken into account. This is, that other 
things being equal there is an advantage in having one’s medical 
school—or at least the last two years of one’s medical school—in a 
large city, rather than in some small place. This is because of the 
greater amount of clinical material available; the more authoritative 
medical men represented; and the better professional connections 
made for the future, when post-graduate facilities are so much needed 
while on furlough. 

The choice of interneships offers considerable room for careful 
pondering. The Boards generally are expecting at least one year of 
hospital work after medical school before going to the field, and 
many are advising as much as two years. Some of the Boards con- 
sider two years as the norm. The character of the interneship should 
preferably be what is usually spoken of as a mixed, or rotating service, 
with the emphasis preferably on surgery, unless one definitely expects 
to go into the medical side, or into some specialty other than surgery. 
The two years of hospital work can be worked out in various ways, 
either in one institution, or with some equivalent in two or more insti- 
tutions. Perhaps the ideal service would be one two-year service 
which gives a man a certain amount of laboratory work, and then 
six months or so on the medical side, and finally with half or more of 
the two years on the surgical side, ending as “House” in Surgery. 
One of the shortcomings of the one-year service is that all too fre- 
quently there is not enough chance for an adequate surgical service, 
which would mean the House Surgeon being given a fair amount of 
supervised operating to do himself, or herself. In the choice of an 
interneship the following points are submitted as important items in 
the comparative values of different services. 

1. A high-grade, well-equipped institution, with plenty of clinical 
material; whether a hospital of two hundred beds or one thousand 
beds is not necessarily a prime consideration. 

2. Variety and range of the service (mixed or rotating services). 

3. Adequate surgical experience under good men. 

4. An institution where there is a teaching spirit—usually, though 
not always, best found in connection with a medical school. 

5. An institution at which, or through the staff of which, the 
future furloughed missionary can have good facilities for post- 
graduate work. 

When it comes to special work outside of, or beyond the interne- 
ship, it is difficult to give general advice. Like many other questions, 
such problems should be taken up with the Board in question, and 
with whatever medical missionaries one can consult. Of the special 


318 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


work frequently not embraced under the category of general surgery 
and general medicine are the following: 

Obstetrics. It is important for the medical missionary to have 
a good grounding in obstetrical work, and usually more than one 
can get in connection with the medical school course. The necessary 
work can be obtained either some summer, or with a special obstetrical 
service, or in connection with some interneships where obstetrics 
form a part of the service. Obstetrics are perhaps rather more im- 
portant on the whole for women physicians than for men, as far as 
work among the nationals of a country is concerned; but it is impor- 
tant for all. In some countries, particularly in Mohammedan areas, 
the prejudice is such that very few, if any, obstetrical or gynecological 
cases are brought to a man doctor. However, in many places these 
prejudices are slowly disappearing. Even where such prejudices 
exist there may be every now and then an extremely bad case, which 
has been given up by everybody else, brought to one of the medical 
men. Moreover, one has to bear in mind constantly the important 
fact that among the missionary’s associates there will be a demand 
for careful obstetrical training. 

Eye work is one of the first things most medical missionaries 
would mention among the specialties. Eye diseases are so universal 
in parts of Asia and Africa, and the tropics generally, that it is very 
desirable for a man to have some special training in this. -Whether 
this work should include refraction, or merely diseases of the eye, 
will depend on the field to which one is going. In some places refrac- 
tion work plays a minor role, as compared to the treatment of in- 
flammation, cataract, deformities, and other disease conditions. 

Tropical medicine is of course very valuable for men who are 
going to these regions—which do not include all medical missionary 
work. Courses in tropical medicine are not always easy to secure in 
this country. If one has time, it may be possible to take in a few | 
weeks, or a few months, at the London School of Tropical Medicine. 
Otherwise, one may get courses at Harvard or the University of 
Pennsylvania, or possibly elsewhere, as new courses are being de- 
veloped. 

One could go on to mention all the specialties—ear, nose and 
throat, skin, pediatrics, and laboratory work—all of which come into 
play. But the problem is generally limited by time, or age, or finances, 
or some other strong consideration. If one can know ahead of time 
the general field to which he is going, many of these problems of 
preparation are simplified. 

Specialized Forms of Medical Missionary Work. Medical mis- 


FORUMS 319 


sionary work has been and is undergoing considerable development. 
The primitive work with which the men began generations ago has 
grown enormously. Medical missionary associations, medical educa- 
tion, nurses’ training, and highly developed hospitals are some of the 
features of this growth. When one speaks of specialized forms of 
work it is not always possible to select absolutely distinct forms. 
However, a few illustrations which are fairly well defined can be 
briefly discussed. 

Itinerating medical work as a permanent form of medical work 
may perhaps not be agreed upon as a specialized form of work, since 
it is part of the work of a great many medical missionaries who are 
in charge of established institutions, and in a good many other cases 
is the pioneer work, which opens up the field where later on hospitals 
are established. However, there are a certain number of men who 
still give themselves to this work very largely. The training for this 
would correspond more to that which would be required to run a 
dispensary in a large city or in a country community, than to the 
management of a hospital and the performing of major surgery. 
Laboratory work also is necessarily very meagre. This form of work 
develops a technique of its own in the way of equipment for trans- 
portation, the handling of cases, and other matters. 

Medical Education. In some ways this is the climax of medical 
missionary work. It aims to develop a Christian medical profession 
from and for the country itself. Though the medical schools on the 
field are not as highly staffed as the schools at home, a considerable 
degree of specialization is nevertheless called for. In the large 
schools, such as the Medical School of Shantung University, and the 
Severance Union Medical College in Korea, the different subjects are 
covered by specialists very much as they are in this country, even 
though each department itself is necessarily smaller. It follows that 
men who are preparing for this kind of work should prepare them- 
selves thoroughly in the desired subject or subjects. This has to be 
worked out in conjunction with the Boards or the schools in question. 
One cannot lay down any general advice. It should be pointed out, 
however, that these teaching positions are limited in number, and the 
men who are so engaged represent a small minority of the whole 
medical missionary body. 

Specialization without medical education. Ina few large medical 
centers, such as Canton, and in a few of the highly developed hos- 
pitals, an increasing amount of specialization—independent of medical 
education—has developed. In some hospitals, even where the staff 
is not large, the work may be divided up into three or four general 


320 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


branches. In such a case a man may well specialize to a limited 
extent. However, this again is a limited possibility, and cannot be 
safely acted upon except by individual arrangement with Boards or 
field institutions. 

Public health work is drawing an increasing amount of attention 
on the mission field, as in this country: So far the set-up of the work 
has not made it possible to give any very great amount of attention 
to this, as compared to clinical work. One or two outstanding doctors 
have been developed in China who are going in for this special line 
of work. Others are taking it up in a supplementary way to their 
hospital or other work. It goes without saying that all doctors who 
have any thought of the value of prevention have all along been 
doing what they could in a small way, in advising individuals and 
communities. But as a definite, distinct calling, public health work 
has not yet taken a very large place, though it is quite possible it will 
do so in the future. Before any man commits himself to this in 
distinction to clinical work, he should by all means canvass the matter 
with the Board or other organization with which he is to be con- 
nected. If there is a chance for him to do this sort of work he could 
then plan accordingly to take special work at one of the schools which 
provides such courses. 


MEDICAL MISSIONS IN INDIA 
Dr. Davin Riocu, Mungeli, India 


Mungeli is a large native city of the Central Provinces, India. 
The district all around is very, very thickly populated. That part of 
the country is called “Chattis-garhh,” which means “lying within 
forty forts,” and many forts are still to be seen. The people are 
known to be among the most degraded of India, dirty, ignorant, full 
of disease and sin. The words home, love and purity are scarcely — 
known among them. You find people everywhere, huddled in dirty 
villages, camped out under the roughest shelter by the roadside. 
There are plenty of naked children, too, and always the buffalo— 
not the buffalo of North America, no, the Chattis-garhh buffalo is a 
huge, black animal with long, swooping horns, very slow, very patient 
and long-suffering and very stupid. The people are often likened 
to their buffaloes—very slow and very stupid. 

Mungeli lies thirty miles from another large native city of 
Bilaspur, through which the Bengal Nagpur Railway runs. The road 
to Mungeli lies through good farm land and countless rice fields. 


FORUMS 321 


On either side of the road are wonderful old trees,—peepul, garar, 
nimes, imli,—whose branches meet overhead. In the early morning 
or late evening a ride under this green canopy is very beautiful. 
Nearly always, as I have gone along this road, I have met travelers 
needing help. It is a very common experience to meet hundreds of 
people, abject-looking, hungry, hopeless, carrying their little bundles, 
which contain all they have, filing by one by one along the edge of the 
road. 

I say: “Where are you going?”—and the answer so often 
comes: “We are going to look for food, there is no water and no 
food in our village.” It often happens that whole villages will turn 
out in this way, and wander miles and miles, looking for food or 
for work. Constantly we meet hungry families travelling the road 
in search of work and food. Many hundred wend their way to Cal- 
cutta, where they hope to find a living in alleys and back slums or 
down in the coal pits. 

Christian work was started in Mungeli about thirty years ago. 
At present we have a hospital with large dispensary work, a church, 
elementary schools, three good bungalows, and a hostel for boys of 
Christian parents living out in the villages. Connected with the 
medical work in Mungeli we now have several dispensaries in the 
out-stations ; one is twelve miles out on one side; another is ten miles" 
out on the other side; another is seventeen miles across country. 
These are taken care of by Christian compounders and are under 
the supervision of the doctor in charge. Each dispensary is located 
in a market-center and the compounders are very busy on bazaar days. 
They visit among the villages regularly and teach as well as give 
medicines. 

In addition there are two leper asylums, one in Mungeli and 
one nine miles out. There are one hundred and ten inmates in these 
asylums all the time and there are always many more who beg to be 
admitted. In spite of their horrible fate, the lepers are a happy, 
contented lot. They listen eagerly to the teaching given them. All 
are Christians and to them the Christian hope means a great deal. 
They come to us with woe and hopelessness written in very line of 
their faces. Soon they hear of the love of One Who came to earth 
and healed the leper; Whose love now can heal the soul and receive 
the once sin-stricken spirit into the Eternal Home. Our lepers are 
maintained and provided for by the “Mission to Lepers” which has 
its headquarters in London. It is almost impossible to believe that 
these lepers can subsist on the small pittance they receive. Every 
ten days their allowance is given to them—sixteen cents and twelve 


322 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


pounds of rice to each adult. They receive two pieces of clothing 
during the year and usually two sheets or cotton blankets. At Christ- 
mas some kind friend provides the dinner and there is always a 
present for each one—not much, sometimes just a little card or picture. 

The medical work in Mungeli is very similar to that carried on 
in other mission stations. The sick and injured are brought in from 
miles and miles around—sometimes days are required for their jour- 
neys from distant villages. A hospital in India is a very different 
place from what we imagine here in America. The equipment is 
often very scanty; efficient nurses are hard to find and the doctor 
often has to be nurse as well. Whenever a serious case was under 
our care, I would set the alarm clock to waken me at intervals through- 
out the night in order to make sure that the patient was being cared 
for as required or to give nourishment. Sometimes I ordered the 
night watchman to waken me at certain hours in the night. I can 
still hear his voice: ‘““Mamaji’’—and then there would be the hushed 
whisper, “She is going out,’ or “She is not,” or “The pulse walks 
slowly.”’ One such night, I remember, I was wakened and rose up 
with a start to see the watchman standing by my bedside with a long 
snake dangling lifeless from his stick. He had just killed it and 
was so exhilarated over it that he had to waken me to see it. He 
often saved me, when walking up and down the road at night, from 
some such noiseless intruder and this night he was glad to have done 
so again. 

Our hospital consisted of several separate buildings, because — 
when a patient comes in, the whole family has to come also. He 
may be of high caste and cannot eat the food cooked by the Christian 
cook of the hospital, so he must bring someone to cook for him, 
and someone to fetch his water, for he cannot take water from the 
hands of our Christian water carrier. The patient also brings his 
own supply of grain, vegetables and fuel. Often his wife and little 
children have to come in also, for they cannot be left alone in the | 
village. As a result the hospital “compound” has looked more like 
a small village sometimes with carts and oxen under the trees, the 
servants of the patients bivouacked near them, each with his own 
separate little fire and bundle of grain and salt, each sleeping rolled 
up in a cotton sheet beneath his own master’s cart. 

The patients suffer from many serious diseases. There are many 
cases of different fevers, sad cases of digestive troubles, bladder 
troubles, spleen and kidney troubles. Of course, there are always 
eye cases—cataracts, ulcers all the time, tuberculosis among the 
Christians and venereal diseases of every kind. Measles, whooping 


FORUMS 323 


cough and chicken pox come in epidemics among the children. Small- 
pox is often very virulent. Cholera is to be dreaded. 

It is very difficult to persuade the patients that a great deal 
can be accomplished with fresh air and pure water. Although they 
are so careful not to touch our clean, boiled water, they will drink 
their own thick, brown water. They shut all doors and windows and 
roll themselves in their sheets or blankets so that no pure air can 
enter. They dread water for bathing and do not allow a drink to 
the fevered patient nor even to the mother in child labor. Not until 
five days after delivery may the mother drink a sip of water. She 
is kept in a dark room and is neither cleansed nor bathed. On the 
third day she has some preparation of spices given her. On the fifth 
day she may drink. On the sixth and seventh she may change her 
clothing, wash and eat. The babies are usually beautiful, round, fat, 
and brown. Night and morning the baby is laid straight down on 
the stretched-out legs of the old village hag who is seated on the 
ground beside a little heap of smouldering fuel. She puts a few 
drops of oil (castor oil or sweet oil) on her hands, warms them well 
in the smoke of this cow dung fire and then vigorously pats and rubs 
the baby, back and front. It is carelessness, neglect caused by igno- 
rance, which causes so much sad trouble and disease among the chil- 
dren. Dirt and infection must answer for most of their troubles. 
The doctor’s duty is not merely to give medicines, to teach hymns and 
texts, but to give object lessons on how to combat disease germs. 

In closing, I wish to add that our hospital assistant in Mungeli 
was a native and a devoted Christian helper. Under him I had two 
compounders who were fine young fellows. Once they were miser- 
able orphan boys, saved by my husband during the dreadful famine 
of 1900. We then had the care of 450 famine orphan boys, and 
many of those boys can be found now in Christian work. Young 
men such as my two compounders in Mungeli are married, with 
happy homes of their own and children growing up into Christian 
manhood to form Christian communities in the years immediately 
ahead. 


COOPERATION OF THE MEDICAL MISSIONARY WITH HIS 
FELLOW MISSIONARIES 


J. A. Autoautist, Assam, India 
Here the expression “fellow-missionaries” includes all the men 


and women in the many and important positions on the foreign field 
which are non-medical. They are a very large company. “Medical 


324 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


missionary” naturally refers to physicians and nurses collectively, but 
as I know the missionary doctor best I will speak for him. ‘“Cooper- 
ation’”’ means concurrent effort, a beneficial association of persons in 
related work where individuals working separately or in groups are 
always in harmony. It must therefore mean thinking together at 
frequent intervals and willingness to follow some plan conducive to 
the realization of the mutual aim, in this case the winning of a people 
for Christ. . 

In considering this topic may I call your attention briefly to 
three points, first, the reason for cooperation; second, the require- 
ments for; and, third, the results of cooperation of the medical 
missionary with his fellow-missionaries. 

1. THe Reason. If you read Matthew 10:7-8 you will find, 
in verse seven, that Christ’s commandment to the twelve was, “And 
as ye go preach,” and immediately following, in verse eight, “heal 
the sick.” We see here that Christ associates preaching and healing. 
If you should ask any non-medical missionary who has worked in 
some obscure corner of the non-Christian world you would hear of 
the absolute necessity of letting both these ministries go hand in hand. 

We have today both the preacher and the healer on the foreign 
field, but the need calling for the service of these two is very often 
such an intimately associated need that nothing but close cooperation 
can ever meet it. God’s servants have different gifts and only when 
these gifts are perfectly blended will they reflect the Giver best, just 
as the rays of the spectrum in their perfect blend mean a source of 
white, sustaining, life-giving sunlight. That missionary endeavor has 
been crowned with success even when internal cooperation has had 
no part, is one of these, shall I call it, wonders of grace that John 
heard about after he had reported the one who did miracles in Jesus’ 
name, the one who was not an enemy though not actively cooperating, 
of whom Jesus said, “for he that is not against us is on our part.” - 
Is it going to be necessary for some of us medical missionaries to 
come under this class whom Christ is willing to own but concerning 
whom He seemingly could not express full satisfaction? 

11. THE REQUIREMENTS. Here I would put first sensitiveness 
on the part of the medical missionary to the physical, mental and 
spiritual needs of his fellow-missionaries, i.e., he must have an inter- 
est in the work of his fellow-missionaries as well as in his own work 
to secure complete cooperation. 

I met a business man the other day who belongs to a house that 
deals with many classes of professional men, physicians included. 
The talk drifted to the kind of customers encountered, and he volun- 


FORUMS 325 


teered the information that his house had more trouble keeping the 
comparatively few customers of the medical profession satisfied than 
was the case with the remaining bulk of their trade. That is not the 
kind of sensitiveness I am thinking of. When I use the word sensi- 
tiveness I am not thinking of self or any introspective sensitiveness, 
but of the sensitiveness that looks out for the fellow-missionary. 

One requirement looks to the physical well-being of every fellow- 
missionary, keeping the temple, in which mentality and spirituality 
dwell, in fit condition. Here a mixture of just ordinary common 
sense and sometimes professional skill is needed. It does not always 
mean quinine pills, iron tonics and first-aid remedies; these are more 
often needed for the native missionary-assistants, both for their own 
health and that they might help others. Instead it may mean hikes 
or tennis; it may mean holding someone back; it may mean taking 
an active interest in a tea-party or trying to get someone who prides 
himself on never breaking the routine of daily tasks to rest a bit 
during “office hours.” Many an unkind word would remain un- 
spoken if missionaries were to follow advice and take a few minutes’ 
rest. The medical missionary should always be ready to assist in 
getting the yearly physical examination of every missionary—him- 
self included—an established fact and custom. 

Mental irritations on a foreign field are legion, hence another 
requirement is patience. The medical missionary must be very pa- 
tient. He must remember the influence of climate, in many fields 
totally differing from anything the missionaries have ever experi- 
enced. He must keep in mind the prostrating influence of idolatrous 
customs and surroundings on the mental life and habits of mission- 
aries. For instance, the medical missionary keeps barsoap in his 
hospital stock to make this commodity accessible to the people, and a 
fellow-missionary flies into the air because the stock is exhausted 
just when the chapel or school building is to be scrubbed. Some- 
times a bottle of prepared medicine is returned with a note that it 
“doesn’t look right,’ or some fellow-missionary who openly con- 
fesses ability to take “the worst stuff” tells you that the tonic was 
even worse than that. And you get a post office notice that a dam- 
aged parcel of medicine has come and the very bottle you have 
impatiently awaited is broken, necessitating another telegram and 
another eight-day or longer wait. All this may happen in one hot 
day. The medical missionary needs patience. 

The medical missionary must be in touch with God. A fellow- 
missionary’s sick body sometimes means a sick soul, a burdened soul. 
There are many conditions on the foreign field which make a mis- 


326 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


sionary soul-sick and heart-broken. If one’s own soul does not know 
the fulness of the life hidden with God, how can one help another ? 
Let me quote from Meredith’s “Lucile’— 


“Was it spoken 
‘Go ye forth, heal the sick, lift the low, bind the broken!’ 
Of the body alone? 


“Ts our mission, then, done, 

When we leave the bruised hearts, 

If we bind the bruised bone? 

Nay, is not the mission of mercy twofold?” 


The missionary doctor needs to be, as the saying goes, “a good 
mixer.” This implies that he must have a healthy interest in all 
branches of missionary work. It is the very foundation of his cooper- 
ation. It is gained through attendance at weekly Station Council 
meetings or through whatever other means his particular mission 
affords for democratic and brotherly council between its members. 
If there is no thinking together, there can be no doing together. 

In general, I would say that the medical missionary must be an 
all-around helper whenever help is needed. He might have to do 
educational work, or literary, or evangelistic. I was a builder of 
houses. Sometimes he is the only missionary in a station and there 
he has to be and do everything. On the other hand, the medical 
missionary might be called upon to do odds and ends, to repair a 
cookstove, a victrola, a clock, his nurse’s rubber heel, the broken 
handle of a milk pail or a broken telephone wire, and happy is the 
man who can cope with any situation. 

First, last, and all the time, the medical missionary must stick 
to his own job. This may seem a bit paradoxical, but it is not. 
Wherever there is lack of cooperation it is generally due to a desire 
on the part of the medical missionary to make some of his temporary 
jobs permanent. The only thing that will counteract this is love for 
the medical work. The disagreeable tasks are many for any physician 
who attempts to practice tropical medicine, and it is small wonder 
that some have been tempted to look with desire on literary or some 
other “clean” job. The medical work is such a large work that we 
medical men cannot afford to let other types of missionary activity 
take away from us the position of masters in our own line. 

mi. THe Resutts. To the missionary body the result is unity, 
in which there is strength and joy. To the medical missionary, it is 
singleness of purpose, a character builder. To the native Christian, 


FORUMS 327 


it is an example worth imitating. To the outsider, it means a united 
front and a body of Christians who love one another. 


RURAL EVANGELISM—MEDICAL 


J. M. Waters, Rutlam, Central India 


At least eighty per cent of the population of India are engaged 
directly or indirectly in agriculture. With the exception of the 
aboriginal tribes who live on their little farms, the farmers have their 
homes in the villages. To reach these villagers effectively with either 
the gospel message or the blessings of modern medicine, one must go 
to them, as only a small percentage can or will come for treatment to 
a central mission station or hospital. Many of them are too timid. 
Fatalism, too, has such a hold on their lives that when sickness comes 
many of them yield to what they consider the inevitable and lie down 
to get better or die, just as fate may dictate. 

The village remedies are more crude than those used by the In- 
dian physicians in cities and larger towns. Incantations, and charms, 
braids of horse hair and peacock feathers and panther claws are 
everywhere in use, as well as some simple but more effective house- 
hold remedies. Counter-irritation with red-hot iron is everywhere 
practised for the relief of pain, and one finds these brand-marks on 
the back, abdomen, chest and forehead again and again. Even a 
child with colic may be treated in this drastic way. 

In the jungle the practice of the witch-doctor flourishes. He 
ties knotted cords around the wrist, the toes and the ankles, and 
sacrifices goats and chickens. He then collects exhorbitant fees for 
his services. 

It is an ideal arrangement when an evangelistic and a medical 
missionary can tour the villages together. Frequently, as in my case, 
the two must be combined in one. The tents are pitched in the 
neighborhood of a central village and all the surrounding hamlets 
are visited in the early morning and in the evening. In visiting a 
village the missionary is usually accompanied by one or two helpers. 
A hymn sung to one of their own familiar tunes soon draws a crowd. 
You are frequently invited to sit on someone’s verandah and from 
this point of vantage a simple message regarding the love of God 
and His readiness to forgive sin is delivered in the plainest conver- 
sational style. The story of the prodigal son with an Eastern setting 
never fails to elicit the keenest interest. A verse or two of the same 
hymn may be sung repeatedly with an invitation for all to join in. 


328 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


This the boys of the crowd usually do, and by the time the service 
is over they can frequently sing these verses unaided. 

The announcement is then made that the doctor will gladly see 
anyone who is ill. It is not long until he is face to face with the 
maimed, the halt and the blind. What tragedies are hidden in these 
villages! Here are men and women groping their weary way through 
life, with eyes that are permanently blinded by smallpox. Beside 
them are others with cataract whose sight can readily be restored by 
an operation. Here is a woman disabled with chronic rheumatism, 
a man laid aside with chronic recurring malaria with an enormously 
enlarged spleen and liver and accompanying anzemia; and, saddest of 
all, here is a young woman with phthisis who is spreading ‘the con- 
tagion with every cough. One can only breathe a prayer for her 
and point her to the Great Healer of the soul, and try to make her 
more comfortable. But perhaps, sadder still is this living-dead leper 
who looks at us through his poor bleared eyes and holds out his 
fingerless hands in supplication. We give him the contribution he 
expects, and add an invitation to come to our leper asylum where 
he will find a good home and be provided for free of charge. The 
chances are, however, that he will prefer to lead his wretched life 
as a beggar rather than go to the asylum. Other chronic and acute 
cases are seen, words of sympathy and cheer are spoken and medicine 
given or promised, and a hearty invitation given to all who are able 
to come to the camp to hear the gramaphone and see the magic 
lantern pictures. 

The dialect of the village women is often very difficult to under- 
stand, but there is a universal language comprehended by all ;—the 
touch of loving sympathy, the act of kindness, the true interest in 
their welfare. This never fails to win the confidence of the villagers 
and when once it is won, you may be able to persuade them to come 
to the hospital for more thorough treatment or for an operation. 

The afternoon finds a large number of women and girls at the 
camp where they have come to see the white women and to hear the 
gramaphone and to learn some Christian hymns. 

As soon as the men have finished their evening meal they com- 
mence to gather and the program for the evening begins. Grama- 
phone records and lantern pictures are interspersed with short ad- 
dresses and hymns. The audience usually stays as long as you wish 
to keep them, and they go away asking if they may come again the 
next night. 

The village at which our tents are pitched is usually large enough 
to have a Takhur, the local ruler of the district. Our first duty is 


FORUMS 329 


to call upon him. Very frequently there is someone in his household 
requiring medical treatment and so a friendly relationship is estab- 
lished at once. The people are much influenced by the friendly atti- 
tude of the Takhur toward the missionary. Some of these petty rulers 
are very interesting men. One whom we met while on tour had 
won two certificates for Bible knowledge while attending one of our 
mission schools. At this time he was building a small temple in his 
yard at a cost of $2,600 which, he explained, was not for himself 
but for the women. This was probably true, as the women are far 
more ardent idolaters than the men. 

Another Takhur whom we have known from his childhood ex- 
pressed very clearly and concisely the greatest obstacle to the spread 
of Christianity in India. When speaking to him of sin, its conse- 
quences and cure, he said, “Oh, you are always talking about sin; 
we Hindus never bother our heads about that.” Yes, even greater 
than the barrier of caste is the barrier of the lack of conviction of 
sin. To further illustrate this let me tell of a boy of thirteen who 
came daily to have his head treated for favus. As the doctor applied 
the medicine, he taught the lad the verse “‘Jesus Christ came into the 
world to save sinners.” “Who are sinners?” asked the boy. It was 
explained that in God’s sight we are all sinners. He replied most 
emphatically, “I’m no sinner,” and stoutly maintained that he had 
never done, thought, or said anything that was evil. “Have you 
never told a lie?’ queried the doctor. “Never, never.” “You have 
just told one,” replied the doctor. Day by day the dialogue was 
repeated, but the boy maintained that he had never done anything 
amiss. 

After a few days in a district we reluctantly leave our patients 
and push on to another center. On arriving there we have several 
mundane matters which must claim our attention. After seeking a 
clean and shady spot for the tents, we must inquire where we can 
get milk, eggs and vegetables and where we can find a clean water 
supply. We do not always care to use the water from the village 
well, even though we receive the assurance given to one of our doc- 
tors than the water is perfectly clean, as only men—and high-caste 
ones at that—are allowed to bathe in it. 

From this new center the surrounding hamlets are visited. As 
far as possible the message of healing for the sin-sick soul is given 
along with medicine for the body. Treatment for an ox, a horse or 
a goat is just as readily given as for a man, and it is probably no less 
appreciated by the farmer whose few animals constitute his only 
wealth. 


330 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


In every fair-sized village one finds a primary school. The 
small boy, the most aggressive citizen in the village, is learning to 
read. He has access to no library. He is glad to have booklets for 
sale at prices ranging from half a cent up. These are sold at a 
fraction of the cost of producing them, but the boy, in true Oriental 
style, tries to beat you down, asking two for the price of one. The 
salesman is not hard on this eager customer and before we leave the 
village he has in his library one or two gospels, a hymn book and 
perhaps a small book comparing Hinduism and Christianity along 
with some free tracts and picture cards, all purchased at an outlay 
of a few cents; and we rejoice that God has said, ““My word shall 
not return unto Me void.” 

I have been speaking as a doctor to many who are not medical 
men. I need not remind any one who has been on the foreign field 
that if you have a white face, you are also supposed to have some 
knowledge of medicine, and people will come to you for medical 
treatment. With simple remedies you can do no harm, may do much 
good, and win the gratitude and confidence of the people. My only 
advice is that you recognize your limitations. A short course in an 
institution like Livingstone Medical College, London, or some similar 
institution in this country would be a great help, si nine if you 
are to work where there is no doctor. 

A few months in a mission hospital-on the field where local 
conditions are known would be time well spent, after you have learned 
the language and are ready to begin your life’s work. You can, at 
least, look at your patient’s tongue, feel his pulse and put him on 
restricted diet, and he will be grateful for the interest you are taking, 
even though you do not know as much about medicine as you would 
like to know. 

Give definite instructions with anything you prescribe. One of 
our lady doctors neglected to do this on one occasion. She prescribed 
three powders of quinine and one large powder of Epsom salts. The — 
next day the patient’s wife came to report progress and said that 
her husband succeeded in getting down the three small powders but 
gagged on the big one. Inquiry elicited the fact that he attempted 
to swallow the powders, paper and all! 

The result of these medical-evangelistic tours is that one makes 
many friends and opens up many opportunities. Later, when these 
friends come to the hospital or visit the missionary in his home, he 
renews that friendship, adds to the teaching already given, and 
gradually leads them to the great Friend of all. 


FORUMS 331 


THE IMPORTANCE OF ELEMENTARY EDUCATION FROM THE 
MISSIONARY STANDPOINT IN LATIN AMERICA 


Oscar Buck, Presiding M4 


Bearing in mind the fundamental aim of education, namely, that 
of fitting the individual to be a useful memeber of society, and be- 
lieving that the most perfect, the only ideal society is that founded 
upon the teachings and imbued with the spirit of Jesus Christ, the 
basal importance of educational work from the missionary standpoint 
in Latin America, as in all other fields, must be recognized. 

1. AS AN EvANGELIzING AcGENcYy. This cannot be overempha- 
sized. The establishing of religious contacts with peoples that are 
alien to us in language and culture is never an easy task. Perhaps 
it is nowhere more difficult than in Latin America, where religious 
prejudice on the one hand and indifferentism and often bitter hos- 
tility toward all religion on the other, are marked characteristics. 
Under such circumstances the lack of educational advantages that 
are at all adequate to the needs, and the eager demand for such ad- 
vantages, provide the opportunity for the desired contact between the 
missionary and the people. A good school need never lack pupils. 

It goes without saying that the intimate, personal, daily contact 
of the teacher with the pupil, and that, too, in the most impression- 
able period of life, when modes of thought are being shaped, habits 
are being formed and character is being established, provides an un- 
excelled opportunity for the inculcation of ideas and the presentation 
of ideals that will most powerfully influence the whole after life of 
the pupil. But not only is the pupil himself influenced, but through 
him the family, and sometimes the whole community, from which 
he comes. Especially is this true in the boarding schools, for which 
there is a great demand in Latin America. Pupils come to these 
schools oftentimes from remote regions where the evangelical worker 
seldom or never can go; and thus his influence is made to reach far 
beyond limits that would otherwise be possible. 

Because of the better educational advantages that are usually 
found in the evangelical mission schools, and frequently because of 
the recognizedly higher moral tone that characterizes the atmosphere 
of these schools, many parents who are indifferent or even hostile to 
religion, and in some instances, those who are religious, but who have 
been taught to fear evangelical Christianity, entrust the training of 
their sons and daughters to the mission schools. Thus again the 
influence of the educational worker ramifies into groups that might 


332 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


otherwise be inaccessible. It is not claimed that this always, or even 
usually, results in the open avowal of evangelical principles, but it 
has a powerful influence. The primary fact remains that thus the 
individual student, and often through him his whole family and 
community are brought into such personal and vital contact with the 
ideals of Jesus that they cannot escape and never wholly lose the 
influence of those ideals. 

11. As A MouupeEr oF SocraL Orper. Educational work in its 
complete expression, as the trainer of the hand, the head and the 
heart, is the great shaper and moulder of the social order. What 
this order shall be is determined in its last analysis by what its con- 
stituent elements are led to become: by the character and conduct 
of the individual. The most powerful human factor in the forma- 
tion of character and the fixing of ideals that influence conduct, 
aside from the home, is the school. No worthy and enduring social 
order can be founded on ignorance. The best and highest order 
must rest on the noblest principles and the highest ideals. These 
are found in the precepts and life of Jesus, and are best and most 
effectively inculcated in society through the influence of the Christian 
school on the individual in his formative period of life. 

The importance of educational work in the initial formation of 
the Christian community in Latin America has already been inti- 
mated ; its essential place in the preservation of that community must 
be insisted upon. The schools that are available to the youth of 
Latin America, other than the mission schools and colleges, belong, 
practically without exception, to one or the other of two classes: 
(a) those that are under the control of the Roman church, in which 
the religious instruction and example are not calculated to develop 
the best and highest motives and program of conduct; or (b) those 
that are under the direction and instruction of persons who are 
openly and avowedly, even sometimes blatantly, skeptical, and actively 
hostile to all religion. The very few exceptions to the rule only 
serve to accentuate it. It is evident that it is not safe to entrust the 
instruction of youth to any school of either of these two classes, if 
they belong to the evangelical community and it is wished to per- 
petuate, not to speak of extending that community. The establish- 
ment and maintenance of an efficient educational work under mis- 
sionary auspices is therefore vital to the missionary movement. 

11%. As A PropucerR oF LEADERSHIP. Competent, honest, un- 
selfish leadership is vital to any enduring social order. Latin America 
has had and still has much intelligent leadership; but, unfortunately, 
all too often such leadership has been neither unselfish nor honest. 


FORUMS 333 


Hence the lack of a progress commensurable with the often splendid 
programs that have been evolved and enunciated. Selfishness is a 
human frailty that is confined to no single people or group of peoples, 
and is peculiar to no culture. But an excessive individualism that 
fosters a correspondingly great and widespread egoism, seems to 
have been one of the untoward legacies that has fallen to Latin 
America from her historic antecedents. There is no remedy for this 
condition, whether in Latin America or in Anglo-Saxon America, 
but the altruism of Jesus, made vital in human experience through 
what He called “being born again, or from above.” The presentation 
of this altruism can be most adequately and effectively made through 
Christian educational work. The precept and example of conse- 
crated and capable Christian instructors is needed. The Christian 
school can and should be made a little society in which the spirit of 
Jesus is regnant; in which the essential solidarity of society is incul- 
cated both by precept and example ; in which each component element, 
whether instructor or pupil, endeavors to merge his interests and 
contribute his efforts toward the good of others and of the whole. 
Lessons thus learned in a concrete, practical way, during the more 
impressionable period of life, cannot fail to make a lasting impress; 
and the leaders who emerge during their school career, or after it, 
who have been the subjects of such instruction and of such an en- 
vironment, cannot but see the practical application of Christian ideals 
and precepts to the larger affairs of society, whether in the social, 
industrial, political or religious spheres. 

To sum up: Educational work is vital from the missionary stand- 
point in Latin America, because it is a most effective evangelizing 
agency; because it offers the most promising, and apparently the 
indispensable, means for the establishment of a society informed by 
the principles and imbued with the spirit of Jesus; and because tt 
promises the highest type of intelligent, capable and unselfish leader- 
ship for all the varied forms of human activity and organization. 


SOME FACTORS INFLUENCING ELEMENTARY EDUCATION IN 
MISSION FIELDS TODAY 


M. C. Leaman 


In the very few minutes at our disposal may we address our- 
selves to the problem of identifying a few factors that are shaping 
elementary educational policy in mission lands today and noting what 
account the student volunteer should take of these factors in his 


334 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


choice of a field, in his preparation for work, and in his attitude after 
reaching the field. 

The natural development of missionary and governmental edu- 
cational effort, great economic changes in the Orient, and a strong 
wave of nationalism in nearly all eastern countries have all com- 
bined to bring about three factors that are now and will continue to 
be very potential in influencing elementary educational. policy in 
mission lands. 

The first of these is a direct outgrowth of the spirit of national- 
ism, now pervading the Orient. It is the conception: that all educa- 
tion and particularly elementary education is a function of and must 
be controlled by the State for political and cultural purposes. The 
logical outcome of this conception is found in the strong control 
which the government exercises over elementary education in Japan 
and Korea. Where this view prevails mission schools with their 
strong emphasis on the worth of individual personality are neces-- 
sarily regarded as more or less disturbing factors, not fitting into a 
state-devised scheme to produce citizens of a certain type of loyalty 
to the government. This is now true in Japan and Korea and is 
fast developing in India, China and parts of Africa. 

The second of these does not come so exclusively from the spirit 
of nationalism but from all three of the above enumerated causes. 
It is the rapidly increasing number of schools which are under public 
management. Missionaries were pioneers in education in many lands. 
Up to as late as 1917 in many mission lands mission schools formed — 
95 per cent of all schools available for children of school going age. 
Colonial governments are in some cases placing greater stress on 
elementary education, and are putting all available funds at their dis- 
posal to the increase of elementary schools. Acts providing for com- 
pulsory primary education under a local option scheme have been 
passed in a number of the provinces of British India. In the Philip- 
pine Islands the United States Government has undertaken a system 
of education beside which missionary elementary education looks 
small by numerical comparison. 

The third of these, missionary educational effort in common 
with government effort has helped to produce. It is the demand for 
much more exacting standards of efficiency in schools. Dr. Paul 
Monroe of Teachers’ College, Columbia University, New York, holds 
that the standards :for professional attainment among teachers are 
higher in Japan than in the United States. The demand for the 
best, now so strong in the West, is beginning to show itself in the 
East. Governments are beginning to lay great stress on the training 


FORUMS 335 


of teachers. Modified forms of intelligence tests for adaptation to 
oriental conditions are being tried out in most eastern schools. Edu- 
cational commissions consisting of joint representation of experts 
from western schools and eastern missionary and government systems 
are working out standards and policies for eastern primary education. 
Any deficiency in mission schools is being clearly shown up in the 
limelight of competition with the rapidly increasing number of gov- 
ernment schools of modern type. No mission school can accurately 
represent the Christ for which it stands and show a weak adminis- 
tration in comparison with non-Christian Government or national 
schools. 

Now in view of the foregoing, let us bring home to ourselves a 
few considerations that must be recognized by the student volunteer 
and which should help in framing his policy as a missionary, having 
to do with elementary education on the field. 

The prospective missionary must have a very clear idea of the 
nature of the education he goes to impart, and of what he expects 
to accomplish for God’s Kingdom thereby. His conviction is taken 
for granted, but clear thinking and an accurate perception of values 
is also necessary. He will find no thoroughly worked-out policy of 
missionary education on the field to which he goes. He will need 
to contribute to that end. He will need to be a keen and sympathetic 
student of the culture of the non-Christian people to whom he goes. 
The economic condition and climatic environment, the psychology 
and ethnology of the people all come in as necessary fields for study. 
Prevailing government systems of education and the relation of his 
schools thereto must be thoroughly understood. The Report of the 
Commission on Village Education for India should be gone through 
carefully by every intending missionary educationist for India. The 
same for China and Africa now that the reports for these countries 
are available. . 

The prospective missionary will need to be thoroughly sym- 
pathetic toward the culture of the people to whom he goes, even the 
most primitive. In shaping his curricula for schools he will need to 
retain all of this culture that is compatible with Christian principle, 
and use it as a base for development. As an American he may need 
to put forth effort to get rid of a naive provincialism as to things 
educational in his own land. Customs and traits at first appearing 
crude and valueless and sometimes harmful may finally prove assets 
in forming an educational policy. The national aspirations of the 
people among whom he works should receive recognition in his schools 


336 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


and his own love of country should not be projected to lengths where 
it clashes with indigenous cultures and ambitions. 

The missionary must go forth with a determination that the best 
only is sufficient for his work so far as training, method, lofty pur- 
pose, hard work and all that goes to make up a good school are 
concerned. He will most likely find that the old days when mis- 
sionary education had prestige because of its western characteristics 
and because it stood for the only education available, are past. He 
may find it necessary to run less schools and better schools with the 
same outlay of expenditure in order to make the Christianizing con- 
tribution he must make. 

He will need to go with a determination that his educational 
policy shall never conform to prevailing systems to such an extent 
as to make it impossible for his schools to function in the develop- 
ment of individual Christian personality. Prevailing governmental, 
both colonial and native, systems will present this danger. To radiate 
the glowing personality of Jesus in the staff and course of study and 
in all connected with his schools must ever be his aim. 


ELEMENTARY EDUCATION IN AFRICA 
Mrs. E. A. JoHNSTON 


At the general conference of all the mission boards operating in 
the Belgian Congo, Mr. E. C. Moon of the American Baptists said, 
“Mission education must somehow find a point of contact with and a 
method of procedure in dealing with a race whose past has touched 
our own at no discoverable point.” This point of contact is Jesus 
Christ. 

In our African elementary schools we have three divisions—the 
physical, intellectual and the moral or spiritual. Lessons in agri- 
culture, carpentry, bricklaying, crafts, hygiene and protection against 
disease and insects offer training for the first. “Book-learning”— 
mostly the three R’s—constitutes the second, while the third is given 
in the teachings of Christ and His spirit. 

The training of native teachers is done at the station school, and 
is very important. These native teachers, the product of the station 
school and the white missionary, go out to the village schools and 
village life, returning at intervals to attend normal school institutes 
conducted by the missionaries. 

Let us appreciate the splendid opportunity for real constructive 
work in education that exists in the Congo; and not underestimate 


FORUMS Bar 


the importance of thorough preparation for educational missionaries, 
for unless we have well-trained missionaries we cannot expect to 
have well-trained native teachers. 


ELEMENTARY EDUCATION IN CHINA 
Bernic—E M. Woop, Kiangsu, China 


The present is a period of transition, so far as educational work 
in China is concerned. The old Confucian schools which still exist 
are rapidly giving way to government schools, which stress science, 
English and other characteristically western subjects. There is, to 
be sure, in most of these a regrettable superficiality in the classical 
Chinese. The National Phonetic system is now being taught both 
in government and mission schools, especially throughout Central 
China. The introduction this year of the 6—6— 4 plan of school 
organization—6 years’ Primary, 6 years’ Middle School and 4 years’ 
Higher Education, has affected a great change in education through- 
out China. 

Some problems are the pitifully inadequate number of schools, 
prejudice against the education of girls among certain classes, self- 
help on the part of students, and a menacing poverty of adequately 
educated Christian teachers, especially women. 

Some desirable qualifications for prospective mission elementary 
school workers are ability to train and supervise native teachers, 
oversee building operations and supervision of boarding schools. 

The aim of the mission elementary school must be constantly 
evangelistic. Methods, organization and machinery are futile unless 
the children are led to a definite heart knowledge of Jesus Christ as 
their personal Saviour and Lord. 


EDUCATIONAL WORK IN AFRICA 
Epitn Maer Bett, Rhodesia 


I have been asked to speak of my own experiences in Africa, 
where I was privileged to do pioneer educational work, organizing 
the Mutambara School for Girls in Rhodesia. 

The people of this community were very friendly, and they 
gladly accepted us as their teachers. From the day we arrived, after 
five days of travel on an ox team, crowds of children came “to learn.” 

We could not wait for the erection of proper buildings, so began 


338 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


our educational work in the great outdoors, where there is always 
room for all who come. 

Our greatest difficulty was lack of equipment. This was met 
by the use of an alphabet sheet, torn from a primer and placed before 
those who desired to learn. Later a stamping outfit was secured, 
and muslin charts were made. As the children sat on the ground 
I pointed to the letters, repeating them over and over until the sounds 
took on meaning and became associated with particular marks on 
these muslin charts. From such a beginning, rapid progress was 
made. The spoken language became a written one, and most of the 
pupils learned to read with surprising ease. 

One cannot, in a short talk, tell of the many subjects to be 
taught by missionaries in such a field as mine. We are told that this 
is an age of specialization. This may be true for some parts of the 
world, but I would advise those who plan to go to Africa to have 
quite a wealth of specialties. My declared specialty was education; 
my other specialties were gardening, sewing, brickmaking, building, 
treating diseased bodies, writing hymns, translating Bible stories, 
CLE TCC 

An interesting subject for discussion would be the theory that 
an African child on reaching adolescence loses his power to grasp 
thought and retain very much that he has learned. Being deeply 
interested in this assertion, I took special care with several boys and 
girls of the age when development is said to cease. I planned, in my | 
experiment, to keep their minds pleasantly occupied with affairs other 
than tribal customs and indulgences. I found in recording results, that 
through response to this care their development was equal to that of 
children of any other race under similar circumstances. One can- 
not, however, on the basis of this experiment, covering only five 
years, claim that all Negro children will develop to the same degree. 
I believe the matter deserves further study, and if those who serve 
in Africa will give more careful attention to children of adolescent 
age, I believe the next generation will produce not a few but many 
more like Professor Aggrey. . 

The present opportunity in Africa is great. Education is wanted 
and needed. Nine-tenths of the education in the past, except ’in 
Mohammedan territory, has been in the hands of missionaries. Gov- 
ernments welcome you, and the African throws out the challenge to 
American youth to come and train them for Christian leadership. 
The Phelps-Stokes Fund has provided scientific investigation, the 
British Government has appointed an Advisory Committee on Edu- 
cation, missionary interests are represented on the committee, which 


FORUMS 339 


provides splendid opportunity for consultation and cooperation be- 
tween missions and governments in educational affairs. No greater 
opportunity could be found for investment of the exuberant Chris- 
tian desire for helpfulness on the part of American young people than 
Africa offers today. 


SECONDARY AND HIGHER EDUCATION FOR MEN 
(REPORT OF FORUM DISCUSSION) 


Lucius C. Porter 


The following questions were raised in the forum on Secondary 
and Higher Education for Men: 


1. What is being taught in the Christian colleges of India and 
China? 

2. What is the government’s attitude in India toward mis- 
sionary education? 

3. Is the British government doing its best for the Indian 
peoples in the matter of education? 

4. Should Catholic Christians in the Philippine Islands be con- 
verted to Protestantism? 

5. Are the younger Catholics in the Philippines and South 
America becoming agnostics? 


6. Does the caste system in India hold back education? 

7. To what extent is the Christian influence of a teacher 
curbed in a Chinese government school? 

8. What value is there in educational experience in America 


before going to an overseas field? 

9g. Would it be wise to send Catholic priests from America to 
the Philippines and South America rather than Protestant 
missionaries ? 

10. What kind of geography and history are taught in the 
schools of China? 

11. How can an educator in the tropics keep in good physical 
condition ? 


The discussion was all the more valuable because of the presence 
of Chinese, Hindu and Philippine nationals, who presented the 
nationalistic viewpoint in the discussion. 


340 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


SECONDARY EDUCATION IN CHINA 
Ws. H. Gteysteen, Peking 


At present, the high-schools in China are regarded pretty gen- 
erally as affording the Christian Church its greatest educational 
opportunity. Some would even go so far as to say its supreme 
evangelistic opportunity. If a student, during these formative years 
of his life, gets a vision of Jesus Christ as his Savior and Leader 
individually and socially he will go out among men a constructive 
force, a radiating center of life. Many of the pupils live in the 
dormitories, and this makes a common school-life possible. Where 
there is a strong Christian atmosphere, the influence of the school 
upon the lives of the pupils is perhaps as great a Christian force as 
can be found. English and Bible are the subjects most commonly 
taught by the teacher from the West, though he may teach Western 
History, Psychology, etc. Not a few of the graduates go on to 
college, but many are not able to continue their studies. 

This is a day of openness and receptivity in China. Students 
welcome anything and are eager to give everyone a hearing. The 
Christian teacher never had a greater chance. If he combine a high 
type of Christian faith and character with ability to teach, his sphere 
of influence is beyond measure. 

The economic situation is such that there is a growing conviction 
that the secondary school should provide some sort of vocational 
education, with actual participation in the trade and mastery of the 
technique. Some of the Christian High Schools are tackling this 
problem. Christianity has always given large opportunity to the 
poor: this is incidentally a means of enabling poor boys to get an 
education. If the Christian High School can give high grade courses 
in agriculture, commerce, and industry, it will make a most valuable 
contribution to society, and will also help the Church by adding to 
its membership young men trained for economic leadership in the 
world of commerce and industry. Effort along these lines will have 
abundant reward. 

There is no more attractive calling than that of the Christian 
teacher in fellowship with the High School pupils of China. They 
are bright, alert, and avid for the best in science and religion. They 
are interested in interpreting life. As there is a lamentable dearth 
of properly trained teachers, the Christian educator from the West 
should hear a call in this state of affairs. The doors are hospitably 
open now. Some day they will be shut. It is while the iron is hot 
that the telling blow is struck. 


FORUMS 341 


SECONDARY AND HIGHER EDUCATION FOR WOMEN 
(SUMMARY OF FORUM ADDRESSES) 


MarGARET BuRTON 


Miss Eno, a member of the Faculty of the Isabella Thoburn 
College, gave a general survey of the needs and opportunities 
open to American women in Christian schools and colleges in India, 
outlining the curricula, both in secondary schools and in colleges, 
and indicating the kind of preparation which girls, expecting to teach 
in India, should have. Miss Eno explained the relation of the work 
in the Christian schools to the educational requirements of the Gov- 
ernment. She stated in answer to questions that it was highly de- 
sirable that women expecting to teach in secondary schools should 
have both a bachelor’s and a master’s degree, and that a doctor’s 
degree would be a great asset for those who hope to be on college 
faculties. Miss Edwards, an English woman, and member of the 
faculty of a college in Lahore, shared with Miss Eno in the answer- 
ing of questions regarding the qualifications and preparation needed 
for educational work in India. 

Miss Isabella Bux, a graduate of the Isabella Thoburn College, 
spoke on the subject of the qualifications which the girls of India 
most desire in their teachers. She spoke first of the fact that a 
teacher must not only be thoroughly well acquainted with her subject, 
but must be able to impart her knowledge of it to her students— 
in other words, she must be not only a scholar, but a teacher. Miss 
Bux emphasized this fact by saying that if the girls in a college 
in India failed in a single one of the year’s subjects, they could not 
pass the Government examinations, and would, therefore, lose their 
whole year’s work. The second qualification which Miss Bux em- 
phasized was that the Indian girls desired their teachers to be 
interested in everything which concerned their lives, not simply 
in their ability to learn. The third qualification which she made was 
that the women who come from other countries to teach in India 
must be willing to cooperate with Indian women teachers to the fullest 
possible extent. She spoke of the fact that an increasing number 
of women of India are receiving sufficient education to enable them 
to take leading positions in the schools and colleges of the country 
and American and British women must be willing, if necessary, to 
work under an Indian head of a department. 

Miss Alice Huggins, Principal of the American School for girls, 
in Tunghaien, North China, gave a clear picture of the needs and 


342 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


opportunities in secondary school work in North China, mentioning 
the. subjects which most need emphasis and those for which there 
is less demand at present. She stated that in her judgment it was 
more important for a teacher in a secondary school in China to have 
had experience in educational work than to have higher degrees. 
It was pointed out by other educators from China that the conditions 
in secondary education vary greatly in different sections of Ching, 
some being much more advanced than others. 

Miss Josephine Sailer, a former member of the Faculty of the 
Yen Ching Union College for Women, Pekin, spoke out of her own 
experience of college teaching in China on the subject of what 
American college women have to give to Chinese college girls. She 
emphasized the importance of taking the extra-curricula activities of 
American colleges to the Chinese girls who are too apt to want to 
give their whole time and attention to study. She brought out the 
enrichment which could be brought to them through the introduction 
of such college customs as evening sings, college athletics and the 
like. Miss Sailer also emphasized the great value of experience in 
educational work in America before beginning work in China. She 
pointed out the fact that the difficulty of adjustment which comes to 
every college girl upon her graduation is greatly emphasized in the 
case of Chinese girls who return to communities where they are 
practically the only educated women, or who go to teach in schools 
on the faculties of which they are the only Chinese college graduates. 
A part of the task of the college teacher is, therefore, to teach her 
subjects in such a way as to bring out its applications and thus to 
reduce the difficulties of adjustment as much as possible. Miss Sailer 
spoke also of the desire of the Chinese woman student for religious 
guidance. She pointed out that most of them, having been educated 
in mission schools are thoroughly acquainted with the Bible and have 
been accustomed to talk about religion and to take part in religious 
exercises. College education in China, however, as in America, raises 
new questions on which they need light. Moreover, they need to be 
helped to make practical application of Christian truth to the problems 
of their personal life and to the social problems which they as college 
women must face and help to solve. 

Miss Twila Lytton, a former member of the faculty of the 
Women’s Christian College of Tokyo, outlined the situation in regard 
to secondary and coliege education in Japan, giving the main outlines 
of the curricula and discussing the preparation needed for high school 
or college teaching. She stated that it was not, in her judgment, 
necessary for any great number of teachers in Japan, at the present 


FORUMS 343 


time, to have higher degrees, but emphasized what Miss Huggins 
and Miss Sailer had said regarding the value of experience in edu- 
cational work. 

Miss Helen Kim, a graduate of the Ewa School for Girls, Seoul, 
Korea, reported that within the last few weeks of 1923 land had 
been purchased for a woman’s college in Seoul, and spoke of the 
great opportunities for such a college. She then spoke of the kind 
of women who were desired as teachers in the schools of Korea. 
She reiterated what Miss Bux had said of the importance of having 
teachers who were interested in the whole life of the students, and 
whose characters would be a constant inspiration to their students. 
While not minimizing the importance of intellectual equipment, Miss 
Kim laid first emphasis upon character and personality. 


GIRLS’ COLLEGE WORK IN CHINA 


There are in China three Christian colleges for girls, one in 
Peking, one in Nanking and one in Foochow. Besides these there 
are in Shantung province, in Shanghai and in Canton, men’s col- 
leges which have opened their doors to girls. Altogether there are 
between three and four hundred Chinese girls doing college grade 
work in Christian institutions. 

I suppose that as you think of these Chinese college girls the 
question in your minds is this: if I were to go out to teach in one of 
these colleges, what would I be able to do for the girls there? What 
do they need that we American college girls can give them? 

Now I think no one of you could be in one of those new colleges 
very long without feeling that its life lacked some of the things that 
made your own college life mean most to you. You might find, 
as some of us found who came to Peking not very long ago, that your 
Chinese college girls don’t have any college songs, that they don’t 
know anything to sing together except hymns. And if college singing 
has been one of the things that added to the joy of your own college 
life, you will want to introduce it over there. It can’t be transplanted 
allin a month. If you start by calling the girls together for a song 
practice, most likely no one will come. You'll have to be tactful in 
bringing up the subject of singing when you’re talking informally 
with the girls, teaching them a little here and a little there. It may 
seem to go very slowly, but at last, at a college party some evening 
you'll start a song and you'll find it really goes with something like 
volume and something like swing. The girls at once will catch your 
enthusiasm, and college singing will be started. 


344 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


Perhaps you will work up a college basketball team. That will 
present its difficulties, too. You'll find that people “lose face” when 
you call a sharp foul and grow depressed and want to stop playing. 
It will be for you to help the girls to take criticism and learn by it. 
Perhaps there will be a struggle over the question of sending a chal- 
lenge to a stronger team; and another as to the matter of continuing 
to play hard even when losing. But some day you will see your 
team play a hard game and play it well to the end, lose it and then 
sing to the winning team with all their might, and you will feel as 
you hear them, that your Chinese college girls are learning the mean- 
ing of sportsmanship as you learned it on your own campus. 

There are so many other things that you can bring to these 
Chinese colleges from the richness of your own college life—from 
the stunt parties you’ve shared in, from the plays you’ve helped to 
put on, and from the committee work you’ve learned to carry through. 
You don’t realize now—and you won't perhaps until you find yourself 
over there—how much you do have to give just because you are an 
American college girl; how much, if you are patient and willing to 
work things out in a Chinese way, you can contribute to college life 
in China; and how delightful it will be to do it. 

You'll find another delight in your class-room teaching, after 
you have grown accustomed to simplifying and clarifying your class- 
room English so that the first stiffness of language difficulty has 
worn off. The girls are so responsive to new ideas. In fact what 
they want are the newest ideas in every line. No social or economic 
theory is too radical, no educational theory is too modern for them. 
They want to know what evolution means, they are ready to attack 
Bible problems and other problems in an amazingly matter-of-fact 
way. Their mental alertness and keenness will be a joy to you. 

But you can do more for them in your classes than giving them 
the latest theories and reference books. You will come to realize 
that you must do more for them than that. For as you grow in 
intimacy with the girls and make friendships that continue after they 
have left college, you will learn something of the problems they 
meet when at last they get out into the world. 

Where do they go? What do they do? Well, the chances are 
that a girl, when she leaves college, is going back to her home town 
or back to her “mother school.” There she must try to make the 
theories about life that she has learned at college enrich and enlarge 
the lives of her girl and women friends, the lives of the little chil- 
dren whom she teaches. And this is in no sense easy. 

The first thing that makes it hard is the great difference be- 


FORUMS 345 


tween knowing how a thing ought to be done and really doing it that 
way; the difference between the socialized class-room that the books 
talk about and an actual roomful of kiddies who snicker and need 
handkerchiefs.. Some of you know now, and the rest of you soon 
will know how hard it is to come from the college class-room full 
of bright theories and take hold of real conditions. The difficulty 
is greater for the Chinese girls than it is for us. I think they antici- 
pate it less. Filled with their inherited respect for formulated knowl- 
edge, for principles that can be read in print and taken down in note 
books, they somehow feel that to have thought out the solution to a 
problem is to have solved the problem itself, and their first clash 
with reality often brings an intense disappointment and discour- 
agement. 

Of course the people back in the home schools and home towns 
are hoping for great things from these college girls. Yet when they 
start making actual suggestions of change they meet so often just 
a supercilious, unresponsive smile—the smile of the experienced 
worker for the superior young college girl with her new fangled 
notions. This situation, too, is harder to meet in China than it is 
here; for there traditional ways of doing things are much more 
deeply established than here. The attitude of the college girl herself 
often calls out and intensifies this antagonism toward her ideas. A 
young college graduate was visiting the lower school where she had 
studied recently with a view to taking a position there as teacher. 
Now any school principal in China can grow eloquent about the dif- 
ficulty of getting enough passable teachers to provide one for every 
grade. This school had done remarkably well. “You evidently 
don’t know,” observed this little new A.B. to her former principal, 
“that the latest educational practice is to divide each grade into a 
brighter and a slower section with a separate teacher for each.” 
The principal concluded that she could get along better with a teacher 
who had not had the advantage of college courses in education. 

One other thing makes home life hard for the college graduate 
—intellectual loneliness. To be the only college graduate in your 
town, or in a section as big as a state; to have no one who sees things 
as you do, who understands what you are trying to do, or who talks 
the language of ideas which has come to mean so much to you— 
this is a loneliness more complete than many of us have ever known 
or will ever have to meet. She might find intellectual companions in 
her foreign associates in work, but perhaps they shut her out from 
their comradeship by the half-conscious racial distinctions which they 
draw. 


346 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


The discouragement of handling real situations, the friction of 
new ideas on old, the bitter loneliness of intellectual isolation; that 
is what we are sending our girls out to meet. We hear of those 
who have gotten into desperate tangles. We know the dread in the 
hearts of others, still in college, as they look forward to the struggle; 
and we cannot find it in our hearts to blame them as they seek for 
ways of avoiding or postponing the issue, perhaps by keeping on and 
on with study, perhaps by going to America, perhaps by taking 
positions far from home in the congenial atmosphere of a student 
center. 

But in the end they cannot avoid the issue, and it is for us to 
help them to meet it. As you feel this responsibility on you, you 
will not be satisfied to stand in your class-room and talk theories and 
discuss principles and recommend reference books. You must have 
something to give that will help your girls through the trials that 
will come, when they try to put their theories into practice. And 
so you must have had experience in working out your own theories— 
school experience if you are teaching education, and actual social 
work if your line is Sociology. Your experience should include work 
not only in America, but under Chinese conditions as well. You will 
want to know how to guide your girls in putting some piece of prac- 
tical work through to its conclusion—conducting a school for poor 
children or helping a needy Chinese family to get onto its feet. 

As we want to give courage to our girls, so must we live with | 
courage our own lives, face squarely up to our own problems and 
work them out with patience. Only as we find courage, singleness 
of purpose, generosity and humbleness of spirit in our companionship 
with Christ, shall we have these things to sharé with our girls,— 
that they may endure through the hard days, and have a part in 
building the Kingdom of God in China. 


EDUCATION AND ITS IMPORTANCE IN THE MISSIONARY 
ENTERPRISE IN CHINA 


Joun W. Citne, Formerly President Soochow University, Soochow, China 


Education has been an important agency of missionary work 
from the beginning, both because of need and because of opportunity. 
It has played the role respectively of forerunner, pioneer, leader and 
co-worker with government educational effort. It is today no less 
necessary and far more difficult than ever before. One may criticize 
it or one may boast over it, in either case it speaks for itself. 


FORUMS 347 


Almost all kinds and grades of effort, from the kindergarten to 
University and professional training, have been attempted at some 
time and somewhere. In spite of the highly praiseworthy accom- 
plishments in the organization of a national scheme of education, 
missionary institutions of all grades and departments continue to be 
taxed to the utmost of their capacity. 

China has been set in her ways of thinking and of living for 
centuries. The present disintegration and reorganization of all things 
affects the youth of the country most and makes education tremen- 
dously popular. Western education is sought because it interprets 
life in its modern settings and outlook. 

China will be transformed through her young. The outside 
world of thought and life is coming to China through them. Do we 
wonder that they are disturbed and distraught; that values in social 
and religious life are upset ;.that nothing is accepted as good without 
question? There are progressive liberating forces at work through- 
out China, but they must be mobilized. There is no lack of thinking 
and of activity, but it must all be stabilized and this “new” life must 
“establish its goings.” In a word, the “climate of Chinese life is 
being changed.” 

The Christian school has a big place in China because of its 
equipment for long sustained personal contacts in this critical period 
of change. As long as interpretative fellowship characterizes the 
missionary educational program, its possible contribution to China, 
and especially Christian China, is unlimited. 

Thorough preparation is needed on the part of all those going 
into educational work, preparation in terms of quality more than in 
terms of quantity. In all Oriental countries scholastic degrees play 
a large part in winning the confidence of the people. This cannot 
be overlooked. The times demand careful study and equipment along 
the technical lines of one’s work. Cultural and social accomplish- 
ments are of great importance—music, athletics and whatever else can 
make the other intellectual and spiritual qualifications more attractive 
and effective. There must be the surrender of the whole man. 


TEACHING OF SPECIAL SUBJECTS—INTRODUCTORY REMARKS 


T. H. P. Samer, Associate Educational Advisor, Presbyterian Board of Foreign 
Missions 


In the early days of the missionary enterprise most missionaries, 
by mere virtue of a college education in America, stood in western 


348 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


learning far above the natives of the countries to which they went, 
and were qualified to instruct them in almost any subject, with the 
aid of a few old textbooks. More recently three tendencies have 
changed this situation. In the first place, the general standard of 
education has risen and the fundamental facts of modern learning 
are well circulated. Second, as any work develops it naturally be- 
comes more specialized in function. Missionary institutions grow 
and need larger faculties with teachers set apart for single subjects 
or parts of subjects. Third, there is much keener competition from 
government and private schools and from returned students who have 
taken M.A.’s and often Ph.D.’s in western countries. For all these 
reasons we now need a certain number of teachers well qualified in 
special subjects. 


TEACHING SPECIALTIES MOST NEEDED IN CHINA 


J. C. Garritt, D.D., President Emeritus of the Nanking Theological Seminary, 
China 


Those who are choosing a teaching specialty should seek in early 
college days to lay as broad a cultural foundation as possible, for 
after their specialized course has begun, the wider subjects will be 
increasingly difficult to overtake. The missionary, especially, needs 
broad foundations. While there are many fields where high speciali- 
zation is required, even there the exigencies of the work often demand 
that one should teach subjects quite outside the field of his special 
preparation. 

( There is urgent need for trained teachers in scentific lines, also 
in philosophy; such subjects as home economics, sociology, etc., are 
attracting much attention. The need for trained theological teachers 
is specially acute, since the various fields are urgently calling for a 
native ministry with as thorough training in the Bible, Church His- 
tory, Biblical and Practical Theology, etc., as is given in theological 
schools in Christian lands. } 


TEACHING SPECIFIC SUBJECTS IN THE PHILIPPINES 
E. K. Hicpon 


My convictions on this matter grow in part out of an experience 
of attempting to teach a specific subject with very little special train- 
ing for it. Someone was needed to take the chair of Old Testament 


FORUMS 349 


History and Literature in the Union Theological Seminary of the 
Philippine Islands. It fell to my lot because I was not overburdened 
with other tasks just then. For more than three years before my 
furlough I was compelled to spend entirely too much time working 
out the courses, and upon my return home requested an extension 
of furlough in order that I might take special work in Old Testament 
study. 

In the Philippines the government is asking for men and women 
qualified to teach English in the public schools. These teachers are 
assigned to high school, normal school and university work. The 
missions are not adequately enough manned to warrant calling out 
missionaries to give entire time to the teaching of that one subject. 
However, institutions like Silliman Institute and the Union Theologi- 
cal Seminary need teachers who have done special work in English 
and history and who know how to teach. 

The Union Seminary hasa high school department and a two- 
year pre-theological course. All the English work for the six years 
is taught by Americans. The Divinity School offers a three-year 
course mapped out along the lines usually followed in the Seminaries 
of America, and each department is headed by a missionary who 
has had specific training for his job. For several years to come 
there will be need of specialists in the fields of religious education, 
church history, social service, the philosophy and psychology of re- 
ligion, Old Testament, New Testament, and practical and systematic 
theology. 

In the other mission training schools the type of teaching needed 
is more general in character, but a missionary seldom, if ever, finds 
that any specialized preparation he may have had comes amiss. 

A candidate who is planning to go to the Philippines to teach a 
specific subject would do well to begin the study of Spanish just as 
early in his highschool or college course as he possibly can and to 
continue that study until he has not only a good conversational knowl- 
edge of the language, but also a sufficient knowledge of old Spanish’ 
to enable him to dig into the literature. That preparation will help 
him understand the people, their history, and the background against 
which the Filipino still does much of his thinking. 


TEACHING SPECIFIC SUBJECTS IN EAST CHINA 
D. L. SHERERTZ 


In East China with the increasing number of well-prepared 
returned students, English is the one subject which we Americans 


350 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


need especially to teach as part of the whole missionary program. 
To be able to speak English is not to have the ability to teach it. 
Even college courses in China hardly more than parallel American 
High School courses in English literature, so the point to keep in 
mind is how to give the student English that is used in everyday 
work, in business and in the getting of knowledge, using English as 
a medium. | 

Another consideration of much importance is that the missionary 
under the present circumstances of our work in China must be a 
specialist. At the same time he must be a missionary and an all- 
round worker. It usually works out that for one-half or more of 
one’s time he must be working in the line of his speciality, and for 
the rest he must be cooperating in the things that make the whole 
enterprise a success. — 

In my mind no new missionary to East China should go out 
with the ambition to be or become the head of an institution or a 
department in an institution. Fully equipped for work as head, he 
does well to go glad of the opportunity to work with or under a 
native head, realizing deeply the beauty and truth of Jesus’ teaching 
that the greatest is the “servant of all.” 


THE RELATION OF TEACHERS OF SPECIAL SUBJECTS TO 
MISSION BOARDS 


There are many problems in the relationships of teachers of 
special subjects to Mission Boards. In the first place, the more 
specialized the subject, naturally the more restricted the demand for 
it at any one time. A person who could give musical instruction 
only in playing the French horn could probably find a living only 
in a great city, while a teacher of the piano or violin could afford to 
live in a small town. The demands of missionary colleges are nat- . 
urally much smaller at any one time than those of institutions in 
this country. 

2. The demand of any one Board is still more limited. More- 
over, demand and supply are seldom exactly equal. For instance, 
a Board may need five kindergartners in a given year and have only 
two applicants, or may have five applicants when there is a demand 
for only two. 

3. Candidates sometimes have preferences for certain fields, 
which narrow the choice still more. 

4. As a consequence a candidate may face a fourfold alterna- 
tive: first, to accept a position in some other mission field than the 


FORUMS 351 


one preferred; second, to postpone sailing until there is an opening 
for just the kind of work desired; third, to undertake a different type 
of work; fourth, to apply to some other Board. 

5. In any event, appointments are conditional upon missionary 
efficiency. A candidate with the most acceptable intellectual quali- 
fications should not expect to be sent to the foreign field if he or she 
fails to measure up to the missionary requirements of the Board. 

6. Since conditions on the field are less developed, there is need 
of adaptability. Those candidates will be at a disadvantage who are 
able to work only in a well-organized department, where all the plans 
have been thought out in advance and they have only to take care of 
certain details. In many instances teachers of special subjects will 
have to organize their own departments from the ground up. They 
may have to work with much less equipment and support than they 
would expect or could demand at home. It may be some years before 
they can bring the work up to anything like ideal standards of 
efficiency. 


EDUCATIONAL REQUIREMENTS IN INDIA 
Rate D. WEttons, Lucknow Christian College, India 


The government colleges and universities in India have excep- 
tionally well trained men on their faculties and the mission colleges 
are expected to come up to the standard set by them. The system 
of cooperation between government and private endeavor in India 
is of real help to mission institutions in matters of equipment, but 
well trained men, particularly among the Christian community, are 
still at a premium. In particular, men trained in various scientific 
subjects, such as botany, zodlogy, physics, chemistry, as well as his- 
tory, and commerce are in great demand. 

Due to the influence of the English universities the M.A. degree 
is looked upon as the one most desirable. The Ph.D. is also being 
recognized lately. No matter what degree one has, he should go to 
his work as a fellow student with his class. The degree of success 
which the mission educational institutions have gained has been due 
in large measure to the willingness on the part of the professors to 
mix with the students and be one of them. This does not mean 
that the standards of scholarship should be lowered. 

There is a growing demand for specially trained men for super- 
vision of athletics. In no other phase of the work is it so possible 
for the missionary to “get next to” the students. Just as it is neces- 


352 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


sary for one to be a botanist himself if he would be a success in 
that field, so must one be an athlete and a true sportsman in every 
respect if he would succeed in directing the athletics of an institution. 
Wherever such an expert has been placed he has proved to be a 
vital force in building Christian character in the students. 


OPPORTUNITIES FOR EDUCATIONAL MISSIONARIES IN CHINA 
AnpbREW CHENG, Union Theological Seminary, New York 


In connection with the Renaissance Movement in China during 
the last few years, there has arisen a critical spirit of inquiry after 
truth in the realm of politics, religion, traditions, customs, Western 
civilization and what not. Christian education is by no means an 
exception in this regard. The criticism of mission education may be 
summarized as follows: (1) In missionary schools and colleges there 
is a lack of sufficient training in Chinese heritage, e. g., Chinese his- 
tory, literature, religions, etc. (2) The place of Bible teaching has 
been over-emphasized. (3) Christian education produces students 
of a submissive character, and without the spirit of independence and 
initiative. 

While these criticisms may be true to some extent and in some 
institutions, they are not true of Christian education as a whole. 
From an impartial viewpoint we may say that education in mission 
schools offers contributions to China not given by government insti- 
tutions. In the first place, Christian education is one of the chief 
agencies in China today for creating a new social order in non-Chris- 
tian society. Through the students of mission institutions, the 
Christian character and ideals are made known to the whole non- 
Christian community. Even the non-Christian students from mission 
schools show a clear understanding not only of the significance of | 
Christianity for the individual, but also of the significance of Chris- 
tianity’s varied applications to social relationships. In China a very 
large proportion of prominent government positions are being filled 
by graduates of mission colleges. Although some of these men are 
not professing Christians, they nevertheless exert a very different 
influence on government policy from that of the old Confucian 
literati. Some missionaries believe that one of the greatest achieve- 
ments of Christian education has been the spread of Christian ideas 
in preparation for a later transformation of society on a vast scale. 

In the second place, mission schools have made a great contri- 
bution to the leadership of the indigenous church. The educational 


FORUMS 353 


requirements of the native church are rising. While the old style 
evangelist and Bible woman still have opportunities of large useful- 
ness, Christian workers with broader training are increasingly 
needed. Christian ministers and laymen of marked ability are needed 
to influence public thought and to interpret Christianity persuasively 
to their countrymen. The mission schools are not only indispensable 
for training such leaders, but they also have unique opportunities 
for securing volunteers for specific Christian callings. Illustrations 
of success along these lines are numerous. All over China the native 
church owes its increasing influence and effectiveness to the leaders 
trained in mission schools. 

In view of these facts there is no question as to the need of 
educational missionaries in China. The only question concerns the 
type of educational missionaries needed. Speaking frankly, we need 
men who are able and willing to cooperate with their Chinese workers 
in the training of native leaders for the church. We need men who 
are willing to follow as well as to lead, to learn as well as to teach. 
While we want to retain the traditional spirit and ideals of the Chris- 
tian Church in the West, yet a liberal interpretation of the Bible 
and a spirit of toleration towards the old Chinese religions are highly 
desirable in future missionaries. The opportunities on the field of 
education in China are simply tremendous, and the call is urgent 
and unique. : 


AGRICULTURAL MISSIONS 
(REPORT OF FORUM) 


T. S. DononuGH 


This Forum was attended by about one hundred students. Deep 
interest was shown in the study of the possibilities of agricultural 
missionary work in.the various fields. 

The chairman, Mr. Thomas S. Donohugh, the Secretary of the 
International Association of Agricultural Missions, an organization 
representing practically all of the large Mission Boards of the coun- 
try, stated that agricultural missions are still in the pioneer stage. 
The work of Higginbottom in India, of Hunnicutt in Brazil, and 
of Groff, Reisner and others in China though comparatively recent, 
is now well established and widely known. 

However, many Boards are now opening work and sending out 
men trained in agriculture to many fields. It should be remembered 
that practically everyone who thus goes out must pass through the 
pioneer stage for himself and his mission. There is, therefore, a 


354 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


demand for well trained men, who will of necessity be handicapped 
in the matter of supplies and equipment and who will have very little 
in the way of experience and example to guide them. 

Agricultural missionary work is rather expensive especially if 
conducted on western lines. There is, however, a vast amount which 
may be done at little cost, and the important thing is to study the 
needs of the people to whom one is sent and to endeavor to adapt 
one’s self to the simplest conditions and needs rather than to intro- 
duce expensive foreign methods and ideas. 

Many Mission Boards lack funds for opening new lines of work. 
The men who go out are apt to be needed not only for agriculture, 
but for other lines of missionary work. Therefore broad general 
training is desirable at least for the time being. Breadth of sym- 
pathy, keen observation, willingness to try experiments and great 
patience are required from the outset. The Association has been 
formed in order to keep in touch with agricultural missionaries and 
Boards who are taking up this line of work, for the purposes of 
mutual service. 

The chairman introduced Dr. J. E. Williams, Vice President of 
Nanking University, who spoke of the agricultural work being done 
in Nanking, Canton, Peking and other University centers in China. 
Mr. O. O. Stanchfield told of his experience in the rural work of 
the Y.M.C.A. in India and the interesting development of coopera- 
tive credit societies. Rev. I. E. Gillet and Rev. J. C. Wengatz told 
of agricultural work in Africa. Mr. F. A. Gray spoke of his expe- 
rience as an agricultural missionary in China. Dr. Frank K. Sanders 
gave suggestions as to the preparation of agricultural missionaries. 


THE INDUSTRIAL PROBLEMS OF A GREAT ORIENTAL CITY 
AND THE OPPORTUNITIES OF THE CITY MISSIONARY 


ELAM J. ANpERSON, Professor of Education, Shanghai College 


All missionaries living in Shanghai are impressed by the rapid 
transfer to Shanghai of all the hurry, rush, and feverish activity of 
our American industrial communities. At first we tend to criticize 
the Chinese lack of “pep” and think, with our American self-com- 
placency, that they need to be awakened. A few years’ residence in 
Shanghai, however, where our factory system with its intense em- 
phasis on production at all costs has quite firmly planted its roots, 
raises grave doubts in our minds as to the superiority: of American 
“pep” and hustle over Chinese deliberativeness. We are not quite 


FORUMS 355 


so sure as we were that our American, much vaunted, efficient quan- 
tity production is a tremendous improvement over the slower, more 
laborious hand process of production. The reason for our doubts 
is the inevitable presence of all the moral and social problems which 
have arisen in America in our great industrial centers and which, 
when introduced into China, become even more intense. We do not 
need to spend much time in observation before discovering that 
China’s needs are not cared for by transferring Western materialism. 
It becomes all too soon evident that in industrial centers like Shanghai 
the problem of “preaching the gospel to every creature,” of trans- 
lating Christ into the very warp and woof of China’s life, is not less 
but more difficult to solve than it is in districts where our so-called 
culture has not made its material impress. It is to the difficult task 
of solving this complex involved problem that the city worker is called. 
Our missionary educational institutions located in Shanghai or 
similar communities have a double responsibility. That of furnish- 
ing Christian workers or laymen has always been cheerfully shoul- 
dered, with the result that in many cases our institutions have taken 
on the character of monasteries, in which students were taken out of 
the busy, noisy, dirty world to be trained and then sent back. The 
second responsibility, that of actually making a contribution to the 
life of the community in which the institution happened to be placed, 
was shoved aside, partly because of the inertia of the life surround- 
ing the institution and the difficulty of making any impression, and 
partly because it seemed that effort expended here would detract 
from the most efficient doing of the first task. It is slowly being 
realized that the two responsibilities cannot be discharged separately, 
that workers cannot be efficiently trained unless they have as a part 
of their training actual practice in the work which they expect to do, 
and that attempting to improve the immediately surrounding com- 
munity provides not only excellent but indispensable practice, lead- 
ing to proficiency in the profession for which our students are pre- 
paring, whether as religious, educational, social or lay workers. 
How the discharge of this twofold responsibility applies to the 
task of the city worker in solving the industrial problems of the great 
city is the specific topic of this paper. The writer will therefore 
limit himself to a statement of the work of Shanghai College, although 
other institutions are also attacking the problem. A large factory 
district not far from the college presented the opportunity. The 
training of social workers in our department of sociology provided 
the tools with which to work. Professor Kulp of the department of 
sociology and Dr. Webster of the department of education were 


356 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


largely responsible for beginning and developing the Social Center 
at Yangtzepoo, the great industrial center. This Social Center has 
developed so that today it has a large staff and numerous activities 
which all aim to translate Christianity into the life of the people of 
this district; and also provide the best kind of training for students 
preparing for service. 

In our modern industrial world, class distinctions are present in 
spite of our professed democracy, the most acute division being that 
between workers and employers. It is these two groups with which 
the Social Center of Shanghai College has had to work. The activi- 
ties carried on with the thought of helping the workers include, among 
others, a dispensary and clinic, a hospital in which workers injured 
in the factories are cared for, a visiting nurse, entertainment in the 
form of public lectures, stereopticon and moving pictures, concerts, 
a two and a half hour Sunday school session, night schools giving 
vocational education to workers, health lectures, and a day school 
of lower and higher primary grade for both boys and girls. Un- 
doubtedly, activities of this kind speak much louder to the employees 
and workers than preaching would do. If the common people in 
Jesus’ day heard him gladly, it was as much for his “going about and 
doing good, healing the sick, giving sight to the blind, and empha- 
sizing the rights of the poor” as it was for His spiritual message. 
If this is not translating Jesus to the workers in language that they 
can understand, it is nothing. If it is not making clear to them that. 
Christ regards them as more than a tool, a cog in the machine, that 
they are of more worth than “the sparrows,” then we might well 
venture to say that Christ’s benevolent and philanthropic work was 
not justified. The growing class consciousness and antagonism of - 
the worker toward the employer will grow into a worse conflict than 
that in America unless we can introduce the principles and practice 
of Jesus into the situation. Just this the Social Center is trying to - 
do for the worker. 

The employer, however, is not neglected. There is such a thing 
as enlightened selfishness, and perhaps to this is due the fact that 
practically all of the expenses of this busy beehive have been under- 
written by members of the employing class. They have been niade 
to’see that care for their employees, providing hospital care and 
“follow-up” for the families of the injured actually is to their inter- 
est. But one of the most promising signs is the arrival upon the 
scene of several Christian Chinese factory owners and managers, 
who are consciously attempting to apply at least the -ameliorative 
practices of Christian management to a system that is manifestly 


FORUMS S57; 


based upon the principle of profits first, human welfare second. 
There is growing, very slowly to be sure and sometimes the evidence 
is so slight as to seem negligible, a realization that unless the indus- 
trialism of the West is greatly modified it will not only reproduce 
all the ills that have followed in its train in the West, but produce 
conditions that will result in a social chaos in China, because the 
economic pressure is so intense. A much more difficult task is to 
attempt to work with the employer, but what a significant one, and 
where success is possible, what task more productive of good! 

~ When conflict does come, it is possible for the Social Center 
and those engaged in the work to act as mediators, bringing to the 
employer some better understanding of what seems to him the un- 
reasonable tendency to want more wages; and to the worker, a 
glimmer of the possibilities of cooperation with his employer. The 
irrepressible conflict between capital and labor! And yet, if Jesus 
Christ cannot solve it what will become of our civilization? Cer- 
tainly, its solution is absolutely essential to the preaching and accept- 
ance of the Gospel in the modern China that is coming to be. 

Such, then, is the method adopted by one institution to translate 
Jesus Christ into our civilization. Undoubtedly the city worker, 
wherever he may be placed, will have to adopt similar methods, for 
words will not carry any of us very far in China. Even as Jesus 
sent word back to John when His Messiaship was questioned, “Go 
and report to John what you see and hear; blind eyes receive sight, 
and cripples walk; lepers are cleansed and deaf ears hear; the dead 
are raised to life and the poor have the Good News proclaimed to 
them,” so the city missionary must be able to present Jesus in similar 
works, “The word must be made flesh.” The fact that our task 
is much more complex, that the industrial transformation of China 
looms ahead to complicate the presentation of the message, only 
makes the need more urgent. 


INDUSTRIAL OPPORTUNITIES IN INDIA 
Ray E. Rice, Damoh, India 


Inasmuch as about ninety per cent of the folks in India make 
their living from the soil, agriculture is the leading industry. The 
farmers do not live on their farms. They live in villages and cul- 
tivate the land around them. Their methods are crude, their im- 
plements are old-fashioned, their teams of oxen are small. The 
Indian people of the farming class do not pay much attention to 
breeding good, heavy cattle to pull their plows and other farming 


358 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


implements. The British Government and agricultural institutions 
of Mission Boards are doing much to teach better methods to these 
people. Whereas they can raise 600 pounds of rice to the acre by 
broadcasting the seed, they are now. being taught that they can raise 
300 or 400 pounds more per acre by the process of transplanting. 
The introduction of the simple six-hole-drill has meant much saving 
of work. This can be pulled by one team of oxen. Unfortunately 
the people do not always cultivate the soil properly for the use of 
this drill and they do not know how to fix the drill after it is broken. 
Mr. Don Griffin who went to India to join Mr. Sam Higginbottom 
at the Agricultural College at Allahabad, has made a fine contribu- 
tion to the agricultural work in northern and central India by de- 
signing the Scindia Plow. This cuts four inches deep and about 
a foot wide. One team of oxen can pull it, and it is a great im- 
provement over the old plow. Mr. Higginbottom’s experimental 
work in agriculture is outstanding in India. It shows what rare 
opportunities present themselves to Americans who are specially 
fitted for agricultural service. 

Nearly every mission institution which is doing industrial work 
in India today teaches carpentry and blacksmithing. The Indian 
boys like carpentry very much, and can make a good living at it. 

Most of the money which is invested in India is British money. 
There are steel works and factories of all kinds in which English 
and American engineers and professional men are employed. Great ~ 
Britain sends a number of such men to India every year. The 
American engineers generally go out on three-year contracts. 

An open door for chemists who can develop the paper industry 
in India is very inviting just now. Enough raw materials are avail- 
able in India to supply the world with paper. 

As the British Government hands over the various departments 
of the administration to the Indian people, the staffs of these re- | 
spective departments are being manned more and more by Indians. 
Therefore, the opportunities for government service are not as in- 
viting in India today as they may be in some other foreign fields. 

In professional work there is always an opportunity to wield 
a powerful influence for the Master. As a doctor, for example, 
one may have a large part in the social service work of his com- 
munity. He may lead in the community church work, and the con- 
tribution which he makes may be one which will benefit all India. 


The following actions were taken at the close of the forum 
on Industrial Training and Enterprise :— 


FORUMS 359 


“Voted, in view of the discussion of the situation which we have 
had in this forum on Industrial Training and Enterprise, that we 
record our opinion that there are on various fields definite opportu- 
nities for Christian service of the types considered, especially in forms 
of engineering, whether electrical, mechanical, chemical, etc. 

“Voted, that we ask the Student Volunteer Movement that at its 
Tenth Quadrennial Convention a similar forum be held, and that rep- 
resentatives of corporations doing foreign business be invited to at- 
tend and present the opportunities offered by their corporations in 
various foreign fields.” 


LITERARY WORK—OUTLINE OF A GENERAL STATEMENT 
J. Lovett Murray 


I, What is Covered by the Term “Literary Work’? 
1. Reducing languages to writing 
2. Translations and revisions of Bible 
3. Production of other Christian literature (translation or orig- 

inal, in English or vernacular )— 
(1) Books, pamphlets and tracts on the Christian religion 
. —literature explaining Christianity to non-Christians 

(various sorts from leaflets to books such as A. G. 
Hogg’s “‘Christ’s Message of the Kingdom’’) 

—books of devotion, e.g., “Imitation of Christ,’ “Life 
of Christ for Children,” etc. 

—hymn books and liturgies 

—commentaries on the Bible 

—literature for church work, e.g., Sunday School lesson 
helps 

—Christian stories, or fiction with Christian atmos- 
phere, e.g., “Pilgrim’s Progress,” “Ben Hur,” “In 
His Steps” 

—miscellaneous, including catechisms, sermons, Church 
history, ethics, missions, social service, biographies 

Christian periodicals and newspapers 

—general Christian magazines for Christian and non- 
Christian readers 

—magazines for women, e.g., China and India 

—daily newspapers, e.g., Great Light Daily in China 
and two Christian newspapers in Zululand 


(2 


4 


360 


ib 


CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


(3) Use of general newspapers 
—serials, e.g., prize novels in Osaka and life of Christ 
in Tokyo 
—reports of Christian gatherings and work of Chris- 
tian organizations 
—articles on social reform, sanitation, peace, Christian 
internationalism, record of Christian movements in 
the country, and the world . 
—paid space for Christian evangelism 
4. Text-books—for all grades 
Necessary especially in pioneering in any form of education. 
Less necessary as governments undertake larger educa- 
tional programs. Problem of finding vocabulary. Joint 
Committee on Terminology (medical) in China 
5. General literature 
e.g., History, poetry, biography, sociology, etc. Special ne- 
cessity of clean fiction 
6. Literature for the Home Base 
Books, reports, articles 
How is This Literature Provided? 
I. Supervision 
Joint action necessary. Committee on Christian Literature 
of the International Missionary Council. Also literature 
committees in various fields. American Committee on 
Christian Literature for Moslems. Surveys now in 
progress. 
2. Authorship 
Hitherto mainly as side-line by busy missionaries, e.g., Dr. 
Post of Syria and Dr. Macklin of Nanking. More should 
do this. 
Need now for specialists like Farquhar, Saunders and Mc- 
Gillivray. 
Great importance of selecting and training many native writ- 
ers, like Tilak, Zia, Mrs. Satthianadhan. 
3. Publication 
—commercial houses, e.g., Commercial Press, Ltd., in 
Shanghai i 
—mission presses. This a great field for union effort. In- 
fluence of great presses like that at Beirut, Nile Mission 
Press, etc. 
—Bible and Tract Societies 


FORUMS 361 


4. Distribution 
—colporteurs 
—book depots 
—missionaries and native colleagues—evangelists, pastors, 
Bible Women, etc. 
III. Advantage of Christian Literature as a Missionary Agency 
1. It commands a sustained and intensive hearing of Christian 
truth 
2. It is mobile and ubiquitous 
3. It serves the Christian community as no other agency 
could do 
It protects the investment in other forms of missionary work 
It deeply penetrates the national mind 
It discounts and displaces unwholesome literature 


lr i = 


NEWSPAPER EVANGELISM 


ALBERTUS PIETERS, Japan 


Newspaper evangelism, as at present conducted in Japan under 
interdenominational auspices, directed by the Conference of Fed- 
erated Missions, with a head office at Fukuoka, belongs properly to 
the department of evangelistic work. It includes much follow-up 
work, and much hand-to-hand evangelism, by correspondence or 
through personal interviews. However, there is kinship enough with 
literature work to justify its being presented at this forum. 

On its literary side, newspaper evangelism is first cousin to 
tract distribution. It consists of writing articles on the fundamental 
facts and doctrines of the Christian religion, and having these pub- 
lished in the newspapers at advertising rates. Each one of these 
articles contains approximately as much matter as one of the smaller 
leaflets. To take a concrete example, I published last January, in 
a newspaper having a circulation of approximately one hundred thou- 
sand copies, a brief discussion of Amaterasu, the Sun Goddess, and 
reputed ancestress of the Japanese Imperial Line. I gave some 
simple reasons for believing that Amaterasu was not a real person 
at all, but a personification of the sun, and urged that she ought 
therefore not to be worshiped. 

For the privilege of publishing this in the paper we paid about 
forty dollars, U. S. currency, for one insertion. Let us compare 
this with ordinary leaflet printing and distribution, and see how the 
newspaper method compares. For the money expended, we had 


362 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


printed, to begin with, 100,000 copies of what amounts to a tract. 
The cost of doing this in leaflet form would no doubt have exceeded 
forty dollars. Let us suppose, for the sake of argument, that the 
cost would have been the same. Then, on the matter of printer’s 
expenses, the two methods start even. 

But that is only the beginning. We have just heard from Dr. 
Watson that the problem of distribution of tract literature is far 
more difficult than the problems of writing and printing; and this is 
very true;—how very important this consideration is will hardly be 
fully appreciated by those who have no experience in that kind of 
work. Now it is at this vital point of distribution that the newspaper 
method wins out over ordinary tract distribution. If we had ex- 
pended that forty dollars in having 100,000 copies of our tract 
printed, those copies would have been deposited on our office table, 
and the problem of distribution would still have been before us. It 
would probably have been an insoluble problem. If soluble at all, 
the solution would certainly have required great expense. If we had 
undertaken to distribute that many copies by mail, the postage would 
have amounted to much more than the original cost. Besides, how 
would we have proceeded to get 100,000 names and addresses? In 
addition to the postage, such a distribution would have required a 
large office staff, working for many days. If we depend on house to 
house distribution, men must be employed, and their expenses must 
be met. By such a method we could have distributed a million tracts, 
but it would have been a wasteful method of distribution, for the 
men would have had no means of distinguishing between people who 
can and can not read, or, among those who can read, between those 
who take an interest in reading and those who do not. 

All these problems were solved by the newspaper method. The 
100,000 copies, once printed, gave us no more concern. The news- 
paper office had a method of distribution all worked out, and took 
the entire job off our hands without an extra penny of expense. 
The distribution took place to a selected class of persons, to those 
only who can read, and are in the habit of reading. The saving in 
expense and the gain in efficiency are immensely increased by the 
newspaper method as over against any other form of tract’ dis- 
tribution. 

Another point must not be forgotten, namely, that this method 
alone makes it possible for the missionary or Christian worker to 
speak to an entire community simultaneously, and thus to gain the 
advantage of simultaneous interest in a given subject. We were 
informed that the article referred to produced an immense amount 


FORUMS 363 


of discussion all over the district served by our paper. In almost 
every school both pupils and teachers began to discuss the question 
whether Amaterasu was really a goddess or not. By the method of 
tract distribution, granted that a similar number of tracts could have 
been distributed to a similar class of persons (really impossible), 
the distribution would not have been simultaneous, but piece-meal. 
The interest of any one man might be aroused, but since he would 
know of no one else interested at the same time, his interest would 
soon disappear, without affecting the community. 

Another very great advantage of this method is that it enables 
the worker to make an impression in the same quarters repeatedly, 
and thus to gain a cumulative effect. If one should go about in the 
mountains, tapping one stone there and another here, never striking 
twice in the same spot, he would break no rocks, though he should 
work himself to death. So with missionary work that never strikes 
twice in the same spot. Much tract distribution is like that. The 
effect of such work is small. Newspaper evangelism, on the other 
hand, enables the worker to select a series of related subjects, and 
to discuss them with cumulative force. To be sure, not all of the 
newspaper readers can be depended on to read all of his productions, 
in fact, many never read them at all. Never mind, the number who 
do read them is still far larger than can be reached in any other way. 
The lowest estimate of the proportion of readers of the paper at 
large to the number who perused our religious articles was twenty 
to one. But if even five per cent of the total number of subscribers 
really did read the articles we published, we had an audience of five 
thousand persons with every issue, and there is no known method 
whereby an audience of one tenth that number can be obtained in 
any other way. 

Newspaper evangelism does not come into competition with lit- 
erary work in its higher aspects, such as the preparation of com- 
mentaries and theological works. It compares only with the cheapest 
and most broadcast tract distribution; but when compared with that, 
it is very much more rapid, economical, and efficient ; so much so that 
hereafter no missionary administration in a country where a secular 
periodical press is available, can afford to ignore the newspaper 
method. 


364 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


THE BIBLE SOCIETIES 


Dr. W. B. Cooper, Secretary of the Canada Branch of the British and Foreign 
Bible Society 


The vital place of the Bible Societies in the whole misunder- 
taking is apparent when we recall these two important facts: (1) 
That missionaries are unable to discharge their responsibility in se- 
curing permanent influence over their hearers unless they are able 
to put into the hands of the people the Word of God in the native 
speech: and (2) That it is the function of the Bible Societies by 
agreement, to supply these people at their own charges—that is, at 
no charge either to the missionary or to the Missionary Societies. 

If a homely figure may be used to set out this relationship, what 
the roadbed is to the railroad company, the Bible Society is to the 
missionary cause. Railway companies do not circumscribe their 
plans by thinking only of their staff, their locomotives, their pullman 
cars and rolling stock. They give a good deal of anxious care to 
the upkeep of the roadbed. Surely it is not too much to say that 
all who are interested in missionary progress should follow closely 
the activities of the Bible Societies and give a full measure of sym- 
pathy and support to this essential auxiliary of all efforts for the 
extension of the Kingdom of God. 


YOUNG MEN’S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION WORK 
(SUMMARY OF FORUM ADDRESSES) 


FRANK V. Stack, Secretary of the Y. M. C. A. for India 


After a preliminary statement covering the purpose of the 
Forum, the Chairman gave the historical background of the Foreign 
Work Program of the Association and briefly reviewed the prin- 
ciples and policies affecting the maintenance of Christian work in 
Latin America and the Orient. The object of the session was to 
acquaint students with the present status of the Foreign Work of 
the Association; to explain the various types of service rendered by 
the foreign secretary; to consider the qualifications and preparation 
necessary for service abroad; to deal with questions raised by dele- 
gates present; and to consider the best practical means of promoting 
interest in and securing support for this foreign program. 

Mr. Frank Brockman, Honorary National Secretary of Korea, 
outlined some of the more recent developments in interdenominational 


FORUMS 365 


and Association cooperative enterprises. He told of the urgent re- 
quests from a number of the missions for secretaries who can give 
time to promoting an Association program among the young men 
of their churches. In China and a few other fields Mission Boards 
have definitely allocated experienced workers to the Associations for 
special services. The vastness of the need and the urgent challenge 
and call from occupied and unoccupied areas, should force Christian 
leaders in America to a deeper study of the problem and more effec- 
tive cooperation in its solution. 

Mr. Hollis A. Wilbur, one of the National Secretaries of China, 
dealt with similarities and differences between foreign work and the 
program of the Association in the United States and Canada. The 
objective, that of serving boys and men through bringing them into 
a real knowledge of Christian truth and into Christian discipleship, 
is the same. The task, however, is very different, in that the whole 
background abroad is new and not easy to understand. Historical, 
racial, social, economic and moral differences contribute toward mak- 
ing the environment, in which the missionary secretary must estab- 
lish himself and the Association, a real challenge to Christian faith 
and service. In these foreign outposts there are few if any Christian 
laymen who understand and appreciate, even partially, the real sig- 
nificance of an Association program for their youth. Such laymen 
must be discovered and developed. The program of the movement 
must be demonstrated and the confidence of the citizens gradually 
won, together with their material cooperation. 

Mr. Harry E. Ewing, student secretary at Buenos Aires, Argen- 
tina, dealt with some of the opportunities for specialized service 
among the boys, students, and commercial and industrial groups in 
foreign lands. He referred to the World Conference of workers 
with boys held at Portschach, Austria, as having given a new im- 
petus to the real importance of the boy in our program for the 
Christianization of the world. In Latin America and other foreign 
countries, work for boys has been emphasized only within the last 
decade. It was first necessary to demonstrate the work and secure 
the confidence of older men, before adequate financial support could 
be secured. The remarkable work for boys in Shanghai and other 
cities in the Orient, the beginnings of such work in Mexico City, 
Buenos Aires and a few other South American centers, under the 
direction and supervision of boys’ work secretaries trained in North 
America, .will necessarily call for enlarged and more effective co- 
operation between the various National Committees and experienced 
leadership from this continent. 


366 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


While the Association is organized in only four cities in Brazil, 
one in Uruguay, one in Argentina, two in Chile and one in Peru, a 
twenty-year program, approved by the South American Federation 
of Associations, calls for at least fifty American secretaries and 
physical directors to enter the strategic unoccupied larger cities in 
the Republics south of the Panama Canal. The recruiting and train- 
ing of Latin secretaries and physical directors also plays an important 
part in this program. It is only a matter of time before there will 
be an insistent appeal for North American secretaries and physical 
directors to cooperate with native Association leaders in Mexico, 

Facts regarding the unoccupied student centers in Latin America 
and the Orient challenge an intense and serious advance which will 
necessarily claim a limited number of experienced student and city 
secretaries. A few men will also be needed for work among indus- 
trial communities. 

Mr. Charles D. Hurrey of the Friendly Relations Committee 
and the World’s Student Christian Federation, emphasized the im- 
portance of utilizing discerning people in our communities, who have 
traveled in mission lands, in connection with our home programs 
of world outlook and education. He referred to the importance of 
the foreign secretaries acquainting travelers with the various phases 
of the work on the field, so that they might be prepared to acquaint 
their friends with the same upon returning to America. The pres- 
ent challenge of the foreign students in our American universities 
must not be overlooked. Christian Association leaders should be- 
friend these students in every way possible, avoid class distinctions, 
and bring them into touch with the best of American life. 


THE YOUNG WOMEN’S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION, A PROFES- 
SION FOR COLLEGE WOMEN 


Miss Maset Cratry, General Secretary National Board, Young Women’s 
Christian Association 


The Young Women’s Christian Association is designed as a 
fellowship of girls and women for the good of the country rather 
than as a building or even an organization: for example, although 
the Association structure in Yokohama is not in existence today, the 
work and influence of the Association is as strong and real as ever. 

We estimate that there are about 600,000 members in the United 
States. Between 40,000 and 50,000 officials of one kind or another 
are included among these members; these are serving as officers, 


FORUMS 367 


cabinet members, and so forth. There are only 3,154 professional 
positions among these 600,000. Of these, 150 are in other countries 
than the United States. 

; A Secretary of the Young Women’s Christian Association has 
few opportunities for teaching. Whether she be a general secretary 
or a girls’ work secretary, business or industrial secretary, her work 
is primarily that of an administrator. 


THE YOUNG WOMEN’S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION— 
IN RELATION TO MISSION BOARDS 


Miss RutH SmirtH, Missionary from Japan 


After attending Mission School for three years and Language 
School for two years I can say there is no duplication or rivalry 
between the foreign mission boards of the churches and the Young 
Women’s Christian Association. 

The Young Women’s Christian Association is the biggest or- 
ganization in the Mission School. The athletic sport comes under 
our management and practically every girl is a member of the Young 
Women’s Christian Association. We have a large cabinet, board 
and many clubs. One club, “The Robin Club,” is composed of the 
peppiest bunch of girls in school. We try to make Christianity a 
natural thing, and it lives in everything we do. We are trying to 
keep the school rooms clean and to make Christ felt in everything. 
We are making money by selling things (for you know the Japanese 
people are very artistic) and we are spending the money we make in 
buying brooms, mops and vases for flowers, etc. This is one way 
of helping to keep the school rooms clean. 


THE YOUNG WOMEN’S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION SECRETARY 
IN SOUTH AMERICA 


Miss ANNA Mae Sroxkery, South America 


In the first place no other motive than a desire to share with 
others our knowledge and experience of Jesus Christ would justify 
our going out as secretaries of the Young Women’s Christian As- 
sociation. Certainly no one has the right to go to a foreign country 
who has not a love for others. We must have constructive faith, 
too, in our fellow-workers. 

We are idealists and faith has made us what we are. A Chilean 


368 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


girl once helped me very much. She told me about a Chilean man 
who wanted to be a Young Men’s Christian Association secretary, 
but she discouraged him, because “he knew the people so well.” He 
would often say, “You tell us we are going to do something and I 
know we are not, yet we do it.” It is only this kind of faith in 
girls that will bring out the best there is in them. 

Now I want to mention two things which I hope you will keep 
in mind as you consider the life of a Young Women’s Christian As- 
sociation secretary abroad. First you will miss the culture and spir- 
itual atmosphere that you have had principally in family, church and 
social organizations here at home. It is hard to keep going on when 
you must face all the difficult things that come up. The problem 
of adaptability to new surroundings, to the climate, to the people and 
their strange ways is not easy. About the only thing we can do at 
times is to live beside the girls of the country to which we go and 
show Christ in all we say and think. 

A secretary’s work is never the same in any two places. You 
may be called on to do anything. One of my jobs was to give a 
bath to a baby just a few days old. In getting our training we some- 
times wonder, what good will this training do. I was chairman of 
a dishwashing committee which served over a hundred people, and I 
was glad to have had training in domestic science because it taught 
me how to organize my workers for such necessary tasks. 

Dr. Cheng has said that we must be as yoke-fellows or big sisters 
to the people we are trying to reach, or to the one who is seeking truth. 
The people must feel that we have faith in them as a true friend. 


THE YOUNG WOMEN’S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION SECRETARY 
IN INDIA 


Miss Marton Fercuson, India 


Two or three things are essential in the work of the Young 
Women’s Christian Association in India. First, the ability to work 
with people. We must have the ability to work with people at home 
or we shall fail in the greater part of our mission abroad. We must 
be willing to sit at the feet of India and learn again the things we 
already know, only this time from an Indian viewpoint. We must 
have a personal experience of God to take to the people of India 
which they can feel and seek after for themselves. An experience 
with God is the only thing that will carry you through the difficult 
days that lie ahead. | 


FORUMS . 369 


CONDITIONS AND TERMS OF SERVICE IN THE 
YOUNG WOMEN’S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION 


Miss KATHERINE ALLER, Candidate Secretary National Board, Young Women’s 
Christian Association 


Preparation for secretaryship in the Young Women’s Christian 
Association demands a good foundation in biology, psychology, soci- 
ology, history and philosophy. A candidate for Association training 
should have her Bachelor’s degree or its equivalent. The National 
Training School offers training courses of six weeks every summer 
and also a nine months’ course of graduate work during the year. 
Successful work in these courses may count toward a Masters’ degree 
from Columbia University. At least the short course of training is 
advised before placement, although occasionally recent college gradu- 
ates are recommended to departmental positions with the understand- 
ing that they will take special training at the first opportunity. 

A young woman contemplating foreign service with the Young 
Women’s Christian Association should recognize and respond to the 
spiritual challenge first of all. Unless she has a faith which is indis- 
pensable to her she had better not attempt Association service either 
at home or abroad. 

Applicants for Association work should be between the ages of 
twenty-two and forty, although there are some exceptions in either 
case; that is, if a girl has made good she may be accepted when 
younger than twenty-two. These exceptions, however, are few. Suc- 
cessful experience at home rather than age is the determining factor 
with regard to foreign appointment. 

The vacancies in foreign service are of all types—general sec- 
retaries, girls’ work secretaries, physical directors, etc. In order to 
make application or obtain further information it is advisable to 
write Miss Aller, 600 Lexington Avenue, New York City. This 
begins a correspondence and the filling out of application blanks, 
which constitute the preliminary steps in discovering what the imme- . 
diate needs are for secretaries abroad. 


SOCIAL AND COMMUNITY SERVICE 
(SUMMARY OF INTRODUCTORY REMARKS) 


D. J. Freminc, Union Theological Seminary 


We have the authority of the Commission on Village Educa- 
tion in India for stressing the good opportunities for social and 


370 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


community service through a new type of school, and through coop- 
erative credit societies and farm colonies. A new type of missionary 
is urged, viz., a Community Welfare Agent, somewhat after the 
model of the county agent in America. One factory in India has 
a full time welfare worker, selected from the mission force. Bombay 
has a Missionary Settlement for University Women. A Y.W.C.A. 
Secretary in China was largely instrumental in getting a pronounce- 
ment on Christian conditions for labor passed at the National Chris- 
tian Conference at Shanghai in 1922. In fact, the types of social 
and community service carried on by missionaries are as varied as 
human need itself. Whatever constitutes the greatest human need 
in any given place is very likely to claim the interest and effort of the 
modern missionary. 

Apart from missions, there is possible service in the Near East 
Relief and Red Cross work. To a certain extent, just as at home, 
men and women engaged in commercial or political life abroad, may 
take and sometimes do take initiative in Christian community service 
of an individual or organized sort. 


SOCIAL SERVICE AND THE CHURCH 
W. Warp Davis, Siangtan, Hunan, China 


In the early days of missionary activity, emphasis was placed on 
what was called evangelistic work, or preaching. Almost every mis- 
sionary was an ordained man and a preacher. But, from the very 
beginning the missionary did more than merely preach; he taught, he 
established schools, and he sought to meet the urgent and more prac- 
tical needs of the people with whom he came in contact. In this way 
work in hospitals and schools very early became a part of the mis- 
sionary program. 

As missionary contacts have become more numerous, varied, and 
complex, the call comes from the Church Boards for specially trained 
workers of many kinds, including not only ordained men, doctors, 
nurses, teachers, school administrators, and women evangelistic work- 
ers; but, agricultural and industrial experts, architects, builders, busi- 
ness managers and stenographers are often desired. Among the 
variety of calls comes that to engage in Social and Community Serv- 
ice, though in most of our missions this is usually listed under the 
general term Evangelistic. This has been a cause for concern on 
the part of some who are inclined to feel that there is a great danger 
that Social and Community activities may furnish a program for 


FORUMS 371 


carrying western civilization to other lands rather than for making 
a spiritual contribution and especially for making Christ known. 

‘From my limited experience of five years in an Institutional 
Church in Central China, I am quite convinced that Social and Com- 
munity Service does have a very definite contribution to make towards 
the growth of the Christian Church. There is danger in building 
up a program of activities which are only a duplication of similar 
activities in Western lands, but this danger can be avoided by a 
careful study of the needs of each local community, and by intro- 
ducing only those activities which are well adapted and which meet 
a definite religious need in that particular place. / 

This type of work furnishes an unusual opportunity for train- 
ing national Church leaders, both for the employed staff and those 
who work in a voluntary capacity. With a varied program, there 
are always openings for more workers, and definite places where 
well-qualified people can fit in and bear responsibility. 

‘This work also makes possible the applying of Christian prin- 
ciples to the various aspects of life in a very practical way. At work 
and at play, in the school and in the home, in the individual and in 
the social life; in ali of life’s relationships the attempt is made to 
apply Christian teaching. And in this type of work, there are con- 
crete results which speak in its favor. Social movements reach the 
masses of people, and they are of tremendous value in making clear 
the purposes and aims of the Christian program. 

The Chinese people—as well as other peoples—are an extremely 
practical people. When they see anything working out practically 
in everyday life, they favor that thing. Mere preaching of Chris- 
tianity does not make the impression that a practical demonstration 
of it does; the two must go together, hand in hand. Social and 
Community Service, if rightly conducted, does furnish this practical 
demonstration and’ is therefore a great contribution to the Christian 
cause. After all, it isn’t arguments, and it isn’t exhortation, that 
really convince people, but it is one’s life. The effective minister 
is one whose life preaches more than do his sermons. And in the 
type of work which we are considering, there are numerous contacts 
with people, natural everyday contacts, when one’s life has the best 
possible opportunity to influence others and in this way really to 
preach Christ. The ultimate success of this work, as with any other 
Christian work, depends upon its leadership. If the leaders really 
live the Christian life, their work will be effective. Without the 
testimony of true Christian living, any work will fail. 


372 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


THE NEED OF CHRISTIAN SOCIAL LEADERS IN JAPAN 
Rosert M. Kamine, Missionary to Japan 


The other day, just before I left New York for this convention, 
I had a heart to heart talk with a Japanese friend, who has been in 
this country for more than ten years, and who has now almost fin- 
ished his graduate studies. He seemed very happy and told me what 
he plans to do upon his return. 

After listening to his enthusiastic account for some time, I be- 
came a little critical and said: ‘You have received your education 
from grammar school to college graduation in this country, and at 
once you conclude that this system of education is practical in every 
detail over in Japan. I wonder whether it will work out as well as 
you expect, for I was educated over there and am doing only graduate 
work over here. I think I know how our Japanese people in general 
look upon those who have taken most of their education here in 
America. To tell you the truth, they do not pay you the respect 
which they give to those who have graduated from colleges in 
Japan.” 

Of course, he looked displeased, and answered rather abruptly, 
even spitefully: “I am of no use then because I have not received 
Japanese college education.” 

“Surely you are not,” I replied, “unless your knowledge and 
experience are consecrated. In other words not until you regard 
yourself as the tool of an unknown hand, can you hope for a great 
work and learn the real message of your life.” 

There was silence for a while. I could not push my argument 
any further. The only thing left was his sincere attitude toward 
life. Thus we were able to open up a very interesting discussion 
on institutional churches, welfare directorates in factories, social 
surveys of cities and large areas, schools as community centers, social 
service in colleges and adult education. This discussion centered 
chiefly around the best ways of adaptation to conditions and needs 
_in Japan. ; 

Now, I have put what I wanted to say into the form of a story 
in order to save time. Japan now needs persons who are trained 
and can teach in the field of social service. Buddhism, Confucianism 
and our native Shintoism have done nothing worthy of mention 
in the way of social work. On the other hand, Christians, even 
when they were still few in number, have been very active in intro- 
ducing, initiating, and conducting social service enterprises. They 


FORUMS 373 


have set an example which non-Christian religious organizations 
have gladly followed. For this reason we who are Christians in 
Japan now feel a heavy responsibility to live up to this example and 
carry forward the work, already so successfully begun. 

One of our great social leaders in Japan is Mr. Kagawa whom 
we expected to be one of our speakers in this convention. Over 
two hundred editions of his book entitled “Across the Dead Line” 
have been published and sold within a few years. He shows by 
example how to take up one’s cross and follow Christ in this age 
when faith in Him seems to have faded away. “Across the dead 
line” is the attitude needed today. We Japanese politely kneel and 
make a graceful and yet sincere bow before the person who is tak- 
ing that attitude and willingly follow him. China needs that sort 
of a man; India asks him to come and help, the whole Orient rushes 
to that man. Nay, the whole world is eagerly waiting for such a 
man to come. 


THE COMMUNITY CHURCH AS A CHRISTIAN SOCIAL 
AGENCY IN CHINA 


A. R. Kepter, Shanghai, China 


The Community Church in China is not a new denomination. 
It is an expression within the several denominations of their effort 
to Christianize not only the individual but his relationships and his 
community as well. 

That this should be the objective of every church is becoming — 
generally recognized by the Christian leadership in China. In the 
report of the National Christian Conference, held in 1922, we find 
this affirmation : 

“The Christian Church believes that the life and principles of 
Jesus Christ should be applied to the whole life of man and should 
dominate and vitalize every phase of community activity.” 

The Community (Institutional) Church in China is the product 
of the last two decades. The majority of the community-minded 
churches have been organized within the last seven years. Neverthe- 
less, they are found in thirteen denominational groups scattered over 
eleven provinces. It is becoming increasingly recognized by the 
Chinese Church that it is essential for the Church to think, plan and 
work in terms of the community and community needs, instead of 
confining her energies to the individuals apart from his relationships. 

Christian in Pilgrim’s Progress conformed to the religious con- 


—- 


374 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


victions of his day when he fled from the City of Destruction. His | 
descendant today would feel it his Christian duty to remain and trans- 
form the City of Destruction into the City of God. This is becoming 
the prevailing view of the Christian’s task. This has necessarily 
involved the Church in a reorientation of her task and program. 

The Community Church is begotten of two principles—that 
true vital religion must make social reconstruction its primary task; 
and that social reconstruction is possible only by the way of spiritual 
regeneration. A religion that does not express itself in social service 
is palsied; social service without a spiritual dynamic is devitalized. 

The community-minded church, apart from expressing, as we 
believe, more nearly the intent of Christ for His Church, offers the 
following advantages as a Christianizing agency on the Mission 
Field: : 

1. Jt multiplies contacts. It replaces suspicion and distrust by 
friendship and cooperation. By projecting a Christian program of 
community uplift, we preach in terms which any community will 
understand ; we engage in activities which will challenge their cooper- 
ation and establish contacts whereby the spirit and principles of 
Jesus Christ can flow into the life of each and into all of the com- 
munity life. The more varied the program, the more numerous will 
be the contacts. . 

2. The Church which has a social service program.for the com- 
munity eliminates that hiatus which exists where agencies of the 
Church such as the Y.M.C.A. carry on their program apart from 
the Church and then seek to link up the fruit of their efforts with 
the Church. It is a concrete demonstration that the Christian religion 
and social service are inseparable. 

3. It recognizes the family as the primary unity of society. Its 
program is therefore comprehensive so as to include all of the mem- 
bers of the family within its scope. 

4. By aiming to Christianize a man’s relationships it conserves 
the membership of the Church. At present thirty-three per cent of 
the membership lapses from the Christian fellowship in the course 
of ten years after baptism. This is largely due to the fact that the 
existing relationships of the communicant are unchristian and’ tend 
to lure him away from the Christian way of living. 

5. It seeks to provide a Christian environment which is essential 
if we would have an indigenous Christianity. Moreover, if we would 
succeed in catching up with China’s increasing population which is 
growing at the rate of more than 2,000,000 a year we must generate 
a Christian environment which will make it as natural for the Chinese 


FORUMS 375 


youth to have Christian principles dominate his thinking as it is now 
the natural expresson of Confucius and his school. 

6. It recognizes the. incalculable worth of human life and so 
interests itself in the salvaging of life, and improving the conditions 
of living. The only church on the mission field that is qualified to 
solve the industrial problem which is becoming increasingly acute 
is the church with a community program. 

7. The Community Church by projecting a comprehensive com- 
munity program suited to the community needs naturally tends 
toward becoming a recognized community force. This is essential 
if the community is to become Christian. 

8. The successful promotion of a community program abso- 
lutely requires native leadership and the recruiting of the member- 
ship in volunteer service. These two are recognized by all mission- 
aries as essential to the Church if she is to become the dominant 
religious force in China. The old type church is able to carry on 
without these two factors. They are a sine qua non to the Community 
Church. 

g. This type of Christian service, with a comprehensive program 
for the family and the shop and the factory, touching the social and 
industrial life of the neighbourhood, presents a multiplicity of con- 
tacts with all phases of life and thought. This brings the missionary 
in touch with a wider variety of human interest than any other type 
of Christian work. Some one has defined life as being measured by 
the number of things you are alive to. If this is true, I recommend 
the work of the Community Church on the Mission Field as an 
unsurpassed opportunity to live life abundantly. 


- BOY SCOUTS IN INDIA 
Ray E. Rice, Damoh, India 


Since 1917 the Boy Scout Work has been growing in India. 
The British Government is promoting it through the public schools. 
Training classes for scout masters have been established in con- 
nection with the Government Normal Schools. Many years before 
the scout work began in England, Tyndale Biscoe did a fine work 
among the boys of Kashmir. When he went there he found a com- 
munity of boys in Shriwagar who were effeminate. These he taught 
to swim, to box, to take exercise, to save life and to be prepared to 
do a real man’s work. His work has been an inspiration to other 


376 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


boy workers in India. As a social service and community work, it 
is probably one of the finest in the Orient. 

Henry Ferger of Princeton has done an outstanding work with 
scouts in North India. He has projected the spirit of service into 
Mohammedans, Hindus and Christians. While on scouting inspec- 
tions, all three have eaten together. Thus scouting is doing much to 
break down caste. Ferger has been an advisor and helper to many 
scout leaders in large cities of India. \ 

In the Central Provinces Mr. Joseph Ross of Scotland, Mr. Fay 
Livengood of Damoh, and other missionaries have done much to 
promote the work. The Y.M.C.A. has contributed a fine leader to 
scouting in South India. 

Any man going to India as an engineer, in any other profes- 
sional or business capacity may render a fine service as scout master 
among Indian boys. 

Scouting does three great things for these boys: It breaks down 
caste feelings; it promotes a desire to serve; it encourages patri- 
otism; it helps to build manhood and citizenship in India. 


OPPORTUNITIES FOR CHRISTIAN SERVICE ABROAD 
INVOLVING BUSINESS AND TECHNICAL, SKILL 
(SUMMARY OF FORUM ADDRESSES) 


E. C. Carter, Formerly National Secretary of the Y. M. C. A. for India 


A considerable number of opportunities in so-called secular call- 
ings for the engineer, architect, accountant and salesman exist abroad. 
To a lesser degree, similar opportunities are offered by a few for- 
eign missionary agencies. Dr, Brewer Eddy bore witness to the re- 
markable Christian influence of certain American and English men 
engaged in business and government service all over the Orient and 
South America. Again and again he has met such men who in his 
judgment are doing as much for the Kingdom as full-time mission- 
aries. He spoke of the qualities that were necessary if success was 
to be achieved along these lines and, incidentally, advised against 
young Americans going to the Orient for business opportunities with- 
out having secured a definite appointment. 

Mr. William P. Hapgood spoke of the principles and practices 
in business and industrial life which he regarded as essential to right 
relations anywhere, and indispensable to any one who was seeking, 
through industry in the Orient to bear witness to Christianity. 

On being questioned he described the conditions of work in 


FORUMS 377 


the organization of the life in his own factory, where he intimated 
that he was not professing to be a Christian but simply seeking to 
be true to what he regarded as the two principal purposes of indus- 
try—first, to produce the necessities of life and, second, to develop 
human personality. These purposes could best be realized when the 
workers had a share in the control of the enterprise, where neither 
capital nor management was weighted against the workers, where 
every process and activity in the industry could come under review 
by all the employees, and where the employees really had a determin- 
ing voice in the conduct of the industry. Labor, he regretted to 
say, in his line of industry had not yet been organized in the State 
of Indiana. This he deprecated largely because he felt that one 
of the principal values of Union organization was the education it 
gave the worker. He felt that those who had had experience in 
Union organization were so much the more intelligent and able to 
take part in the control, development and productivity of industry. 

It was apparent, as Mr. Hapgood proceeded with his discussion, 
that there would be little chance for Christian witness upon the part 
of an industrialist in the Orient who did not break away from much 
that is common in current industrial practice and develop industry 
on a more truly human and cooperative basis. 


CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND UNOCCUPIED AREAS IN INDUSTRY 
W. P. Hapcoop, General Manager, Columbia Conserve Company, Indianapolis 


Twice during this Convention have I heard men who have served 
well in other fields say, “If I had my life to live again, I should go 
into industry.” Their desire was not for wealth or power, but for 
service in an environment which they thought to be richer in oppor- 
tunity than any other field. One of the speakers at this Convention 
has suggested that signs should be hung over the doors of the indus- 
tries of America, reading, “Unoccupied mission fields.” 

It was just that kind of opportunity which impelled my two 
friends to make the remark I have quoted. They realized how com- 
pletely these industrial fields are unaffected by Christian principles ; 
they understood the false motive which prevails there, the completely 
pagan spirit, and they wished for the physical strength of youth and 
the freedom from compelling family obligations, so that they could 
help in the great adventure of the reform of industry. They real- 
ised that it is industry, or rather its false, pagan philosophy, which 
is at the root of the evils of the world. 


378 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


As I have watched the eager faces of the students in the great 
tabernacle, as I heard them in the discussion halls, I was overwhelmed 
with the vision of this army leading the Industrial Revolution. If 
only some leader could show them the great opportunities that lay 
before them! If this band would enter the “unoccupied fields of 
industry” with the same high spirit of devotion and of courage which 
they show here, the effect would be a revolution, a Christian revo- 
lution in less than their lifetime. 

It is silly to say that idealism cannot be practiced in industry. 
The phrase “business is business” expresses not a scientific fact, but 
an inferiority complex. It is the pitiful effort of the weak human 
spirit to protect itself from self-criticism. It misrepresents the true 
meaning, the real motive in industry. But business has said so fre- 
quently that “business is business,’ that “I am in it for the money 
there is in it,’ that “it is all right in theory, but it will not work in 
practice,” that we older men, not “disillusioned” but with inferiority 
complexes, can not lead toward the real goal. We can save neither 
ourselves nor industry. You young people of this Convention can 
do it, if you do not let your elders, “the practical people,” delude 
you. 


“One man with a word at pleasure 
Can go forth and conquer a crown, 
Or two with a new song’s measure 
Can trample a kingdom down.” 


You young people could speak that word, could lead that song. 

But if you are to be doers of the word, and not hearers only, 
you must not enter industry as you would a prison, but enter it with 
heads up and confident of the pleasure you will get there. When 
friends mourn over you, shake your hand sadly and tell you how 
much they admire your idealism, but how foolish you are to sacrifice 
yourselves for those who will not appreciate it, you must bear with 
them, for “they know not what you do.” 

You will find great adventures in industry, greater than in any 
other field, if you live the life of the manual worker until you are 
called to leadership. If you use your education to assist the workers 
to understand and to govern industry, if you use it to teach employers 
fellowship and genuine democracy toward their employees, the kind 
of democracy that impels the individual to lessen his own power, to 
joyfully pass it to others, then you may be able to say, “I have come 
that they may have life and that they may have it more abundantly.” 


FORUMS 379 


GOVERNMENT SERVICE ABROAD AS AN OPPORTUNITY FOR 
CHRISTIAN SERVICE 


Dean Freperic E, Ler, University of Maryland * 
Mr. Chairman, Students of the Convention: 

I come to the discussion of our topic, “Government Service 
Abroad as an Opportunity for Christian Service,” with five years of 
direct experience in Government service, more than two of which 
were spent abroad in China as American Economist Consul for that 
country and adjacent regions. The other three were spent in direct 
contact with foreign service officers of the Government,—two years 
as Economist and Drafting Officer in the Department of State, with 
the duties of appraising certain of the work of consular and diplo- 
matic officers; drafting instructions for their guidance in the per- 
formance of their duties; and furnishing data for their efficiency 
reports on the basis of the work done. 

More recently, since returning from China a year ago to resume 
my educational work as Dean at the University of Maryland, I have 
been serving part time, at the special request of Secretary Hoover 
as Special Advisor on Far Eastern Finance in the Department of 
Commerce where I am also called upon to appraise the work of 
many of the foreign service officers of that Department,—the Com- 
mercial Attachés, Trade Commissioners, etc. 

I speak of this experience and of these connections with some 
hesitancy, not with any intent of magnifying their importance but 
merely to indicate to you my familiarity with the conditions under 
which the foreign service officers of our Government perform their 
tasks. This inside experience has also been supplemented by two 
years of residence in Japan in educational work, one and one-half 
years’ residence in Canada, and some travel in Europe, where I had 
occasion to view from the outside, as it were, the work and position 
of the consular and diplomatic officers of the Government. 

First of all, I want to point out that the openings in the foreign 
service of the Government are few. Even though we have 48 diplo- 
matic missions abroad there are today only 130 career officers in 
the diplomatic service,—116 Secretaries of embassies or legations and 
14 councillors. While the Consular establishment of our Government 
at first sight seems large, having at this date a personnel of 2,816, 
only 534 of these are career officers, i.e., Consuls-General, Consuls, 
Vice-Consuls de carriere, student interpreters and Consular assist- 


380 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


ants. Of the clerks in this service probably 500 are Americans, the 
balance foreigners. 

Likewise, in the foreign service of the Department of Com- 
merce the number of officers is comparatively small. At the pres- 
ent time there are only 110 officers and foreign clerks combined,— 
Commercial Attachés, Trade Commissioners, Assistant Trade Com- 
missioners, and clerks to trade Commissioners and clerks to Commer- 
cial Attaches. 

In an address last Wednesday evening (December 26, 1923) 
before the National Conference on Foreign Service Training in 
Washington, Mr. Wilbur J. Carr, the director of the Consular Serv- 
ice, stated that the yearly openings in the two services under the De- 
partment of State—Consular and Diplomatic Services,—amounted 
to about 35,—28 openings a year in the Consular establishment and 
7 in the Diplomatic Service. In view of the importance to American 
interests of those who are chosen it is well to dwell for a moment 
upon the basis by which they are selected. 

If any of you students have come up before Mission Boards for 
appointment and have, therefore, been made familiar with their basis 
for selection of candidates, you have doubtless thought ‘that their 
selection was rather rigid or perhaps severe. For missionary work 
the mediocre man or woman is not desired. Leadership, personality, 
scholarship of a high quality, and other similar qualifications or at- 
tainments are required. If the basis for selection for mission work 
is rigid I should say that selection for foreign service under our 
Government is many times more so. 

I should venture the estimate that of the very determined student 
volunteers more than fifty per cent of them reach or can reach the 
field in one capacity or another or under one board or another. When 
I look back to my own undergraduate days at the University of 
Kansas and my graduate days in Yale and Harvard and recall the 
students who were student volunteers there, I believe that at least 
sixty per cent of them reached the field. In fact, I believe I have 
seen nearly fifty per cent of them, particularly the men, in my home 
at the great cross-roads cities of the Orient,—Tokyo, Shanghai and 
Peking, or in their homes in Korea, China, Siberia, or Japan. 

The comparatively few who ever attain their ideal and receive 
appointment in the foreign service of the Government, however, com- 
pared with the number who apply, indicates the more rigid selection 
which is made by the Government agencies sending representatives 
abroad than that of the Mission Boards. 

Take the Consular Service, for example, with which I am most 


FORUMS 381 


familiar. To be allowed to even take the examination the candidate 
must be designated for examination by the President of the United 
States or by the Secretary of State. And, contrary to popular belief, 
secretarial or congressional assistance in the securing of such des- 
ignation is of little significance, and in fact, congressional influence 
is at times more of a handicap than a help to an aspiring candidate. 

After designation the candidates are assembled for examina- 
tion, where for two full days they are subjected to rigid civil service 
examinations in history, economics, international law, commerce, eco- 
nomic and industrial resources, languages, etc., and a passing grade 
of 80 per cent is required. In this written examination, moreover, 
education and experience count for 50 per cent of the total, so that 
a student might write a perfect examination and yet be thrown out 
on the basis of education and experience. 

Then, after this searching written examination, the candidate 
passes before a medical examining board of naval or army specialists 
when the most rigid and searching physical examination is made. 
A man who cannot pass an examination comparable to that required 
for a commission in the Army or Navy has little chance of being 
selected for the foreign service of the Government. 

Then comes the oral examination when the candidate is brought 
before an examining board made up of the Secretary of State or 
his appointee, the Director of the Consular Service, the Chief Exam- 
iner of the Civil Service Commission, and Chief of the Consular 
Bureau, mainly for a test of the personality or sound judgment of 
the candidate. This examination counts for as much as the written 
examination and the education and experience of the would-be gov- 
ernment service official combined and without personality the can- 
didate is impossible. 

If the candidate has successfully run the gauntlet of all these 
preceding examinations, which appear to be sufficient, there is yet 
one more before he can hope to be accepted. He must then go before 
the interpreter of the Department of State to show that he has the 
ability to speak the foreign language in which he has been examined, 
—French, German or Spanish. Additional credit is given for addi- 
tional languages, but woe unto the individual who tries to bluff his 
way through with some little known foreign tongue. He may say 
offhandedly that he can speak in Japanese, Egyptian, or Sanscrit 
and the Bolshevik-appearing, $2,o00-a-year State Department inter- 
preter says, “Well, we will talk in those languages awhile.” And 
to my knowledge from several extended conversations with him in 
Japanese, he speaks correctly and fluently the thirty languages he 


382 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


claims knowledge of. In one long room during the war period six 
regional economists in the Department of State were placed. This 
versatile interpreter used to come in for a friendly conversation with 
each of us. Passing down the row of desks he conversed with us 
in French, German, Russian, Spanish, Japanese, and Norwegian. 
This indicates the type of language examination to which the can- 
didate for foreign service is subjected. Can you imagine such an 
extended series of examination for a missionary candidate? 

And after all, what are the chances of the candidate getting by? 
In the examination for Economist Consuls which I took, there were 
seventeen candidates, all of whom either had a doctor’s degree or 
the equivalent before designation for examination. Six were put 
on the eligible list, four were finally appointed. At the examination 
for the regular consular service in June of that year, if I remember 
the figures correctly, 221 college trained men took the examination,— 
seventeen were made eligible for appointment, most of whom were 
eventually appointed to the lowest grade of “vice consul de carriere” 
service. 

The Diplomatic Service presents a different problem. As Sec- 
retary Hughes has recently and often pointed out, men of ability 
without private income cannot be appointed. Great Britain in its 
statement of qualifications for diplomatic officers states that no can- 
didate will be considered with a private income of less than 200 
pounds a year. We, the largest democracy of the world, haven’t the 
courage to definitely place in our statutes or regulations such a 
clause, but in practice no man can be appointed to the diplomatic 
service without a private income of more than the minimum required 
by British law. In one legation with which I served, where the high- 
est paid secretary received $4,000 a year, the personal and enter- 
tainment expenses of each diplomatic secretary ran from $8,000 to - 
$12,000 a year. Congress has a bill before it now—the Rogers 
Bill, which, if passed, will remove this undemocratic qualification for 
the diplomatic service by adjusting salaries in such a way that men 
of ability without private wealth can actually serve our Govern- 
ment abroad. 

With these requirements and qualifications so high for Gov- 
ernment service abroad, are men disappointed when they fail to 
attain their ends? I have compared the attitude of missionary can- 
didates who failed to get to their field with that of disappointed for- 
eign service candidates. Many of the former settle down contentedly 
in a pastorate, an educational position, or in business, and say, “Yes, 


FORUMS 383 


I wanted to get to the field but the Board wouldn’t accept me and 
I am quite happy where I am.” 

Fortunately many of the Government service candidates who 
fail do likewise, but some are not so easily satisfied. Some of the 
most poignant disappointment I have ever heard expressed has come 
from men who have tried to enter the career service of the Govern- 
ment and have failed. 

I sat one evening on the veranda of a consular residence in an 
oriental city, looking out over the busy harbor at sunset. With 
me sat a consular clerk who had three times taken the consular ex- 
amination and three times failed. He was then past forty-nine years 
of age, too old for another chance at the consular examination. He 
had served fifteen years abroad in South America, Australia, and 
the Far East, as consular clerk with the honorary rank of Vice- 
Consul, not of career,—many times in actual and successful charge 
of a Consulate or Consulate-general for months at a time. News 
had just reached him of his last failure in the examination, and as 
we sat in the sunset glow he became reminiscent. “Yes, Mr. Lee,” 
he said, “I have spent my life in a vain dream of the Consular 
Service. I gave up an attractive position on a New York City news- 
paper to take a position as Consular clerk, thinking thereby, that, 
as I was told, I would fit myself for the Consular examination. I 
gave up home and life in America, I gave up the privilege of having 
a wife and children because I hadn’t the courage to think of marry- 
ing until I had arrived in my career. Here I am now, fifty years 
old, alone, unmarried, in an Oriental city, serving the Government 
in an acceptable way, yet denied the privilege of Consular rank and 
position for which I have striven, in a job without a future, and too 
old to get out of it.” 

Now, with this careful selective process by which Government 
foreign service officers are chosen, what are the opportunities for 
Christian service abroad for those who are selected? These officers 
are expected to “represent the best of American culture, of American 
patriotism, of American idealism,” and here again I am indirectly 
quoting the words of the very efficient Director of the American 
Consular Service, The Honorable Wilbur J. Carr. “A man without 
industry, without personality of the highest type, with unsound judg- 
ment, without patriotism, without culture and refinement, cannot be 
selected to represent our Government and civilization abroad.” 

Now I submit to you, can a man represent the best of American 
culture, the best of American idealism, the highest type of person- 
ality, without either directly or indirectly, consciously or uncon- 


384 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


sciously, holding within himself the ideals and practices of the Chris- — 
tian faith? I hold to the view, based upon life in countries of 
non-Christian cultures and a study of Kultur-Geschichte that our 
institutions are what they are because of their dependence upon the 
principles of right-living, justice, humanitarianism, which are a fun- 
damental part of the practices and faith of the Christian religion. 

Have our consular and diplomatic officers in the past, do they 
now properly represent the best of our American culture, our Amer- 
ican civilization? Are their responsibilities and duties such as to 
demand that they should represent the best of our American life 
and culture? 

If, in connection with this last question, we look for a moment 
at the duties and responsibilities of our foreign service officers, we 
can the more readily answer the previous question. 

What are the duties and responsibilities of our foreign service 
officers? It might be easier to answer the question, What are not 
the duties of these officers? A glance at this chart which I brought 
along which was issued a year or so ago as a supplement to the 
American Consular Bulletin and is now reprinted from month to 
month on the back of that magazine as a constant reminder, indi- 
cates in part some of the duties of those officers. 

To merely enumerate some of the duties of our.consular officers 
would show the various and important contacts they must make 
abroad in all of which contacts American culture and civilization are 
judged. Functioning under and through the Department of State 
this chart shows the following activities for American Consuls: pro- 
tection of American citizens; protection of American interests; po- 
litical and economic reports; Consular courts in extraterritorial coun- 
tries ; notarial services ; depositions and commissions; relief of Amer- 
ican seamen; estates of American seamen; citizenship; registration 
of Americans; passport services, Americans; alien visa control; 
deaths of Americans; estates of deceased Americans; witnesses to . 
marriages; recordation of vital statistics, in addition to miscellaneous 
correspondence with and reports to the Treasury, Navy, Post Office, 
War and Interior Departments, the Departments of Labor, Justice, 
Commerce, and Agriculture, the Federal Reserve Board, the Shipping 
Board, Panama Canal Commission, and to the American citizen in 
general. 

The duties of American diplomatic officers, particularly in the 
protection of American citizens, protection of American interests, 
and in the preparation of political and economic reports are some- 
what similar. 


FORUMS 385 


For both services, however, one of the most important functions 
of these officers is their representative capacity. They are, or should 
be in every sense of the word, true representatives of the American 
Government, of the American people, of American life and culture, 
and here is where the opportunities for Christian service in this field 
come in. The foreign service officer can either supplement or he 
can tear down the work of the missionary. In more ways than one 
he is a real missionary of our culture and civilization. 

Tyler Dennett in his book, “Americans in Eastern Asia,” in 
speaking of the American consular service during the nineteenth 
century, says that over this service for the century one would wish 
to draw a veil. Those were the days of the “merchant”’ consul, fol- 
lowed by the “fee” consul, before the days of the career consular 
officer under Civil Service. Certainly in many respects many of 
these former Consular officers did not properly represent our Amer- 
ican culture and did not give much evidence of being representative 
of a Christian civilization. 

Is America Christian now, however, and have we a right, there- 
fore, to demand that our representative abroad shall represent our 
Christian culture? Do they? 

Last January I was called to Yale to deliver a lecture in con- 
nection with the Religious Leadership course of lectures there. On 
the subject of the attitude of the American official and American 
business man in the Far East toward the Missionary enterprise I 
had to tell the truth as I saw it. Among American officials I found 
three classes—One, a small minority who honored and backed up 
the missionary in his work;—Second, a fairly large majority who 
were indifferent to or ignored the missionary and his program; and 
lastly—a small minority again actually hostile and antagonistic to the 
missionary and his work and to all work of a Christian character. 
The business community likewise fell into about the same classes. 

To the native, however, all Americans and all Europeans are 
looked upon as Christian, and Christian civilization and the Christian 
religion itself are judged by the conduct of all Americans abroad. 

In the sessions of this conference it has been pointed out that 
America is not as Christian as it might be, as it ought to be, yet we 
can safely say that probably at least 4o millions of its people are 
nominally followers of the Christian faith—are enrolled in its 
churches or are guided by the teachings of Christ in their conduct. 
That is virtually four out of eleven, or a little less than forty per cent 
of our population. If thirty-five are appointed annually, therefore, 
to these foreign services could we not reasonably expect that at’ least 


386 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


the above proportion, four out of eleven, or twelve out of the thirty- 
five will be of definite Christian character? If the others are to rep- 
resent America and American culture, should they not recognize the 
general dependence of our civilization upon Christianity, and at 
least, in their dealings with native races, shape their conduct accord- 
ing to the tenets of American idealism and culture which are basically 
Christian ? 

Personally, I believe that the opportunities for Christian service 
in Government service abroad are almost as unlimited as those in 
education or in direct mission work. I am confident, too, of a real 
need for more openly Christian individuals in our foreign service, 
particularly in backward countries. The responsibility, therefore, of 
making our foreign service more Christian, and in that way more 
truly representative, rests, to a very large extent, with you 7,000 
students of the 1,000 colleges and universities you represent, either 
through the entry of some of your number into the service, or by 
making known to Government departments your desires in the 
matter. 


OPPORTUNITIES FOR MARRIED WOMEN WITHIN AND 
WITHOUT THE HOME 


Mrs. Cuartes K. Roys, Secretary, Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions 


The home is basic everywhere. Throughout the world it is an 
indispensable agency in community evangelism. In Protestant 
Christianity the unit group is the family. Its first task, wherever the 
gospel is preached, is to promote the organization of Christian homes. 
When such a home is established the result is reflected, not only in 
the life of the individual, or in the comfort of its members, but it 
may be seen in the homes of the Christian community. Recognizing 
the family as the fundamental social group, the Christian propa- 
gandist seeks to found a home through which regenerating influ- 
ences shall touch and transform the community. 

It has been well said, “Christianity has in the home its sweet 
fruits and its most potent influences to humanize, elevate and evan- 
gelize a race of men.” If this be true among Christian peoples, what 
must be the value of the Christian home in a land where Christianity 
is taking root? It is one of the greatest apologetics for Christianity, 
a concrete demonstration of Christian idealism. Its value is that it 
is obvious and challenges attention. It is a little bit of the best of 
Christian America or Great Britain set down in a non-Christian com- 
munity. It may embody the finest these countries have to offer. 


FORUMS 387 


Those who enter a true home find a haven of joy, rest and peace, 
something the national desires to establish for himself, something 
which may well prove to be “a bit of heaven on earth.” 

The mission enterprise utilizes every agency for making an im- 
pact on the life of a people—the schools of various types, the hospital 
with its dispensaries and district nurses, the church with its out- 
stations, colporteurs, Bible women and evangelizing radius. But the 
Christian home goes far in reinforcing all this varied work. In very 
truth it is the Christian message in action. 

Many who are able to resist the arguments or appeals of the 
missionary are forced to confess the appeal of the Christian home. 
A Greek student once wrote in a class paper: 

“Nothing in the college in Smyrna impressed, touched and in- 
fluenced the students as much as the attractiveness, the beauty, the 
purity and the Christianity of the home of the missionaries, who at 
all times kept open the doors of their homes and of their hearts as 
well. There boys and girls came face to face with a living, loving, 
contagious, applied Christianity. Asking a student to see the baby 
put to sleep amounted to nothing, perhaps, but it led one of the best 
young fellows in the college to give his life to Christian service and 
ultimately to sacrifice it in serving his enemies.” 

A brilliant student of philosophy, who used to spend his eve- 
nings in a missionary home discussing deep questions, remarked: 
“Though I could throw down all Mr. ’s arguments, I could not 
but see, even from his contact with the housemaid, that he possessed 
something which I could not understand, something that I lacked.” 

A missionary mother, now on the field, has this to say: 

“Home is the one and only spot upon earth where you have the 
opportunity, unfettered, to reproduce in the power of Jesus Christ 
a plot of the Kingdom and the atmosphere of it.” 

A pagan land is a land of low ideals, sometimes of unbelievable 
abominations. These are not readily dealt with, even if they are 
visible. The true Christian home with its atmosphere of happiness, 
purity and peace is the most potent corrective of low standards of 
thinking and action for young people or old. What else can combat 
the subtle, demoralizing influences, or furnish an antidote against the 
moral infections of a pagan land? To appreciate its value one must 
pass through crowded native streets, touching, it may be, the most 
degraded conditions of human life, and then suddenly turn into a 
missionary compound, to note its simple refinement, to breathe its 
atmosphere of purity, and to hear the laughter of little children. 
Arguments may be forgotten or may fail to convince the one who 





388 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


is not a Christian; deeds of friendliness may be misinterpreted or 
resented; but the silent witness of the Christian home is not readily 
lost. 

A real home does not happen. It is the fruitage of loving, skilful, 
sacrificial planning. Its furnishings should be as carefully planned 
as those in our own land. A home turned wholly over to servants 
does not often secure this atmosphere. When it is restfully ordered, 
reflecting through some form of music, good pictures, books and 
magazines the tastes of its founders, the people of their adopted 
country quickly sense its beauty and are affected by it. It was truly 
said of a certain missionary wife, refurnishing her home which had 
been devastated during a war, that to give her a new tea-service or 
doilies for her tea-table was as real a contribution to foreign missions 
as a set of textbooks or a Bible for the school or church. Such a 
home attracts many and wins because it is attractive. Simplicity 
should be its keynote. The lands to which the westerner goes often 
abound in exquisite materials and equipment, which can be readily 
utilized, thus obviating the excessive import of goods and furniture 
from abroad. 

The home invariably reflects the qualities of the wife. It is her 
working center. Should she fail to realize the desirableness of an 
attractive home or be for any reason unqualified to create such a 
home, the result will be immediate and disappointing. 

The primary responsibility of the wife is in her home. Inability 
to make it what it should be is a heavy handicap to her, to her hus- 
band, and to others. What it may become depends almost wholly 
upon her, her genius, disposition, willingness and devotion to little 
‘and large things alike. It is her throne, her pulpit, her social in- 
strument. } 

Obviously, however beautiful it may seem, the real value of a 
home as an agency in preaching the good news of Jesus Christ 
depends on its relationships. There are four relationships within 
the circle of intimate home life which make or mar its character and 
affect its influence: The wife’s relationship to God; to her husband; 
to her children; to her servants. 

Profoundly important to the wife is her relationship to God. 
The intimacy of her communion with Him gives atmosphere to the 
home and will determine the measure of its most uplifting influence. 
If in all her problems she seeks the wisdom promised those who 
ask, if her life is one of prayer and thoughtfulness, its spirit will 
have transforming power for many. It is this necessity which calls 
for thorough religious preparation. 


FORUMS 389 


The fundamentals which underlie all happy family relationships 
apply in foreign lands as at home, but the frequent isolations of life 
abroad make the husband and wife more than ordinarily dependent 
on each other. Such isolation, in place of being a sacrifice, may 
indeed be a real blessing, drawing them together as no other situa- 
tion can. 

The question of sharing in her husband’s work is always a 
complex one for a wise wife. It can never be settled by others or 
once for all time. She usually has a certain store of time and energy 
above the needs of household management, which can be drawn upon 
to relieve him of responsibility. If she has been trained, even a 
little, in the keeping of accounts, so that her husband can leave the 
family and household expenditures entirely to her, one real burden 
will be rolled away. She can write many of the family and social 
letters. She can support his administration by opening her home to 
his national colleagues or to his students or to dignitaries. Some- 
times she can accompany him on his itinerations or share in some 
of his activities. Such an interest will increase the zeal with which 
he labors so incessantly. 

The husband’s work often means separation from home, while 
he is away on business. A woman of timid nature suffers under the 
frequent and often long absences of her husband, and is tempted to 
make demands on his time which seriously handicap the work. In 
most cases, however, conspicuous heroism is shown by wives and 
young mothers, who, with fine spirit, take these separations as a 
part of their share in the work. A woman often finds her greatest 
trial and challenge and strain in this matter of necessary separation 
from her husband, but she will be sustained in it by the sense of 
thus having a part in his achievement. 

Of even greater importance may be her share in her husband’s 
recreative life. The necessity of it she should understand. His 
work, like much of her own, is often tiring beyond endurance. It is 
her privilege to keep the home a place of refreshing comfort for him, 
so that he may retain the balance of mind, the hopefulness, the 
resilience of temper so essential to his poise, sanity and strength. 
To make him the confidant of the daily round of domestic “woes,” 
or to add to his burden by a tale of loneliness or homesickness, is a 
sorry contribution to missionary morale. 

For the sake of the steadiness and efficiency of his life the wise 
wife will encourage her husband to cherish some “hobby.” One 
missionary lived through years of exceptional strain and overwork, 
because he kept his boyish enthusiasm for making canoes. When 


390 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


perplexed beyond endurance by the problems of his work, he would 
sit down in the evening to draw a plan for a new canoe, and come 
out of it refreshed. A famous missionary in India, who lived and 
worked with vigor to an advanced age, maintained his reserves of 
energy by cultivating choice roses and other flowers. A few hours 
of pruning and weeding gave him a fresh grip upon his puzzling 
problems. Calvin Mateer, that indefatigable worker, who began his 
day earlier and worked later than the younger men of his station, 
loved to gather the boys together and take a watch to pieces, showing 
them how to fit the parts back into their proper places. Some mis- 
sionaries relax by following a course of study in archeology, or by 
some form of research which has no direct relation to their daily 
responsibilities. Whatever it may be that relaxes the strain which 
the innumerable problems impose upon most missionaries, the sym- 
pathetic wife will give it all reasonable leeway and due appreciation. 

It is equally true that she should have some means of relaxation. 
Serenity, poise and sanity of thinking will reward the effort. Sharing 
a hobby with her husband will double its value. A husband and wife 
may enjoy botanizing or photography or gardening or any kind of 
real recreation together. Two women missionaries of China found 
relaxation in studying the problems of adapting for interior decora- 
tion a combination of the Oriental and the Occidental styles, studying 
the effects produced in the homes of cultured Chinese. 

Of very great importance is the sharing between husband and 
wife of the deepest things in the spiritual life. Each should seek to 
understand the finer moods of the other and to enter into them with 
delicate appreciation. When both can not only consider with mutual 
helpfulness the religious problems of other people, but can gain a 
real inspiration by realizing the true foundations of each other’s 
deepest life, the relationship of husband and wife will find its sweetest 
and finest expression. 

Happy are those whose home is made complete by children. he 
their earliest years they cut the mother off from many forms of 
outside service, in which she may have shown great skill, yet they 
hold a very real place in the value of the home she is building. 
Nationals readily love the little white child, and claim it as belonging 
to them. A foreign baby overcomes indifference and even hostility. 
Memory recalls an angry mob, infuriated at the “foreign devils,” 
which became a crowd of ardent admirers, when the chairbearers 
cried, “Make way for the small baby; she’s as waite as a woolly 
lamb!” 

Although a wife may be kept within her home while hel children 


; 
i 
, 





FORUMS 391 


are young, yet her experience as a mother enables her later to do 
highly important service by sharing her ideals. with mothers who 
need her helpful sympathy. Common experiences of motherhood 
make the best possible foundation for real friendships. The ignorant 
mother who comes to watch the processes of loving care, not only 
learns to bathe or clothe or feed or train her own little child, but 
has an opportunity to hear about the love of Jesus, who came as a 
little child and who loved to have children about Him. 

The problem of growing children in the home in mission lands 
is one that tests to the utmost the constancy and the character of the 
parents. Upon the mother rests, as a rule, the details of responsibility. 
Unless she live in or near a city of central importance with an ade- 
quate number of British or American inhabitants, the task of teaching 
the little ones until they have to go to America or to some available 
center of education will be hers. It is advisable for her to gain some 
insight into the best methods of educating children and some knowl- 
edge of elementary curricula. 

How far the wise mother should go in sharing her children with 
her neighbors among her adopted people is a momentous question 
for her and for them. The sanitary conditions of many Oriental 
cities demand thoughtful protection against disease. The moral and 
social conditions of many communities are equally dangerous to young 
and sensitive minds. Yet the western mother may, if she really 
wishes to do so, share her children in a reasonable way with the 
child-loving Eastern or other folk. Contact in the Sunday School 
or in the garden of her home with native Christian children is natural 
and need not be morally dangerous, although contact with the non- 
Christian children of the city or country often is. Without this brave 
and loyal sharing of the missionary’s best with others her work tends 
to become professional. It takes sincere consecration and abundant 
common sense to assume that God will shelter little children as well 
as grownups in their contacts with their adopted people; but, if the 
missionary mother cannot cultivate this attitude of mind, her position 
will be both difficult and misunderstood. “To be in all respects a 
careful mother, but one ‘without carefulness’ guarding against undue 
anxiety” is indeed a valuable maxim. 

In Mission lands, as at home, the mother must meet moral 
emergencies as she meets physical ones, with coolness, tact and con- 
structiveness. The problem is’a great one; it never reaches a final 
solution ; it calls for constant watchfulness; but it is not by any means 
insoluble. Here again should be noted the importance of training in 
the home land in the methods of character development. It will help 


392 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


the young mother to know how others have met urgent problems in 
the training of young minds, yet her task will be all her own. She 
should not fail to teach her children by precept and example the 
importance of the religious point of view in everyday life and the 
meaning and value of missionary service. Their future character, 
their estimate of Christianity and of Christian virtues and standards 
will be low or high, their social sympathies will be broad or narrow, 
their personal manners will be charming or crude, almost in propor- 
tion to the share of their parents in their growing lives. 

In mission lands there is usually no difficulty in obtaining serv- 
ants, such as they are. But in the management of them the Western 
woman often finds her greatest difficulty. A training in household 
economics and management is a godsend, even though every illus- 
tration of the principles she has mastered may be wholly unfamiliar. 
Skilled housekeeping is a science and art. Its presence or absence 
affects greatly the peace, order and happiness of the entire household. 

The young wife’s standards are revealed by her management of 
her servants. It is easy for Westerners to fall into the Oriental habit 
of treating them as menials who work for a wage. But the gospel 
of brotherliness and love should be preached in the home as well as 
on the street corner. It is a sad commentary on that gospel, as set 
forth in some missionary homes, that many of the servants are not 
at all attracted by Christianity. It is not difficult to give zealous 
servants their reasonable share in the home life without losing the 
needful respect which they should pay to the heads of their house- 
hold. What eager service is often rendered in the preparation for 
expected guests, when household helpers are told something about 
the visitors before their arrival. 

In most cases the servants in a foreign household are kept away 
from their own homes. It should be the pleasure of the wife who 
cares for their well-being to enable them to live a wholesome life 
of their own, properly guarded and developed. To some degree they 
can share the joys of the home and the problems of the work of 
each week. Reading matter purchased for their use, pictures shared 
with them, and recreation for their idle hours—these measures of 
thoughtfulness will be richly repaid by devoted and intelligent service. 

Western children reflect with accuracy the real attitude of their 
parents toward their servants. Some children are insufferable in 
their discourtesy and unreasonableness. One who has spent several 
weeks on an ocean liner or even half a day in some missionary com- 
pounds will notice illustrations aplenty of this lack of gentle breeding. 
The wise mother will encourage her children to recognize courteously 


FORUMS 393 


every service rendered. Courtesy, that fine flower of the spirit, when 
practiced by mistress and children will bloom among the servants. 
“Sankee you” was familiarily heard from the Chinese in a missionary 
home, where the rule of courtesy was followed. The friendly “Good 
night” and “Good morning” were soon learned, although there were 
no equivalents in the native tongue. They speak a universal language 
which needs no interpreter. 

The mastery of these relationships is a matter of no small 
moment. Frequently the real reputation of a missionary in his com- 
munity is settled by the working standards of his home life, reported 
by his servants and co-workers. There is, however, a broader signifi- 
cance of the Christian home in the mission field. It should be the 
joy of the wife to plan with tact and persistence to give to her home 
this additional, far-reaching value in the community at large. 

The wife who truly wishes to use her home as a means of bless- 
ing to the people among whom she and her husband live faces a 
most searching and delicate test. To succeed in this effort will call 
for much more than tact or good humor or even devotedness. She 
may find many other forms of activity relatively simple in compari- 
son. Teaching or visiting or translating or doing some form of 
hospital service may be performed after a fashion, while in her home 
the wife may, fail. Success means overcoming a natural shrinking 
from intimacy with a people whose heritage, points of view, and 
manners seem altogether different; it may mean the sacrifice of a 
life of privacy. It always mean continual interruptions; very often, 
wearisome and seemingly wasteful hours of small talk. Yet such 
service unquestionably bears rich fruitage. It demands a careful 
study of indigenous etiquette, so that what sometimes seems to be the 
trifling predilections of the people may be respected. It challenges 
the wife to cultivate an understanding of the true values of her 
adopted people and.to persist in a determination to take them at their 
best. But the most essential factor, after all, is the warm heart 
which manifests a sincere friendliness. 

In some countries, and notably today, nationals of good social 
standing are quick to resent a marked distinction between themselves 
and foreign guests, particularly if they are excluded from portions 
of the home into which Westerners are welcome. The Christian home 
ought not to be a means of raising race barriers, but rather a notable 
means of levelling them, wherever that is possible. Nationals of any 
race realize it very quickly, if only the second best of the Westerner 
home life has been granted to them. For none others should the 
wife be so eager to wear her prettiest gown, to use her choicest 


394 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


dishes, to plan her most entertaining games. Many a student and 
diplomat to foreign countries has learned his first lessons in foreign 
etiquette in a missionary home. But the results of true friendliness 
do not accrue only to the national who is a guest. To the home- 
maker, who thus as a matter of consecration tries to share her home 
with those who need its influence, Christ Himself will often come in 
the person of a guest. 

Little need be said about the use which will be made an the home 
in the foreign community itself. Where there is a group of such 
homes, their interchange of courtesies goes far towards relieving the 
strain of life in an alien land. They share the joy of little children, 
and of the treasures which come from the homeland. They rely upon 
the comradeship engendered. The more important use of a real home 
in foreign lands is on behalf of the unmarried worker, the pressure 
on whose time often reduces his home: joys to a minimum, or on 
behalf of those who, for some reason, are compelled to return to an 
empty house. A tactful hostess can, abroad just as at home, do much. 
to maintain the morale of the community of which she is an essential 
part. In some centers such responsibilities may become very heavy. 
In one port city, through which many traveled, one missionary house- 
hold recorded—let it be said, with some pride and not without satis- 
faction—the entertainment of 395 nationals and 225 missionaries for 
at least one meal and of 22 over night during a single month. This 
was, however, an unusual experience at the time of an important 
gathering. 

Then there is the relationship of a Christian home to the circle 
of Western business men of the community. The downward pull 
of the non-Christian environment is responsible for much of the 
laxness in standards of the “community people” so-called. Whatever 
can be gained through friendly hospitality in improving the types of 
life of business people is a direct, sometimes enormous gain to Chris- 
tianity itself. 

Thus through its relationships within and without, the Christian 
home is made rich in its ministries in the non-Christian land. 

When Almighty God was ready to make the supreme revelation 
of His love to the world, He chose a woman in a home and her little 
Child to be His medium of expression. The sure reward of deep and 
abiding joy awaits those who seek to make God’s love shine through 
their homes into the dark places of the earth. 


CLOSING MESSAGES OF CONVENTION 


WHAT JESUS CHRIST HAS MEANT TO ME AND 
LOM Yih OP EE 


ANDREW THAKAR Dass 


Foreman Christian College, Lahore, India, and Union Theological Seminary, 
New York City 


I speak to you this evening of “What Christ Has Meant to Me 
and My People.” “Jesus Christ, the same yesterday and today, and 
forever.” In His own person and nature Jesus Christ is unchange- 
able; nevertheless, He is the perennial Christ, realized and recognized 
by peoples of different lands and ages, in different aspects of His 
character. 

To the early Christians of the first church He was the Messiah; 
to the Romans He personified a new ideal of life; to Europe at the 
time of the Reformation He was the Deliverer ; and to the Christians 
of the modern West today He is more than anything else the world 
Savior. But in India Jesus Christ is recognized above all as “Christ 
and Him crucified.” 

The keynote of the religions of India is asceticism. The re- 
ligious enthusiast, in renouncing the world, undergoes a physical and 
.mental discipline for the enlightenment of his soul. He undertakes 
to practice certain bodily postures which are meant to subdue the 
physical senses. He practices closing his eyes in order to still his 
mind and to concentrate his attention upon the supreme being. 

This discipline is expected to bring body and mind under the 
yoke, called “yoga,” which is the same as the English word yoke. 
Furthermore, it is supposed that almost anything can be accomplished 
by means of self torture and endurance of pain. Some of the prac- 
tices and self-inflicted horrors of these austere ascetics in India are 

395 


306 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


beyond description, for example, fasting to the point of extreme 
emaciation, continued and prolonged silence, maintaining one fixed 
position for months and years, while unimaginable vermin creep over 
the body and the limbs become useless. All this is calculated to bring 
about the enlightenment of the soul. 

About 800 years or more before Christ a king asked the sage 
Yajnavalkiya, “What is the light of man?” 

The sage at first made the obvious reply, “The sun, O King, 
for having the sun alone for his light, man sits, moves about, does 
his work and returns.” 

But this did not satisfy the king, and he asked, “When the sun 
is set, what is the light of man?” 

And again the obvious answer came, ‘When the sun is set, then 
the moon is the light of man, for having the moon alone for his light, 
man sits, moves about and does his work and returns.” 

“But when the sun is set and the moon is set, what is the light 
of man?” And once more the sage answered, and this time perhaps 
in the spirit of modern applied science, ‘““When the sun is set and the 
moon is set, then fire is the light of man, for having fire alone for his 
light, man sits, moves about, does his work and returns.” 

But the recurring question came again, “When the sun is set 
and the moon is set and the fire has gone out, what is the light of 
man?” and there is but one answer to that question, and Yajnavalkiya 
gave it at last, “When the sun is set and the moon is set and the fire 
is out, the soul is the light of man.” 

Friends, India has rigorously toiled and afflicted herself to secure 
the soul-light. India has practiced asceticism, India has crushed her- 
self to attain this sublime ideal. But all this self-imposed suffering 
has been barren and self-centered. India has never learned the lesson 
of suffering to serve. Side by side with this proud self-infliction there 
have existed and still exist millions of untouchables who are being 
trampled down under ruthless feet. Side by side with this self- 
centered self-infliction there have existed and still exist multitudes 
of sick and needy people with no one near to give them even a cheer- 
ing smile. Side by side with this lofty asceticism there has existed 
despised womanhood, as witness the pale, perspiring widow going 
in agonized determination to the burning pyre of her dead husband 
to share his fate. 

No, India had never learned the lesson that suffering is for the 
sake of service, and it is only Christ, and Christ crucified, who has 
taught India a higher and a nobler type of asceticism. It is He who 
came declaring that “the Son of man came not to be ministered unto 


CHRIST AND INDIA 397 


’ 


but to minister and to give His life a ransom for many,” who has 
taught India the true meaning of asceticism. 

Perhaps some of us have heard the name of Sadhu Sundar 
Singh, who a few years back visited this land. I have had the privi- 
lege of knowing him quite intimately, as he and I studied together 
at the Ewing High School in the Punjab. In fact, we sat at the 
same table in the dining hall every day. Here was a young man who 
had given up all that was dear to him for the sake of his Master, 
friends, parents, money, land and everything that he might have 
had. He came to this school, but did not remain very long. After 
a few weeks we began to perceive a sort of dreamy look of discontent 
and dissatisfaction on his face. He seemed to be struggling inwardly 
with some great problem. One day all of a sudden Sundar Singh 
disappeared from our school and no one knew what had happened 
to him. Little did we know that Sundar Singh had been counting 
the cost and had struggled and had conquered. Little did we know 
that Sundar Singh was a chosen vessel of the Lord and had dis- 
appeared to obey his Master, calling him to suffer and to serve. Little 
did we know that Sundar Singh was destined to be the apostle of 
India, and though penniless, to carry the message of life over land 
and sea. 

But he is not the only one, not by any means. I know a 
professor of the Forman Christian College at Lahore in the Punjab, 
Shinapar Kasham by name, of wonderful intellect and ability, a 
professor just returned from America. I once heard him speak in 
the College Hall and remarked, “If I have to be a fellow professor 
with this man, I had better go back to America and do my reading 
again.” But like so many learned men, Shinapar Kasham was a 
little too learned to appreciate the simplicity of Christ. Day by day 
he came to the College, and did his work in a mechanical way, and, 
day after day, he became more gloomy and hopeless. 

At last a great change came over him. He was touched by the 
words of a servant of God, and Christ, entering his life, gave him 
joy, peace and hope. Within two months Shinapar Kasham had the 
facts of the New Testament upon the tips of his fingers. 

Time passed on, and suddenly one day Shinapar Kasham an- 
nounced that he was going to give up his job in the college, that 
what he was doing there was not enough for him, that he had strug- 
gled and prayed over the matter and could no longer stay in his old 
position. In vain did fellow-professors plead with him, in vain did 
the president of the college plead with him, in vain did I, his pastor, 
plead with him. He could not and would not listen to any argu- 


398 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


ments. He left the college, and today the learned Shinapar Kasham 
is walking about the streets of India barefooted, trying to help the 
masses of sick and needy people and give them the message of life 
without any remuneration. | 

Again he is not the only one, not by any means. There was a 
poor villager in a small town of Moga in the Punjab, whose name 
was Sucha Singh. As for his profession, he worked on the farm. 
It has to be admitted that he did not distinguish very well between 
his own pocket and the pockets of his neighbors. But gradually this 
man was captured by Christ and began to lead a life of prayer. A 
new joy, peace, and hope came into his life, and one day he said to 
his wife, “Behold, the birds of the heaven sow not, neither do they 
reap nor gather into barns, yet our Heavenly Father feedeth them.” 
He said it with all the sincerity of his character, and then and there 
they both knelt down before God, husband and wife, and offered 
themselves a living sacrifice unto Him. Today, after giving up every- 
thing, Sucha Singh and his wife are serving their Christ and Master 
without looking to any human‘being for any compensation. 

Oh, I could give you names of hundreds of such preachers and 
workers in India, who have come out in sheer faith and have sacri- 
ficed all that they had to serve their Master, Who died for them and 
their sins. 

It was my privilege to be born in the home of a Christian 
minister. I was brought up under Christian influences, yet in spite 
of that, as so often happens, I led a careless and indifferent life, as 
far as Christ and religion went. Many a time my dear father, who 
was a convert from Hinduism, spoke to me and said, “You cannot 
appreciate what ‘Christ, and Him crucified’ means. It isn’t possible 
for you to understand what it means. I who was once far away 
from Him, I can tell you what ‘Christ and Him crucified’ means.” 
I must confess that I did not know what “Christ and Him crucified” 
really meant. However, I did not have to wait long; I did not have 
to wait long. Very soon my dear father was taken away from me, 
and I saw how a Christian dies. That sad evening when I returned 
from the cemetery to my home, people told me that a comet, had 
appeared in the sky, and was moving in a parabolic curve and would 
never be seen again. It was the 21st of January, IgIo. 

I went out and looked at that fast receding comet. I looked at 
it and wondered, looked and just wondered. Then I said “good-bye” 
to the comet, “good-bye” to my dear father, and “good-bye” to my 
old life, and in a moment I knew what “Christ and Him crucified” 
means to me, and there at that spot with joy and tears I enlisted for 


CHRIST AND CHINA 399 


His service. Since then very imperfectly we have obeyed, and very 
humbly now we bow down before our God in gratitude for what He 
has done for us in the past. 7 

I have heard during this convention of many different nations 
aspiring to prepare a crown for our common Lord. We in India 
also aspire to prepare a crown for Him, a crown made of Indian 
gold, a crown designed after Indian patterns, a crown decked with 
Indian gems; and when India, the priestess of the world, bent with 
her ancient lore and wrapped in the unseen, stands up to crown Him, 
the nations of the whole world will fall prostrate before Him and 
crown Him Lord of all. 


WHAT JESUS CHRIST HAS MEANT TO ME 
AND: MY\);PEOPLE 


LYK Coane 


Chinese Student, Cornell University 


My time will soon be up, so I deem it wise to keep close to my 
subject from the start. Jesus Christ has meant to me life, abundant 
life, free life, the life of faith in God. He has meant that to me, 
because I have tried to be with Him; and so it ought to mean the 
same to my people if He is with them. 

There still ring in my ears the words, so earnestly spoken to 
one hundred and fifty of us just before we left Shanghai to study 
in this land five years ago, “Bring back science, engineering, medicine, 
prosperous business, sound government and all that is essential for 
the building of the great democracy which we have so long hoped for.” 

Since then five years have passed. During these five years it 
has been my lot to study the fundamental principles of engineering 
and to investigate the practices and operations of your great indus- 
tries and manufactures. Likewise, I have spared time to take note 
of the wonderful operation of your political forces and machinery, 
which are the foundations of your great edifice of democracy. And 
oftentimes I have wondered why, with such a splendid republican 
and democratic form of government in this country, there are still 
groups of people who are trying to make your government more 
democratic and some other groups who want to make it more re- 
publican. 

I ought to say that I have often watched with great admiration 


400 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


the courageous effort of your people to make your prohibition pro- 
hibit. All these things are wonderful things, fine things. We want 
to have them all. But, my friends, above them all the greatest thing 
I have found for myself in this land and which I am proud to take 
back to my people, is the living God in Jesus of Nazareth. If Jesus 
goes back with me to my people, I feel that along with Him there will 
come the real engineering, the real science, the real medicine and 
what not; and in Him there shall be the revelation of the living God, 
which is what we need most of all. 

You may say, “That is all hot air, it is too vague. You ought 
to be specific and definite.” To me, personally and specifically, Jesus 
Christ has meant the following three things. 

In the first place, in Jesus I have found a standard of perfect 
manhood and womanhood. We Chinese have studied for centuries 
the teachings of Buddhism, and many have tried the standard of 
Buddha’s perfect man. Many also have pondered on the require- 
ments and qualifications of Confucius’ perfect man, the “Superior 
Man.” But so far as I can understand, with all the mental powers 
at my disposal, the Christ man is the one I want, for three reasons. 

First, the Christ man leads a life of optimism, purity, love, sacri- 
fice and faith in God. . 

Second, that life is practicable because the man, Jesus of Naza- 
reth, has lived it and lived it perfectly. 

Third, the Christ man is the divine man because through the 
life of Jesus of Nazareth we have been given a glimpse of God, and 
we see Him in greater clearness as we know more about Jesus of 
Nazareth. 

Moreover, in Jesus and through Him I find the standard of a 
perfect home. All of you will have fond memories of your college 
life. It is so with me. I have made wonderful friends, I have en- - 
joyed wonderful entertainments in your homes and societies, but my 
heart always throbs with joy whenever I think of the one home, the 
first American home I stepped into, where I found Christ. 

It is a modest home with modest people, perhaps unknown to 
many except closest friends, but it is the home in which I have seen 
a perfect manifestation of love between father, mother, sons, daugh- 
ters, brothers and sisters and their friends; and in whatever they 
have done I have caught a glimpse of a great spirit which later I 
discovered to be that of Christ. Though during my one year of 
friendship with this family they never said one word to me about 
the things they believe, I found it out later, on the grounds of North- 


CHRIST AND CHINA 401 


field, and I decided to be with them in following Christ. Now, home 
to me is where Jesus Christ is supreme. 

You have all heard that China is in a process of transition. We 
are changing rapidly. Old things are being given up. The old foun- 
dations of our social tradition, history and philosophy are now crum- 
bling apart as wet sand. Old homes are fast disintergrating and 
new homes are being built. But how? If Christ has been sufficient 
for such a perfect home to be built upon Him in this land, I am 
convinced that the new home in China must be one in which Christ 
is supreme. 

Finally, in Jesus Christ I have found a perfect social order, 
nationally and internationally. You have been told by many speakers 
from this platform that all the good movements and benevolent enter- 
prises for social uplift in China can be traced back to some Christian 
church in China. I can testify to you that in Christ we can find the 
power not only to transform the social order in one nation but also 
between nations. I testify from my own personal experience. I 
remember clearly one afternoon when I sat down quietly with a 
Japanese friend on the grounds of Silver Bay. We hated the Japa- 
nese because we were taught to do so; we hated them from the 
bottom of our hearts and with the soles of our feet. But I sat down 
with that Christian Japanese and talked as a Christian brother, and 
as we discussed the settlement of our national differences along the 
Christ way, we found it was perfectly easy, and we wished that I 
had been the President of China and he had been the Emperor of 
Japan,—then we should have no more trouble. 

One hundred and twenty-six Chinese delegates are present in 
this convention. This afternoon in our delegation meeting the ques- 
tion was asked, “Why should we Chinese not join hands with our 
American and Canadian brothers in the mission field?” and we an- 
swered, “We shall do it.” We wish we could go with you to Africa 
or India or elsewhere, but we think and feel that we can be of more 
service in our own homeland. I know personally that among you 
there are men and women who are going to China. The field is vast 
and the pioneering has just begun. We need reinforcements. Won’t 
more of you come? 


WHY FOREIGN MISSIONS? 


KENNETH Scott LATOURETTE 


D, Willis James Professor of Missions at Yale University and Vice-Chairman 
of the Executive Committee of the Student Volunteer Movement 


I have been asked to do a rather difficult thing tonight, to try to 
give in fifteen minutes a philosophy of foreign missions. Many of 
you as you go on your homeward journey will be trying to summarize 
the results of these days, and you will be asking yourselves, “Why, 
after all, foreign missions?” After the indictment of American life 
that we heard from Mr. Eddy Saturday afternoon, after this morn- 
ing’s indictment of our American college life, after the indictments of 
our racial situation and of our international relations that we have 
heard, why should you and I attempt to carry the gospel to other 
countries? Have we any surplus of religion to export? Dare we 
have the temerity to go with the Christian gospel to other countries 
when our own hands are so tainted and when our civilization is so 
corrupt? Ought we not to wait until North America is more nearly 
perfect? Ought we not to postpone foreign missions until our con- 
tracts with so-called non-Christian peoples are more nearly Christian? 

As a possible aid to the answer which each of you will be striving 
to give to these pertinent and natural questions, may I attempt to 
summarize a few of the ideas that have come from the addresses on. 
this platform, not in any attempt at a complete statement, but rather 
by way of suggestion, so that as each of us attempts to gather to- 
gether the thoughts of the past few days in this hall, in the discussion 
groups and in the forums, we may have two or three principles to 
guide us. ° 

In the first place, may I suggest to you that we have no right 
to keep Christ to ourselves. Suppose that the Christians of the 
fourth and fifth centuries had said, “We will wait until the Roman 
Empire is Christian before we carry the gospel to these barbarians of 
Northern Europe. We ought to make our own empire so Christian 
that when it comes in contact with them they will become Christians 
through its example.” Had the Graeco-Romans waited until the 

402 


WHY FOREIGN MISSIONS? 403 


Roman Empire was really Christian, you and I would still be pagan; 
this audience would not be together in this room tonight, and there 
would be no Robert Speer nor Robert Wilder nor John R. Mott. 
There would have been no St. Francis of Assisi, no Martin Luther, 
no Wickliff, no John Wesley, no Dwight L. Moody. Have we the 
right to keep to ourselves the knowledge of Christ which was trans- 
mitted to us and which has been the most wholesome element in our 
strangely inconsistent civilization, the one force that has done most 
to keep our culture from utter corruption? Have we the right to 
keep that knowledge from other peoples? 

In the second place, the problems we have been considering are 
world-wide and need a world-wide cure. We were reminded not 
long since that labor conditions in Shanghai affected labor here and 
that labor conditions in North America could not become fully Chris- 
tian until at the same time factories in Osaka and Shanghai and 
Calcutta are more nearly Christian. All the forces that you and I 
have been talking about—-industrialism, race strife, international rela- 
tions—are world-wide in their scope and need a world-wide applica- 
tion of our Christian faith. What we need is Christian churches 
in various countries, churches in Japan, in China, in India, in Africa 
and in Europe, to cooperate with Christian churches in this country 
in solving these problems. It is the duty and the privilege of churches 
that are stronger in numbers and in wealth, as are ours in North 
America, to help in the growth of the churches that are numerically 
weaker, as in such lands as China and Japan and India. 

In the third place, may I suggest to you that we need missions 
because of the impact of Western peoples upon non-Western peoples. 
One of the outstanding features of the last 150 years (I might almost 
have said the outstanding feature) has been the expansion of Euro- 
pean peoples. A century and a half ago European peoples were not 
relatively very important in the world. They occupied the West- 
ern part of Europe, a fringe of the Atlantic seaboard in North 
America and sections of Central and South America, but there were 
Asiatic empires that were far more populous. Today European cul- 
ture is dominant the world over ; even those nations that are not being 
ruled by Europeans and Americans are adopting and adapting Euro- 
pean culture. 

Now that impact of European peoples upon non-European 
peoples is primarily commercial and political, Commerce and poli- 
tics have been predominantly selfish, and as non-European peoples 
have seen these, they have been the least lovely features of Western 
civilization. Under the impact of selfish commerce and imperialism, 


404 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


moreover, Eastern civilizations have disintegrated and new civiliza- 
tions are forming. Are Asiatic and African peoples to have only 
the impact with Western materialism and selfishness to aid them in 
the formation of new culture? 

I must pause just here to interject a rather lengthy but very 
pertinent parenthesis. A great many in this room will never see the 
mission field. Many of you are going into business and others of 
you into diplomacy. May I suggest that if you do go into these 
occupations, the obligation to make our foreign impacts Christian 
rests upon you as much as it does upon the missionary? . The obli- 
gation is yours to see that our diplomacy and our business in their 
contacts with European peoples through our banks and our various 
great commercial companies are predominantly Christian. That will 
prove even more difficult than going as a missionary. It is a chal- 
lenge that is rather new to some of us but a challenge which many 
of us must heed. 

Now may I go on to suggest that this impact of Western civiliza- 
tion on non-European peoples demands that we take to the latter those 
elements of our own civilization that are the leaven that prevents it 
from becoming corrupt. The hope of our own culture, sordid and 
pernicious as much of it is, rests upon the ideals and the dynamic that 
are in Jesus Christ. Do we not owe it to these peoples to whom we 
have gone commercially and politically, to carry as well the knowledge 
of that Christ without whom our civilization would be worse than 
it is today? 

These, then, are the three reasons that I would suggest to you 
why we must support and enlarge our missionary enterprise. 

Now may I raise one other question? In what spirit are we 
going as missionaries and are we to help send missionaries? I re- 
member not long since talking to an undergraduate, not from the 
South, about the colored problem. Said he: “Do you suppose I 
would sit down at a table with a nigger? I am perfectly willing to 
do something for him, but I don’t want him to associate with me as 
an equal.” Is that the spirit in which we are to carry on missions 
in China and India, or, in the words of Dr. Fleming, are we to do 
it in the spirit of “building with India’? It may surprise some of 
us who do not know the mission field intimately to learn that some- 
times there is a danger of missionary imperialism, of establishing in 
other countries alien churches and continuing to dominate them with 
Americans and Europeans. 

I remember some years ago talking with the wife of a missionary 
in China about the question of whether there should be appointed a 


WHY FOREIGN MISSIONS? 405 


Chinese Bishop, and she said with some heat: “Do you suppose I 
would permit my husband to serve under a Chinese Bishop?” 

Not long since I had a letter from a student volunteer only 
recently sailed telling about her first impressions of China. This 
student volunteer had come to look at things in a somewhat different 
light from the woman I have mentioned and said that one of the 
things that most grieved her was the attitude that some of her fellow 
missionaries were taking toward the Chinese, the attitude of con- 
tempt, of amusement and scorn, the attitude of doing something for 
them but not with them. 

Since I came to this convention there has been shown me a 
letter which I must not take time to read, but which states that some 
of the younger American missionaries in India are making fun of 
some of their older colleagues, who propose to turn over the church 
to the natives as rapidly as possible, and are saying that the churches 
who supply the funds must continue to control them. Are we going 
out in that spirit? 

Rather had we better go out in the spirit of one who has been 
in our midst during this convention, who two decades or so ago went 
out and gave his life to a great so-called non-Christian country to 
help build a nation-wide organization for the welfare of boys and 
young men, trained as his successor a native of that country and 
then when himself in the prime of life with his best years ahead of 
him, turned over the organization to this man and began afresh in 
another organization, decreasing that the other might increase. 
Rather, too, might we copy the example of an aged missionary who 
has been’ in this convention, going humbly in and out among us as 
he has gone among his people, who for years worked in one non- 
Christian land quietly, always putting the people of that country 
first, always whenever possible taking the back seat, leading, yes, but 
by putting the other man foremost, by serving in the Christ-like way. 

That is our opportunity, then, as missionaries, to go out to build 
with these people, to build under them. Would you and I dare to 
try to direct such men as Dr. Cheng Ching-Yi or Mr. Hatanaka or 
those two who have just spoken to us tonight? Rather should we 
go out at their invitation and work under them. The time may 
come when the churches of these lands will tell us how many mis- 
sionaries they wish sent to them, of what kind and when; the time 
may come when they will say how much money they would like ‘to 
have to help them expand their work until their churches shall be 
relatively as strong as ours and when we will turn over both men and 


406 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


funds to their direction. Indeed some of those in this hall may live - 
to see that day. 

That, then, is the privilege that we have as missionaries, to go 
out to build, to go out to carry a knowledge of Christ to other peoples, 
to assist in the building of churches in lands where they are now 
weak that they may help deal with the world-wide problems that con- 
cern us all and help constructively in the reorganization of civilization 
that our Western commerce and imperialism have shattered, and it 
is our privilege to do so, not in the spirit of masters, but of Him who 
left it as a solemn injunction to His disciples that “He that would be 
greatest among you shall be servant of all.” 


WHY I PURPOSE, GOD PERMITTING, TO BECOME A 
FOREIGN MISSIONARY 


James G. Enpicort 


University of Toronto 


Fellow students, I want to tell you in a somewhat inadequate way 
—1I do not want to be inadequate, but I can’t help it—why I want to 
go to China. 

In the first place, I want to go to China because I was born in 
China and I love the Chinese people. I know what need exists there. 
I have been challenged by that need. Furthermore, I have come to 
know Jesus and I have come to believe with the utmost conviction, 
that if I let Jesus work through my life and I go to China, He can 
meet that need in part through me, and He is the only one that I 
know of who can meet that need. This is why I want to go to 
China. It is because I have discovered that obedience to Jesus gives 
a man power to live a life that is brim full of reality and purpose 
and hope, and that the power of Jesus Christ is just as great today 
as it ever was to give you triumph over the power of evil that I be- 
lieve I can be of some service in China. 

We have been told during the five days of this Convention by 
representatives from almost every race in the world that what each 
country needs is Jesus Christ. These men spoke as though they 
knew what they were talking about, didn’t they? I am sure you felt 
with me that you wanted to measure up your life with that challenge, 
and see if you had the knowledge and experience of the Christ that 
they want. j 


WHY I PURPOSE TO BE A MISSIONARY 407 


Now, I don’t know whether or not it will be of any help to you 
tonight, but I want to tell you quite frankly how I came in the midst 
of modern life to feel that I had hold of that Christ, who can meet 
the needs that I know exist in China. 

We have been told by Mr. Eddy and by Dr. Judd in his opening 
remarks, that we live in an age of questioning, scientific investigation 
and intellectual unrest. Nobody knows better than I do how true 
that is. I don’t believe there is anybody in this audience who is more 
hopelessly critical than I am. When I went to college, after I had 
returned from the war, determined to find out the truth about human 
life and to get hold of some kind of reality that would give my life 
purpose and power, I could not see how any modern student could 
refuse openly, frankly, and honestly to face modern scientific investi- 
gation, or to look at the honest historical researches of hundreds and 
thousands of deep Christian thinkers with an open mind. 

I say I did not see how any student could refuse to do that, and 
keep his love of truth strong and his mind in a state where God could 
speak to him out of the truths that are in Jesus Christ. 

And so I went through that whole rigmarole; I am in it yet; 
I don’t say that I have solved all the problems, but I went through 
that whole rigmarole of questions and unrest and scientific and his- 
torical criticism. 

One of your great preachers in this country, a great unordained 
preacher, Mr. William Jennings Bryan, has suggested that it is more 
important to know the “Rock of Ages” than it is the ages of rocks. 
I heartily endorse that sentiment, but not if it means that there is 
anything pious or religious or decently honest in this modern world 
in being ignorant of the ages of rocks. I offer it to you as my humble 
and honest, truthful experience that it is possible for a man to go 
through modern university life fearlessly and, if he keeps his mind 
open to the truth, to come inevitably to a realization of Jesus who 
can do all those things I have mentioned, who can give His life that 
power, who can lead him to God. He will find, before he knows it, 
if he is really humble and searching for reality, that the truth will 
come to him perhaps in a new way, just as Jesus appeared to His 
disciples in many new forms after His resurrection; the truth will 
come to him in a new way, that old truth of John, that “the Word 
became flesh and dwelt among us, and we beheld His glory, glory as 
of the only-begotten from the Father, full of grace and truth.” 
This is my firm conviction and this is why I want to go out and help 
to meet the need that I feel exists in China. 

I wish that in a great gathering like this we could come to this 


408 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


experience in spite of all the differences that separate us. I wish we > 
could sing, 


“When I survey the wondrous cross, 
On which the prince of glory died, 
My richest gain I count but loss 
And pour contempt on all my. pride.” 


“Were the whole realm of nature mine 
That were a present far too small, 
Love so amazing, so divine, 
Demands my life, my soul, my all.” 


I wish we could get that old-fashioned power into our new- 
fashioned religion, and I am sure we can, if we go about it honestly 
and fearlessly and sincerely. 

If there is one idea that I am afraid some people will carry away 
from this Convention, because the nature of this Convention makes 
it necessary that we do emphasize the foreign missionary section of 
the Kingdom of God, it is this: that there is something particularly 
super-righteous or super-romantic or super-Christian about being a 
missionary. 

If there is any idea I would be afraid this Convention might get 
it is that idea. I would not have a man feel that way for anything. 
I would not have my fellow students here, who faced that challenge 
from the student of Yale University this morning, feel that there is 
anything super-righteous about being a missionary. 

As a matter of plain, honest fact, the man who is going to take 
up that challenge and go down into Wall Street and be a Christian 
down there is going to have a far more difficult job than I am going 
to have in China—because he is going to lose his job and I am not. 

The man who is going to go and face modern conditions, to be 
an enthusiastic teacher, to strive against the materialism that our 
movie shows and our automobiles quietly but steadily instill into the 
young people of this land, and to keep enthusiastic in that job in the 
name of the Kingdom of God, is going to have a more difficult task 
than I am going to have out there in western China, facing things that 
are far more simple, and meeting the needs of the common people. 

In spite of the fact that I am here to emphasize to you that I 
believe mightily in this watchword, and that I am glad that it has 
been my privilege to join up as a foreign missionary ; because of my 
experience, I would not for the world have anybody think that there 
is anything particular about that. Let us get rid of that good old 
Scotch spirit that believes it is a good thing to have one member of 


WHY I PURPOSE TO BE A MISSIONARY 409 


the family in the ministry, let us demand that all our Christian 
students shall be in the fellowship of the Kingdom of God, no matter 
where they are. 

When I go to China I want to feel that I have mighty bonds of 
fellowship with the man who is struggling here at home in industry. 
I want him to feel that we are doing the same thing; each one in his 
own humble way, no one getting more glory than the other. 

There is a sentence of Herbert Gray’s that rings in my ears. 
It is this: “If Christ can get a sufficient number of students to accept 
the program of the Kingdom of God, and if through that they come 
into contact with God, there isn’t anything on earth that He can’t do.” 

If we can accept the challenges that we have here, we can evan- 
gelize the world in this generation without necessarily interfering one 
little bit with the duties that lie upon those who are not going to the 
foreign field, but who are carrying on in the realms of economics, 
industrial relations and international problems. 

Therefore, although we do rejoice that we have a particular task 
to perform in the Kingdom of God, namely, the evangelization of 
those parts of the world that have not yet the gospel, let us by all 
means feel that we are linked together in one common fellowship 
in the Kingdom of God. 


WHY I PURPOSE, GOD PERMITTING, TO BECOME A 
FOREIGN MISSIONARY 


Miss Mary J. BAKER 


University of Nebraska and Traveling Secretary of the Student Volunteer 
Movement 


There are two things that have influenced my thinking more 
than almost anything else. One is an incident told at the Des Moines 
convention about Dr. Macklin, a medical missionary to China. ‘Two 
coolies walking along a road saw Dr. Macklin in the distance. One 
of them turned to the other and asked who he was. With a look 
of surprise the second one answered, “Don’t you know who he is? 
That man is Jesus Christ.” 

It sounds strange, yet I wonder if down in the heart of that 
story isn’t a truth which every one of us should take from this con- 
vention when we go. I wonder if many of the students on our 
campuses do know Jesus Christ except as they see Him in your life 


410 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


and mine. The realization of this is one of the most humbling ex- 
periences that I have ever known. 

The other is even more humbling than that. It is a few words 
in the last prayer of Christ in which He says, “As Thou hast sent 
me into the world, so have I sent them into the world.” 

I think of the fact that Christ left no written orders, no written 
law, no book, absolutely nothing except a few friends to carry on 
His message of love to the other people; and I realize that tonight 
His prayer for us is just the same as for these other friends, “As 
Thou hast sent me into the world, so have I sent them.” | 

I wonder if we realize that God does have a plan for each one 
of us—as He had for Christ; a work as significant and as demand- 
ing of our best as God and you or I can make it. But how can we 
know what that plan is? Can it be any less than that we should 
face up to the needs and opportunities, not only of our own com- 
munity, our own state, our own nation, but to honestly consider the 
needs of the whole world, the extent to which they are being met, 
and our own potential abilities to meet them. It was to help us do 
that that this convention was planned. Men and women have come 
to us from all parts of the world. They have come that in these 
five days we might get a picture of that part of the world and its 
problems which—privileged as we are—we seldom have an oppor- 
tunity to see. It is a picture which we must have before we even 
begin to answer intelligently the question, “Where and what is the 
mission which God has planned for me?” 

It is hard to choose. As for myself, I believe that it is God’s 
will for me to go to the foreign field. I have decided that for sev- 
eral reasons. One is because I could give my life to no less a pro- 
gram than that every one in the world may have an opportunity to 
become the kind of person that God wants them to be. There are 
places in the world where people don’t have that opportunity. Some 
of these places are so situated that it would be absolutely impossible 
for any but a very few to take them the opportunity. It is prac- 
tically limited to those of us who have college training and good 
health, and who are without home responsibilities which would make 
it imperative to remain in this country. I am one of those few. 

And I want to go to the foreign field because I am a girl. The 
girls of most foreign countries haven’t had the chance I have had 
nor the opportunities which Christ meant them to have and which I 
may be able to help them find. I believe in missions, not that other 
peoples may become Americanized, nor that they may know western 


WHY I PURPOSE TO BE A MISSIONARY 4II 


civilization, but that they may have an opportuntiy to develop the 
possibilities which God has given to them. 

And I want to go to the foreign field for another reason. It 
is because I am firmly convinced that foreign peoples are making 
as great a contribution to America’s realization of Christianity as 
we are making to them. It is a matter of cooperation. I hope 
that when the time comes that missionaries are not actually needed, 
there may still be an interchange of Christian workers from one 
country to the other. 

There is another reason why I want to be a foreign missionary. 
Not long ago I was talking to my Board secretary about an appoint- 
ment. She named more than fifteen different places of various kinds 
of work which needed to be filled immediately. They represented 
five different countries. When I saw those fifteen places and heard 
her say—because I was the only one available—“‘You can have your 
choice,” I wished that I were not just one person, I wished that I 
were fifteen or twenty. And then I thought of other students of 
America who are just as well qualified as I am and I knew that 
God has not planned for more work to be done than he has provided 
workers to do it. I know that the students of America are going 
to answer those needs. 

But it is. more than a matter of finding enough students to fill 
these specific needs in foreign countries. It is that every one of us 
as Christian students may choose our life work—whatever it may 
be—in the light of the needs of other countries as well as our own. 
I wonder if we cannot do that best by catching a new vision of the 
Christ—He Who chose His work because of the need of all man- 
kind. May we not carry with us a picture of Him—not one which 
the artists have drawn, not a picture of a weak Christ, but of a face 
bowed down in prayer as He prayed that God might show Him His 
mission? May we see His face set toward Jerusalem, though He 
knew that He would meet His death there, a face set toward the 
task which God had given Him to do, trusting only that He knew 
best and would help Him pay the price—whatever it might be. 

I pray tonight that we as American students may carry with us 
that face of Christ. I pray that we, too, may bow our heads in 
prayer to know God’s will for us, that we, too, may set our faces 
toward that task, whatever, wherever it may be. 

O God, we ask Thee for just one thing tonight. Give us a 
vision of that person that Thou wouldst have us be. Give us a vision 
of that mission that Thou didst send us into the world to perform. 
Amen! 


WHAT JESUS CHRIST AND THIS CONVENTION OUGHT 
TO MEAN ON OUR CAMPUSES 


ARTHUR RUGH 


Bible Study Secretary for the National Y.M.C.A. Committee in China 


“And on the last day, that great day of the feast, Jesus stood 
and cried, saying, ‘If any man thirst, let him come to me and drink. 
He that believeth on me, out of his life shall flow rivers of living 
water.’ ” 

I think we have here the formula we need to take home with 
us, and by which we can work out the tasks that have been set for 
us here. 

In a few minutes this convention will close. We will say “good 
night” ; we will pass out of the door and not return; and then baggage 
and tickets and trains, the weariness of travel and the dear old campus 
again. How good it will be to be there. Only it is different now. 
It seems to me when I hear all these students sing, that I could do 
almost anything—but we shall not hear them sing like this on the 
campus. I look into your 6,000 faces, all loving Christ, and I have 
faith that we can win the world, but there will not be 6,000 faces like 
these there. The campus is very different from this. 

And then our task will be different from what it was when we 
came here. Christ is so much greater than we knew, and our pro- 
gram is so different. We worked fairly hard last term; we accom- 
plished some things and were fairly well satisfied when we came 
here. Some of us thought that we would save our campus, if we 
would get men to turn away from immorality and believe certain 
things. Then we came here and knew that that was not all, that 
the salvation which Christ is to bring to the whole wide world has 
many more implications than that. 

We have learned here that we cannot be Christians while we 
are spending as much on a dance or on a football game as would 
feed the hungry students of a whole university of Europe for a 
year. Wecan’t be Christians that way any longer. We thought we 
could. We thought that a man could go out of our college into our 
present social order and profit by it and be a Christian, and not try 
to shatter that order, in which America owns 14,000,000 of the 

412 


MY CAMPUS AND JESUS’ WAY 413 


17,000,000 automobiles on earth, one to every eight persons, while 
the rest of the nations average one to every 112; an order in which 
we live on a scale equally high above our neighbors, while the nations 
hunger and Christ is not sure He will win Asia. We thought our 
students could be Christians without facing fearlessly the whole 
world’s need and investing their lives accordingly. Now we know 
they cannot be. 

We thought we could call men Christians if they just prayed 
for everybody, and sort of loved everybody, and then last night a 
brilliant, magnificent Christian professor of sociology was turned out 
of an American hotel in Indianapolis because his skin was black. We 
know now that we have got to go back and start processes until that 
sort of thing will never be again. We have got to start processes for 
all of these things. It is a much larger task than we knew. 

They sent us up here,—and how glad we were and what a good 
time we have had,—but now we turn back to carry home to our 
campus a salvation infinitely greater than we ever dreamed of, and 
we almost wish now that they had not sent us; for the only new 
factor in the task of winning that old campus for Christ is the pos- 
sibility of a changed life in us; that we go out of the door tonight 
different than we were when we came in, supremely different. 

The old: campus is just as it always has been. All the other 
students went home for vacation and have come back again. They 
haven’t had this vision. And Christ is the same as He was last 
semester, not a bit stronger; no resources there that were not there 
last semester. The tourist went into the great art gallery and stood 
in front of the masterpiece and said carelessly to the attendant, “I 
don’t see that that is a very great painting,’ and the attendant said, 
“My friend, it is not the masterpiece that is being judged any more; 
it is the spectator.” .- 

There is no question any more about Christ. What He can do 
—that is all right; He could have done it last term and He can do 
it this term, but He cannot do it unless you and I are different. The 
measure of anything new that is to be done on the campus as you 
go back now, is the measure of whether your life is different from 
what it was when you came here, supremely different. 

There sweeps over us all, I am sure, an overwhelming sense of 
our inadequacy and a united cry to God, “Give me power now,”— 
not just enough to do better work than I did last term,—“Give me 
strength now to carry this idea of Christ and His salvation to the 
campus and win. It can be done. We are not proposing an im- 
possible thing. Down from every conference has gone, sometimes 


414 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


a group, sometimes only one, that has turned the college upside 
down. You can do it, you alone can do it, but you must cry for 
power. 

What is Christ’s answer to our cry? “If any man thirst’— 
that is the word; that is the only one that will do. It must be as 
intense as that. You can hunger for a month and still live on, but 
men die of thirst in three days. Is that the way you feel about it? 
Do you feel tonight like David felt when he said, “Oh, give me water 
to drink from the springs at the gate or I die.” Do you feel that 
way about it? Then I know a school that is going to be shaken 
to its foundations. It is your school, even if you stand alone. 

“Tf any man thirst, let him come to me and drink.” What shall 
you do if you thirst? Come and drink. How shall one drink? “He 
that believeth on me,” that is the way you drink. . 

But you say—well, I have always believed in Jesus and yet see 
how I failed last term? So that does not seem to work out. Ah, 
but belief here means more than an intellectual acceptance of the 
claims of Christ. You Bible students know that He often used in- 
terchangeably with the word “believe,” the words “to follow,” “‘to 
hear,” “to accept,” “to love” and “to obey.” I think if you combine 
these synonymous terms into one idea, you will find that Jesus meant 
to say, “If any man will yield gladly to me his whole personality, 
from within him shall flow rivers of living water.” . 

Some far-seeing poet has said, “How beautiful it is to meet a 
man who has fallen in love with Christ.” I wish that were the 
definition of every Christian, for that is what this means. “He that 
hath fallen in love with me, out of his life shall flow rivers of living 
water.” 

So here is the formula of Jesus: first, thirst, then “Believe in 
me by falling in love with me.” Then what will happen? Well, you’ 
won't have any thirst any more. Is that what He said? Out of 
your life shall flow rivers that will submerge the old campus until 
you can’t see it—“rivers of living water.” That means they can 
propagate themselves—these rivers that shall flow from your life. 
You can’t win that old campus, you are not expected to, but you are 
expected to go back and, falling in love with Christ, let there flow 
out of your life a river of living water, out of which will flow other 
rivers of living water until there sweeps over the campus a whole 
system of rivers of living waters. 

You can start that. If you do, what will happen? Two things: 
first, comradeship with Christ which makes all life new. I know 


MY CAMPUS AND JESUS’ WAY " AIS 


no better definition of my religion than that, a conscious comradeship 
with Him. 

You remember the incident in the life of Horace Bushnell, the 
great philosopher of New England during the last century. He and 
his friend were out one day walking together and discussing a per- 
plexing problem for which they could find no answer. Finally, Bush- 
nell said, “Let’s pray about it.’ His friend said afterwards, “We 
stood there under the tree and bowed our heads as Bushnell prayed ; 
and as he prayed I was afraid to reach out my hand, I was afraid 
I would touch God. He was so near and so real to Bushnell.” 

Walk across the campus in a comradeship like that, my friends, 
and there is no power on earth that can stop you. 

Some poet wrote the words that he wanted us to believe were 
the very words of St. John, the beloved disciple. 


“Oh, what holy walks we had, 
Through harvest fields, and desolate, dreary wastes! 
And oftentimes He leaned upon my arm, 
Wearied and way-worn. I was young and strong, 
And so upbore Him. Lord, now I am weak, 
And old, and feeble! Let me rest on Thee! 
So, put Thine arm around me. Closer still! 
How strong Thou art! 


“What say you, friends? 
That this is Ephesus, and Christ has gone 
Back to His kingdom? Ay, ’tis so, ’tis so, 
I know it all; and yet, just now, I seemed 
To stand once more upon my native hills, 
And touch His garments—bringing back the strength 
To palsied limbs! I feel it has to mine. 
Up! bear me once more to my church! Once more, 
There let me tell them of a Saviour’s love; 
For, by the sweetness of my Master’s voice 
Just now, I think He must be very near— 
Coming, I trust, to break the veil, which time 
Has worn so thin that I can see beyond 
And watch His footsteps.” 


Walk across the campus in a comradeship like that and nothing 
on earth can stop you. 

Second, there will come into your life, if you are willing to 
surrender yourselves to Christ—I know you are afraid of that word 
“surrender.” Let’s change it. “If you are. willing to fall in love 
with Christ’”—that is, if you are willing that Christ’s purpose for 
the world be the only purpose for your life, that Christ’s program 


416 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


for the world be the only program for your life. That is all. If 
you are willing to do that tonight, and I know you are, then there 
will come into your life the surging energies of God. 

One day in Shanghai going home to lunch, crossing the old 
Soochow bridge, I saw five Chinese boatmen trying to launch a 
heavy row boat. It was too heavy; they couldn’t do it. Then I 
went home to lunch and came back and I saw the same men going 
down the river, one in front guiding and one in the rear guiding, 
that was all. What had happened? Had they hired some men to 
help them? Not at all. They had waited until the tide came in and 
they were going in the direction of the tide. They wanted to go that 
way and nothing could stop them. 

And so ever and anon there sweeps into Hangchow River that 
tidal wave that nobody ever yet has been able to stop or turn aside. 
If you want to go against it, there is no possible way, but if you want 
to go with it there is nothing to do but to throw yourself back against 
it and be swept on forever as far as it reaches. That is all there 
is to it. 

Do you want to go the way God wants you to go? There is 
nothing on earth can stop you. I don’t believe you are satisfied with 
that illustration; you don’t like to be passive and just swept on. That 
is the truth—that you can be swept on—but there is more than 
that in it. 

We have had the football illustration twice; it will do sae 
We are inside the ten yard line and there are eight yards to go and 
it is the fourth down, and they have called your signal. You don’t 
want to have the team carry you on, you want to duck your head 
as low as you can get it, and hit as hard and low as you can hit. You 
want to do it and you will. But if you hit where the team told you 
to hit, there are eleven men going to hit there, too; that is the point: 
If you want to go tonight into the program of Christ, and into the 
purpose of Christ, you have not ten men back of you but the Christ 
who created the heavens and the earth, and nothing can stop you. 

And so, my friends, I know no other way to go forth from a 
conference like this, and to put over on a campus such a salvation 
as we have come to know Christ to bring in; I know no other way 
to go out except hand in hand with Him. I am not talking about 
some sentimental, superficial experience; I am simply talking about 
going out with the determination to carry out His ‘Program and 
His purpose. 

Let us go out uk way, had in hand, back to the old campus. 
But may I say this quickly: if you are going to walk hand in hand 


MY CAMPUS AND JESUS’ WAY 417 


with Him, pledging to follow Him down a long, long trail a-winding, 
until the sun goes down,—if you are going to pledge Him that now 
as we go out these doors, I must tell you this first: that the hand you 
take now is a worn hand. It is worn, calloused by toil in meeting 
the needs of men; and if you are not going back to the campus to 
see to it that the conditions that we have known were wrong are 
going to be changed, and work your life out on it, I think there is 
no comradeship in the grip of Christ’s hand for you. It is a worn 
hand you are taking. 

Second, it is a wounded hand. I think if you hold it tight, you 
will feel the wound in it, and I think if you hold it long, the mark 
of the wound in His hand will be found in yours. 

I cannot promise you as I cannot promise myself that if I take 
His hand and pledge to follow Him through to the end that it will 
always be easy. 

He walked one day along a city street, carrying a cross to a 
green hill outside a city wall. You cannot know but that He will 
call you to go there with Him. But He who carried a cross along 
a city street to a green hill outside the city wall, walked also one 
morning out of the open tomb, and walks today triumphant through 
the wills and lives of men in every land on earth. 

Last of all, the hand that you take tonight is a bigger hand than 
yours. You will not be back on the campus long until you will be 
perplexed and say, “I don’t know which way to go next, I don’t 
know what to do,” and then in the mist you will feel a great hand 
engulf yours, and in perfect confidence you will follow unafraid. 
You will not be back on the old campus long until you will say, “I 
thought that night in Indianapolis that I could do it, but I can’t.” 
Then you will say, O God, give me more power than I had that 
last night.” Then you will feel the grip of the hand that created 
the heavens and the earth and you will go on, irresistible. 

Good-night and good-bye, my friends. Go back home to the old 
campus, children of the living God. Christ awaits you there. He 
knows you are coming. He knows the weakness of your life and its 
strength. He was ready last term to win the campus through you, 
but you weren’t ready. Now you are. Go back, and hand in hand 
with Him go across the campus. Silently and quietly through you 
He will steal into the lives of other students and out from their lives 
will flow rivers of living water that will flood the old campus and 
redeem it and redeem the whole wide world. Here tonight we may 
start streams of living water that will flow to the ends of the earth, 
until the last man falls in love with our lovely Christ. 


CLOSING DEVOTIONAL PERIOD 


THE Rev. G. A. StuppERT KENNEDY 


Rector of St. Edmund’s Church, Lombard, London 


I just want you to sit quite still, and do what I am going to do 
myself,—just see pictures. All that we have been thinking about 
tonight is not our business in the end, and you will fail if you make 
it yours; it has got to be His, and I just want you to see Him. I 
have done this many a night before I have gone to bed, and have 
been better for it. It is quite ordinary to me and I would like it to 
be ordinary to you. Just sit still and shut your eyes and see pictures. 


The fairest of God’s pictures, that silvery, sleepy town, 

The moonlit snow upon it, and the still stars shining down, 
The holy maiden mother, the child upon her breast, 

The rose born of the lily, true love’s own loveliest. 


“Unto us a son is born, unto us a child is given, and His name shall be 
called Wonderful, Counsellor, the Mighty God, the Everlasting 
Father, and the Prince of Peace,” who for us men and for our salva- 
tion was incarnate of the Holy Ghost and born of the Virgin Mary 
because of love on Christmas night. I thank my God. 

I want you to see a man sitting alone in the wilderness, his 
hands are clasped and his head is bowed in tremendous concentrated 
thought. It is the Savior planning the redemption of the world; the 
problem of the people’s bread, the problem of the people’s hearts, 
the problem of the people’s rulers, and still He pleads with God for 
help. Alone in the wilderness, and yet not alone, because the Father 
was with Him. 

You will sit like that and you will see Him alone, but you won’t 
be alone because the Father is with you. Christ’s plan still runs and 
His triumph is to be. 

Another picture. Ever and always I can see set up above this 
world of ours a huge and towering cross, with great arms stretched 
out East and West from the rising to the setting sun, and on that 

418 


CLOSING DEVOTIONAL PERIOD 419 


cross my God still hangs and calls on all brave men to come out and 
share His sorrow and help to save the world. 


Rings o’er the earth the message of the morning, 
Kissed by His pain, the storm clouds roll apart; 
Red with His blood, a better day is dawning, 
Still on the cross the Savior bares His heart. 


Passionate and low the voice of God is pleading, 
Pleading with men to arm them for the fight. 
See how those hands majestically bleeding, 
Call us to rout the armies of the night. 


Bread of Thy body give me for my fighting, 
Give me to drink Thy sacred blood for wine, 

While there are wrongs that need me for the righting, 
While there is warfare, splendid and divine. 


Give me for light the sunshine of Thy sorrow, 
Give me for shelter the shadow of Thy cross, 
Give me to share the glory of tomorrow, 
And gone from my heart is the bitterness of loss. 


One last picture. He is standing on the little hill and His hands 
are outstretched to bless, and He is going up and up and up in 
triumph. The victory is won. Death is vanquished and Christ is 
now Lord of all, and it is in His name and in His power that we go 
out. “Glory and honor and majesty and power and thanksgiving 
be unto Him that was, and is, and is to be.” “Behold, I am alive 
forever more, and hold the keys of death and hell.” “Lo, I am with 
you alway, even unto the end of the world.” ‘“Wheresoever two 
or three are gathered together in My name there am I in the midst 
of them.” “Let not your heart be troubled, neither let it be afraid. 
Ye believe in God, believe also in Me.” “Peace I leave with you, 
my peace I give unto you; not as the world giveth, give I unto you. 
Let not your heart be troubled, neither let it be afraid.” 


O Christ the baby, Christ the Savior, Christ who died and 
Christ who rose again, Christ who ascended and suffered and reigns 
in glory, be with us, and go forth with us to our work and keep us 
ever in the silence of our hearts close to Thee. 

And so into God’s gracious keeping we commit you. May the 
Lord bless you and keep you. May the Lord make His face to shine 
on you and be gracious unto you. May the Lord lift up the light 


420 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


of His countenance upon you and give you peace; in your going 
out and in your coming in, in your lying down and in your rising up, 
in your labor and your leisure, in your laughter and your tears, until 
you come to stand before Him in the day to which there is no sunset 
and no dawn. Amen. 


APPENDICES 


THE STUDENT VOLUNTEER MOVEMENT 
FOR FOREIGN MISSIONS 


EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE 


TOSEP TE SCN ROBBING ta epee <i ok Sewae wer tras} Chairman 
WILCTA MO LO AYCORM Em poate wag day Mien) Wage Chairman 
KENNETH S. LATOURETTE . Vice-Chairman 
James M. SpEERs . Treasurer 


J. Lowr1rE ANDERSON 
LrEsLIE BLANCHARD 
GEORGE W. CARPENTER 
Littian O. EARNEST 


Epwarp T. PErry 
Davin R. Porter 
Heten Proctor 

Mrs. Cuas. K. Roys 


Hucu H. SAuNDERSON 
Mrs. Percy D. SNIPEs 
Ropert E. SPEER 


Mrs. JosEPHINE P. Ho_tMEs 

Witrrepd E. Jones 

Watter H. Jupp 

Emma B. Luebers Mrs. H. R. STEELE 

Mary E. McDanie. FENNELL P. TURNER 

JouHn R. Mort ADRIANNA VAN LopiIk 

J. Lovett Murray ALFRED E, WILLETT 
Hue J. WiiiaMs 


SECRETARIES 


Ropert P. WixDer . 
Tuomas S. SHARP . 
Mitton T. STAUFFER 
Heten Bonp CRANE . 
Burton St. JoHn 
VERNON HALLIDAY . 
STANHOPE R. PIER 
HucH MacMiILian 


General Secretary 

Executive Secretary 

eeu 6 edttcational secretary, 

Cie dew wa ee We aCatonal, secretary: 
Candidate Secretary 

Candidate Secretary 

Business Secretary 

Secretary for Canada 


TRAVELLING SECRETARIES 


Mary J. BAKER LEONARD S, COTTRELL 
WitiiaM M. Breau Pau W. Harrison 
Jos—EpH M. ConNALLY BEATRICE C, SEGSWORTH 
GAITHER P. WARFIELD 
421 


ORGANIZATION FOR CONVENTION 
COMMITTEE ON CONVENTION ARRANGEMENTS 


KennetH S. Latourette, Chairman J. Lovett Murray 


HELEN Bonp Crane, Secretary ANNA NICHOLSON 

J. E. Kweevir AGGREY Davin E. OwEN 

Roy H. Axacti Davin R. Porter 
LeEsLigE BLANCHARD JosEpH C. RopBins 
Marcaret E. Burton Mrs. Cartes K. Roys 
GerorGE W. CARPENTER BEATRICE C. SEGSWORTH 
ETHEL CAUTION Hersert M. SEIN 
Joun L. Cuitps Tuomas S. SHARP 
ANNE CocHRAN Mrs. FRANK SLACK 
James Enpicott RosBert E. SPEER 

Ga_LeN M. FISHER WituiaM E. Taytor 
DANIEL J. FLEMING S. J. THEODORE 

Joun B. FREESTONE PY eles Uy 

Gerorce E. Haynes FENNELL P. TURNER 
LyMaANn Hoover Rospert P. WILDER 
Mary E. McDAnrte. MARGARET WYER 

Joun R. Morr WINNIFRED WYGAL 


The Committee on Convention Arrangements, composed of representatives 
of the various groups interested in the holding of the Convention, was charged 
by the Executive Committee of the Student Volunteer Movement with the 
formation of the program and of arrangements for carrying it out. 


ADMINISTRATIVE COMMITTEE 


ROBERT AP, Wipers 6S oo) Pee ete Sc Pn 
Tuomas S. SHARP. . . . . . . Secretary at New York 
THorNToN B. PENFIELD. . . . . Secretary at Indianapolis 


COMMITTEE ON PRE-CONVENTION EDUCATION 


Mitton T. Staurrer, Chairman Mary McDanie. 

GerorGE W. CARPENTER Mrs. Mary C. McKErroii 
HELEN Bonp CRANE Francis MILLER 

JULIETTE DERRICOTTE J. Lovett Murray 

James Enpicort * Eric NortH 

Danie. J. FLEMING BEATRICE C, SEGSWORTH 
GALEN M. FISHER Mrs. H. R. STEELE 

Katy Boyp GEORGE REGINALD WHEELER 
KATHERINE GERWICK WINNIFRED WYGAL 


JoHn McCurpy Jessie DopceE WHITE 


ORGANIZATION 423 


DISCUSSION GROUPS 


COMMITTEE ON Discussion GROUPS 


Mitton T. STauFFER, Chairman LyMAN Hoover 
Joun L. Cuiips BEATRICE C. SEGSWORTH 
WINNIFRED WYGAL 


ORGANIZERS OF DISCUSSION GROUPS 


Harrison S. Eviotr Grace Loucks 


Discussion Group LEADERS 


KaTHARINE ALSTON, Randolph Macon Woman’s College. Group 41 

Mary ANDERSEN, University of Wisconsin. Group 43 

E. E. Ausrey, Miami University. Group 40 

Mrs. E. E. Auprey, University of Chicago, Miami University. Group 1 

Mary J. Baxer, University of Nebraska. Group 27 

Marion J. BEMAN, Mount Holyoke College, Indiana Girls’ School. Group 44 

HELEN Bisuop, University of Michigan. Group 26 

Harry Bone, Washburn College, University of Vermont. Group 28 

Ratea BripGMAN, Harvard University, Union Theological Seminary (New 
York City). Group 2. 

Mauve H. BropHeap, Syracuse University, Drew Theological Seminary, New 
York. Group 45 

E. Fay CAMPBELL, Yale Divinity School. Group 19 

Grorce L. Cotiins, University of California. Group 3 

AGNeEs Cooper, Barnard College. Group 4 

Leonarp S. CoTrre.it, Virginia Polytechnic Institute. Group 30 

LoutsE FLEMING, Columbia University, Winthrop College. Group 31 

Jutta GetHMAN, Northwestern University, University of Colorado, Teachers 
College—Columbia University. Group 5 

A. B. Grece, Colorado College. Group 6 

M. GLtenn Haropinc, University of Chicago. Group 47 

ErpMAN Harats, Princeton University, Union Theological Seminary. Group 16 

Joun Hart, University of Pennsylvania. Group 25 

Ernest Hincarp, University of Illinois. Group 50 

Mary Hux, Mississippi College for Women, Northwestern University. Group 7 

Jean Hoarp, University of Wisconsin. Group 49 

Lyman Hoover, Butler College, Yale Divinity School. Group 18 

Mirprep INskeeEp, Kansas State Agricultural College. Group 8 

E. H. Loucks, Findlay College. Group 38 

Twita Lytton, Ohio Wesleyan University, Teachers College—Columbia Uni- 
versity. Group 24 

Lots MacDonatp, Columbia University, North Carolina College for Women. 
Group 9 

J. B. Matruews, Asbury College, Union Theological Seminary. Group 32 

D. L. Mutten, Butler College. Group 42 

Heten Nicuwor, University of Toronto. Group 15 

TuHorNTON B. PENFIELD, JR., Princeton University, Union Theological Semi- 
nary. Group 22 

SaraH A. Porter, Tufts College, Cedarville College. Group 33 

Mary Ross, Baker University, University of Michigan. Group 10 

H. L. Seamans, Washburn College. Group 17 

Beatrice C. SecswortH, Northwestern University, National Training School, 
Y.W.C.A. Group I! 

Tucker P. Smiru, University of Missouri, New York University. Group 20 

Marian Stowe, University of Michigan. Group 34 

RutH Terry, University of Kansas. Group 46 


424 


CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


W. E. Upuaus, Indiana University, Yale University. Group 23 


Aucusta WAGNER, Wellesley College. 
Dickinson College, 


GaITHER P. WaAnrFIELD, 
Group 37 


Group 12 
Drew Theological Seminary. 


G. W. Watson, University of Wisconsin, Teachers College—Columbia Uni- 


versity. Group 13 


Henry H. WELLES, 3rd, Princeton University, Hill School. 


Group 35 


Pau R. Wuirtener, University of Missouri, Washington University. Group 39 
Lors Witpy, University of Colorado, Kansas State Agricultural College. 


Group 21 


Ernest R. Wizson, Iowa State College, Téachers College—Columbia Uni- 


versity. Group 36 


WINNIFRED WyGAL, Drury College. 


Danie. J. FLeminec, Chairman 


MARGARET BuRTON 
GALEN FISHER 


Rev. A. E. ARMSTRONG 
Mrs. H. R. STEELE 
Dr. A. L. WaRNSHUIS 
Miss H. B. Caper 
Dr. E. M. Dopp 

Dr. Mary McDaAnric. 
Mrs. M. T. STAUFFER 
Pror. Oscar Buck 
Pror. Lucius Porter 
Miss MarGaret BurTON 
Dr. T. H! BP: SAmER 
Pror. E. D. Soper 
Rev. T. S. DoNoHUGH 
Pror. J. C. ARCHER 
Dr. J. L. Murray 
FRANK SLACK 

Miss Sarau S. Lyon 
Dr. D. J. FLEMING 
E. C. Carter 

Miss Ann T. Rein 
GALEN M. FISHER 
Mrs. Cuas. K. Roys 
Dr. RatpH Warp 


Group 14 


FORUMS 


COMMITTEE ON ForuMS 


J. Lovet, Murray 
Davip E. OWEN 
Mrs. Cuas. K. Roys 


LEADERS OF ForUMS 


Rural Evangelistic Work (Men) 

Rural Evangelistic Work (Women) 

City Evangelistic Work (Men) 

City Evangelistic Work (Women) 

Medical Work (Men) 

Medical Work (Women) 

Nursing and Training Nurses 

Elementary Education 

Secondary and Higher Education (Men) 
Secondary and Higher Education (Women) 
Teaching Specific Subjects 

Comprehensive & Comp. Present. of Ed. Work 
Agriculture 

Industrial Training and Enterprise 

Literary Work 

Y.M.C.A. Work 

Y.W.C.A. Work 

Social and Community Service 

Work Involving Business and Tech. Skill (Men) 
Work Involving Business and Tech. Skill (Women 
Government Service 

Opportunities for Married Women 

Home Base 


ORGANIZATION 425 


THE EXHIBIT 


CoMMITTEE ON EXHIBIT 


Mrs. FRANK V. SLACK 
Mitton T. STAUFFER 


Burton St. Jonn, Chairman 
J. Lovett Murray 


CuieF Exuispit WORKER 


ALICE PEABODY 


NATIONAL CONSULTANTS 


Dr. Roy H. Axaai, Japan 
ASADOLLAH BEIyJAN, Persia 
K. P. DAMLAMIAN, Armenia 
JULIETTE DeErRRICOTTE, Negro 
PastorizA Fiores, Ecuador 
Taxkr Fujita, Japan 
MetcHor GuzMAN, Bolivia 
Acuy Iype, India 


HELEN Kim, Korea 

JoserA LLANnEs, Philippine Islands 
GeorcE P. MicHAELIDEsS, Greece 
S. M. Nxomo, Africa 

L. T. Ruiz, Philippine Islands 
HERBERT SEIN, Mexico 

IDYre NEM AB Saes (Climate) 

K. S. Yum, Korea 


ATTENDANCE AND REGISTRATION 


CoMMITTEE ON STUDENT AND FACULTY REPRESENTATION 


Tuomas S. SHarp, Chairman 


Lrstig BLANCHARD 
JoHN L. Cups 
Mary E. McDanien 


HucH MacMirtian 
Davin R. Porter 
Mrs. Cuas. K. Roys 
CHANNING H. Tosias 


FENNELL P. TURNER 


CONVENTION REGISTRAR 


GrorRGE W. CARPENTER 


INDIANAPOLIS COMMITTEE 


AuMus G. RUDDELL . 

Hersert S. KING 

Evans WOooLLEN . ey ae 
Rey. ALLAN B. Puirputt, D.D. 
Mrs. H. R. GoweEns 7 
Mrs. C. H. WINDERS . 


F. B. Ransom Ani fe 
THORNTON B. PENFIELD 
Rex D. Hopper .° 
Coritta G. BropNAx 
Hueu J. Wim1iaMs . 


Chairman 

Chairman Finance Committee 

Treasurer 

Chairman Hospitality Committee 

Chairman Local Church Organizations 

Chairman Entertainment of Foreign Delegates 
and Missionaries 

Chairman Entertainment Negro Delegates 

Executive Secretary 


Associate Secretaries 
Chief of Registration Bureau 


426 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


MEMBERS OF HOSPITALITY COMMITTEE 


Rey. GeorcE W. ALLISON Mrs. CarriE GuIO 

Miss May BELCHER Rev. F. A. Haywarp 

Rey. Lewis Brown, Ph.D. Rey. J. A. Henperson, D.D. 
Rey. F. R. Daries Rey. Greorce F. HENNINGER 
Rev. W. C. DoNALDSON Rev. H. L. Herop, D.D. 

J...) Baers Mrs. N. H. Lone 

Miss Peary B. ForsyTHE Mrs. Witt1AM DupbLeEy PRATT 
A. H. Goparp Mrs. Merte N. A. WALKER 
Rev. T. W. Grarton, D.D. Mrs. A. G. WooDMANSEE 


BUSINESS COMMITTEE 


The Business Committee, which made provision for the execution of the 
Convention program, was in charge of a session left open by the Committee 
on Arrangements, and of all other matters of execution not previously pro- 
vided for. ‘ 


KENNETH Scott Latourette, Chairman 


REPRESENTATIVES OF STUDENT VOLUNTEER COUNCIL 


FirLroMeNA ALway, University of Minnesota 

Mary CLine, Galloway College (Arkansas). 

Marie Francis, Oklahoma City College 

BERNHARD HELLAND, Augsburg Theological Seminary 
Wattace McArez, San Francisco Theological Seminary 
Dan WHITMAN, University of Washington 


REPRESENTATIVES OF Y.W.C.A. STUDENT COUNCIL 


Marion IsELty, Texas Woman’s College 

Jean Lyon, Wellesley College 

EstHER MacDonatp, Teachers College, Columbia University 
EpitH SIMESTER, Ohio Wesleyan University 


REPRESENTATIVES OF Y.M.C.A. STUDENT COUNCIL 


RosweE.u P. Barnes, Lafayette College 
JoHN DittincHAm, Shaw University 
Don ScHooter, University of Oklahoma 
LeRoy Kraus, Hamline University 


STUDENT REPRESENTATIVES, COMMITTEE OF ARRANGEMENTS 


LyMAN Hoover, Butler College and Yale Divinity School 

Mary McDantret, University of Missouri, College of Physicians and Surgeons, 
New York 

Norman A. McKewnzir, Dalhousie University and Harvard University 

MarGarET Wvyenr, Wells College and Wellesley College 


GENERAL REPRESENTATIVES, COMMITTEE OF ARRANGEMENTS 


LEsLigE BLANCHARD 
GALEN FISHER 
Davin R. Porter 
FENNELL P. TuRNER 
Ropert P. WILDER 


ORGANIZATION 427 


OFFICERS OF THE CONVENTION 
CHAIRMAN 


JoserpH C. Rogpsrns 


VicE-CHAIRMEN 


Wa ter H. Jupp, GERTRUDE RUTHERFORD, 
University of Nebraska University of Toronto 


MusIcaL STAFF 


SGEORGER Wi CAMPBELL Rn Etats is ulin obee eee sul Precentor 
NVANINTPRED AVEDA MGuE di ea te oe tment tn mu We) SPianist 
MES NVVILL FAMED DUPE TE enc eA An Coe atk! oh) Oreanist 
Ay COOVVELETA MS (2 I tebyie mee heli tig lll siete Ve wk gues) P oo) GOFNETISE 


THE QUARTET 


GERHARD L. STUBKJAER IporE M. STtuBKJAER 
Epwin M. HeccEe REUBEN C. TESLow 


CoMMITTEE ON USHERS 
E. W. HEarneE, Chairman 
Press CoMMITTEE 
A. E. Huncerrorp, Chairman 
CoMMITTEE ON Daity BULLETIN 
_J. Lovett Murray, Chairman E. WarNER LENTz, Secretary 
CoMMITTEE ON PuLrit SUPPLY 
GerorcE IrviNG, Chairman Witt1am M. Beaum, Secretary 


COMMITTEE ON ENTERTAINMENT OF SPEAKERS AND LEADERS 


W. P. McCuttocy, Chairman 


Stage—Picture Screen 





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Current World News, The Lewis Current World News 
Religious Press Illuminated Map General Press 





Exhibit 
Office 


FLOOR PLAN OF THE EXHIBIT 


PE B MOTB ED 


A glance at the floor plan on the opposite page will show that the body 
of the Exhibit is a sort of visual allegory. The approach to the cross which 
stands amid the palms of victory is through the written word. But it is to be 
interpreted by the lives of those who have represented Him in every land. 

Broadly speaking the various courts are in three great realms: the realm 
of Background, of Activity, and of Accomplishment. 

The “Background” is linked to “Activity” by the avenues of Preparation. 

“Activity” of individuals and of organizations finds its fullest expression 
through the Avenue of Cooperation. 

“Accomplishment” which grows out of these expresses itself pre-eminently 
in its indigenous nature and culminates in a developing World Brotherhood. 
This is shown whenever the Spirit of Christ is found in any human activity. 

So far as possible there is a scripture verse—generally a saying of Christ 
—as the keynote of each idea. There also is a panel representing a leader 
whose life personifies the idea. In most cases there are two—one from North 
America and one native of a mission land. This dual plan preserves the 
Christo-centric idea and keeps it with a living practical emphasis. 

The Court of Life presents five North Americans and five nationals of 
other lands. They are: Bishop Crowther of Africa, Preacher; Miss Ilien 
Tang of China, Educator; Pundita Ramabai of India, Philanthropist; Dr. 
Esther Kim Pak of Korea, Physician; Neesima of Japan, Scholar. Along with 
these are Adoniram Judson of Burma, Forerunner; Shelton of Tibet, Pioneer ; 
Mackay of Formosa, Evangelist; Melinda Rankin of Mexico, Social Worker ; 
and Bishop Bashford of China, Statesman. 

At opposite sides of the approach are the complementary courts,—The 
North American Background and Human Values Abroad. A “man of noble 
nature does not forget the roots from which he springs.’”’ Down deep are the 
values of the universal religious instinct, the sense of right and wrong, family 
affection, hospitality, love of the beautiful and other lights which light every 
man. We in North America have the benefits of additional blessings, the out- 
growth of our knowledge of Christ. Having received these freely, freely let 
us give. 

Flanking these and as a real element in the background are the Youth 
Courts which set forth the protests and the hopes of the young life of our 
day, who would neither dictate nor be dictated to. They are against war, 
autocracy, tradition, against dogmatism, denominationalism and formalism in 
religion. But they seek after the unity of all men, the opportunity to be and 

429 


430 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


to serve. They desire to think not as individualists but as elements in groups, 
groups which can serve Christ and their generation effectively. 

With all this background of nature, inheritance and training there is a 
frank facing of problems both at home and abroad. Thus we would not be 
overcome of evil, but overcome evil with good. The home problems are such 
as: making denominational loyalties subservient to. loyalty to Christ, develop- 
ing an adequately trained Christian leadership, rectifying industrial injustices 
and developing the spirit of racial brotherhood. Those abroad include giving 
the message of Christ to every nation, adequately ministering to unevangelized 
groups, developing a trained indigenous leadership, elevating the place of 
woman, and overcoming the spirit of materialism with the Spirit of Christ. 

Those in the homeland who hear the “Go ye’ and those abroad who 
would carry the message to their “Jerusalem and all Judea” must be trained. 
The training asks “the utmost for the highest” from people who are “spiritu- 
ally alive, doctrinally sane, scholastically thorough, physically normal, socially 
balanced and temperamentally comfortable.” 

The realm of direct approach through preaching and other types of service 
breathes evangelism in all its varied methods—an evangelism which adapts 
itself to time, place, circumstances and opportunity. It includes education 
which makes “for Christian character, health, industry, recreation and service.” 
It embraces all forms of medical, agricultural, industrial, social and literary 
outreach of the message of Christ to individuals and to groups. 

From these courts of the direct message, cooperation in all forms leads 
naturally to the consideration of the native church. It is here that we note 
the progress in the self-propagation of the church, its development in self- 
support, and the emergence of leaders who stand out not only nationally but 
also internationally. 

“A strong native leadership is a normal development of the universal - 
Christian brotherhood.” This is the more evident because each race is bring- 
ing to the Kingdom of God strengthened elements in our Christian thought, as 
for example: India, brings meditation; China, sturdiness; Korea, the power 
of witnessing; Central Africa, cheerfulness; the Moslem world, the immanence 
of God, and North America, aggressiveness. 

It is through the understanding of these facts and a completer develop- 
ment of the Spirit of Christ that we come to World Brotherhood. Its demon- 
strations through organizations, such as the Red Cross, the Pan-American 
Union, the Fellowship of Reconciliation, and the World Student Christian 
Federation as well as through the more direct church agencies are manifold. 
Commerce, industry and governments all may minister to this same end, “serve 
as an antitoxin against the disease of war,” and help to eradicate race hatreds 
which lie back of the war spirit. By these things “shall all men know that ye 
are My disciples.” ' 





“The Christ of the Andes” 


Reticious Instinct 


“Whom you without 
_ knowing Him, revere” 


A kind reception 

_ isbetter thana 
facts 

Telugu Proverb 


Famity AFFECTION 


‘Sons and daughters 
fasten to the 
heart strings- 

- ChineseProverb 


Lets eliminate 
, unbrotherly words 
from our vocabulary 





BIBLE DisTRIBUTION 


Golporteur selling Bibles 
at Railway Station — 


STON INCeme) = 
Nanve Nurses 


"Moved with com 
passion—took care 
of” them’ 


the native chu rh 


increases literacy 


Passion to know about 
Christianity leads even 
old people to learn to 


read. 


Better seeds 
Larger harvest 


Betler homes 





BRINGING FREEDOM 
oF PersoNALA\cTION 


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as 
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4 aq 
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will not keep us 


from service 


A@ontaea callie 
monetary Pacaite nge 


QJour personal 
check is good any 
where in the 

Trey alet 


Ald American Red Cross 
Nurses in foreign Lands 


rs 


Red Cross 
nurses around 


the world 


Men STUDENTS from 
Aproap In CANADA AND 


THE Unurep STATES 


No university in. 

North America has a 
number of men equal to 
the number of men from . 
abroad Now studying 
inthe United States . 
and Canada 





THE EXHIBIT—TEXT OF PANELS 


BIBLE TRANSLATION 


Our Bible—Source 
Picture of Isaiah 
And God spake through the prophets 


Our Bible—Source 

Photostats of two ancient 
scripts 

Ancient manuscripts 


mank- 


Our Bible—Reproduction 

Picture of a monk transcribing a por- 
tion of the Bible 

A Monk transcribing the Bible 


Our Bible—Reproduction 
Picture of Gutenberg Press printing 
its first Bible with movable type 


Our Bible—Translations 

Pages of I Cor. 13th chapter of King 
James version, American Revised 
version, and Twentieth Century ver- 
sion 

Many versions—The'’same “Word” 


Our Bible—Translations 

Picture of natives and missionary 
translating Bible—India 

Natives and missionary translating the 
Bible 


Bible Transportation 

Picture of a shipment of Bibles being 
received in China 

15,387,592 Bibles and portions were 
sent out in 1922 


Bible Transportation 

Picture of coolie carrying loads of 
Bibles in baskets hung from hs 
shoulders 

Even to the most distant nation 


Bible Distribution 

Picture of colporteur selling Bibles in 
India 

Colporteur selling Bibles at Railway 
Station 


Bible Distribution 

Picture of colporteur selling Bibles 
from house to house 

From hand to hand 


Bible Broadcasted 

Names of 772 languages into which the 
Bible or Bible portions have been 
translated 

There is no written language without 
its Bible translation 


Bible Broadcasted 

“And the earth shall be filled with the 
knowledge of the glory of God as 
the waters cover the sea” 


COURT OF LIFE 
(With pictures of each individual) 


The Pioneer 
Shelton of Tibet 


The Educator 
Miss Ilien Tang 


431 


The Social Worker 
Miss Melinda Rankin 


The Preacher 
Bishop Crowther 


432 
The Statesman 
Bishop Bashford 


The Evangelist 
Mackay of Formosa 


The Philanthropist 
Pundita Ramabai 


CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


The Scholar 
Joseph Hardy-Neesima 


The Forerunner 
Adoniram Judson 


The Physician 
Dr. Esther Kim Pak 


HUMAN VALUES 


“The light which lighteth every man” 


Religious Instinct 

Picture of an Indian worshiping be- 
fore a stone god 

“Whom you, without knowing Him, 
revere” 


Recognition of Right and Wrong 

“They exhibit the effect of the Law 
written on their hearts, their con- 
science bears them witness” 


Mysticism 
Picture of Daibutsu 
“Feel the Soul of all the East” 


A Desire for Truth 

“In the morning if we hear the truth 
we are satisfied even if we die in 
the evening’—Korean saying 


Sense of Fairness 

“Excuse others on the same principles 
that you excuse yourself”—Chinese 
Proverb 


Patience 

Pictures of women and children weav- 
ing a rug 

“Many locks are opened by patience” 
—Arab Proverb 


Poetical Instinct 
Picture of Tagore 
Rabindranath Tagore 


Love of Music 

Picture of man leading singing, Al- 
lahabad, India 

“Music in his soul” 


Appreciation of the Beautiful 

Picture of man looking from an arch- 
way toward the Taj Mahal in the 
distance 


Exaltation of Learning 

Picture of Tomb of Confucius 

“Wealth consists in greatness of un- 
derstanding”—Eastern Proverb 


Courtesy 

Picture of Japanese girls bowing to 
each other 

“A kind reception is better than a 
feast’”—Telugu Proverb 


Cheerfulness 

Picture showing East Indian boys 
grinning as they le on their stom- 
achs in the sand 


Hospitality 

Picture of afternoon’ tea—Japanese 

“Vinegar given is sweeter than honey” 
—Oriental Proverb 


Commemoration of Ancestors 

Picture of ancestral tablet—Chinese 

“A man of noble nature does not for- 
get the roots from which he springs” 
—Chinese Proverb 


Family Affection 

Picture of Japanese mother and baby 

“Sons and daughters fasten to the 
heart strings’”—Chinese Proverb 


Respect for Authority 

“Pay them their respective dues... 
respect to this man, honor to that’”— 
Oriental saying 


Developing National Loyalty 
Picture of Turkish group around 


leader cheering their flag 
“My country, ’tis of thee” 


EXHIBIT 


433 


NORTH AMERICAN BACKGROUND 


“Freely ye have received, freely give” 


Freedom of Worship 

Picture of model of Bahaai Temple 
at Wilamette, Ill. 

Model of Bahaai Temple at Wila- 
mette, Illinois 


Access to the Christian Message 

Chart of Central States giving loca- 
tions of M. E. Churches 

A typical situation 


Home Life 

Picture from cover of “The World 
Call” 

A nation may be measured by its 
homes 


Equality of Sexes 

Picture of Mrs. McClung—Canada 

A woman is appreciated for her quali- 
ties, not limited by her sex 


Longing for Improvement 

Picture from Y.W.C.A. girls’ poster 

“That ye might have life and... 
more abundantly” 


Freedom for Individual Development 
Picture of Steinmetz at work 
Dr. Steinmetz at work 


Compulsory Public School System 
“Wisdom is rather to be chosen than 
great riches” 


Cultural privileges generally available 

Picture of Eastman Theatre at Roches- 
ter, New York é 

The best is none-too good for the 
humblest 


PROBLEMS 


Public Press 

Clippings from Indianapolis papers 
showing news of vital interest 

No force is so potent in forming pub- 
lic opinion as is the public press 


Christian Public Opinion 
“Vox populi, vox Dei” 


Abundant Racial Contacts 

Front pages of 6 “Language” news- 
papers of New York City 

North America is a fertile field for 
the replanting of racial stocks 


Comparative Equality in the Courts 
Scene from Juvenile Court at Seattle 
The child at least gets a fair hearing 


Good Public Health Conditions 

In New York deaths from tubercu- 
losis are only one-third as many as 
25 years ago 


Access to Hospitals and Physicians 
Medical aid in Indianapolis 
8 Hospitals 
600 Physicians 
500 Nurses 


Comparative Lack of Poverty 

“Tn the year 1920 the average home in 
the United States possessed about 
three times the household capital 
that it possessed in 1900” (Individ- 
ualism in Action, Julius Barnes) 


Organized: Philanthropy 
In New York City $50,000,000 a year 
is spent in welfare work 


Improving Labor Conditions 

Scenes from a local model factory at 
Indianapolis 

Industrial righteousness grows apace 


AT HOME 


“Be not overcome of evil, but overcome evil with good” 


As Christians it is ours— 


To make denominational loyalties sub- 
servient to loyalty to Christ 


To adjust the distribution of churches 


To provide Christian privileges for 
needy groups, e.g., migrant workers 


To inspire and develop an adequate 
ministry 


To train the youth in the knowledge 
and the practice of Christian living 


To increase the practice of Christian 
stewardship 


434 


To strengthen the sense of responsi- 
bility toward unevangelized groups 
of the world 


To provide satisfactory educational 
privileges for all 


To put cultural values into popular 
amusements 


To properly assimilate the incoming 
immigrants 


To develop a higher regard for law 


To establish a single moral standard 
for men and women 


CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


To abolish child labor 
To rectify industrial injustice 


To develop the spirit of racial brother- 
hood 


To put the Christian attitude into in- 
ternational relationships j 


To cultivate the sense of responsibility 
for world peace 


To overcome the spirit of materialism 
with the spirit of Christ 


PROBLEMS ABROAD 


“Be not overcome of evil, but overcome evil with good” 


As Christians it is ours— 


To see that no nation is without the 
Christian message 


To make Christ available in every 
area of every nation 


To meet adequately the needs of un- 
evangelized groups, e.g., 
Ricksha men 
Factory girls 
Soldiers 
Literati 
Rural population 


To inspire and to cooperate with in- 
digenous leadership 


To provide a fair distribution of the 
newly organized churches 


To encourage the spirit of cooperation 
among the churches of different de- 
nominational origin 


To develop a Christian public opinion 


To elevate the place of women 
To put a new spirit into home life 


To overcome superstition with knowl- 
edge 


To extend educational privileges 
To modernize sanitary methods 
To battle with poverty 


To enlarge the sense of responsibility 
for the less favored 


To give deserved recognition to honest 
labor 


To foster a right attitude in industrial 
relationships 


To create a sense of international re- 
sponsibility 


To overcome the spirit of material- 
ism with the spirit of Christ 


LEADERSHIP ABROAD—TRAINING 


“To Jerusalem and all Judea” 


A type: Lilavati Singh 
Picture of Miss Singh 

A type: Galen M. Fisher 
Picture of Mr. Fisher 


The Basis—Religious Experience 

Whether schooled or unschooled the 
leader must have a profound per- 
sonal religious experience 


EXHIBIT 


All degrees of training are to be found 
The unschooled 
The simply trained 
The highly trained 


An indigenous Church demands lead- 
ers who distinguish between west- 
ernism and Christianity 


Type of training 

Picture of Woman's Bible School— 
Korea 

Informal Women’s Bible School 


Type of training — General Bible 
School 
Picture of Philippine Men’s Bible 
Class 


The task of evangelization must de- 
volve mainly upon nationals 


Type of training—Graduate Theolog- 
ical School 

Picture of a Burmese Theological 
Graduating Class 


Training of Nationals as leaders often 
involves training for other work 
than that of direct church leadership 

Picture of graduating class, Mary 
Johnson Hospital, Manila, Philip- 
pines 


435 


Conferences 

Picture of North Africa Sunday 
School Conference 

Minds trained to work together work 
with effectiveness 


Study while at work 

Picture of a pastor’s study—Siamese 

Even unschooled men become trained 
by combining work with study 


Project Training—Community Work 

Twenty-five Sunday Schools are con- 
ducted by girls of Foochow 
Women’s College 


Project Training—Religious Work 

Picture of student pastors leaving 
school for week-end trips into vil- 
lages—A frica 

The ministerial student gets training 
through work while studying 


Training Abroad ; : 
Leaders often secure specialized train- 
ing abroad 


Lay Leadership 

Picture of Ten-day Women’s Bible 
Training Classes in Korea 
great multitude of Lay Leaders 
must be trained 


MISSIONARY TRAINING AT HOME 


“Go ye therefore” 


Kenneth Scott Latourette 

Picture of Dr. Latourette 

Missionary and educator of mission- 
aries 


William Bacon Pettus 

Picture of Dr. Pettus 

Principal of the North China Lan- 
guage School 


The Requirement 

Candidate application blanks of Pres- 
byterian and American Boards 

Our Best—The need demands it 


Spiritually alive—Doctrinally sane— 
Scholastically thorough—Physically 
normal — Socially balanced — Tem- 
peramentally comfortable 

Candidate reference blanks of Pres- 
byterian, Methodist and Baptist 
Boards 


Not “What is his Alma Mater?” but 
“Has she taught him to think inter- 
nationally ?” 

Pictures from Northwestern Univer- 
sity 


The missionary is a specialist in a day 
of specialization 
Picture from College of Missions 


Project Training—Contacts with For- 
eign Students 

Prove first to yourself the reality of 
world brotherhood 

Project Training—Presenting the Mis- 
sionary Idea to Others 

One enkindled spirit sets another on 
fire 


Project Training—General Religious 
Work 

Train yourself for a spiritual work 
by experience in religious leadership 


430 


Project Training—Christian Living 

Picture of Christ at prayer 

The practice of the presence of God 
—the essential in missionary training 


Spend fifteen minutes a day on your 
five-foot missionary shelf 

A list of suggested readings for mis- 
sionaries 


Get Your Sailing Orders! 

Picture of out-going missionaries for 
1923 of Presbyterian Board 

A setting-up conference of out-going 
missionaries 


CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


Training Through Association With 
Groups 

Fellowship in preparation inspires 
thoroughness and creativeness 


The Language Schools 

Picture of a@ missionary and wife 
studying Siamese 

On the field the missionary’s first task 
is with the language 


While at Work 

Picture of doctor at microscope— 

—Korea 

The growing missionary is always a 
student 


HEALING 


Dr. Cyril Haas 
Picture of Dr. Haas 


Training Nurses 

Picture of graduating class of Fili- 
pino nurses, each holding a baby 

“Moved with compassion... took 
care of them” 


Training of Native Physicians 

Scene in medical school laboratory, 
India 

To follow in the steps of the Great 
Physician 


Training in Research 

Picture of student at microscope in 
bacteriological laboratory 

Greater works than these shall they do 


Without Equipment 

Picture of a doctor operating on hand 
of a patient who is lying on a bench 
in the open—Africa 

He saves lives even with this outfit 


With Equipment 

Picture of operating room in a mod- 
ern hospital 

How much more he is doing with this 


Wu Ting Fang said: 
“The gospel of healing makes its own 
way into the hearts of the people” 


Standards for Missionary Nurses 
At least a high school education, plus 
regular R.N. training and degree 


Indianapolis with its three hundred 
thousand has more trained nurses 
than there are missionary nurses in 
all India with its three hundred mil- 
lions 


Standards for a Missionary Doctor 
A degree from a Grade A medical col- 
lege and at least one year as intern 


Indianapolis has more qualified physi- 
cians than there are medical mis- 
sionaries in Africa 


Where will you hang your sign? 


“Go and report to John what ye hear 
and see” 


“The blind see” 
Picture of Dr. Hopkins treating an 
eye patient—Peking 


“The lame walk” 
Picture of doctor treating patient with 
a lame leg 


“The lepers are cleansed” 
Picture of a group of paroled lepers 


Prevention of disease 

Picture of a Japanese baby being ex- 
amined and judged in a Better Baby 
contest 

Let’s start them physically fit 


Disease Prevention 

Picture of vaccinating natives in 
smallpox flague area, Africa 

Stemming contagion 


Teaching Home Hygiene . 

Picture of Dr. Maybe holding a clinic 
in an African village 

The mother is the guardian of family 
health 


Teaching personal hygiene 

Picture of school children brushing 
teeth 

Cleanliness is next to godliness 


Dr. Mary Stone 
Picture of Dr. Stone 


EXHIBIT 


437 


PREACHING 


“Go ye into all the world and preach” 


Mr. Paul Kanamori 
Picture of Mr. Kanamori 
The Moody of Japan 


Limitation to Preaching—Physical 

Picture with a closed gate of Afghan- 
istan 

“They shall not pass’—closed gate of 
Afghanistan 


Limitations—Spiritual 
Thoburn of India won his first convert 
in two years 


Reaching the Poor 

Picture of a back street in Egypt 

“",.and the poor had the gospel 
preached to them” 


Tent Preaching 

Picture of missionary with his tent in 
‘the interior of India 
..and they went 
preaching” 


“ 


everywhere 


“Baptizing them in the name of the 
Father 
Picture of baptism on bank of river in 


Africa 


Village Preaching 
Picture of street preaching scene 
Reaching them where they are 


A Preaching Place 
Picture of an Indian Church 
Indian type of Church building 


A Preaching Place 
Picture of an African Church 
African type of Church building 


A Preaching Place 
Picture of a Latin American Church 
Latin American type of Church build- 


ing 

Preaching privileges in sparsely popu- 
lated Africa 

Map of Africa by Boggs showing sta- 
tions 


Preaching privileges in densely popu- 
lated Japan 

Ostrom’s “Hunger” map 

Preaching to Women 

Picture of Bible woman talking to a 
group of women in China 


Preaching to Families 
Picture of a colporteur surrounded by 
family group 


Preaching in the Open 

Picture of Malaysia showing a mis- 
sionary preaching to a crowd in an 
open field 

Not the place but the message 


Preaching in a Great Church 

Picture of preacher conducting a serv- 
ice m a great church built by the 
natives of Kamerun 

“The great congregation with stately 
ceremony also praises Him” 


A Typical Preaching Missionary 
Picture of Mr. Springer 
John Springer of Rhodesia 


TEACHING 


“Teaching them to observe all things” 


Miss Tetsuko Yasui 

Picture of Miss Yasui 

Dean of the Woman’s Christian Col- 
lege of Japan 


Kindergarten 

Picture of Japanese kindergarten kid- 
dies marching 

When the child goes to school, the 
father follows to church 


Boarding School 

Picture of a boys’ boarding school 

By the spirit of the school they in- 
terpret the spirit of Christ 


College 

Picture of faculty of Ginling College 

To develop a trained Christian lead- 
ership 


438 


Normal Schools 

Picture of normal school graduating 
group in the Philippines 

Their light is a torch to light the chil- 
dren of tomorrow 


Theological Seminary \ 

Picture of theological students at 
Aoyama, Tokyo 

Teaching them rightly to divine the 
Word of Truth 


Industrial School 

Picture of workshop of an Industrial 
School in India 

“Shape thou the work of our hands” 


Teaching for Service 
Picture of Boy Scout group at work 
Boy Scouts at work 


Teaching Principles of Healthful Liv- 
ing 

Picture of a cooking class—La Paz, 
South America 


Teaching Principles of Faith 
Picture of school children bowing in 
prayer—Japan 


Teaching Without Equipment 

Picture of a native African teacher 
with children reading from a chart 
hung on a tree 

Without even Mark Hopkins’ log 


Teaching With Full Equipment 

Picture of Peking University campus 
plan 

Peking University campus plan 


CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


Yuan Shi Kai once said: 

“Unless the ethics of Christianity shall 
dominate the scholarship of China 
there is no hope for the Republic” 


Adaptation of Text 

“Books out of the thought of the peo- 
ple, and which improve both life and 
living’—Thomas Jesse Jones 


Adaptation of Methods 

Picture showing adaptation of the 
teaching of a trade—Africa 

“With a plan that takes pupils where 
they are and builds to what they 
should be’—Jones 


Adaptation of Content 

“Education must make for Christian 
character, health, industry, recrea- 
tion and service’—Jones 


Sunday School 

Picture of an Indian Sunday School 
class led by native teacher 

Studying the Word in their own 
tongue : 


Reading Rooms 

Picture of a reading room in Peking, 
China 

Cultivating world interest 


Physical Education 
Picture of a girls’ gymnasium class 
Making fit the temple of the spirit 


Dr. Charles Watson 

Picture of Dr. Watson 

President of the American University 
of Cairo, Egypt 


SOCIAL SERVICE 


“Believe me for the very work’s sake” 


Picture of Kagawa in slums 
Kagawa in the slums of Kobe 


Picture of Caroline Macdonald 
Caroline Macdonald, Prison Worker 
in Japan 


Every mission station is a social center 


Day Nurseries 

Picture of Day Nursery group in 
Japan 

One of the Great Mothers to the chil- 
dren of wage earners 


Orphanages 

Near East pictures 

From tender childhood’s helplessness 
Thy heart has never known recoil 


Homes for Untainted Children of 
Lepers 

Picture of a group of untainted chil- 
dren 

This is the service that helps “Rid 


the World of Leprosy” 


Playgrounds 

Picture of playground in South Amer- 
ica 

Play as essential to children is recog- 
nized by Christian institutions 


Refugee Work 

Picture of a refugee family receiving 
food and clothing 

“Others were tortured not accepting 
their deliverance” 


7 


EXHIBIT 


Anti-Tuberculosis Campaign 
Since it is preventable, why not pre- 
vent it? 


439 


Special Work of Women 

Picture of Madam Kaji Yajima 

The white ribbon is a sign of “Better 
Times” everywhere 


LITERATURE 


The Press 

Picture of Nile Press 

The products of the press speak the 
Christian message day and night 


A Christian literature supplements the 
Christian ministry and Christian fel- 
lowship 


When a native Christian literature be- 
gins to appear, then is the Church 
really established 


Hymnology is Enriched 

“In the secret of His Presence” was 
written by Emma Lakshimi Goreh 
of India 


Reaches Non-Christians 

Nearly all inquirers from Moslem 
lands have been interested first 
through the written word 


Translation makes available the best 
Christian literature of all lands 


INDUSTRIAL WORK 


To Glory in Work—This is Christian 
Picture of two sons of rajahs at work 
Two high caste boys at manual labor 


Raising the Standards of Living 
Improved standard of work means im- 
proved standard of living 


Inculcating Ideas of Industrial Jus- 
tice 

Must we not teach and live the laws 
of Christ in industry? 


Industry enables dependents to care 
for themselves 

Picture of self-help for widows, con- 
ducted by Yale-in-China School 

No heart so open as one touched by 
kindly care 


Opening Hearts and Minds 

Picture of telephone office in Japan 

Improved industrial conditions create 
opportunities for the Christian min- 
istry 


AGRICULTURE 


“My Father worketh hitherto and I work” 


Hunnicutt of Brazil 

Picture of Hunnicutt.and scenes from 
his school in South America 

The apostle of agricultural evangel- 
ism in Latin America 


Swamidas of India 
Picture of Swamidas 


Agricultural missions seek to improve 
economic conditions by increasing 
production 

Sheet showing typical increase in the 
production of Wheat, Sugar Cane, 
Cotton, Meat 


Agricultural Adaptations 

Picture showing adapted plows in 
India 

Not substituting our methods but im- 
proving their methods 


“Trees and prosperity: lack of trees 
and poverty’—Willard Price 


To Improve Economic Conditions by 
Improving Seeds 

Picture of boys’ corn judging contest 
in Africa 

Better seeds, larger harvest, better 
homes 


Improving Economic Conditions by 
Increase in Acreage 

Picture of Purple Mountains, Nan- 
king—showing replanting of forest 


The Exchange of Agricultural Prod- 
ucts Benefits the World 
Lists of typical agricultural products 
brought from each area of the 
world: 
Alfalfa from Turkestan, etc. 


440 


An agricultural missionary may teach 
in an agricultural school 

Picture of an agricultural school in 
Africa 


An agricultural missionary may do 
agricultural extension work 

Picture of a field agriculturist at work 
in India 


CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


An agricultural missionary may add 
to the service of the world by re- 
search work 


Picture of Canton Christian College 
Serecultural Laboratory 

An agricultural missionary may be a 
minister to agricultural people 


AVENUE OF COOPERATION 


“That they all may be one” 


Samuel Guy Inman 

Picture of Inman 

General Secretary of the Committee 
on Cooperation in Latin America 


Methods of Cooperation: 
Cooperation in missionary administra- 
tion in North America is an ac- 
cepted principle, e.g., 
In training 
In medical examination of can- 
didates 
In transportation 


In calling for candidates 

Picture of SV.M. traveling staff 

The natural approach to present-day 
student life is interdenominational 


In home base conferences and conven- 
tions, e.g., 
Foreign Missions Conference 
Conference of the Federation of 


Women’s Boards of Foreign- 


Missions 
Quadrennial Convention of the 
Student Volunteer Movement 


By Area Councils 

There are area councils in China, In- 
dia, Korea, Japan, Near East, the 
Congo Basin, South Africa 


By Actual Practice 
Missions are now at work coopera- 


tively in every type of Christian ac- 
tivity 


By the Delimitation of Territory 

Maps of Mexico showing overlapping 
of denominational work and then the 
division in territory 

One example of the delimitation of 
territory 


By the Spirit of Unity _ 
The union work of missions repre- 
sents not only a status but a spirit 


Cooperation is a moral obligation 


International Cooperation 

Everybody wants a better world, but 
a better world depends upon the co- 
operation of everybody 


Interdenominational Cooperation 

Cooperation between denominations 
on the field means free exchange of 
members, harmonious plans of work, 
united counsel and united prayer 


Cooperation Brings Economy 

Cooperation on the field gives the 
largest economy in the expenditure 
of money and men 


Cooperation Increases Effectiveness _ 
United efforts permit specialization 
and promote efficiency 


Cooperation Simplified by Doctrinal 
Unity 

National churches are most frequently 
formed of churches with similar 
doctrinal bases 


Cooperation is Possible with Doctrinal 
Diversity 

Picture of South India United Church 
Group 

There are national churches combin- 
ing groups with diversified doctrinal 
bases 


There is cooperation in ministry to the 
Anglo-American communities 

Anglo-American churches are to be 
found in the great mercantile cities 
of Latin America and Asia 


There is cooperation in the study of 
problems, e.g., 
Commission on Education i in India 
villages 
China Educational Commicena 
Commission on Education in 
Equatorial Africa 


EXHIBIT 


Rev. Ch’eng Ching Yu 
Picture of Dr. Cheng 
A Chinese apostle of cooperation 


Cooperation is Essential in Survey 

Picture of Dr. Stauffer and pages 
from his China Survey 

To know your task you must know it 
in its relationships 


Every problem area has its federation 
of missionaries irrespective of na- 
tionality or denomination 


In evangelistic work—interdenomina- 
tional ' 
The evangelistic impact is best made 

by united Christian forces 


In organized church unions 

Organized union churches appear in 
local communities where denomina- 
tions are working 


Through Publishing Houses 

Picture of American Bible Society 
House 

Home of one of the great union agen- 
cies 


By Religious Periodicals 
Nearly every great mission area has 
its interdenominational periodical 


Through Bible Distribution 
Every Bible society is a union insti- 
tution 


By Developing a United Educational 
System 

Church agencies and governments 
work together toward a coordinated 
educational system 


In the Education of Men 
For men there are union:— 
Theological Schools 

Colleges 

Medical Schools 
Normal Colleges 
Industrial Schools 


In the education of women 
For women there are union: 
Bible Schools 
Colleges 
Medical Schools 
Nurses’ Training Schools 


There is Cooperation in Education be- 
tween Churches and Government 
Picture of a subsidized school in Cey- 
lon 

Many national governments carry their 
educational responsibility by subsi- 
dizing missionary schools 


441 


By Common Literature 

Denominational hymn-books are the 
exception on the mission field, union 
hymn-books are the rule 


Through Coeducational Cooperation 

Picture of a graduating class in West 
China Union University 

West China leads the way in college 
coeducation on the mission field 


By the Station Physician 

The physician of an interior station 
often serves missions of several de- 
nominations 


There is Cooperation in Hospital 
Work 

Picture of Union Medical School Hos- 
pital 


In the larger centers mission hospitals 
serve all churches 


Cooperation in health campaigns 

Picture of Peters and his anti-tuber- 
culosis work 

Dr. Peters’ anti-tuberculosis work 


Mission to the Lepers 


Picture of Leper Mission in Siam 


The Mission to Lepers conducts 
95 homes in 
13 countries under 
30 Missionary Societies 


In Social Service 

Picture of a student relief project of 
Yenching College among children of 
famine stricken families 

No field is more inviting for coopera- 
tive effort than that of social service 


Sometimes industrial organizations 
and missions cooperate for welfare 
of employees 

Picture of Johannesburg Mine Work 
of the American Board 


In Sunday school work 
Picture of the World’s Sunday School 
Conference at Tokyo 


The World’s Sunday School Associa- 
tion serves the Protestant misisons 
of the world 


In temperance work 

The temperance movement enters 
every field along with the mission- 
ary 


In work for women 

Picture of Y.W.C.A. work among 
girls in Constantinople 

The Y.W.C.A. in mission lands is a 
cooperative agency working for 
women and girls 


442 


In work for men 

Picture of Y.M.C.A. at work in Korea 

The Y.M.C.A. in mission lands is a 
cooperative agency working for men 
and boys 


There is cooperation in conferences on 
the fields, e.g., 
Summer Student Conferences 


CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


Summer Bible Conferences 
Sunday School Training Conferences 
General Missionary Conferences 


In the education of missionary chil- 
dren 

Picture of Canton School 

To provide the early education of chil- 
dren of missionaries is an mace 
nominational function 


NATIVE LEADERSHIP 


mGOuyeN. tt 


Miss Michi Kawai 

Picture of Miss Kawai 

National Secretary of the Y.W.C.A. 
in Japan 


and lo, I am with you all the way” 


General Feng Yu Hsiang 
Picture of General Feng 
The Christian general of China 


How Native Leadership is manifested: 


In Ideals 

The ideals of Christianity can best be 
interpreted to a people by a leader 
from among themselves 


In Education 
Educational adaptations flourish best 
under native leaders such as: 
Lilavati Singh 
Kwagyr Agegrey 
Dr. Inazo Nitobe 
Chang Po Ling 


In Works of Relief 

Red Cross Relief Poster 

Repeatedly governments have placed 
relief administration in the hands of 
native Christians 


In Community Welfare Work 

Community welfare work under in- 
digenous leadership avoids pauper- 
izing and builds character 


Christianity crowns the individual 
robed in the beauties of his racial 
heritage 

Picture of boy as a type of fine man- 
hood in India 


Nationals are leading into unexpected 
types of church development, e.g., 
General Feng among his soldiers 
Uchimura’s Bible study group, 
Tokyo 


In Social Service 

Picture of college boys in cholera pre- 
vention work 

In social service the spirit of Christ is 
best interpreted by national leaders 


In Community Religious Work 

Community religious work is not only 
inspired by—but develops Christian ~ 
leaders 


In Missionary Outreach 

Picture of Chinese Home Missionary 
Society 

The native church becomes a mission- 
ary church under its own leadership 


In expediting national reform move- 
ments 
Social 
Educational 
Religious 


The ultimate Christianization of a na- 
tion depends upon its own leaders 


The coming national leaders have the 
spirit of service 
Student mottoes: 
Isabella Thoburn College—“Saved 
for Service” 
Madras Woman’s. College — 
“Lighted to Lighten” 
Tokyo Woman’s College—‘Serv- 
ice and Sacrifice” 


EXHIBIT 


Native leaders begin to express 
Christianity in terms of their own 
life 


Only through indigenous leadership 
will the Church be able to make its 
greatest contribution to the life of 
the world 


443 


The true native leader absorbs Chris- 
tianity without necessarily absorbing 
westernism 


A strong national leadership is a nor- 
mal development of the universal 
Christian brotherhood 


NATIVE CHURCH 


“Ve are my friends if ye do whatsoever I command you” 


The Rev. Liu Fang—a Christian 
Leader of China 
Picture of Mr. Liu 


Miss Fan Yu Jung 

Picture of Miss Jung 

A Chinese leader in church coopera- 
tion 


The native Church attempts to Chris- 
tianize industry 

As men become Christians they apply 
Christ’s ideals to industry 


The native Church tends to elevate 
economic conditions 

The growth of Christianity is accom- 
panied by increased economic wel- 
fare 


The native Church develops an en- 
lightened public opinion 

The Christian doctrine moves the mind 
and the heart and the will of the 
public to higher ‘standards 


The native Church in action raises the 
moral tone of any community 


The native Church increases literacy 

Picture of older women learning to 
read 

Passion to know about Chrisitanity 
leads even old people to learn to 
read 


The native Church strengthens the 
sense of responsibility for others less 
favored 

The native Church demonstrates the 
spirit of compassion shown by the 
Master 


The native Church quickens the rec- 
ognition of the possibilities of indi- 
vidual development 

Picture of Boy Scout 

Be prepared 


Patriotism linked up with Christian 
faith becomes shot through with 
gleams of hope 


The native Church encourages social 
reform, e.g., 
In Footbinding 
In Polygamy 
In Marriage Customs 
In Slavery 


The native Church works for Re- 
ligious Freedom 

Coming to fulfil rather than to de- 
stroy, Christianity assumes the right 
of religious freedom 


In many nations fellowship in the 
home is first known through the 
Christian church 

Picture of family group of Mr. and 
and Mrs. Yueh of China 


The native Church fosters a spirit of 
responsibility for the welfare of oth- 
ers, €.£., 

Christians in Rhodesia gave to In- 
ternational Red Cross 

Christian students of China to Eu- 
ropean Student Relief 

Christian Church in India to Japa- 
nese Earthquake Fund 


The native Church creates a sense of 
world responsibility for religious 
conditions of others, e.g., 

Japanese missionaries to China 

Chinese missionaries to Aborigines 
in Yunan 

Korean missionaries to Manchuria 


A native Church demands indigenous 
leadership 


A native Church pushes toward self- 
support 

Picture of church group building their 
own church—Korea 


A native Church becomes self-propa- 
gating 


A native Church develops indigenous 
organization 


444 


A native Church creates indigenous 
literature 


A native Church develops indigenous 
hymnology 


CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


The indigenous Church contributes to 
the understanding of Christian truth 


The indigenous Church supersedes im- 
ported denominational loyalties 


COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY 


“All these things .. .” 


The central issue in which employers 
and Church are concerned is the hu- 
manizing of relations between labor 
and capital—C. C. Nich, Shanghai 


Picture of Julius H. Barnes from In- 
dianapolis Chamber of Commerce 
Magazine 

President of the United States Cham- 
ber of Commerce 


Business men with a missionary mind: 
Costykan, Armenian of New 
York 
Raven of Shanghai 
Dollar of San Francisco 


When a people become Christian their 
standards of living are sure to rise 


Christian education develops new 
needs and increases buying power 


Commerce expediting travel 
Pictures of sailboat and steamer 
Judson sailed in a boat like this 
You will sail in one like this 


A developing industry and commerce 
hastens the day of  self-support 
within the Church 


Commerce makes missionary living 
more nearly normal 

Mission Board instruction lists 

Normal living abroad makes for long 
and efficient service 


Through commerce we are debtors to 
all 

List of foods used in an ordinary meal 
and their source 

A balanced meal is drawn from the 
nations of the earth 


Picture of Indian student at type- 
writer 

Missionary lands increasingly depend 
upon western machinery 


Christianity raises industrial ideals 


International commerce develops a 
sense of national worth 


Commerce facilitates monetary ex- 
change 

Two cancelled checks sent from New 
Jersey, used in China 

Your personal check is good anywhere 
in the world 


EXHIBIT 


445 


WORLD BROTHERHOOD 


“By this shall all men know that ye are my disciples” 


Mahatma Gandhi 

Picture of Gand 

A national leader with international 
sympathies 


Madame Mustapha Kemal ‘ 
Picture of Mr. and Mrs. Kemal 
A breaker of national customs 


Lucius L. Porter 

Picture of Dr. Porter 

Exchange professor from Peking Uni- 
versity to Columbia University 


Mrs. Henry W. Peabody 

Picture of Mrs. Peabody 

She gives herself to the women of the 
world 


Types of Organizations Working for World Brotherhood: 


Woman’s National Committee for Law 
Enforcement 


World Alliance of International 
Friendship Among the Churches 


Commission on International Justice 
and Good-Will of the Federal Coun- 
cil of Churches 


World Prohibition and Reform Fed- 
eration 


International Fellowship of Reconcili- 
ation 


International Red Cross 


Red Cross Nurses Around the World 

Picture of nurse at center with lines 
radiating out to the far ends of the 
world 


Student Friendship Fund 
Poster of Friendship Fund 
The light must not fail 


Japanese Earthquake Funds 

Official poster of Red Cross 

The response was in the spirit of 
brotherhood 


International Agreements on Opium 
No longer do we put an enemy in his 
pipe to take away his brains 


Government—Commerce—Missions 
Are a trilogy no one of which can 
well do without the other 


“You can have race-prejudice if you 
want it. You can have Jesus if you 
want Him: but you cannot have 
both’—T. R. Glover 


Let’s eliminate unbrotherly words 
from our vocabulary: 
Dago Chink 
Hunkey Jap 
Greaser Boche 


League for International Peace 

Carnegie Peace Foundation 

Association for the Promotion of an 
International Auxiliary Language 


The Permanent Court of International 
Justice 
Pan-American Union 
The Nobel Peace Prize 
The Bok Peace Prize 
World Student Christian Federation 
Foreign Policy Association 
International Chamber of Commerce 
Conference on Limitation of Arma- 
ments 
Picture of Conference 
A step toward peace 
World Student Christian Federation 
Conference 
Peking Conference picture 
Christian students of many nations 
confer in the spirit of brotherhood 
Commercial and Industrial Confer- 
ences 
Picture of International Chamber of 
Commerce 
World Brotherhood promotes com- 
merce and industry 
“International athletics is the anti- 
toxin which can eradicate the dis- 
ease of war” : 
Picture of Hindu boys playing Amer- 
ican baseball 
“Tt takes more courage to make peace 
than to make war’”—Lloyd George 
Let’s put new words in our vocabu- 
lary: J 
Internationalism 
Fellowship 
Brotherhood 


446 


CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


NATIVE CONTRIBUTION 


“T have not found so great faith” 


Sadhu Sundar Singh 
His picture 
The Christian mystic of today 


“Under heaven ... one family” should 
be the motto of the _ universal 
Church 


The contributions that the nations of the World bring to Christianity: 


From India—Meditation and Mysti- 
cism 


From China—Patience and Genuine- 
ness 


From Japan—Love of the Beautiful 


From Latin America—Love of the 
Poetic 


From Central Africa—Cheerfulness 


From Moslem Lands—Sense of the 
Transcendency of God 


From Ancient Christians of the Near 
East—Patience under Persecution 


The body of Christ, which is the 
Church, is a unity composed of na- 
tional members 


From Korea—Simplicity of Faith and 
the Obligation to Witness 


From North American Indians—Sense 
of the Imminence of God 


From Pacific Islands—Light-hearted- 
ness 


From North America—Aggressiveness 
and Ability to Organize 


From Great Britain—Rational Faith 
and Emphasis on Tradition 


From Latin 
Warmth 


From Northern Europe—Stability and 
Scholarship 


Europe — Emotional 


The white light of Christianity is 
made up of the prismatic colors of 
national elements 


GOVERNMENT AND DIPLOMACY 


“No man liveth to himself” 


A just government is always the ally 
of human progress 


Theodore Roosevelt 
Picture of Roosevelt addressing an au- 
dience 


The Christ of the Andes 

Picture of monument in the Andes 
Mountains 

Erected as a pledge to everlasting 
peace 


Diplomats who have been appreciative 
of the missionary enterprise 

Picture of Ambassador Hanihara 

Masanao Hanihara—Ambassador of 
Japan—a type 


Some diplomats have the missionary 
mind 
Major Conger of China 
Morganthau of Turkey 


Leadership 

Picture of President Mascerick 

Loyalty to Christ strengthens true 
patriotism 


National movements for public wel- 
fare are fostered by the developing 
Church 


Christian governments promote inter- 
national good-will as they encour- 
age righteousness in their. citizens 
abroad 


EXHIBIT 


Governments by international agree- 
ments frown upon certain evils 
—e.2., 

Slavery 
Rum 
Opium 
Narcotics 


Governments aid the Church by laws 
that protect life and property 


447 


Governments grant subsidies to schools 
and other welfare institutions 


Governments aid the Church by laws 
which improve living conditions 
Picture of government cleaned com- 

‘munity 


Governments aid the Church by laws 
that grant religious liberty 


TREND OF YOUTH—RELIGIOUS 


“Man shall not live by bread alone” 


Picture of Maya Das 
Maya Das 
One of India’s student leaders 


Two friends of the students of all na- 
tions 
Elmer Yelton 
C. D. Hurrey 
Pictures of Yelton and Hurrey 


National Types of Christian Youth 
Movements of North America 


C.S.M. S.V.M. 
Y.W.C.A. C.E., etc. 
Y.M.C.A, Sie ton 


International type of Youth Movement 
The World Student Christian Federa- 
tion 


Youth revolts against Denomination- 
alism 

Truth and not tradition is our sanc- 
tion of religion 


Youth revolts against Dogmatism 
You also may be right 


Youth revolts against Separation of 
Religion and Science 

To us all truth is harmonious and 
sacred 


Youth revolts against the Divorce of 
Religion from Living 

All that should be in my life is in- 
tegral with my religion 


Youth gives Leadership to Youth 
We listen to our own leaders 


Youth desires Self-Government 
We are putting democracy into our 
Christian organizations 


Youth appears in Conferences 

Picture of typical conference group 

Only real group thinking on Christian 
problems satisfies us 


Youth fosters Altruistic Service 

Picture of students working among 
children of migrant canners 

We want to make Christianity socially 
dynamic 


Youth encourages for all the Sharing 
of Christianity 

We recognize religious responsibility 
and gladly undertake it 


Youth demands Organized Cooperation 
By cordial cooperation we would 
eliminate duplicated effort 


Youth challenged to Christian Voca- 


tions 

If we are called to a religious service, 
we will accept the call and prepare 
for the service 


Youth links human need and _ religion 
We see a Christian responsibility in 
every human need 


Youth links World Brotherhood and 
Religion 

We cannot separate our Christian 
thinking from the demands of 
world brotherhood 


448 


CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


TREND OF YOUTH—GENERAL 


“Thou hast done well” 


Wellington Koo 

Picture of Koo 

An outstanding leader of Chinese 
youth 


Behind all this ferment of thought is 
there not a real hunger after God? 


Source—Passive Type—Gandhi Move- 
ment 

A movement that would free India 
and the world from materialism 


Source—Active Type—Fascisti Move- 
ment 

Picture of typical Fascisti group 

An aggressive movement against in- 
efficiency in national life 


Youth Revolts Against War 

Picture of grave of Unknown Soldier 

I am willing to sacrifice but not to be 
sacrificed 


Youth revolts against Leadership of 
Age 

Let us measure our leadership by its 
worth, and not by its years 


Youth revolts against Pure Intellec- 
tualism 

The value of education must prove 
itself in the devolpment of person- 
ality 


Youth revolts against Traditions and 
Conventions 

We question authorities, test founda- 
tions and demand realities 


Shown through Vagabondage 

Two pictures of student groups of 
Roumania on camping trips 

We would be free to live 


Shown through the Spirit of Inde- 
pendence and Self-help 

Six pictures showing students at work 
on farms, in factories and in shops 

We feel that every student should be 
a working unit in Society 


Shown through Untrammelled Think- 
ing 

We strive to win an independent look 
at the Universe 


Shown through Interest in Other 
Groups 
We are capable of human unity with 


men of all vocations 


Shown through a Desire to Serve 
Others 

There is no need in which we will not 
willingly share 


Shown through Interest in National 
Reform 
As patriots, we oppose national evils 


Brings Freedom of Personal Action 

Picture of two of India’s high caste 
boys giving water to pilgrims 

Even caste will not keep us from sery- 
ice 


Shown through the Spirit of Democ- 


racy i 
We would neither be dictated to nor 
dictate 


Shown through the Spirit of Interna- 
tional Fellowship 

Picture of International Conference, 
Turnov, Czecho-Slovakia 

We are glad to think with the youth 
of all nations 


FOREIGN STUDENTS IN NORTH AMERICA 


“And they shall become one flock, one Shepherd” ‘ 


Former Student Migrations 

Map of the world showing great stu- 
dent migrations of history 

A potent factor for the best in inter- 
national relations 


Canadian Student Migrations 

Similar map showing student migra- 
tions to and from Canada 

A tie that binds 


Students from abroad: 
We welcome you! 


Foreign women Students in the United 
States and Canada 
Equal to Wellesley College enroll- 
ment 
Three times that of Randolph- 
Macon College 
Four times that of Mills College 


EXHIBIT 


Present Day Student Migrations 

Similar map of the student migrations 
of today 

While West goes East and East goes 
West forever the twain shall meet 


Migrations of Students from the 
United States 

Similar map of student migrations to 
and from the United States 


A cure for provincialism 


Men Students from Abroad in Can- 
ada and the United States 

No university in North America has 
a number of men equal to the num- 
ber of men from abroad now study- 
ing in the United States and Canada 


Students from abroad: May we be 
friends! 
Picture of American and Foreign 


women siudents at Lake Geneva 


449 


Leadership Among Foreign Students 

Picture of secretaries and office staff 
of Committee on Friendly Relations 
with Foreign Students 

Friendly Relations Secretaries and Of- 
fice Staff 


Leadership—North America 

Picture of Katy Boyd George 

Katy Boyd George—General Secretary 
of the Women’s Committee on 
Friendly Relations with Foreign 
Students 


The Returning Student 

Picture of Bishop Abraham of India 
who studied in Toronto 

Students returning from North Amer- 
ica with the spirit of world fellow- 
ship are a mighty asset for the King- 
dom of God 


LIFE SERVICE 


“As Thou didst send me into the world, even so send I them into the world” 


Replacement Problem 
100,000 Ministers in North Amer- 
ica 
26,000 Other Christian Workers 
15,000 Missionaries from North 
America in Countries Abroad 
Where shall we seek to supply the 
Christian workers? 


The Hindered Volunteer 

“If God permit” means work in Amer- 
ica for many who have formed the 
purpose to work, abroad 


The Local Group—Why? 
A common vocational goal calls for 
fellowship in preparation 


A Movement 

Students of many colleges and with 
a common life purpose make a Stu- 
dent Movement 


Sailed List 
Over 10,000 with the declared pur- 
pose have reached mission fields 


Sailed List 
1920—192I—1922—1923 
The printed lists of the four 
years 

Over 2,200 


John and Ruth Elder of Persia 
Picture of John and Ruth Elder 
John Elder—Washington Jefferson 
College and McCormick Theological 
Ruth Roche Elder—Wellesley College 


The Life Purpose 
“Tt is my purpose if God permit, 
to become a foreign missionary” 
A definite life purpose helps to effec- 
tive accomplishment 


Movements Abroad 


Great Britain Near East 
Germany China 
Norway Japan 
Sweden India 


These same principles have given rise 
to Volunteer Movements in other 
lands 


Elemental Principles of the Movement 
A declared life purpose 
Fellowship locally in groups 
The Students’ Own Movement 

These principles do not apply to for- 

eign service alone 


Ting Li Mei 

Picture of Ting Li Mei 

The man of prayer who leads the 
S.V.M. for the ministry in China 


450 


CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


CHRISTIAN WORLD EDUCATION 


The Why of a Poster 
To attract attention 
To arouse interest 
To suggest action 


Marks of a good poster 
Unity 
Brevity 
Suggestivity 
Honesty 


Stereopticon Lectures 

Catalogue of Presbyterian 
stereopticon lectures 

Write to Mission Boards for detailed 
information 


The Bulletin Board 

Miniature bulletin board with world 
map and newspaper clippings 

World news in brief 


Board 


Dramatic Presentations 

Cover of “Robert and Mary” 

For selected list of plays and pageants 
write to Educational Secretaries, 
Student Volunteer Movement 


Group Study 
Covers of “Contacts with non-Chris- 
tian Cultures” 
“Introduction to Missionary Serv- 
ice” 
A closer study of missionary problems 


Individual Reading—General 
Covers of “The New Latin America” 
“The Rising Temper of the 
East” 


Group Study 
Cover of “The Leaven of Japan” 
Know another people than your own 


World Fellowship Meetings or For- 
ums 
Sheet of suggested topics: 
Internationalism and the Christian 
ideal 
Industrialism and Christian ethics 
in the same world 
Racial relations and Christian liv- 
ing 
“Under Heaven one family’”—The 
World’s Student Christian Fed- 
eration 
Students for students—The Stu- 
dent Friendship Fund, Women’s 
Union Christian Colleges of the 
Orient 


Individual Reading—Biography 
Covers of “Henry Martyn” 
“Francis Coillard” 


Individual Reading—Professional 
Covers of “The Chinese Church” 
“The Church in India” 

“Education in Africa” 
“Education in China’ 
“Village Education in India” 


Individual Reading—Professional 
Covers of “Medical Practice in Africa 
and Orient” 
“Modern Medicine in China” 
“The Gospel and the Plow” 
“By Hammer and Hand” 


Individual Reading—Fiction 
Covers of “The Street of Precious 
Pearls” 
“Out Where the World Begins” 
“J. K. Mackenzie” 


Group Study 

Cover of “International Relations and 
the Christian Way of Life” 

Shall we look to Christianity for the 
solution of international problems? 


Group Study 

Cover of “Racial Relations” 

What is the Christian ideal in a world 
composed of different races? 


Group Study 

Cover of “Economic Problems and the 
Christian Ideal” 

What can Christians do about eco- 
nomic problems? 


Individual Reading—General 
Covers of “The New World of Labor” 
“Christianity and _ International 
Relationships” 


Group Study 

Cover of “Youth and Renaissance 
Movements” 

What is the relation of the youth 
movements to a Christian society? 


The College Newspaper 
Clippings from college papers show- 
ing items of missionary interest: 
Concerning Indianapolis Conven- 
tion 
Some college missionary project 
Letter from graduate on the field 


EXHIBIT 451 


CURRENT WORLD NEWS—RELIGIOUS PRESS 


For each of the panels listed below the illustrative material was in the 
form of front covers and feature pages chosen from current issues of the 
magazine. 


Magazine Legend 

Spirit of Missions—Episcopal ; 

Missionary Herald—Congregational Your own church magazine 

The World Call—Disciples 

Missionary Review of the World Current missionary events and move- 
ments 

International Review of Missions Missionary problems scientifically pre- 
sented 

The Survey A magazine of human progress 

Moslem World Studies of a religious problem 

Chinese Recorder A national missionary review 

Congo Mission News A field journal 

. The India Witness India’s missionary thought 

Student World The voice of federated student move- 
ments 


Student Movement Press 
Intercollegian 
Canadian Student Press 
Woman’s Press—College Section Current student life and thought 
Student Fellowship for Life Serv- 
ice Bulletin 


Student Volunteer Movement Bulletin Students and foreign missions 


CURRENT WORLD NEWS—GENERAL PRESS 


For each of the panels listed below the illustrative material was in the 
form of front covers and feature pages chosen from current issues of the 
magazine. 


Magazine Legend 
World Agriculture Feeding the World 
Our World Know your world 
Foreign Affairs Intelligence on world problems 
National Geographic The world in pictures 
World’s Work Business of the day 
Asia The Far East—alive 
Current History Today’s world action 
Literary Digest Current thought in brief 
Atlantic Monthly Thoughtful discussions of world in- 
terest 
The New Student Student opinion freely expressed: 


China Review A national viewpoint 


STATISTICS OF THE CONVENTION 





Student Delegates MOET oes hi ene Nyc RSE 
Foreign Student Delegates iii VL ai tans eth ee pe ars ae 
Presidents and Faculty Members 5 ? : , ‘ Js Aot 
Student Christian Association Local Secretaries . . . 79 
StudentitiPastor's ily. ya). Pia a NO Yr 82 

Total: Collegiate Representation vio cei ieee 
Foreign Missionaries. : ; : : , : dc he 
Foreign) Mission \Board Secretaries |. 7). 7.970) ones ee 


Student Christian Association National and _ Territorial 
Secretaries i ; : ; " f . ‘ F : 108 


Missionaries under Appointment and Out-of-School Delegates gI 








Honorary Delepates ®ve seeiy) enn, TORR? Neues Saas 65 

Speakers SNL CHS OD REE TEINS Nie Say Ae Srv, 
Executive Committee and Secretaries of Student Volunteer 

Movement : ; ‘ . ; : . é : 41 

Business Committee and Officers of Convention . .  . 39 

Fraternal ‘Delegates: )) "ies tii th tives, |e cee in II 

Editors ‘and Press’ Representatives!’ . 0/2/07. ee 25 

6335 

Deduct for Names counted more than once . . . 140 

Total Bhi Ue el D AN foe iii Seana 6195 

Number of. Institutions. Represented. |< . / 4. See 


452 


MESSAGES TO THE CONVENTION 


From Caucutta, INDIA: 
First All India Women Students’ Conference with two delegates from 
China send greetings. 
ZACHARIAH, 


Tokyo, JAPAN: 
Blessing on Convention is the message through us conveyed; the Japanese 
are assuring Christ the victory. 
Rey. T. KacGawa. 


Carro, Ecyprt: 
Egypt unconsciously but really seeking Christian liberty and light. Needs 
leaders who can serve. Come. 
ZWEMER, SMITH. 


CONSTANTINOPLE, TURKEY: 
Greetings from daily intercessory group. Baffling possibilities. Help 
needed. 
FRIENDS IN TURKEY. 


Hono.tutu, Hawatt: 
We are remembering you in prayer, and trust that the gathering may 
be a great spiritual inspiration to the students of your college generation. 
Lioyvp R. Kitiam. 


Buenos Arres, ARGENTINE: 
With earnest hopes that you will have a gathering of such spiritual 
significance, that it will be an inspiration to all the Student body. 
D. Acosta. 


Lonpon, ENGLAND: 
Hearty good wishes from British Movement. 
TATLOw. 


GERMANY: 

Remembering with deep gratitude your most generous help, we send you 
all Christmas greetings and New Year’s wishes, convinced beyond doubt that 
with your brotherly help we shall be able to conquer the hopelessly increas- 
ing suffering of the German students, 

(Signed) SELF-HELP BuREAU OF THE GERMAN STUDENT UNION. 
453 


454 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


Paciric Coast CONFERENCE: 

Over 300 students send cordial greetings to Indianapolis Convention at 
climax of a very successful conference. If enthusiasm of your convention 
increases proportionate to that of ours, surely its influence will be felt in every 
part of the world. Read Colossians 2-10: ‘And in Him ye are made full 
who is the head of all principalities and power.” 


MARSHALL, TEXAS: 
African students send greetings. Pray help Africa. Acts 16:9 (And a 
vision appeared to Paul in the night: There was a man of Macedonia standing, 
beseeching him, and saying, Come over into Macedonia, and help us.) 
Nxkomo. 


The Filipino delegates now attending the Ninth Quadrennial Convention 
of the Student Volunteer Movement of America have caught the spiritual 
message of the Convention now in session. We recognize the great task of 
evangelizing the world in this present generation. We feel our responsibility 
and obligation; and desiring to do our share in the tremendous task of the 
Student Volunteer Movement, we have organized the “Filipino Students Chris- 
tian Movement in America’? whose aim shall be to promote cooperation among 
the Filipino students of America in deepening their spiritual life, in promoting 
their social welfare in this country, and to lend vital support to any move- 
ment that is in sympathy with Christian progress in the Philippines. 


WHEREAS: We have derived a great spiritual message from this 
present Convention, a message which concerns the advancement of Christianity 
in the Philippines in particular and the world in general, and 


WHEREAS: We deeply realize that the need for Christian leadership 
in the Philippines is just as urgent as in other countries, 


THEREFORE: In behalf of the Filipino Christian Movement in Amer- 
ica we wish to express our sincere appreciation for the privilege of attending 
this Convention,,and to present our desire that the Student Volunteer Movement 
of America will find it possible to grant us a voice in every Quadrennial Con- 
vention of the Student Volunteer Movement, a privilege which heretofore has 
not been extended to Filipinos. 

The Committee, 
Rurino N. Macacpa, Chairman. 
Marcetino T. Finuya, Member. 
(Miss) Acapitra A. OBatpo, Member. * 


SAILED VOLUNTEERS FOR 1914 


In the table abbreviations have been used as follows: C=College; H =Hospital; M =Medical; N =Normal; 
S$ =Secondary School; T=Theological; Trs=Bible, Deaconness and Missionary Training School; U =University; 
v=Volunteered at. 


*Volunteers sailed before 1914; names reported here for the first time. 


NAME INSTITUTIONS FIELD MISSIONARY AGENCY 








Abraham, Ralph Lee............ grace U, Oberlin ly ..). uses als Atricg algae American Board 
Abraham, Clara M. Noderer 

MINI TER) sd tai earn, Sian meet ble vOperlin eae an imate maar waaie Africa 4.5} American Board 
Adams, Archibald Guinness....... v Denison U, Newton T........... Chinas 3/53 Amer. Bap. For. Miss. Soc. 
Adams, Olive O. Mason (Mrs. ' 

7 AGW OS tS Ree See GHEE Scuees v Denison U, Gordon Trs.......... Ching... Amer. Bap. For. Miss. Soc. 
Ammerman, Helen B............. v Kennedy ira tes) 1 Ga ce China..... Reformed Church in U. S. 
ANGETSON Wy Las POTCEE oss everdle sists ares P Vanderbilt Uvand, Tie ioe s cs 6 Korea..... Methodist Episcopal, South 
Anderson, Florie Betts (Mrs. L. P.) »v Woman's C of Due West....... 2 ECOTED ss) 0\0\5 Methodist Episcopal, South 
Anderson, Sidney Raymond...... Polytechnic C (Texas), » Vanderbilt 

Bi Bi AT vet Thar eed rine eh China..... Methodist Episcopal, South 
Ankeney, Alfred...............2. Heidelberg U, » Central T...... (tee PADABS ele ble Reformed Church in U.S 
*Arthur, James Hillcoat.......... vo U of Wooster, Western T (Pitts- 

, oh eg-d a) PhP INL WUINLs Mek pa DUE HE PLU ER paratrAN Ching oy. Presbyterian, U.S. A. 

Bair Diancne Rosas es ieee: + 6 v Central Holiness U, Chicago Evan. 
Tree MN etiale tugs plate plete Korea..... W.F. M.S. Meth. Epis. 

Balderston, Esther Alsop......... Pa. State N (West Chester), » Wel- 

i lesley C, Kennedy Trs.......... Japan... Friends Assn., Phila. 
Bates, Mary Kezia.............. Butler C, Oberlin C. v Beil Memorial 

Ses TOCA TS: EM esa miiabetials fale «/cte win 913.4 ete Africa..... American Board 

Beard, Millie Shaver............. Peace.S, Columbia Ui ies ese ees China vue Presbyterian, South 
Beaton, Kenneth John........... v Victoria C, U of Toronto......... Chinal) 2.4 Methodist Ch., Canada 
cy Vie Mary Lavina Borton i 

GMA Teel Bos) atuusiseree daraimawle eis WACEOTIa CRM Naa atsislataiele ets iets ls’ a\bielere China..... Methodist Ch., Canada 
Beck; Karl Herberus.en. ss ss)bs @ TLCIGEIDETE Wiis «els oboe tla diel e!0 tas China..... Reformed Church in U. S. 
Beekman, Edna Knapp. ohh ocis ets 9 New York Citys Ns bo. ce ies, ove Ching a7 Reformed Church in Amer. 
Belcher, Harold Blanchard........ v Dartmouth C, Harvard U.....:.. Chinaver er American Board 
Benson, John Leonard............ Upsala C, U of Chicago, »v Augustana \ 

scp lat Rte ra atalie veleretortiata ahs chs ovecg oeaG China..... Augustana Synod 
Bergamini, John Van Wie........ Cooper Institute, » Columbia U.... China..... American Board 
Best, Dr. Albert Edward......... v Victoria C, U of Toronto M...... Chinaleen. Methodist Ch., Canada 
Best, Li acid J, Taylor (Mrs. j i 

TR UO OS Hd ee AS en Oe a # Toronto Nye aeitieieletets makemis aratnisree China...) Methodist Ch., Canada 
BillsmPearl' Adele aini.ic cities. sielels'» 4 Tanstate, Teachers iyo Wein tl os S. Amer... Methodist Episcopal 
Birge, John Kingsley ns. oc elides Yale U, Kennedy Trs..... 2.0.0 Turkey.... American Board 
Birge, Anna Harlow (Mrs. J. K.).. Wellesley C, » New York Trs...... Turkey.... American Board 
Boettiger, Louis Angelo.......... vU of Tilinois i Syrian Protestant College 
Bompas, John George G.......... v Manitoba U and T i Presbyterian Ch., Canada 
Booth, Hugh St. Leger........... v Hamilton C : Viv Mg Galan 
BOWES wag LOUs cats sic 's's «ies Newberry C, Lutheran Trs (Balti- 

TTIOTE) ie gaia a ehertata eianeie Peel eee alsin ie sib iave Un. Syn. Evan. Luth. Ch. So. 
Boyles, James Richard........... PiAsbiiry Crea y eee eer ara te te ira teen urma.... Methodist Episcopal 
BraGley Mito PACe' ss) ehlett cis cies ¢ sce DiSte TAME Sued rae aya eae isla avalerctsys Ghinayt ior. Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
Brewster, Mary Rebecca..... .. Wittenberg C, v Ohio Wesleyan U.. China..... ; 
Bridgewater, Gertrude Mary vy Chicago Evan. Trs. Taylor U..... China..... W. F. M.S. Meth. Epis. 
*Brown, Iva Gertrude........... v Simpson C, Asbury Meth. H Min- i 

neapolis), Chicago Evan. Trs.... China..... National Holiness Assn. 
Brown, Mark Weber............. Scio |G, Drew Listticievangisvess cteaieiets China....... Methodist Episcopal 
Brown, Ocie L. Rentch (Mrs. , i : 

ESA VV 2) MTSE CON ec te DISCIO Gal lits, o ale atbuclesreiatatcuisestt «, etawls China sens. Methodist Episcopal 
Browne, (ZOO ys Wasa ass eis scare Doane S, Denison U, » Rochester T. India..... Amer. Bap. For. Miss. Soc. 
Bryan, Mildred Thorne (Mrs. Denison U,o Baptist Woman’s Trs. ‘ 

DIAVIA) Seater ttae eeale oe eee ae (Louisville) Bi NERA tol helabe beta mc EO Pate China.:.:. Southern Baptist Con. 
Bryce, George Parity, tiai ea 2! s\.s vU of Toronto, Knox T, U of Chi- 

neha N. Y. Sch. of Philan., Colum- 

EY OPE OUI Ra eA ARS ae rn PE India's, .):\. YuiM.Ci A’ 

Bryce, Lucy W. Robinson (Mrs. aceait Ladies C, Ottawa S, v U of \ 
1 een CaN yy eee He et eR TTOTOntO Were rae We lecdace eratilearat ie India ticic } 
Buchanan, Elizabeth Oliver....... 9 So. Presbyterian Civ bs set Japan..... Presbyterian, South | 
Buchwalter, Mary Ellen.......... v Christian Alliance Trs (Nyack)... China..... Chris. and Miss. Alliance 
Campbell, William Alexander..... TV 1Ctoria © seat se eyelets Hate Wh a lelereiere Japan... 5. Methodist Ch., Canada 
Caris, Clara Arminda............ Central Holiness U, Ohio Northern { 
ROMA VION) Us iy sete elere in elsiauaie cies Garter Wa er W. F. M.S. Meth. Epis. 

Carlson, Annie Emelia........... v por Park C, Covenant H (Chi- ‘ 

AO) EM Srey Rat Ses alata sie iciel diel aoventalsvalal a Alaska.... Swed. Miss. Cov. of Amer. 
Carman, Newton Hanscomb...... v Wesien U, Rochester T......... China..... Amer. Bap. For. Miss. Soc. 
Carter, Omie Eleanor............ hes Nervine Asylum H, v Gordon i 

WE RINE OIME e Oaele Malaya ls issadslale ie rete India..... Woman’s Baptist F. M. S. 
Sati sora vesectere cet «tis ee iesbie oye v Obertin CURE aa talv's'e cha ivi otrsobls S. Amer... Methodist Fhcveihe 
Clark, Richard McCord.......... v Y. M. C. A. Trs (Chicazgo)....... S. Amer... Y.M.C.A 
Coan, Elizabeth Veech........... U of Wooster, v Wellesley C....... ite AEP, Presbyterian, U.S.A 
Colberg, Hannah Johnson........ v Gustavus Adolphus C........... China..... Swed. Miss. Cov. of eee 
Coleman, Fred Leroy............ v Muhlenberg, C Lutheran T (Phila.) pane ey Ae Evan. Luth. Ch, of N. A 
Cook, Stella Mildred............. # Middlebury. i\ Gyros fabh one ke China..... American Board 


456 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 





NAME INSTITUTIONS FIELD MISSIONARY AGENCY 
Crawford, Raymond Noyes....... Williams C, Rochester T, vU of ‘ 
Chicagomlinaccanecseerae eric Burma.... Amer. Bap. For. Miss. Soc. 
Cruikshank, Edna seh eeyetr ruin Truro S, Presbyterian Trs (Toronto) Korea..... Presbyterian Ch., Canada 
Culley, Mabelle Rebecca......... Philadelphia N, Temple U, Drexel t 
Institute sian iiaont ewan ca aces Chinaayee. Woman’s Baptist F. M.S. 
Curtice; | Lois\Katecsi ise cies ek Geis v Mt. Holyoke C, Kennedy Trs.... Japan..... W. F. M.S. Meth. Epis. 
Daniel, Jerome Walter........... U of Texas, v Vanderbilt U T...... S. Amer... Methodist Episcopal, South 
Daniels, Mabel Ruth............ gy Faiiisdale, Gelrtiae OA Oe Nne mae aate Indias 2 ae Amer. Bap. For. Miss. Soc. 
Darst, Margaret Martha......... Bureka Ci\o Drake Ure eeer ances Chistian ve © For. Christian Miss Soc. 
Davenport, Dorothy............. N. Y. Trng. Sch. for Teachers, New i : 
York U, Teachers C (N. Y. C.)... China..... Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
Davidson, Frances Emily......... No. Ill. State N (De Kalb), v Lake E 
Forest C, Los Angeles Trs....... Napanee. Presbyterian, U. S. A. 
Davis, Norman Wilfred D......... v Moody Trs, McMaster U, Mechan- : 
ics Institute (Rochester)........ Sudan Interior 
Dawsey, Cyrus Bassett.......... Oi Wolord (Cee euiielan cities s ... Methodist  Epierone! South 
Dean, Samuel Marable Ag Pas State! Ce va eaten i Y.M.C.A 
Dick, Sarah May...:...... v Otterbein U. Bonebrake T I United Brethren A 
Dickey, Harry Elverton.......... v Wittenberg C, Hamma T........ ha aeD wipe Evan. Luth., 
Dieterich, Dr. Frederick Henry.... Columbia U,v Cof Pand§$ (N.Y.C.) China..... Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
Drier, Will Hoelscher............ a Des Momes Cia sivas cee ane Hawail.... Y. M.C.A. 
Dunkelberger, Sadie............. v Bible Teachers Trs (N. Y. C.).... China..... United Evan. Church 
Durst, Leon Hermans 2075.5 00 522). Urol) Dexdsiae aes naar a ate atis Turkey.... Robert College 
Dysland, Clara Annette.......... Wis. State N (Stevens Point), v St. ; : 
OlaF Cara Wee ae tS ee Mad sani United Nor. Luth Church 
Eakin, Ruth Olmstead........... v U of Wooster, Kennedy Trs...... Siat. nis) ae Presbyterian, U. S. A. 
Earle, Isaac Newton, Jr.......... v Bucknell U, U of Chicago T...... Philippines Amer. Bap. For. Miss. Soc. 
ere Hannah R, Glover (Mrs. mis 
RON BEA GeO hey eae ree Bsr UR ana v Northfield S, Bucknell U......... Philippines Amer. Bap. For. Miss. Soc. 
Badings: Vaan Vie nae cii ieee loveto v Los Angeles Bes ene ic ok AUK S. Amer... 
*Edwards, Wayne Steele......... vo Diiok Kansas UC tate, umn lee .- Philippines Government School 
Fanning, Katherine Farr......... v Wellesley C, Chicago Sch. of Civics f 
anid Philaniis atau eines tele at erecta Japanee.t: American Board 
*Pacri, Willardarlc ei incaoelelaniere ue yiPenn Cue ahicctefetalsiolale eee mua icine Jamaica... American Friends 
Fedde, Dr. Gabriel Martin....... # St. Olaf C, Cornell UM... ...... Chimaierer. United Nor. Luth. Church 
Few, Carrrevent sn seee ernie v Gordon Trs, Moody Trs......... Korea..... Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
Fisher, Rovyalitatehe sn ceiiave sje ies Kalamazoo C, U of Chicago, v Ober- 4 
lintel) Rochester) Taya aise Wapatiovicas Amer. Bap. For. Miss. Soc. 
Fisher, Josephine B. Wray (Mrs. 

REL a vararhan teehee aa rea lay letG Arnot Ogden H, v Oberlin C....... Japaneses Amer. Bap. For. Miss. Soc. 
Fey, Raymond Chester......... v McPherson C, Bethany Trs...... Chinaven se ‘Church of the Brethren 
Forbes, Harry Stewart........... v U of Toronto, Knox Dathatsiee tinned. Chinati-.ic. Presbyterian Ch., Canada 
*Fraker, Charles Frederic........ Colorado) Cua ee perenne Philippines Amer. Bap. For. ‘Miss. Soc. 
*Frank, Marian Field............ Grinnell C, Chicago Trs er AS aa aR China..... W. F. M.S. Meth. Epis. 
Frantz irda ermine enveyeaile ise Miami U, Wittenberg C, v Ohio 

Wesleyan NG (UR RAE Nat i AIS ett Chinas. W. F. M.S. Meth. Epis. 
Fraser, Edward James........... Dalhousie U, v Presbyterian T (Hali- 
, fax) OU er ee ae el Korea..... Presbyterian Ch., Canada 
*Rreematiy Mat kai aac John B. Stetson U, vU of Puget 
wait pound, Oberlin © yg es telelaielens! ale avarice Methodist Episcopal 
Fulton, Dr. Phillip Randall....... vU of California, U of Wisconsin, U ; 
Wd ‘ oL (Minnesota shai eae get ate Chinas... Presbyterian, U. S. A. 
*Ganton, William Mervin......... v Presbyterian T (Montreal), Tor- 

f onto Dirsss Aes POM eed S. Amer... Evan. Union of S. Amer. 
Garcia; Howard Alan cies ck v Wilberforce U, Payne T.......... Africa se ous African M. E. Church 
Gardner, Gwendolen............. VOLO T Oronto seiow als lelaaie eels ieee Tardiae Sinan Presbyterian Ch., Canada 
*Gates, Beryl Frances............ oO Mty HolvokeiCurne neuen cece: Indiana 
Gish lits Banal isonet seth te o BurekaliC Vale Ups ee China 4s For. Christian Miss. Soc. 
Gocker)\Mariauty itor tse abies ee v North Western C, Evangelical T... Africa..... Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
Goodwin, Conrad Harrison....... Richmond C, » U of Virginia, Prot. D 

Episs dy (Vat) hamcalmie sae wae Ghassan Protestant Episcopal 
Graham, Katherine Ethel........ DKNORI CUE Ae Meroe esate tone ae Japan sc. se Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
Guptill, Roger Stillman.......... Bates GiolBostonUiens een he. Africasione Methodist Episcopal 
Haass, Lily Katherine..:........ Wis. State N (Whitewater), » U of 

‘Wisconsin Si) Wa ee ena ae China. 2a). Y.W. Cc A. 
Hadley, Mary W. Humphrey 

C Mire ae SB eure ae te ee o} Wellesley: Cubic sarcie an ewe eee eee China saan. Presbyterian, UsS. A. 
Hagberg, Levi Rudolph.......... oNorth: Park Cay ais vas aan S. Amer... Scandinavian Alliance 
Hagman, Dr. George Lewis....... Purdue U, » American Medical Mis- 

sionary C, Leland Stanford, Jr. U ake 
MB ily cous ial Sa ae Ais Un dice Re a Chinas... For. Christian Miss. Soc. 
Hagman, Ruby S. Ketcham (Mrs. 

GOD) SUR eae ewes v American Medical Missionary C.. China..... For. Christian Miss. Soc. 
Haist)) Virginia Pthelsijeceee.. wed v Northwestern U, Church Trs Phila. China..... Protestant Episcopal 
Halfpenny, Mary Lillian......... Hamline U, U of So. California, 

Calif. State N (Los Angeles), ! 
@ Ghicago/l rs saciade notin China 2.3/3; W. F. M.S. Meth. Epis. 
*Hamaker, Maud R. Parker (Mrs. 

Je Daten erea eee tied | v Randolph-Macon Woman’s C..... China..... Py 
Hamilton, Clarence Herbert...... WUVol Chicagogs iw panel ue salen China..... For. Christian Miss. Soc. 
Hanna, Alexander Carson... ..... Colgate U and »v T, U of Chicago T. Burma.... Amer. Bap. For. Miss. Soc. 


Hanson, Victor......... Aieiatetsleiboie v Buena Vista C, U of Chicago T... China..... Amer. Bap. For. Miss. Soc, 


SAILED LIST—IQI4 457 








NAME INSTITUTIONS FIELD MISSIONARY AGENCY 
Hanson, Lucia M. Parks (Mrs. 

IVACCOL) ciate tee 4 bead adores DICOMN STU ie ctorettsteiele acta ae China..... Amer. Bap. For. Miss. Soc. 
Harper, Arthur Edwin........... Colorado C, » Auburn T........... Tnidialyc. 2). Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
astis woln Davids... coun smite Wittenberg C, » Ohio Wesleyan U, 

Tews) Leen ee ee ee Ee Se India..... Methodist Episcopal 
Hassell, James Woodrow......... v Fredericksburg C, Union T (Rich- 
ie MOM) CM yasdias acetal sister later abot seats Japan’... Presbyterian, South 
Haugan, August William......... Concordia C ities) v United 
Nor. Lath, Church (Dien vals China..... United Nor. Luth. Church 
ST AWES, OUCZE Mi acinlectcieterere.< CVS EVES Te CM Opes Aan a ae Un Singapore, 
p ' S.S..... Methodist Episco pal 
Hay, Elizabeth Ellen............ Baptist Trs (Chicago) » Kalamazoo 
(Oi te Cd oA TTS am AO Shel Ete ae Indias. Woman's Baptist F. M. S. 
*Hedblom, Dr. Carl Arthur....... Fremont N (Neb.), »v Colorado C, 
HarvarduUi Misia vc uatn rire China 3:,/4). Harvard M. of China 
HHerriott; Anria Grace)... <. 00. 3: v Northfield S, Occidental C, San 
Branciscolrssciee oe lon ote te as Chi Presbyterian, U. S. A. 
Holder, Ida Marshall (Mrs. F B.). » Drake Uand M...... H i Amer. Bap. For. Miss. Soc. 
Hompland, Larssoaiyur a eriea v Augsburg C and T i Lutheran Free Church 
*Hoskins, Jeanette Ives.......... ei Goucheri Cur wee cians lees Syr: 
Howe, Raw Cane pee eee on, v ere City C, Western T (Pitts- 
5g 9 Were ten ret scr ta ciee eIeL ie ee hi Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
Howe, Almeda F. Baird (Mrs. Pa. "State N Ward ts ty Rock), Grove 

E. C.) Pie a ARR Eo Sie Cae City C,vU of Wooster.......... Chinalnee. Presbyterian, U. S. * 
Howe, Warren Francis........... # Ui of Denver uous does coven Raydiaie i et: Presbyterian, U.S.A 
*Howell, Virginia Jennie O........ MSCATTIL GIL TS hee MORN MEE fila ts cae S. Amer... Methodist Episcopal, ‘South 
Hoxie, Ella Crichton......0..+--. Kans. State N (Emporia), v Kans. 

StateiN Clays iiwiite oes okie etelecae Indias: American Board 
Hulbert, Jeanette Charlotte...... 7 Ohio Wesleyan Un icscccemesc aces Korea..... W. F. M.S. Meth. Epis. 
Hummel, Ruth E. Brookwalter.... v Otterbein U, Oberlin C, U of Chi- 
CARON ae tralatertiatestenare ter dacataue see Chinayscs American Board 

Hunt, Faith Amelia.............. Dakota Wesleyan U, v Chicago Trs. China..... W. F. M.S. Meth. Epis. 

Hunter, James Albert............ Bradley Poly. Inst., v U of Illinois.. China..... WeNVES CAL 

Idol, Eugene 1B Ye) at), Ee eta te ae @: Parle Cr) Pedi tal ce tke Ns Chilewern. lov Pb burn UsiSA: 

*Jackson, Glenn Edward......... UT COG Ch EMU ES. als) tameta leans Hawaii.... Y. CaAS 

ST atrett, MACUCL ei. a ey lene <siaee als 0 U of Texas, Scarritt Trs......... S. Amer... Methodint Episcopal, South 
r es dares Carne Lucie mii Mo. State N (Warrensburg) Bad eiar ai alde China... . Presbyterian, U.S. A. 

ennedy, Jennie Ruth........... v Randolph-Macon Woman's C..... S. Amer... 
Kilpatrick, Dorothy Hamilton.... v University C (Toronto).......... India’. > 2: Presbyterian Ch., Canada 
UGhaleg, LOE IDEN an d OG OMen aan Die vU of Michigan, Teachers C 
, CNY SiG) Ea eee a Cele e rons China... Methodist Episcopal 

Kinsey, William Frederick........ v Mt. Union C, Boston U T........ Philippines Methodist Episcopal 

Kitzmiller, Albanus Blaine....... OME none wine ee eee oe eas Malaysia.. Methodist Episcopal 

Kopp, Vernon Albert............ giGCentral\C; Gnd. thecotoeie wens Africas itt D. F. F. Miss. Soc. U. B. 

Kurtz, Jack Krissinger........... v Pennsylvania C, Union T (N.Y.C.) Japan..... Y.M.C.A 

Lacy, George Carlton............ v Ohio Wesleyan U, Garrett, Teen: China..... Methodist 1 Episcopal 

*Landes, Maud Mary............ @ Northfield'S see cine tied es S. Amer.. 

Langston, La Rue Wirt........... Furman U, v So. Baptist T........ S. Amer... Southern Baptist Con. 

Larsen, Edna Lenore............. v Northwestern Trs, Moody Trs.... China..... China Inland 

Letheridge, Sadie Jane..#9). 34... .' Loronto U, 9 Toronto) Pre. eis... Chinas Presbyterian Ch., Canada 

Long, Eula L. Kennedy (Mrs. F. 

i 8) Role crea Ah RR ACO a RE v Randolph-Macon Woman’s C..... S. Amer... Methodist Episcopal, South 
Longshore, Faith M. Scott (Mrs. ; 

Wilton eee ie cals eins Ui of' so. California siijatuls ss + ... S. Amer... Methodist Episcopal 
McCain, Elizabeth Irene......... Woman's C of Due West, v Erskine 

C, Bible Teachers Trs (N. Y. C.). China..... Presbyterian, South 
McClements, Albert Frederick.... Colgate U, v Princeton T.......... S. Amer... Presbyterian, U. S. A. 
McClure, Helen Frances.......... _ Parsons we Bible Teachers Trs 
CN Ya GOue sient seat eee tn Siam shs Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
McGlashan, Archibald David..... v William Jewell C, hee rLiseeh Rina skis. Amer. Bap. For. Miss. Soc. 
McIntosh, Veta Jones (Mrs. E. A.) ane ‘Trs, v Calif. State N (San 
LOSE) Hee vatvenene save ae ated ctaheieed aie aie as Alaska.... Government School 
Mehaey Dinan picts seis aieciss v Rs Gland Ts sar indals - Ching... Presbyterian Ch., Canada 
*McVey, Georgia Johnetta....... wi Monmouth Comer ie). cisternae a sie Egypt..... United Presbyterian 
Macdonald, James Clarke........ Dalhousie U,» Presbyterian T (Hal- 
Gfax) Ch eae ee are chp ota oie ate ates re Trinidad. . Presbyterian Ch., Canada 
Manchester, Paul Thomas........ gars Coane apie was lam ance tae S. Amer... Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
Mann, Delbert Martin........... v Northwestern State N (Okla.).... Turkey.... Robert College 
Martin, James Victor..........-. Cornell C, 9 U of Chicago......... Japaniss sei Methodist Episcopal 
Martin, Esther B. Ludwig (Mrs. : t 

SAVED tetas Blt ecctnaync (els et wlstevet sans DewPattwilieivats muvee tsi ers alas slain ei eee rayon Methodist Episcopal 
Mather, Asher King............. Denison U, » U of Chicago......... ndiat. es American Board 
Maxwell, Charlotte Maud........ v Epworth Evan. Trs (St. Louis) . Siata ec ss Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
Meadows, Marion Talbot........ v Louisiana Industrial Institute, U 

of the!SouthisceGea asses ences S. Amer... Protestant Episcopal 
Aid fol abel Ac Aiea pICINO OR eae a Moody Trs, v So. Baptist T........ S. Amer... Southern Baptist Con. 
Mickey, Margaret Portia......... Obériin' Cora eee oa. clk eee ens Chinas ener American Board 
Miller, William Charles. ..... » Grand Island C, Ottawa U, U of _- 

Chica goulpmrprn istic dere socal Chinas... American Board 
Miller, Katie E. Gates (Mrs. W.C.) Denison U, » Baptist Trs (Chicago). China..... American Board 
Millholland, Paul...........++.++ v Ohio Wesleyan U, Lewis Institute, j 

Northwestern U, ‘Garrett T...... India wee Methodist Episcopal 


MMS MDOLODEY seine! eet microns ope is feos 9 Wellesiey/ Cees 4.) feidae sa een va China..... Protestant Episcopal 


458 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 








NAME INSTITUTIONS FIELD MIssSIONARY AGENCY 
Moodie, Laura Isobel F........... 7 Uiof Loronto,. Ml. os teenie eyHLELCIA viet = ots Presbyterian Ch., Canada 
Moody, Joseph Edgar............ v State U of Kentucky, Transylvania 2 
WAT OO REA aie See, Gereteia wie Tndians sss For. Christian Miss. Soc. 
Moody, Emma L. Hiteman (Mrs. Dit J 
Js Bee) abeiratele reeiete elate a ciate ticles *o Transylvania Ui Lesa due sinreerec India soa. For. Christian Miss. Soc. 
Morgan; Vernon Vier sicitsiais secisiet tle v Los Angeles Trs........... idiseye S. Amer... 
Morrow, Edgar Keer............. vOhio Wesleyan U, Columbia U, | MeN k 
Union TUNE Vieo ee aah els China...:. Methodist Episcopal 
Morrow, Grace Brinkerhoff (Mrs. f > 
i 7 Wy PRPS Cea ee fad rt ete A Ohio Wesleyan Ui. jae iccaweeiettecntsi sss China'siste Methodist Episcopal 
* Morse, Elizabeth .2/).0 ¢ sic see v Mt. gt hae C, Bible Teachers Trs 
CN GY EC Woman’s M (Phila.)*) Africas...a. Africa Inland 
*Morse, Dr. John Ferdinand...... y Minn. State N (Mankato), Battle : 
Creek H, Amer. Medical Missy. C. Porto Rico 
Myers, Mary. Ee eaeahize cates orientale v Beidler and Selman H,Kennedy Trs China..... Reformed Church in U. S. 
Neilson Apnesicnty itis ciniiteisie caterers Temple U, v Gordon Trs.......... Burma.... Woman’s Baptist F. M. S. 
Nisbet, Sade Ashton............. Synodical iC Pye e se ate ines cre cre Ching sas Presbyterian, South 
TNOV eS WATICE DCAM EN wrctuaiers ay reraitieulern om aie ah giecl oly otal ete ntenvnee heel stale Koreans 4 
Nute, William Laubach.......... v Phillips S (Andover), Yale U..... Turkey.... American Board — 
Oltmans, Cornelia Janet.......... 9 ODE Ce Ue Mise tle fate Japan..... Reformed Church in Amer. 
Osgood) Marion i aye dastcunsion ¢ Calif, “State N (San Jose), Leland 
Stanford, Jr. ce y National Y. W. 
C. A. Trs CNA Sane cic wit Japan)... Y. 'W.C. A. 
Parmelee, Dr. Ruth Azniv........ v Oberlin C, Armercan Medical Mis- d 
sionary CCR eR Taal Turkey.... American Board 
Payne, Ada Martha D. M........ Albert C, v Peterborough N (Ont.) 
Methodist Trs (Doronto) ese oe AVAL welsh Wom. S. Meth. Ch., Can. 
Pedree Allene avai cisa aesie tele cs Caldwell C, » Scarritt Trs......... Oreal cals Methodist Episcopal, South 
Pence, Owen Earle............-. oO Of Tikkomuene ire my amr Turkey.... Y.M.C.A. 
Phelps OtHel sorcerer ac tah aiaaale v Calif. State N (San Jose), Baptist ; ; 
Tre (Chicago) seston Lee Ske Philippines Amer. Bap. For. Miss. Soc. 
Picken, Woucy, Lillian vane ees cians sis v Sa State N (Hays), Kans. State 
pi ee eae Colorado C, Teach- d 
. f ers \OKNG VG eee oe Bere eas India ots ae American Board 
Dike, Bessie Brieng tii Mis tian sles Low Anpeles Trait ui) vuiun ab suuhal China..... 
Poole, Carrie Mabel iiccen J. as ois Cincinnati Trs, Ohio Wesleyan U... Japan..... W. F. M.S. Meth. Epis. 
Potts, Anna Hortense............ Ohio Northern U, » Otterbein U. ; 
Kennedy, "Prsi,') snl saverenwier cele China ees United Brethren 
Preston, Loucinda Hinshaw (Mrs. : . 

Tiles RCN VER ra Rea tela cy ol D Pare a een ae nivale ita eae Siam...... Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
Proebstel, LCSECT tN) aint aren she aia en @ Willamette Usdin aia oy vere Lage eebowe Methodist Episcopal 
Randall, Ruth Meredith.......... v Baptist Woman’s Trs (Louisville). S. Amer... Southern egies Con. 
Reid, pointes aneaiertdetieye ne ietslss v Ohio Wesleyan U, Cincinnati Trs.. S. Amer... W. F. M.S. Meth. Epis. 
Reisner, Jonn Mentye waa. ae oNale U,Cornell Agri Cin eg China. 92's: Nanking Ghivcut 
Rice, Ray Everette saan ciate sss Fairmount C,vU of f Nobrasks aa saile India ovis at For. Christian Miss. Soc. 
Rice, Rachel M. Thomas (Mrs. vU of Nebraska, C of Missions 

RA Bat alaton Taha elspa chatete oane Cndianapolis) hie sae eka India.)iicj.4 For. Christian Miss. Soc. 
Roberts vOnnuRct wariaices oie e P,CoesG es UR notin emIes, ateeeuited Syria wee Syrian Protestant College 
Roberts, Susan Ada............. U of Missouri, » Kennedy Trs...... Seise Salat Woman's Baptist F. M. S. 
Roberts, William Henry, Jr....... 9 U, of Rochester (a Paatirne eee ee Burma.... Amer. Bap. For. Miss. Soc, 
Roberts, William Payne........... v Yale U, Episcopal T (Cambridge). China..... Protestant Episcopal 
Robinson, TOUISG L) Vele eka a eserany Athens, CU of Alabama, Scarritt 

TEES eR atlaR is ext as aie ciel eeenore ecole ie Ghing von. Methodist Episcopal, South 
Robinson, Muriel Edith.......... v Northwestern U, Ohio Wesleyan U India..... W. F. M.S. Meth. Epis. 
Ross tA daisies. i aun dada eet ¢ olUntiversity, Ce Udectudicic sinensis China esos Presbyterian Ch., Canada 
ee Dr. Zoena M. Sutton N. Y. State N (Buffalo), »U of : 

CMS Gryiantaetieaa alee Michigan) Mey aye) a ee India..... Chris. Woman’s Board M. 
Rubright, ‘Caroline Blanche....... v' Ohio Wesleyan U). 00 Jc asada S. Amer... W. F. M.S. Meth. Epis. 
TRUSCiD, searette ie nueastaa vers oWNorthheld'S: 0 Jlcslncta nd care tebe Ching tena. 

Sadler, George Washington....... Richmond C, v So. Baptist T...... Africa. ...% Southern Baptist Con. 
Salisbury, Dr. Clarence Grant..... v Uesee a (Brooklyn), Lying-in H, 2 

C.), C of P. and S. (Boston) Chindess ae Presbyterian, U. S. A. 
Salisbury, Cora H. Burrows (Mrs. ssi Trs (Brooklyn), Phila. Sch. 
OE 8 YEAH Allyn} Sata sf an pull para ie Se for Nurses). Vie isa a eats & cee Ching 23s Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
Schaefer, Roland Tobias......... v Baldwin-Wallace C, Nast T...... China..... Methodist Episcopal 
au Se Esther H. Beyer (Mrs. " 

at WB) 9p pe gnc tow RATE a Me EER v Baldwin Wallace C............0. China wise Methodist Episcopal 
Schilling, Mary H. Collins (Mrs. ; 

George) re sn castes @ Wooster tL Ok sie Ueecie ariesicoteiid oe S..Amer... Methodist Episcopal 
*Schulta, Allan iT Arion erceigencen ?/ Loronto Lrauicias welea estes kienier Africatit. 4) 

*Schultz, Alice Leach (Mrsv Ayu.) 0.9) Loronto Irs thes pisiee nests tieerel ciate AEtiCay orale 
Schuyler, Bark iuttle.. eee) ss MWLANer LA ewer ye wees erates «ite je Endid.c uns Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
*Schweitzer, Edna Mae.......... Northwestern C, v Chicago Musical 

COE ey thee eka it leah areata Ait a aie Japan....> W. M.S. Evan. Assn. 
Scott, Carey Judson............. © Denison osc bine bn sok aul youn S dette z 
Scots; Wiilinmvin ac meena eo Queens U, v Westminster Hall..... orea..... Presbyterian Ch., Canada 
Scott, Katie McKee (Mrs. William) » Westminster Hall...........++-. Korea..... Presbyterian Ch., Canada 
Seagrave, Rachel Holbrook....... © Denison) U ait minietueane clove creme Burma.... Amer. Bap. For. Miss. Soc. 
Search, Blanche Theresa......... v Pa. State N (E. Stroudsburg)..... Chinavse.. W. F. M.S. Meth. Epis. 
Shipley, Mang tis said aie ecvay See v Presbyterian Trs (Toronto)...... Chinas. 1... Pteterinn Ch., Canada 
Short, Samuel McClellan......... o Albright Os. 5a Vee etd ards scierobetarsts China..... United Evan. Church 
Shumate, Margie Mabel.......... v Virginia Intermont C, Baptist 


Woman's Trs (Louisville)........ China.... Southern Baptist Con. 


SAILED LIST—IQI4 459 











NAME INSTITUTIONS FIELD MISSIONARY AGENCY 
Sims, James Grover. ... 62.2006. v U of Alabama, New York U...... doce Sida 4 Methodist Episcopal, South 
Smilie, Benjamin Stewart......... U of Toronto, »v Knox Ti) sec. ss. ndia'.).'... Presbyterian Ch., Canada 
Mine WClaTA Eligns ack celeere ls v Dickinson C, Chicago Trs........ China..... W. F. M.S. Meth. gt 
Smith, Harriet Newell........... v Moody Trs, Evanston H......... Chinas ser. Woman's Baptist F. M. S. 
Smith, Malcolm Percival......... Albert C, v Victoria Cand T....... China....: Methodist Ch., Canada 
Smith, Wilbert Barnes........... vU of Pennsylvania, New York U.. India..... Y.M.C.A. 
Pate, Elizabeth Tyler (Mrs. W. 9 Woes A Bible’ Teachers Trs l 
2, Hie AAR hoe OE Curse une AONE) aad Oe Manan An Fa rea a 
chen BeGrace. ee ocr eae Neb. State N (Wayne), » North Park ! 
Parkas ster ctetanic vers ate ced China anus. paves Nuts Evan. Luth. 
yno 
Soltau, Theodore Stanley......... v Northwestern U, Princeton T..... Korea..... Presbyterian, U. S. A. 
SSO VAS ESTE WAT ids iulaletekeule wrepevehe. ae Augustana C, vSt. Olaf C, United 
Noraiauth. Church i Gee venaaye China tis. United Nor. Luth. Church 
Speers, Dr. Ada Belle............ Winnipeg N, v U of Toronto M. ie, Baie eh Wom. S. Meth. Ch., Can. 
Speers;Peter) Carters eh eye. # Prigcaton Uf. i's Syeda eae LY Edit cd Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
*Steiner, Ezra Bradford.......... v Hedding C, Union Trs (Brooklyn) India Dapsacs Mennonite 
*Steiner, Elizabeth Geiger (Mrs. 
Ea Yecaltia ape aie. the Stes witara thal atSria'a v Central Mennonite C (Ohio)...... Fadia: Mennonite 
*Stephenson, Gladys Ruth........ v Pomona C, Calif. State N (Los 
ANGELES) Named i adalu saute halal whale Turkey.... American Board 
Story, Frederick William E....... Portage la Prairie S, Brandon N 
(Man.);\9;Doronto Drse es ou. S. Amer... San Pedro Mission 
Ponca dan Edna M. Fallis (Mrs. F. 
AWW eadordic slats elt diereiate eye teiciatere ates v Toronto Trs, Victoria C......... S. Amer... San Pedro Mission 
*Stotts, ‘James MacMilan ©. ....i3.. Wwneaton C(I) oes ceecte nlc ct China 
Strothard, Altice Olivia's. sesaiws v Mt. Allison Ladies’ C... Wom. S. Meth. Ch., Can. 
Swaney, Dennis David........... wy Carthage. Coil cgivaac ocle's sisieleinnts i wis} Ue itr Evan. Luth., 
Matta ACO OYsccihielevelals ove’ sss v Hollins C, Bible Teachers Trs 
; (N,, Y. C. , hal re ehenetas whsttte tale arslaney China. ..).'. 
ayior ors Jonn Calvin vse. <tere v Kans. State Agrl. C, American Sch. 
of Osteopathy, Pacific M......-. India..... Reformed Presbyterian 
Thomas, Judith Edna............ v Mt. Union C, U of Wooster...... Philippines W. F. M. S. Meth. Epis. 
Thomson, Herbert Fergus........ v McGill U, Bible Teachers Trs ) 
CARY Co) eee desaate tal ls eee olathe China? .3.). Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
a ameoes: Eleanor C. Logan (Mrs. Mt. Holyoke C, » eas C, Bible 
Fy En ORS es. hee Reels og Teachers Trs (N. Y SiC) eeeraratcln as China..... Presbyterian, U. S. A. 
Tipton, Dr. Samuel Powell....... v U of Mississippi, J efferson M..... Korea..... Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
POWs EL elGM a Bei Siocon atic aes te < TF Oberlin | Cyne Seve isa late ialeids Chinas’) .2'; American Board 
Tuttle, William Nathaniel........ v Grinnell C, Union T (N.Y.C)..... Chinasyiae Y.M. GC. A. 
Net Deusen, Courtland Calvin, y Mt. Hermon S, Princeton: U, i 
MT A Dae Oi irae wife site acts See cies Acca tigrn (ay literate epee aol Chinas. .:: Presbyterian, U.S 
tee Horn; Clarence Eugene...... v Des Moines C, Colgate T........ Burma.... Amer. Bap. For. iiss, Soc. 
MATCWlattra do witht. cna stees « 5 Mt Hoivolke Gussie ee sks se China..... American Board 
Warner, Bran Bradford. 4 o's .)s.< Amherst‘) Oberlin! Tati sore sieve China... .'s American Board 
Watson, Stephen Lawton......... v Furman U, So. Baptist T........ S. Amer... Southern Baptist Con. 
DWALEMIIAINCSL Sivan arts ataaid ee ace eels v Franklin and Marshall C, Prince- ' 
POM T es ee eee Pucitleie et lerarapetens kes India)... Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
Weaver, Dr. Florence Rebecca.... » Woman’s M (Phila.), Temple U, ‘ } 
Baptisty re Cenilat) oc. seats aiesieie eNCIA Hates Woman's Baptist F. M. S. 
White, Maxcy Gregg............. g Furman U, So. Baptist T........ S. Amer... Southern Baptist Con. 
White, Kate M. Cox (Mrs. M.G.) » Baptist Woman's Prs (Louisville). S. ees)! . Southern Baptist Con. 
Whitehead, Robert Lindsey....... PMO, Crcascninceeesosme ceaeae Cuba. .:.. Methodist Episcopal, South 
Wiegand, Marie Caroline......... Wis. State N (Milwaukee), » North 
Western C, U of Wisconsin...... Burma.... W. F. M.S. Meth. Epis. 
Wilcox, Alfred Churchill......... v'Cornell C, Iowa State C......--. China’: 5. pian M. CA 
Wilson, Augustus Albert.......... F TOONS TRB ee eee ALTICAS cela So. Africa at Miss. 
Wilson, Frances Regenia......... Newton N (Ia.), » Baker U, Wesley 
Memorial H (Chicago).......... Chinai.. .. W. FE. S. Meth. Epis. 
IWIOO, DOlA vin siete itis Meastis crakele: os ove v McKendree C, Chicago Trs...... Korea..... W.F. M. $ Meth. Epis. 
Woods, Agnes Lacy............-. v Mary Ballwin Geek es China tis ss Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
Worley, Harry Westcott.......... v Ohio Wesleyan U, Boston U T.... China..... Methodist Episcopal 


Worley, Zela C. Wiltsie (Mrs. e i 
ERSAW s)iasictovaraicte suatecatectets’svarc’e ste 3 9 Ohio Wesleyan, Us ss ss. ei srersiearis « China..... Methodist Episcopal 


W.) 
Yocum, Dr. Alfred Wolfe......... *#Baltimore Myo vies cece wecsceses China..... Southern Baptist Con. 


SAILED VOLUNTEERS FOR 1915 


In the table abbrevations have been used as follows: C=College; H=Hospital; M=Medical; N=Normal; 
S=Secondary School; T=Theological; Trs=Bible, Deaconess and Missionary Training School; U=University; 


v=Volunteered at. 


*Volunteers sailed before 1915; names reported here for the first time. 


NAME INSTITUTIONS FIELD MISSIONARY AGENCY 
Aalbu, Bernhard Magnus......... Baptist T (Christiania), » So. Bap- i 
EISti Dy eM che er pevumtte emery cyl Africa’... ete Baptist Miss Soc. 
Abbott; Edna May oues suisse «seis Ohio Wesleyan U........ Bahpemes Usdiasrcers W. F. M.S. Meth. Epis. 
Abel, Edith Florence............. Kans. State N (Emporia), Colo. i 
State N (Greeley), v Chicago Trs. China..... W. F. M.S. Meth. Epis. 
Abrahamsen, Signe.............. o. Moody Tretity sae niecieticcaeon China.... ee Evan. Luth. Free Ch., 
orway 
Adams, Hazel Marie............. v De Pauw U, Chicago Trs........ China 5.15. Wie Mes iC Meth. Epis. 
Adams, Pearl Margaret.......... 9 Occidental Coe te aecistctett ere, ale ndiae. Dyes U.S. A. 
Adolph, William Henry.......... v U of Pennsylvania and Grad...... China..... Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
AINSWoOTthy) red Joc).c side seams «ce 9 Victoria Coe ara te te iat Japan..... Methodist Ch., Canada 
Allen, Dhomasine;- toe see v oor C, Bible Teachers Trs Y 
CONEY Co) aaecurnetecealarebs eta eviseat Japan..... Am. Bap. For. Miss. Soc. 
Allstrom, Erik Waldemar......... ie N (Moorhead, Minn.), v Den- 
UL A Oa ote spo kateb: eh ate Malaysia.. Methodist Episcopal 
Anderson, Margaret Ogilvy....... Ye YW. C. A. Trng. Inst. (Chicago), 
University; On ioe chetcnie oes Isidias este Dom. Coun. Y. W. C. A. 
Appenzeller, Alice Rebecca....... 9 Wellesly Caeerovins wcrnieyresecchaletter Korea..... W. F. M.S. Meth. Epis. 
*Archibald, Charles Herbert...... v Albert C, Union Trs (Brooklyn)... India..... Lee Mem. Bengali Mission 
Baalsrud, Hanna Mathilde....... O Mood yiilrs eons chvtencstee cir China..... Norsk Lutherske 
; Kinamissionsforbund 
Bagby, Olive Elliotte............ Woman’s C (Richmond), v Baptist : 
rs (Bus WOLLD) oy nets ieee GChinatace. Southern Baptist Con. 
Baker, Dwight Condo............ 2. U of Californians scece tcaimene China.) . 2. Government School , 
Balderston, Jane Canby.......... ‘Wellesly: Gite iratirt hr ie nosed tenes China e eae Friends’ For. Miss. 
ssn. 
Ball, Jennie Louise.............. 9 Chicago \Prs) (Albion Gi ii aaeeees India yates W. F. M.S. Meth. Epis. 
Ballard, Edith Parker............ vState N (Fitchburg, Mass.), Gor- i 
dons Tre! Wan soot ater era lctcriees India..... Am. Bap. For. Miss. Soc. 
Barton, Sarah Paneuma.......... g Greenvilie Female C, Baptist Trs ; 
} (Louisville) Pera. seas leone China) .a. Southern Baptist Con. 
Battey, Celia Frances............ Syracuse H for Women, Boston : 
Floating H, v Bible Teachers Trs 
CNY COUR EE Rear nh ee at China ates W. F. M.S. Meth. Epis. 
Beck; Rosettawisn? sais eae see se. @ Cincinnatt Irs S.ja.e ee ee eee India..... W.F. M. $ Meth. Epis. 
Beers, Douglas Martyn.......... 7 Harvard Utes Paes eee eats c China..... American Board 
Bell, Ada Carroll iat) eeiaimpinareys v Hollins C, Louisville Kindergarten 
; N. Baptist Trs (Louisville)...... China qaene Southern Baptist Con. 
Bercovitz, Dr. Nathaniel......... v Occidental C, U of California M.. China..... Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
Berger, Herman Ray............. Kans. State Agri. C,v McCormick T Philippines Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
Bergman, Gerda Attelia.......... #) Moody irs Nu ae ener tee gael Korea..... Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
Bierma, John Nichols............ v Drake U, C of Missions (Indian- 

‘ APOLS VI hye alah Pol tetalin er, Indiativers- Chris. Woman's Bd. M. 
Binsted, Norman Spencer........ Emerson Inst., v T bs Virginia.. Japan..... Protestant Episcopal 
Blackstock, Constance Ella....... Isabelle Thoburn C (India), Lasell 

: Si'o\ Goucher Cutie scien ee ndia..... W. F. M.S. Meth. Epis. 
Bly; John Marius sc”. vuelto vSt. Olaf C, T of the United Nor. | : 
4 é DuthciCa eee armaments China..... United Nor. Luth. Ch. 
Bodley, Ellison Wilhelmina....... State N (Santa Barbara, Calif.).... Japan..... W. F. M.S. Meth. Epis. 
Boebri Peter eine ide dee Pe v York C, Bethel C, McCormick T.. China..... Mennonite 
Boehr, Jennie Gottshall (Mrs. 

Peter |e ie ee ite mrerene eh Bluffton: Cassie acta ie nese enero sate China. 7: tonite. . 
Bouwonss Pdith Piltotides. ecm ees Ill. State N U, v U of Illinois..... .. India..... W. F. M.S. Meth. Epis. 
*Booth) Virginia ellas ao. easel State N (Florence, Ala.), » Scarritt 

LTB te HOR VARS Ret eR eee Mexico.... Methodist Episcopal, South 
Bosch, DrilTaeke ws cians arene v State U of Iowa and, M.... tence. China..... Reformed Ch. in Amer. 
Bosch, Margaret Alison Brown 

(Mrs. Taeke) i/o yee te sicccia evn 9 State U of Iowa uins scmieineeae at Chinaiaanes Reformed Wo in Amer. 
Boss, Freeda Eunice............. @ Us of Wisconsiniys ia sans caer Chinait:: YoOWe Cea 
Boyce, Florence Angeline......... 9 Goucher CAN Seiden ce data cede India vases W. F. M.S. Meth. Epis. 
Bradley, Dr. Ross Milton......... BatesiC, Queen's: Ui Mien a eae ces Ching: jatce Methodist Pe aeit 
Bragg messietAlicesd. fete oe eeen nk v Nebraska Wesleyan U, Chicago Trs India..... W. F. M.S. Meth. Epis. 
Brewster, Ethel Estelle Bush (Mrs. Minn. State N (Winona,) »U of L 

James: Rigs) ak eae meee on Minnesota, Moody Trs.......... Turkey.... American Board 
Bristol, Warren Edwin........... v ae we Columbia U, Union 

EE ICN BY: Cai noe teeth corto s BA Turkey... . World's ei Yo Mo@. Ac 
Britt, Edythe Minnie............. v Semeue U, eaheae CEVS Mer cree ond Indi ayes W. F. M.S. Meth. Epis. 
Brittain, Ruth Miller............ Birmingham S, » Randolph-Macon ; 

Woman’s C, Scarritt Trs........ China..... Methodist Episcopal, South 
Brown, Ethel Louise............. v State N for Women(Farmville, Va.) S. Amer... Methodist Episcopal, South 
Brown, Dr. James Winter........ v Grove City C, U of Michigan M, 


of Oklahoma M, Presbyterian H 


(Pittsburg) 2 este ce aes China.... 


Presbyterian, U.S. A, 


SAILED LIST—IQI5 


461 








NAME INSTITUTIONS Frigip 
Brown, Laura Edith Smith (Mrs. State N (Clarion, Pa.), » Grove City 

ames Winter) s.../.s\5 < ees saraeers CEB chaysiuial Der Salat ahafe bee eee te Tale hina... 
Brown vary Sue dsc sicaiielea ciawee U of Texas, v Scarritt Trs.......... S. Amer.. 
Buck, John Lossing...........:+> o WornellU) Wish htaanaalaletetels yas China.. 
Burgess) Mary, dna toured: v James Milliken U, Presbyterian H 

(Chicago) eee hiatus Wai eer ersia 
Burkett, Grover Cleveland........ @ Princeton: Oils). es taawy ate erste Egypt..... 
Burmeister, Elsie Katherine....... Iowa State Teachers C, vy Chicago Trs Burma.. 
Burnham, Alice Gilman.......... DIMOOGYSLTS sd oslay Ceeibereees Diese Indians. 
Calkins, Ethel Mae.............. wera er ONS PO ARE Se BRE bce Pee See AA ye 
Cameron, Dr. Marjorie Irene..... N (Regina, Sask.), Amer. Medical 
Missionary C, »v U of Illinois M... India..... 
Campbell, Bruce Robert......... Hamline U, vy Boston U T......... Mexico 
Case, Dr. Lucius William......... Park C, » Pomona C, U of Michigan Pee y 
Se A ale hes res Mg Sa yer icas Ponte Philippines 
Castle rR ellevc: cet citate cumietere i Mich. State N (Ypsilanti), Hillsdale 
Gye Chica goulrsunls oes ae tee hina 
Chapin, Addison Hobart......... @ Carroll Coen culate sclera tdaietei sees Africa 
Chase, Mabel Leonard........... U of Minnesota, U of California, 9 U 
OF Colorado da. varnas wdc wies Wao Indiawe ys 
Cheney vANCe isi wasisiees sane vlowa Wesleyan Ui... ot... 6 Japan... 
Chiles, Carrie Hooker............ Industrial Inst. and C, v Alabama 
ek N, Baptist Trs (Louisville)...... Japan..... 
Christofersen, Arthur Fridtjof..... oShurtleff C, U of Pennsylvania | 
‘ . Grad) Crozer Doge nije aioe cucu Africa..... 
Christofersen, Julia Marie Rau 

(Mrs. Arthur Fridtjof)......... vishuntleth| Cromer estates Africa..... 
Clare, Maurice Amer............. v Lawrence C, Boston U T......... Burma 
Clarke, Sarah Fenley............ DNLGOA YA Tae ta eerste ei clanera) s Japanis).).. 
Clementi loratAcclicnes secre ise Winthrop C, » Moody Trs......... hina..... 
Clemes, Stanley Wilson.......... Northwestern U, v Moody Trs, Gar- ) 

foro Aled BR aN Pte a A Re Ea Men OE Indiawesite 
Clemes, Julia Ellen Norton (Mrs. 

Stanley Wilson) iii. iano ee ees # Northwestern) Uz 6 sade aees we nis India... 5... 
Coale, Willis Branson............ v Bradley Poly. Inst., Oberlin C.... Hawaii 
Cole# James) Preston 00.26 ta. 56 v U of Missouri, Bible Teachers Trs f 

CNTY ET Coe eS Ra ar Malaysia. . 
Cole, Mary Elizabeth............ a Oberlin Creede setae aes alan Turkey 
Colvin, James Harper............ Par kio Gy venial Teste apie sates India ya. 
Colwell, Dr. Harry Herbert....... v Ontario Agrl. C, U of Toronto M, 

Wey clifte) Ceres coi e aN . Indialcp.. 
Colwell, agate Wallace Andrew 

(Mrs. Harry Herbert).......... a Chr fof Englandi ren aeyiec ent Indias a: 
Congdon, Wray Hollowell........ Genesee Wesleyan S, v Syracuse U.. China.. 
Conklin, Elisabeth Woodruff...... oMtyHolyoke Cone ete, nia) fa 
*Conradson, Herman John........ North Park C, v Moody Trs....... China... .: 
Cowden, Margaret Lillian........ Hartford Sch. of Religious Pedagogy, 

wiennedy, rs Va en ea ersia..... 
Craig, Clarence Tucker........... # Mornineside Geant ies China 
Craighill, Lloyd Rutherford....... Washington and Lee U, » T of Va... China..... 
Creighton, Roy Lamont.......... v Occidental C, Harvard U........ China laa. 
*Dawsey, Sarah Ethel Sanders N 

(Mrs. Cyrus Bassett).......... vy Winthrop N and Ind. Inst........ S. Amer, 
Dawson, Clarence Arthur........ vOhiolStatesUaie Nera ee ita & ndiay ies: 
Day, Clarence Burton............ v Hamilton C, San Francisco T..... China..... 
Dickson, Dr. John Robinson...... Princeton U, vU of Toronto M, 

New York H, Moody Trs........ China..... 
Dieterich, Fred William.......... ‘Iowa Wesleyan U, wSimpson C, 

Oberlin Gland elit weirs s stens- Ding ee. 
Dight, Sarah Isabella............ Oberlin C, v Westminster C, U of 

¢ Minnesota Mri aahonls Meeierereiane DUsteite’s 

Dodds, Marguerite.............. Bellevue C, vy Mt. Holyoke C...... Chinas. 3. 
Donald, Charles Davidson........ rot Toronto, sy Knox yen ane Indians i). 
Douglass, Clifford Alden......... Occidental C, »v San Francisco T.... S. Amer 
Downey,| Martha...) .2340../....:. Ti ULOL Michigan ier aa usta a stots ie? India voir 
Dresslaer, Olie Gaylor............ O Cron Emporia wee aise eoale Indian cia: 
Dulmage, Agnes Jean............ a UiokMorontaneeuen wae sao emerek Chinas), (.3, 
Eddy, Elise Savoye... .)....).0 osles v Barnard C, Teachers C, Bible 

Weachers tre (Ni rye. C.aee eis © Chinas). 
Biderx Earl Hdgatvin casi e delve: Monmouth C, » Princeton U and T. Egypt..... 
Ellisry wilder Prince S. ies. «1... v Mont. State Sch. of Agrl., U of 

Wooster, Western Reserve U M.. Persia..... 
Ellis, Jessie Leonard Lee (Mrs. Salt Lake C, Westminster C, v U of i 

Wilder Prince)s\)a)..ahs aie sl 4 dete WOGSTEr Rarer Uae el nekeuinieetetg Persianynses 
Emerson, Ruth Nancy........... Wellesley National Y. W. C. A. 

RU TSUN KC. hee melee ae ha aed Japansren. 
Emery, Earnest Wesley.......... Central _N C. (Danville, Ind.), » Ind- f 
lana Centrale sive’: series: frica Wun 
POM UO La aes ted oat Wa vos ER GS Suers a Tre een ease sia telicic ta teats pceaees Tndia\yetas 
Evans, Alice Elizabeth........... ays Mich. State N, v Greenville mn 
RETA Getic Sars dis & cjeharmate TICA. cise ls 
Fairbank, Adelaide Ballantine..... OMtyHolyokeiG ene scuiweeteee's Indiaeyas Ai 
Fife, Eunice Maude.............. Woodstock C (India), » Kans. State { 
WN. CEamporia) Sei ive 5! Shah aa MGI 4 \e}</ 0s 


MISSIONARY AGENCY 


.... Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
... Methodist Episcopal, South 
. Presbyterian, U.S. A. 


:ee.- Presbyterian, U.S. A. 


pe eye Ch. in Amer. 
. W. F. M.S. Meth. Epis. 
W.G. M. S. United Pres. 
W.F. M.S. Meth. Epis. 


Baptist Ch., Canada 


... Methodist Episcopal 


American Board 


. W.F. M.S. Meth. Epis. 
... American Board 


American Board 
W.F. M.S. Meth. Epis. 


Southern Baptist Con. 
American Board 


American Board 


. Methodist Episcopal 


Presbyterian, U.S.A 
Southern Baptist Con. 


Methodist Episcopal 
Methodist Episcopal 


. Hawaiian Evan. Board 


Methodist Episcopal 


. American Boar 


United Presbyterian 
Presbyterian Ch., Canada 
Presbyterian Ch., Canada 


. Methodist Episcopal 


Reformed Ch. in Amer. 
Swed. Miss. Cov. of Amer. 


Presbyterian, U.S. A 


’ Methodist Episcopal | 


Protestant Episcopal 
Vo Meco As 


. Methodist Episcopal 


Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
Presbyterian, U.S. A. 


Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
Methodist Episcopal 
W. G. M. S. United Pres. 


Woman's Union Miss. Soc. 
Presbyterian Ch., Canada 


. Presbyterian, U. SvAg 


Ye We CHAS 
Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
Presbyterian Ch., Canada 


Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
United Presbyterian 


Presbyterian, U.S. A. 


United Brethren 
F. M.S. Meth. Epis. 


Free Methodist 
American Board 


Presbyterian, U.S. A. 


462 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS’ AND WORLD PROBLEMS 





NAME INSTITUTIONS FIELD MIssIONARY AGENCY 

Fisken, Archibald Donald........ O) MALE Une laia is witatele SAGA ANY BAe China..... Yale Foreign Miss. Soc. 
Ford, Lucile Genevera........... vCotner U, C of Missions (Indian- 

BHOLS) S Uialeerse abl we UR ealetenee te crane Drdiay cusioys Chris. Woman’s Bd. M. 
*Forster, Manelle Magruder...... v Wesleyan Female C, Scarritt Trs.. Cuba..... Methodist Episcopal South. 
Fraser, Robert Stuart, 0.00. 0/3... 9 Uvof Denver iat ie con ere ne teleres Malaysia.. Methodist Episcopal 
Freed, Elmer Ellsworth.......... vU of Wooster, McCormick T..... Cen. Am... Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
Frost, Dr. Inglis Folger.......... U of Toronto, vy Yale U M......... India..... Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
Puller (Graham yest ny oe cule vColo. Agrl. C, Whitman C, Mc 

Cormick nic Rae ae Sidm yess Presbyterian, U. S. A. 
Gardner, Marian Wakelee........ Blair S, v Sai C, Kennedy ia China scr Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
Garton, Lulu Ethel.............. v Fairmount C, Christian Cc; of 

Missouri, Chatauqua Sch. of Nurse 

! ing, C of Missions (Indianapolis). India..... Chris. Woman's Bd. M. 
Gist ANNETTE Sse ciere wisateveevareierets v Converse C, Methodist Trs (Nash- 

) Ville) ere es Canesten a ar tie ele e Japan..... Methodist Episcopal, South 
Gjelseth, ‘Alfred Berg.) i). c. Los Angeles Trs, » Augsburg T..... China..... Luth. Free Ch. 

Goodwin, Lora Cornelia.......... y Chicago Trs, Albion C........... Japan..... W. F. M.S. Meth. Epis. 
Graefe, John Edward............ v Western Maryland C, Evan. Luth. 3 

2 (Gettysburg) eure a re ite India.) Gen. Syn. Ev. Luth., U.S.A. 
Gray, Ele oh eet Mar Gen Gn La Grange C, » Scarritt Trs........ Korea..... Methodist Episcopal, South 
Hackney, Kate Bertha........... Kindergarten Trng. Sch. (Louisville) 

v Methodist Trs (Nashville)...... China..... Methodist Episcopal, South 
Haddow, Alexander.............. og McMaster Uland i io vlsereis S. Amer... Baptist Ch., Canada 
Hall, Edward Leverich........... 9) U; of Tiingls yaa rae taeeebiny bees Chinass.'.. Y.M.C.A. 
Hall, Nina Hogan (Mrs. Edward 

TS VOrich Wik itaraie ci foha We LiLed eran Peabody ' Cut aie (ustletael eine. Gane ets Ching)... 
Hanneman Annag nce vette s ss Asbury Methodist H (Minneapolis), ; 
y Tabor C, » Los Angeles Trs...... India tUeei Mennonite Brethren 

Harkness, Harold Wilson......... v Queen’s TK Cea NE CRE nene Chinas Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
Hartsooks ina Wien welcmieeieeiar v Drake U, C of Missions (Indian- 

ADO]IS) Seles Vee Niele inrdiete oe India yi), Chris. Woman’s Bd. M. 
Harvey, Dr. Joseph LeRoy....... 2 U o£ LoutsvilleaMbacisy. sav wcteie sae Chinat wel. Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
Harvey, Ella Vada Kennedy (Mrs. : 

Joseph LeRoy) ee German Methodist H............. Chinas niet. Presbyterian, U.S. A. 

Hastings, Daniel Adolphus........ v Butler C, U of Chicago, C of Mis- f 

sions (Indianapolis) Oe ee Be LY ch ate tae Africa baci American Board 
Heinrich, John Charles........... v Westminster C, Pittsburg T...... Lodi o. United Presbyterian 
Henschen, Agnes Lillian.......... DPFOWS Ts ehie g eee ee Ne es Indias. 3 W. F. M.S. Meth. Epis. 
Fess; Stella Anna aie cesincls v German Wallace C, Cincinnati Trs, 

Bible Teachers Trs (N. Y. C.).... Africa..... W. F. M.S. Meth. Epis. 
Hoffman, Dr. Rolla Edwards..... v Berea C, Western Reserve U M... Persia..... Presbyterian, U. S. A. 
Hollinger, Ralph Wall........... v Western Reserve U.........-0... Russia... 
Hollister, George Wallace......... v Ohio ibe thee U, Garrett Tunes ee China..... Methodist Episcopal 
Hoose, Earle Albion............. v Canandaigua S, Drew Ties ed Ghia ne Methodist Episcopal 
Hoose, Sadee Alice Pettus (Mrs. v Judson C, Clinton Springs Trng. 

Barle Albion) iii a vsidiee talds Sch! for'Nursesl uu ceuu eae Chinas. Methodist Episcopal 
Inglis, Henrietta Josephine....... 9 Urot Michigans. sate ndislidciee as India eas Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
Irving, Emma Sophia..:......./. v Kans. State Agrl. C, Christ’s H Way .(e i 

(Topeka)...................+.!. Philippines Am. Bap. For. Miss. Soc. 
Trwist}(A tia Eloise s/o) veieisiene in eye sine Illinois Woman’s C, James Millikin _ ‘i 

Ui Tilinois ‘State IN} U Wate ie sens Siam ji Sec. Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
Jacobs, Ralph Maing Rae MASE 9 Greenville ©. ater slau ervey Africa sve Free Methodist 
Jacobs, Ethel Mae Lightner (Mrs. d ‘ 

Ralph Jackson) (See ii lewis's scl 9) Greenville Co. hlarlabunll is stalatale albis are Airieg 005 3 Free Methodist 
Jamison, Gertrude May Newlin ( j ‘ 

(Mrs. William Brainerd)....... © Westminster Cin ied dinnic leased Egypt..... United Presbyterian 
Johnson, Leslie Leonidas......... Simmons C, » Baylor U, Southwest- ] 

Erne Di Che WNVOrtH ate cee oh tieats S. Amer... Southern Baptist Con. 
Johnson, Sammie Beatrice Guynes : 

(Mrs. Leslie Leonidas)......... » Baylor U, Baptist Trs (Ft. Worth) S. Amer... Southern Baptist Con. 
JOHNSON PEATIO sce dilelbie! we seis ereles Meredith C ,v Baptist Trs (Louisville) China qaictete Southern Baptist Con. 
*Johnston, Herbert William...... v Christian Alliance Trs (Nyack). S. Amer... Chris. and Miss. Alliance 
Jones; Francis! Price 205 sls ieieie)eie's State N (Platteville, Wis.), North- ¢ , t 

western U, v Garrett T.......... Chinal.e; ae Methodist Episcopal 
jongewe ns: Dr. Wilhelmina...... v State U of Iowa, U of Illinois M.. India..... W. G. M.S. United Pres. 

auffman, Emma Jane........... v Christian Alliance Trs (Nyack)... India..... Pentacostal Mission 

Keith, Dr. William Neely........ v Lafayette C, Princeton T, Union U, 

Albany M C, C of P and § 

(NUYS CORMIP I aan iets Turkey.... Robert College 
Kemner, Carl Frederick.......... O MidlandiGu ie CANIS diene Indiaw jin! Gen. Syn. Ev. Luth., U.S.A. 
Kemner, Edith Sabrina Browne { 

(Mrs. Carl Frederick).......... Oo Midland) Cyc series siecdeiatew lake Indiakie as a As Fag Ev. Luth., U.S.A. 
Kennard, Olive Elizabeth........ ww Ghica gon Dre stele ybie's elatwiele anos sie India..... S. Meth. Epis. 
Kielland, Dorothea Elizabeth..... 9 Cornell Wk soe bar dete ai Africa..... eae Board 
King, William Dawson........... vU of Arkansas, Ouachita C, So. | J 

Baptists Dit a ifatew mee ialalelbicbels re Ching. iso Southern Baptist Con. 
mass Ruth Esther Pye (Mrs. »U of Arkansas, Baptist Woman's 3 Q 
iliam: Dawson) f2seee one he ks Tra\(Louisville) ices reece aisles China..... Southern Baptist Con. 
Kirby, William Erman........... Asbury | Girt sine tn sane by erence Africae. 3' Methodist Episcopal 
Kirby, Geta Dalby (Mrs. William : : " 

rman) 2) .d ee, eet. 2 Asbury) Cs ines cst Hu bas cae eh eee Africa. .... Methodist Episcopa 

Kroghgi sia cus pwaeecene os cheno v St. Olaf C, Valparaiso U, T of the 


United Nor. Luth. Ch........... Madag.... United Nor. Luth. Ch. 


SAILED LIST—IQI5 463 








NAME INSTITUTIONS FIELD MISSIONARY AGENCY 
Laubach, Frank Charles.......... Pa. State N (Bloomsburg), Perki- 
omen §S, v Princeton U, Union T 
(N. Y. ro aE RG VE GARR tu tata dire Philippines American Board 
Laubach, Effa Emaline Seely (Mrs. Williamsport Dickinson S, Presby- 
Frand Charles) ela darcy che eyaiatete hier ers terian H (Phila) » Bible Teachers 
é ees) (CN Ye CL Ona ie iehaperets lene Philippines American Board 
Lawrence, Mabel Carrie.......... v U of Michigan, Chicago Trs...... India..... W. F. M.S. Meth. Epis. 
Lease, Leslie Lewis.............. v Presbyterian Trs (Baltimore), 9 
; ? Princeton (To ane ares Undiaiusis. « Reformed Episcopal 
Lease, Mathilde Josephine Born 
(MresLestie Lewis)iavtii: sere cies Presbyterian Trs (Baltimore)...... Pngiavies oe Reformed Episcopal 
Lee, Bessie Meredith............ Mt. Holyoke C, Kennedy Trs...... Japan..... W.F. M.S. Meth. Epis. 
Beev Mary, Helen) ican ir ia Leander Clark C, Cornell C and j 
HL yh Grad. Uiot Chicago iii.) /slslste Tndiai(ts).'. W. F. M.S. Meth. Epis. 
*Leete, William Rockwell......... vi¥aleUy Union DT (Nivea Gi aes China..... American Board 
*Leete, Anna Wynona Kauffman 
(Mrs. William Rockwell)....... 9 Obertini G sie ocshslecsatand oele seers Chinaveu) American Board 
Lehman, Algie Ellsworth......... Albright C, vBible Teachers Trs 
(NYS CG) Te seal aay MNS eeINd ath Gr slates te China..... United Evan. Ch. M.S. 
Lehman, Mable Claire Burke 
(Mrs. Algie Ellsworth)......... vy Leland’ Stanford Jrs Ui... a es China... United Evan. Ch. M.S. 
Leitzel, Henry Samuel Howard.... Susquehanna U, vAllegheny C, 

} BOSton Uy Diy esta clots tole fe cleats China..... Methodist Episcopal 
Lewis, Dr. Elizabeth Grace....... 0 U of California and M........... India..... Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
Linn, John’ Kenneth . iis i)sis-0)o/ra' v Roanoke C, Lutheran T (Phila.).. Japan..... Evan. Luth. Ch. in N. A. 
Lipscomb, Olive Watkins......... v Whitworth Female C, Scarritt Trs, | 

Wanderbilt Unie eee. oe China :<)0). Methodist Episcopal, South 
Little, Guy Howard............. @ Cornel Cee a actatate wives: Malaysia.. Methodist Episcopal 
Lockwood, Edward Harrison...... De Pauw U, U of Wisconsin....... Ching ee YOM. CoA, 
Lorbeer, Lloyd IS Sey arr e v Pomona C, Union T (N. Y. C.)... ) 
(Mrs. Lloyd Louis)............ Un, obtGCalizornia weer i aciee ckeisree Endpaieys 2.) American Board 
Louthan, Elijah McIntyre........ v Richmond C, So. Baptist T (Louis- } ! 
VALS) aire cue Sparcdnlaleicuts UN ems ey geil Ol China’). )./. Southern Baptist Con. 
Louthan, pg abet Richards (Mrs. P 
Blah McIntyre) Je) es ys oe RichmonaC cA el aaMete slaieiols China... ... Southern Baptist Con. 
Lundeby, Gudrid Josephine....... Oak Grove Ladies’ S, »State N 
(Moorhead, Minn.). .20.... 5.005% Chinas). i. Lutheran Free Church 
McCallum, Effie Biot ane. 3. Eugene Bible U, » U of Oregon..... China..... For. Christian Miss. Soc. 


McClanahan, Dr. Frank Chalmers Monmouth C, v American Medical 
Missionary C, C of P. and S. 


) (Ciitazo) ites ee eee ls Aan Egypt..... United Presbyterian 
McClellan, Alice May............ Southwestern State N (California, 
Pa.), vChicago Evan. Inst., f 
Taylor Ute cna naatcctere tees Burma.... W. F. M.S. Meth. Epis. 
McClelland, Dalton Finley....... Ohio! WesleyanvU frock Wie ew aiden: Mndia fear Wants GoAs 
McConnell, Thomas Cunningham. Pa. State C, » Oberlin T........... Ching.) 0k Y¥. Mi C. A. 
McConnell, Verna Mae cistinen 
(Mrs. Thomas Cunnimoham) iin)..\9 Oberlin Clas seaidelttale'elsieie nse China... .. 
McElroy, William Franklin....... v Austin C and T (Texas)......... (Africa An, Presbyterian, South 
McIntosh, Elizabeth Wilhelmina... U of New Brunswick, Kennedy Trs. China..... Ch. of Eng. in Canada 
McMullen, Nettie Johnston....... vQueen’s C, Bible Teachers Trs 
CNY i Cap a eee ee ees ae ite a China. .... Presbyterian, South 
McTavish, Dr. Isabelle........... Winnipeg N, Manitoba M......... China..... Presbyterian Ch., Canada 
Malvin, Elizabeth Lavinia........ v Ohio Wesleyan U, Cincinnati Trs S. Amer... W. F. M.S. Meth. Epis. 
Manley, Francis Penley:......... v Pad oh U, McMinnville C, Newton 
ant RAE SE I ia ae Pay Se Ne ne PED PRP RUA as India.s'. 0. ; Am. Bap. For. Miss. Soc. 
Manley, Edith Arnold Argo (Mrs. 
Francis: Peniey)'s siels foe. sih.)s's ’, » McMinnville C, Gordon Trs...... India ssi. Am. Bap. For. Miss. Soc. 
Manry, James Campbell......... v Harvard U and Grad., Andover T India..... Presbyterian, U. S. A. 
*Marsh, Mabel Agnes Church 
(Mrs. Albert Vernon).......... Toronto Trs, Victoria C........... Africa... Am. Bap. For. Miss. Soc. 
Martin, Helen Jeanette.......... Monmouth C, v Westminster C.... Egypt..... W. G. M. S. United Pres. 
Mason Ines Doras aun seine teks Conn. Agrl. C, » Northwestern U... India..... W. F. M.S. Meth. Epis. 
Mathews, Joseph Brown......... oe Asbury Cand Teo, Meee tes Malaysia.. Methodist Episcopal 
Mathis, Maud Anna............. U of Texas;oScarritt Tress ses S. Amer... Methodist Episcopal, South 
Mendenhall, Lloyd Hadley....... Ta. State C of Agrl., v Penn C, : : 
Haverford C, Kennedy Trs...... Cubana American Friends 
Mendenhall, Louise Hammond f ‘ 
(Mrs. Lloyd Hadley) ik nteounre v Penn C, Kennedy Trs........... Cuba. 3.\o- American Friends 
Metcalf, Dr. Amy Abigail ra ae y Colorado C, Woman's M (Phila.), i 
Memorial H (Worcester)........ China..... American Board 
INE ila er ECs1e cL). aevceaire vectiotareia’s babte cote IR a bee Neha aatele wlohe Gielelale bre ei S. Amer... Mackenzie College 
Dears nng Bes see cid vieicin cele s U of Colorado, v Iowa State Teachers 
: See WIEN USER RA eee ae India waar W. F. M.S. Meth. vie 
Moninger, Mary Margaret....... oP Grinnell Gr a Wa Sr telate a bretecviote Chima: Presbyterian, U.S. A 
Moore, Blanche,G.y 3 5).0 5 i. osc v Cincinnati Trs, Christ H (Cincin- i 
RT VIA CON EPS BE DISET oe Deter e Indies. W.F. M.S. Meth. Epis. 
Morgariy Misa eh: cites sierele'visle ss v U of Arkansas, Scarritt Trs....... S. Amer... Methodist Prey South 
Mosier, Mildred Arvilla.......... @: Cornelis tasicls wicte Sei ardeeine Burma.... Am. Bap. For. Miss. Soc. 
Moss, Leslie Bates............... Denison U, » Newton T, Harvard U China..... Am. Bap. For. Miss. Soc. 
Munger, Alzina Clifford..........  OdristontCunt hooks, cov choice ous China:.,.. American Board 
Muyskens, John Dick............ Northwestern Classical S, » Hope C India..... Reformed Ch. in Amer. 
ING YIOr SOOT Re DD, oie. nie. Seiko via'e v Randolph-Macon S,_ Randolph- 


Macon C, Vanderbilt U......... Cubaius Methodist Episcopal, South 


464 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 





NAME INSTITUTIONS FIeL_p 
Nelson, Dr. Oscar Gustof......... v Vanderbilt Uand M............. China.... 
Neufeld; ‘Tolitha iy Soca ee ee it v Bethel C, Bible Teachers Trs 
(NYY SCs Oe te eee ae China.... 
Newcomb, Clara Winifred........ Smithy Ceasaarivey, erie Meee Spain.... 
Newcomb, Irma Lee............. v Moody Trs... : China... . 
*Newton, Minnie Esther......... o Albany Nee saan iid cei abe e India.... 
Nicholson, Herbert V............ @ Haverford Cinna eter ite Japan.... 
Nickey, Dr. Barbara Marie....... Mt. Morris C, vC of P. and S. 
{ (Chicago) ays Peace cre India-. .%). 
Nickles, Florence Eugenia........ Due West Female C, » C for Women 
(Columbiay|SiiC.) eee: China. =: -; 
Niederhauser, Mary Alma........ Y Moody Tres. ies.0 0 tele seevasuehehtiete Siam..... 
Nowlin, Mabel Ruth............. v U of Kansas, Chicago Trs........ China...) 
Olcott; Mason se oeit len nner tan cite wPrinceton Uranus a ndIaSe). 
Olmstead, Clarence Eugene....... U of Illinois, »v Garrett T.......... Burma.... 
Olmstead, Katherine Julia Lane 
(Mrs. Clarence Eugene)........ o Ohicago Trees eee ee ee Burma.... 
Olsonj/Arthur Silasi sey Suen ase Moody Trs, » Augsburg C and T... China.. 
Olson, Minnie Shirley (Mrs. Arthur 
Silas) bb Favati ORE res em ae sak Oak Grove Ladies’ S, v Moody Trs.. China..... 
Park, Andrew. Perrys ded oe hou) v University C, Wycliffe T......... India weer 
Pawley, Annabelled wiinites ducal vOhio Wesleyan U, Barnard C, 
Bible Teachers Trs (N. Wn Cy) ys JaPanineut 
Paxton, Jean Grigsley............ Randolph-Macon Woman’s c eee China.... 
Peake, Claude Leslie............. De Pauw U, v Boston U T.. . S. Amer... 
Peckham, Carrie Serena.......... State N (la Crosse, Wis.), v Law- 
rence GC seed save auaes. eh a pam eee 
Perry, James.................... 1 Colby C, Andover T, Hartford T.. Turkey) ie 
Perry, Marjorie Elizabeth Witter 
(Mts: i James) en anole ne eianict ds v Peddie S, Denne U, b enneey Trs Turkey... 
Peterson, Ruth Katherine........ v Northwestern U.. Say kNGia “are 2 
Pickering, Eva Violaat sai hiel cine. 9. Friends U) Sapa ele eee ae eee Cuba... 
Pike, Florence Frances........... » Los'Angeles (irs Sue ie coastal wae China wa: 
Poteats Gordori Macwaeniaeisteciee ss v Furman U, Wake Forest C, So. 
4 Baptist Leip eee Mo bce sen Mh China wee 
Pound, Allan Nathanael Courtice.. Columbian C, » Victoria U........ Chinayisiin 
Pound, Mary Rankin Hyatt (Mrs. 
Allan Nathanael Courtice)...... 9 University Cian ne enian se een Chinaieee: 
Pratt, Grace Hazel Beeks (Mrs. 
Alonzo A. DALE RATED ARNE ie OH BAA ROA v State N)(SansJose)iiucnties cokes Ching sere: 


Putney, Ethel Winch............ v Wellesley C and Grad., Berlin U 


(Germany), Teachers C (N.Y.C.). Turkey.... 





MISSIONARY AGENCY 
Methodist Episcopal, South 


Mennonite 

American Board 

China Inland 

W. F. M.S. Meth. Epis. 
Friends Assn., Phila. 


Church of the Brethren 


Presbyterian, South 
Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
W. F. M.S. Meth. Epis. 
Reformed Ch. in Amer. 
Methodist Episcopal 


Methodist Episcopal 


. Lutheran Free Church 


Lutheran Free Church 
Y.M. COA: 

Am. Bap. For. Miss. Soc. 
Vi We GAG 

Methodist Episcopal 

W. F. M.S. Meth. Epis. 
VieM Cray 


| W.F. M.S. Meth. Epis. 
American Briends 
Presbyterian, U.S. A. 


Southern Baptist Con. 
Methodist Ch., Canada 


Methodist Ch., Canada 
Presbyterian, U.S. A. 


American Board 


Raabe, Rosa)Mary? iss. .6 ec. v Simpson C, Chicago Evan. Inst.... Korea..... W. F. M.S. Meth. Epis. - 
*Ranson Way Woe ee en Erskine C, v Muskingum C, Alle- 

Shen y Mae ryt stale eae atle Indiayicroi: Associate Reformed Pres. 
*Ranson, Della R. Nichol (Mrs. 

SJEV Wied eity a ete sonsieteletac arene» Mushingum C, » Moody, Trs...... India..... Associate Reformed Pres. 
Reeds, Gladys M. Black (Mrs. 

WP Ob POR 2 EON ere ee ee dia Ear 9 Macdonald Sa siuig ee rey. eae China 3.8). BN ie hy ro Ch., Canada 
Riechers, Bertha Louise.......... v U of So. California, C of the Pacific China..... W. F. M.S. Meth. Epis. 
Roberts, Elizabeth Sophia........ Asbury H (Minneapolis), » Chicago , 

APTS rite sikelele mtatcleta wleite'sieeisrs Laimeste Korea...... W. F. M. S. Meth. Epis. 
Robertson, Dr. Moorman Owen... U of Louisville M................ Korea:,... Presbyterian, South 
Robinson, Chloe Bock (Mrs. Lem- : , ‘ 

nell arvey ui o mid aps verse eles iae v Southwestern U, Scarritt Trs..... Cuba..... Methodist Episcopal, South 
Robinson, Marian Rider (Mrs. 

ASG MRR NEU ion araitt ee ielig v Wellesley C..... fet Ono oases) 2 Chinae.. 4. 

Robson, John Stanley............ Columbia Methodist C, vU of So. 
Californias Hilwoe a bieltusbiciten rs Indias. Y.M.C.A 
Robson, Ida Isadora Winans (Mrs. » Ohio Wesleyan U, U of So. Cal- 

John Stanley) Anges ans eetloas ifOrnia hee eee Poth ai cuca) One India..... 4 
Rohrer, Anna Elizabeth .. v Presbyterian H (Phila.).......... Indiana Evan. Luth Ch. in N. A. 
*Rupert, Nettie Lorena Urbana U, » U of Wooster......... Aapansenee American Board 
Russell, Leno Leota..).......45.. v Hiram C, C of Missions (Indian- 

BDOlIS). ail Moly sees hy eae halave Mlaperens Indiaitig. </- Chris. Woman's Bd. M. 
Salmon, Bessie Cheney........... De Pauw U, v Cincinnati Trs...... Korea..... W. F. M.S. Meth. Epis. 
Sassen, Dr. Augusta Albertina.... v Pomona C, Woman’s M (Phila.), k / 

Memorial H (Worcester)........ China..... Yale Foreign Miss. Soc. 
Sauer;'Clara Rida at astm v Mont. Deaconess Trng. Sch. for ; 

Nurses! Davior! Us tac manae eins China..... W.F. M.S. Meth. Epis. 
Sawyer, Edith Orpha............ »v Colorado oe phere VWs Gir A 

Crs CNG-Y « Gey Ra DA eo ate aia China..... Y. W. CLA 
Schaffner, Paul Franklin......... Franklin and Marshall C, Columbia 

Ui o'T of Reformed Chie. June. apan..... Reformed Ch. in U.S. 
Schiefley, Dr. William Jeremiah + v Philadelphia Dental C........... OTreacestas Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
Scott, Dr. Charles MacDermid.... v Queen’s U and M............... India suee: Presbyterian Ch., Canada 
Searles, Clair Ketcham........... Genessee Wesleyan S, » U of 

Rochestere: ss tachvyarctaortae tl stare coe China..... Methodist Episcopal 
Shank, Charles Lewis............ © GoshéniGrti x, seco cecememtoetl soak Indias a. Mennonite 
Shank, Crissie Catherine Yoder } 

(Mrs. Charles Lewis).......... # Goshen’ Ooi ne tere sane teareie's eaeke India tre: Mennonite 
Shannon, gene Vintonise race se @ Indiana Ui. avs erermehematere were Chinat..: Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
Shearer, Helen Alena............ Kingston General H, » Presbyterian ' 

£0 tor Oa a Seana coteca oe AUD aise. s Presbyterian Ch., Canada 


SAILED LIST—IQI5 465 





NAME INSTITUTIONS FIELD MISSIONARY AGENCY 
Shepley, Beulah May............ vU_ of Toronto, Methodist Trs 
CL OrOnto). 1 LAGE Mee ncaa ita China)... Wom. S. Meth. Ch., Can. 
Shoemaker, Edna Grace.......... Washington State N (Ellensburg 
Baptist Trs cCRearoy, v Reed C, 
sPeachers(Ci( Nw. ¥. Groene jeteeat Chinas... Woman's Baptist F. M. S. 
Shortitedgarn Clarkin a sesatad ae v Oberlin C, Auburn Pole an S. Amer... Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
Short, Mabel Mayme McClelland : 
(Mrs. Edgar. Clark) s2.0. 2.0.54 wWOberin 6 ands ee saa eae S. Amer... Presbyterian, US AG 
Shute, Vivian Lizzie............. Wis. State N (LaCrosse), v Pacific 
: Up Bargor Gece wae ee, ty ia Indiaten (4 W.F. M.S. Meth. Epis. 
DMMILH Ben WAT so ee aries eid DGGE Ce ear AL ca deheds tareraromn et et Chinaliausy Y.M.C.A. 
Smith, Dr. Dennis Vincent....... v Northwestern U, U of Michigan 
; ANU eo ees ens eielee au Ghinaeiee: Methodist Episcopal 
Smith, Hazel Grace Littlefield 
(Mrs. Dennis Vincent)......... @) Urory Niichigan on aia tee eae China. Methodist Episcopal 
Smith, Dr. Hildegarde May....... Oxford U (England), v Toronto M.. India..... 
Smith, Joseph Daniel............ SWiDErLORCe Ut ee a W. Indies.. African Methodist 
Soderberg, NoeliPeteria tects shasta ss LosAngcelessi rs. von teiae el nisve Africas). Africa Inland 
Soper, Annie Georgiana.......... OP DOTOMbOuhTS womMat ijlerd ela Weeks S. Amer... S. Amer. Evan. Union 
Stegall, Carroll Richard.......... v Georgia Sch. of Tech., Bible ! 
Meachers/ Irs! (NWYe ©.) aS Aiticaeos). Presbyterian, South 
*Steinberg, Edgar Charles........ @ Rochester’ Dive sapntcs we ualtane hala dee. China ane 
Stipp, Frank Vennum............ vU_ of Illinois, Phillips Christian 
U, C of Missions (Indianapolis). . Philippines For. Christian Miss. Soc. 
Stout, William Wright.......... v Georgetown C, So. Baptist T..... Chingy Southern Baptist Con. 
Strong, Martha Florence......... v arnt C, Bible Teachers Trs 
CNS CED eee ere aE IE id India ris W.G. M.S. United Pres. 
Stuntz, Clyde Bronson........... v Cornell C, Wesleyan U, Drew T... India..... Methodist Episcopal 
Sutherland, May Emma.......... Nebraska Wesleyan U, v Chicago Trs India..... W. F. M.S. Meth. re 
Swallen, Olivette Roanna......... o Northfield (S Ve aisen, aie ha ceelecatns Korea..... Presbyterian, U.S.A 
Sweetman, Ethel Maude...:..... v Toronto Bible C, Methodist Trs 
CEoronto) ane ae ree iss alee Chinaa Wom. S. Meth. Ch., Can. 
*Symonds, Claire Louise South- 
WortuauVitss (seorverient,) ese. 4, COMMel UO a ami mca cn ays eae Tay de ie Philippines 
Taylor, Ethelyn Strasser (Mrs. | ‘ 
SATUS! ES os Reese Shoe een) 2 v Oberlin Kindergarten Trng. Sch... India..... Methodist Episcopal 
Menney, AGeME-Io. 2... oss uses co U of Wooster, » Cleveland Kinder- 
garten Trng. Sch.. China..... American Board 
Thomas, Dr. Alice Tuttle......... Provincial N (Truro, N. S.), » Hali- 7 
, pie oN UAVS RS RU ears el Ped US a, Africas: Wesleyan Methodist | 
‘nomass, Mary Mer we nes Fear PCIMCMINALLEL TSE eA yy cet ponte Chinas .ce W.F. M.S. Meth. Epis. 
Thompson, May Bel............. Wisconsin State N (Whitewater), ! 
NE olorada (Cecmenen teer aioe als Ghinageee W.F. M.S. Meth. Epis. 
Thomson, Clinton Harris......... v Cotner U, C of Missions (Indian- j 
BDOLIS) cena weet eid Tene meee rey India.) Chris. Woman's Bd. M. 


Thomson, Dr. Bertha Evelyn Nebraska State N (Peru), » Cotner 
Mangon (Mrs. Clinton Harris).. U and M, C of Missions (Indian 


ADOUS) AL Aen ey ste etl Uk Tridsacieine Chris. Woman’s Bd. M. 
Todnem, Lawrence.............. a Dakota. Wesleyatr Uiiay siaicee cone China..... Yt M. CoA. 
Todnem, Annie Laurie Waldron, 
(Mrs. Lawrence). ..........005 Dakota Wesleyan U, v Wilamette U China..... 
Tunison, Bessie Dorothy......... v Lenox C, U of Wisconsin......... Indias: W.F. M.S. Meth. Epis. 
Turner, Elizabeth Jane........... » Central Holiness UpGhicagorErsseindia yh W.F. M.S. Meth. Epis. 
Turner, Everett Stanton.......... #7 Grinnell C, Oberlin Titi sues as Philippines Y. M.C. A. 
Tyler, Ursula Josephine.......... v Cincinnati Trs, Ohio Wesleyan U.. China..... W.F. M.S. Meth. Epis. 
Van Hook, Lilian May........... 9 Gordonii rea stette ee eile sere @hinawen. Am. Bap. For. Miss. Soc. 
Velte, Friedrich Mowbray........ Mercersburg S, » Princeton U...... India 23.4. Forman Chris. College 
Vesprelo Nora Mayans... s/t. -. 9 Bonebrake T. Samaritan H Trng. t : 
; Sch. for Nurses (Ashland, O.).... Africa..... United Brethren 
Warrington, Ruth Anna.......... Northwestern State N (Alva Okla.), : k 
Chicago tirs eae enone ait, Tndiaiiees: W.F. M.S. Meth. Epis. 
Waterhouse, Madeline Clara...... Oberlin C, Hartford Sch. of Relig. ‘ 
Pea cO Oy yA LWA Aun e ate suae, uly a Japan..... American Board 
Weersing, Frederick J............ Hope C, v U of Minnesota......... China..... Reformed Ch. in Amer. 
Weiser, William Henricks......... vY.M.C.A. Trng. C, U of Chicago India..... Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
Westeott,.lda. Grace. tice un. DMOOA Ya Lre eer eedn aaah eee Malaysia.. W. F. M.S. Meth. Epis. 
Wharton, Conway Taliaferro...... Southwestern Presbyterian U, Aus- i ; 
tin C, v Austin Presbyterian T.... Africa..... Presbyterian, South 
Wharton, Susan Ethel Taylor : i 
(Mrs. Conway Taliaferro)...... TUNOLML ERAS, Hee Wttugi Peseta nite natn ale Africaiy «+. Presbyterian, South 
Wheat, Bertha Lemira........... v Northwestern State N _ (Alva, ; 
Okla) Chicagovlrswack aise iced Endiging «sr W.F. M.S. Meth. Epis. 
Wheeler, William Reginald....... v Yale U, Auburn T,Harvard U Grad China..... Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
Wheeler, Constance Irene Hayes f : 
(Mrs. William Reginald)....... Wellesley C, v Pratt Inst........... Chingaen. Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
White, Henry Harrison........... PIM ASSIA SLO ahethes cc ctchn erotic le Turkey.... American Board 
VIGOR ICATIC HINTS i fadicianc cl bless Wesleyan U, v Mt. Holyoke C...... Indiantscr American Board 
Wilson, Myrtle Estelle........... State N (Los Angeles), U of Califor- 
nia, Butler C, vC of Missions 
(indianapolis) ages jira tei Philippines For. Christian Miss. Soc. 
Wiltsie, Dr. James Wesley Van.... Williams C, » Cornell U M.. China..... Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
Witmer, Clayton Clark........... State N (Millersville, Pa.), Franklin 


and Marshall C, Bonebrake T, » hae t 
MiohiChicagarn) viteis tees e aa Philippines United Brethren 


466 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


NAME INSTITUTIONS FIELD MISSIONARY AGENCY 
Wolverton, Harold Alonzo........ Brandon C, » Ontario Agri. C, U of 
AL OROTIEGL MU sieial dice letoe wl han are aarn a Hoge FE: Weta, Bs Baptist Ch., Canada 
Woodall, Emery Johnson......... Wake Forest C, » Newton T....... China .).10 American Board 
Wyckoff, Charlotte Chandler..... v Northfield S, Wellesley C........ Ab ota br: aS iat = Reformed Ch. in Amer. 
Wylie, Dr. John Herman......... vIndiana U, Columbia U M, N. Y. 
Post Graduate H............0-- China..... Presbyterian, U. S. A. 

Wylie, Mary Edith Bushnell (Mrs. Allegheny C, Pa. C of Music, » Ind- 

John Herman) ying eee pPehet: ib B Mu SeMay a Ramm Ua re rn Lamina ol As A Chinay))s Presbyterian, U. S.A. 


SATLED VOLUNTEERS TP ORUIOIG 


In the table abbreviations have been used as follows C=College; H =Hospital; M =Medical; N =Normal; 

S=Secondary School; T’=Theological; Trs=Bible, Deaconess and Missionary Training School; U= University: ; 
v =Volunteered at. 

*Volunteers sailed before 1916; names reported here for the first time. 


NAME INSTITUTIONS FIELD MISSIONARY AGENCY 
Aiken, "RavGhonees erat cular a wig tals v Hillsdale C, Bible Teachers Trs. : 
; CNC eerie elated ee teearate lalate Arricn su. \iis Presbyterian, U.S. A. 

Akerson, Leroy Lind............. v Iowa Wesleyan Giauilaiees aes Malaysia.. Methodist Episcopal 
Allen, Bertha Harding........... v Pomona C, State N (Los Angeles) China..... American Board 
Alter; Dy Emmet alan sidemeraiclee Westminster C, v Pittsburgh T..... Indias fits. United Presbyterian 
Alter, Mary Martha Payne (Mrs. 

ESVUITIOE AK te tee ale ale later miata etal te Wee v7 Westminster Gunaeee Malek owas ails Andie Wann United Presbyterian 
Amerman, Bertha Estella......... v Whitworth C, C of Wooster...... Persia..... Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
Anderson, Dr. John Todd........ v Furman U, Wake Forest C, U of 


f Louisville M, N. Y. Post-Grad. M China..... Southern Baptist Con. 
Anderson, Minnie Claire Middle- » Meredith C, Baptist Woman’s Trs 


ton (Mrs. John Todd). ......0.). (Louisville) ei aaa Marea aiues China wary Southern Baptist Con. 
Andrews, Louise Hazel.....:..... v Baptist Woman’s Trs (Louisville). China..... Southern Baptist Con. 
Anker, Hatry, Peters Ju sua. v Hope C, Vanderbilt U T......... Africa tar 4s Methodist Episcopal, South 
Annis, Stanley Ewart............ U of Toronto, v Victoria C, Kennedy . 

he Bee MIRCEA Wises Ol AE RAL SEA China..... Methodist Ch., Canada 
Archer, Edna Priscilla Caye (Mrs. 

Raymond LeRoy). .).) shied s0: « 9 Chicago) BvantInstiici disses aie Malaysia.. Methodist Episcopal 
Archer) William Bui eee aclu cia his v AsburyiC Jae een a S. Amer... Methodist Episcopal 
Arnold, Roger David............ v9 William Jewell Co.cc. co eee Chinag. 2). MaMa Gr AG 
Arnold, Eleanor Tracy (Mrs. Roger 

BVA eiuietee cree ba cre lena! RCT Lawrence C, » State N (Milwaukee) China..... ; 

Ashcraft, Edwin Perry........... 9 Ul ot So. Calfornia a wuateuienles China i" Free Methodist 
Asper}| Ome ass eae aerate eas v St. Oaf C, United Church T..... China.;..% - United Nor. Luth. Ch. 
Aston, Gladys Ruth.) .c 000.6. 050'.4 v Chris. Alliance Trs (Nyack), Bap 

tist Trs (Phila.), West Side H 

(Scranton) eyaecee) pie ienine eee Chima wicca. Woman's Baptist F. M. S. 
Atkinson, Edward Grant......... v Moody Trs, McCormick T....... S. Amer... F. M.S. of the Brethren Ch. 
AN StI T, JUS SAUL ele isalsie lot e eval Vale'U 2 Hartford: Toyo cee ets phiippincs American Board 
*Austin, Christian Lillian......... So. Presbyterian C (N. C.)....).... Korea..... Presbyterian, South 
Baber, Ray Brwits Py ities hase » CampbelliC new aise eae ere Ching mie Canton Christian College 
Bacon, Edna Gertrude........... v Epworth Evan. Trs (St. Louis), 

Central Holiness U, Albion C, . 

Chicago Evan;)Trsi. jet 6.00 5 India seu. W. F. M.S. Meth. Epis. 
Ballot, Barle Holt.) aves es oe sles v YalelU Hartford) Diecut amen Chingaeicals American Board 
Ballou, Thelma Gertrude Havens _ 

(Mrs? Barle Hort) ene ee Middlebury |Co a e iaeere wae Chinas... American Board 

Barnes, Grace Elizabeth.......... v Greenville C, Bible Teachers Trs 

CN Waive) ead a aie tee tt ROH tela india nye. igs oo 
Barnhart; Byron Patiiesieielese seve Penn C, v Y. M.C. A. Trs (Chicago) Korea..... 
Barrow, John Vermillion......... oof Texas) ie lee ous China os Stok Christian College 
Bartel Bena ee aes aie v Tabor C (Hillsboro, Kans.)....... Chinayii China Mennonite Mission 
Bartlett, Sadie Christina......... v Dakota Wesleyan U.......0...+- S. Amer... Methodist Episcopal 
Bartlett, Willard William......... Potsdam N, Clarkson Sch., of Tech., 


; Colgate U., Columbia U. Grad.... Burma.... Am. Bap. For. Miss. Soc. 
Bartlett, Marguerite Louise Allen Franklin C, Bible Teachers Trs 


(Mrs. Willard William)......... (NW w Columbia llc mec. Burma.... Am. Bapt. For. Miss. Soc. 
*Batdorf, Charles William........ v U of California and Grad......... China Nien Methodist Ch., Canada 
Beam, Florence Cozad Newell 

(MrevKennethys.) iin sles ior v Oberlin S and C, Lake Erie C..... Japan..... American Board 
Beattie, Margaret Grace......... Presbyterian Trs (Toronto), »U of ' 

Toronto eye eee aiiaattal rg W. Indies.. Presbyterian Ch., Canada 
Bell, Dre Ue Nelsoninticn awit seit. es v Wie gph sk and Lee U of Virginia ; 
MAN At hate VO Valera! AUR NTR a loeate Be an eA China..... Presbyterian, South 
Bell, Virginia Myers Leftwich St. Mates H (Richmond), v Assem- : 

(Mrs. LAliNelson ase cee iets bly’s Trs (Richmond).....3.6... Chinaisv enn Presbyterian, South 
Bembower, William.............. Ohio State U, v U of California..... India cae « Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
‘Berg, Henry Williamin mics cme 9 Pornona! Cua ute Goes eas Hawaii.... Lyon’s Sch. for Boys 
Bergens, Jessie Ruth............. Cleveland N. v Florence Harkness 

p Severance Drei. caih ee vam siete Mexico.... Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
Bergquist, Carl Johan............ v North Park C, Fjellstedtska Skolan 


(SWeEdeM) ore cibisieseler'savdcede rer ararralire CHINA ae wise Swedish Miss. in China 


SAILED LIST—I9Q16 467 


NAME INSTITUTIONS FIELD MISSIONARY AGENCY 
Birtchet, Grover Cleveland....... v Albany C, San Francisco T....... S. Amer... Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
tBishop, Francene Lewise........ v Pomona C, State N (Los Angeles) India..... W.F. M.S. Meth. Epis. 
Hidland || Clara ade ee eee v Moody Trs, Chris. Alliance Trs } 

: : CN aCe Ue eu ee Seana Indiagy hi Chris. and Miss. Alliance 
Blair Prederic Howes: cides su v U of Minnesota, Boston UT..... Japan in. Methodist Episcopal 
Blaisdell, Thomas Charles, Jr...... v Alma C, Konigstadische Oberreal- 

schule (Berlin), Paustate Cove uk Indiana ws Presbyterian, U. S. A. 
Bock, William Henry............ v Ashland C, U of Chicago T....... S. Amer... F. M.S. of the Brethren Ch. 
Bock, Edna Grace Polk (Mrs. 
William Heary es Maile see gp Ashland (Cr eens a an ornaMets ov S. Amer... F. M.S. of the Brethren Ch. 
Boggs, Ethel Ashmore........... v Northfield S, New England Baptist 
H, Bible Teachers Trs (N. Y. C.), 
Sloane A eshn Utuisitenieae ce S Tdi a Woman’s Baptist F. M. S. 
Borders, Karl Myrtle............ v Transylvania ie a of the Bible, 
Union vir GNays Cal ey Philippines For. Chris. Miss. Soc. 
Borders, Mary Caldwell Gayle 
(Miss ark Myrtic) op ccislateris sats YelraneylyanialU yess ncioe elas Philippines For. Chris. Miss. Soc. 
Bording, Maren Petersen......... H (Denmark), v Chicago Trs....... Philippines W. F. M.S. Meth. Epis. 
*Bower, Carleton Warde......... Mitilisdale Coser UO roles med Japans.|s).. Government School 
Bradshaw, Ruth Frances Chapman 
CMirsMOnny styrenic eater OUT ara, Ce een te Nialelarstatar a a eral lle Chingy 
*Brawthen, Clara Marie.......... @ Northwestern Uitte esitiey wrevarele Hawaii.... Oahu College 
Breck, Grace Marion sie). lelsjers! «/s\e1s IN GR LEVING saislaiee siete sla ye het aval e China..... American Board 
Brinton, Thomas Baker........... West Chester State N (Pa.), » Dick- t 
itt insomC) Garrett Ers wa te APTACE sratelet Methodist Episcopal 
Brittingham, Harriet Helen....... » Bible Teachers Trs CNR ARCOM A a China vias Woman’s Baptist F. M. S. 
Brown, Harry Winthrop......... Parke Cone MMAR AM SANT Te aie Hndiatse.), Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
Brown, Alice Mary Piper (Mrs. 
Harry.\Winthrop): s\oicis sles ars (oles SP Parke CW Man hale aietols tessierelelionst ays atone Indiat thn. Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
Brown, LeRoy LePark............ HMoedy) Trs tives wavs ea athe aie cia ote Persian vane 
Brown iOral Carles i awelanelsoie > ML AY IO tyr ielensiive aval cleiavns valet aperatalsvans Chinas .)s South Chih-li Mission 
Burket, Everett Stanley.......... v McMinnville C, Newton T....... China Am. Bap. For. Miss. Soc. 
Burket, Margaret Larne Campbell , 
(Mrs. Everett Stanley).)........ o MoMann vallei Gone cglsnlsrelstal ale China aust. Am. Bap. For. Miss. Soc. 
Burris, Robert Shull...... Fist Wa Christian aulisnce Trs (Nyack), 
oe Miood yi irs Tae et aae earls China..... Chris. and Miss. Alliance 
Burris, Trenna Belle Strasser (Mrs. Christian AliGiag Trs (Nyack), 
Roberti Shull) weenie we ae G O Mood Ere cneibe a sta satel s eislanele Chinaiaas Chris. and Miss. Alliance 
*Bush, Grace Olive Kahl (Mrs. 
Raymond 1B AN re PR Les UCIiCARONL TSM a etun nialaty elcletels eines Africa. .... Methodist Episcopal 
aera Wd Weavers te eis avs late D ROCHESbET Ecumeale ele eeteete ete S. Amer... 
Butts, ices Re ae Ono DA Erb) Coes uel elacistessnaiarsluce inal alae China..... 
Butts, Ethel Ida McCartney (Mrs. 
Victor R. JL SENSES Seca ae ACen med PA lberb Croan ww ite tess lai tesa stent Chinas! No, 
*Caburet, Emma Eugenie........ © Gordon T'rs an terials eed France.... McAll Mission 
Cady, Muriel Emmett Poor (Mrs. A 
Jee gente qhtin 1 OY) iol Dine a a @ Oberlin: Gane eetetete adie ale ststale China. American Board 
Camp, Evalyn Amelia........... o Wiot! Minnesotais nee ena Japan... Woman’s Baptist F. M. S. 
Campbell, Archibald. ............ U of Washington, v Princeton T.. Korea}: Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
Campbell, Helen Maxwell Ott, Bryn Mawr C, Philadelphia N, U of 
(Mrs. Archibald) Ss co aN aoa Pennsylvania A YUM OMEN MOD. Ionita A Korea) 5.4 Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
Cass, Gertrude Lenfesty.......... N (Stratford, Ont.), v Presbyterian ‘ 
Tre (Loronto)inse ee sae dle a iete Korea scan Presbyterian Ch., Canada 
Cavert, Samuel McCrea.......... vUnion C and Grad., Union T ; 
(OR Gah O79 Ma ALS OLENA AM MLLER AME sa ciauney sits 
*Chafin, Anna Margaret Bair (Mrs. 
Victor) pAccilbls ater nee ordre aud eer Iowa State N, » Central Holiness U Korea..... Presbyterian, U.S. A. 

- Chalmers, Eleanor Moulton....... v Boston U, Chicago rs yu i Oke Indigw. suk W. F. M.S. Meth. Epis. 
Cheney, Alfred GiGdreyic seek ss , v Coe C, McCormick T.........0-- Mexico.... Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
Childs, John Lawrence........... vO of Wisconsin (ys cea caiman China sau) Wer MC. A: 

Christie, Jean Ogilvy............. v Wellesley C, Columbia U, Union T ! 

CNGY DY Oe RL TAIL OA te Ae Cait ben Turkey.... Constantinople College 
Chute, Elberta Faith............ Carson and Newman C, U of Tennes- f . 

see, v Baptist Trs (Chicago) NV ee indiate. Woman's Baptist F. M.S. 
¥ Clare suey Ks. cairo este sce .... Buffalo State N , v Kennedy Trs.... Ceylon.... American Board 
AGW TV erste ors re etree, Dae a) een Yo v Ohio Wesleyan U, Boston U T, ! h A 

Ober lice lon ys Steves Gy sth aera ss Tndiaias vols Methodist Episcopal 
*Coale, Olive Grace Woodford : 

(Mrs. Willis Branson).......... v Folts Trs, Syracuse U, Oberlin C.. Hawaii.... Hawaiian Evan. Board 
*+Colby, Elsie Jones (Mrs. Wm.G.) State N (Los Asvigeles))s sla)s oe eis ts Chinatians, 
Coles John Silas Rex iis syiti asiae o Drake U,.U of Chicago ii\ssJo0.. Japan. eels Government School 
Colson, Ethelwyn Biowucit Da asian v Utica S. Weston C....-.....000- China..... Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
Connely, Frank Hutchins......... v William Jewell C, So. Baptist T... China..... Southern Baptist Con. 
Connely, Mary Lu Sears (Mrs. » Hardin C, Baptist Woman’s Trs i 
Pranicoelitohinsy iy vets dose eaiecs RCottisville yee iuk s Wire| Gaweysleune « Ching cas Southern Baptist Con. 

Cooke, Hester Locke............. OUT omCaltornigie san vies ceciap ae iate India... Presbyterian, U.S. A 
Coont edith Marion .)8s 5s. Sisis.ecsle UP Mtublolyo ice Gee WN aa India ein American Board 
Cooprider, Dr. Florence Virginia... v Goshen C,U of Illinois M,Woman’s " ; 

FiCPhila eveesston) Drsiieuirsy ests. Tadia wy sae Mennonite 
pase aes eh, Charlotte) =. on 40s Oberlin C, U of Minnesota........ Japamecse. " 
CGUCDPELeleD ig cscialslecs'es Welesskce v Ohio Wesleyan U, Kennedy Trs... Japan..... W.F. M.S. Meth. Epis. 
Crane, Pauloackett. 0. osc ese woe v Southwestern Presbyterian U, Un- ) 

jon TiGRichmond Poh sisi ane Korea..... Presbyterian, South 


tDeceased. 


468 


CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 








NAME INSTITUTIONS FIELD MISSIONARY AGENCY 
*Crane, Rolin’ Chillions). 7 4) yd v Park C, Valparaiso U............ hina, i. 
*Cumming, Charles Gordon....... Dalhousie U, U of Chicago, » Union 
TECNE RY ci APES eID Pus er ics ea W. Indies.. Presbyterian Ch., Canada 
*Davidson, Dr. Douglas Treat.... » Yale U, Harvard M, U of Pennsyl- 
Wate IM cco ee ene aa enna Ing ess. Yale Foreign Miss. Soc. 
*Davidson, Dr. Ellen Hooker (Mrs. Smith C, »v Drexel Inst., Woman’s M ; 

Douglas Treat) Met ots k Pag) Z Be (Philar) Oy aa ie ee hina Yale Foreign Miss. Soc. 
Davis, Ethel Loretta...:.....;5... o Park. it Vou aE ay a aie A China..... Presbyterian, U. S. A. 
Davison, Waldo Burton... .....+.. oP Bere li len sas Games AAA RE Sia en S. Amer.... Y. M.C.A. ‘ 
Davison, Marguerite Porter (Mrs. 

Waldo Burton) io.) yon Benes: 9 Berea (Cue Ge Bai 05 ee erie Bayt S. Amer 
Day, Miriam Lois suai teas ss Iowa State N, » Houghton T, Ken- i 

nedy, ‘Trs.t Ss ea eee Africa les. Wesleyan Methodist 
Dean, Jennie Flora.............. v Dakota Wesleyan U............. Malaysia... W. F. M.S. Meth. Epis. 
Dextér) Burt Lee ies bak BatesiCirrns cdg eee eee nie oot S. Amer... Methodist Episcopal 
*Dickey, Nannie Opie (Mrs. Harry : 

Elverton)tehanep cutie cient isvele Northwestern U, v Hanna T....... India..... Evan. Luth. Ch. in U.S. A. 
Dodd), DuncaniMiynnjaiien.ces vee v Boston U, Wesleyan U, Trinity C , : 

(Hartford) siz. bh chosen crane: hinaweees Methodist Episcopal 
Dodd, Dr. Edward Mills......... Princeton U, v Cornell M, Meth. } 

Epis. 1 (Brodklyn) aces snes Persia..... Presbyterian, U. S. A, 
Dolive, Walter Covington........ Southwestern Presbyterian U, » Pres- : 

byterian T of Kentucky......... China..... Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
Donaldson, Fred’k Frow Goodline.v Oberlin C and T................. Chinas ts co American Board 
Dosker, Richard John wiee es 6 aie Central U, v Presbyterian T of Ken- 

\ tucky, Princeton U Grad........ Japanese. Presbyterian, U.S. A. 

Dran /Annie S:.pi arson svewieitiaty ote Simmons C, New England Cons. of ’ 

Music,:9) Moody? Brsicts saree eee Hawaii.... Protestant Episcopal 
*Draper, Marion Romer.......... vw Syracuse, Ue ana ee Japanss. 
Duncan, Antoinette Banks (Mrs. ; 

Kenneth} eins Sih Raye aa mania oe ot dich SURES Ray LA ETE Led Me tess Tea Chinasc Canton Christian College ~ 
Dunham, Marion Elise Guthrie ‘ 

(MrstHarry Jessup)s eens yo Syracuse UT ean aemsiiscaie eee ate tee Chinas..22)/. Yale Foreign Miss. Soc. 
*Dunkum, John Albert........... vw Asbury Coy Po saincons «alcatel tieatenens Cen. Am... 

Dupertits holntis)- (elec ciaisealene Arete U of Puget Sound, v Colorado C,... Alaska.... Government School 
Dyer, Dr. Lora Genevieve........ Smith C, v Woman's M (Philaie er niChinageens American Board 
Bdens, Olive Daa militias varices Carson and Newman C, » Baptist t 

; i Woman’s Trs (Louisville)....... Africa..... Southern Baptist Con. 
Ellis, Nina Pauline s/s oe we cise 6 v C of Wooster, Western Reserve U Japan..... erro) U.S.A. 
Emery, Phoebe Elizabeth......... Bakers Uaisa heer pos wave eine olathe: ie A W. F. S. Meth. Epis. 
Erickson, Alma Serafla........... o- Moody Nisan sc ne oe ems eats China..... Sviedishy Alliance Miss. 
*Estes, Caroline Margaret Lee 

(Mrs. Charles Edward)......... v7 Oberlin (Greek. ciaceosla toeeaeteretere Turkey.... Robert College 
Ewers, Lavinia Gladden.......... mMaryville G yitauk chica hs nae vebaatels China..... Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
Ewing, Raymond Hood.......... v William Jewell C................ China..... m. Bap. For. Miss. Soc. 
*Farrior, Stacy Conrad). 420.4. e Davidson CA eer davon eles kre China . Presbyterian, South 
*Fauske, Dina K. Thompson (Mrs. é 

Herman! Siuiiks th sac aioe as viUnion Irs (Brooklyi)are ernie China . Lutheran Ch., Norway 
Ferguson, Marion Black.......... eUniversity/ Conia Misty fycacuot Indiateye sr Dom. Coun. ¥. W. C. A. 
Fillmore, Annie Louise........... v U of Cincinnati, C of Missions (In- : 

dignapolis) ALC Rage ik sare hina..... For. Chris. Miss. Soc. » 

Flagg, Herbert William........... Moody Trs, v Harvard U.......... ake ene China Inland 
Mord, Ferberb usu whiueretyasbie ele ge U of Nebraska, » U of Chicago T... W.Indies.. Baptist Home Miss. Soc. 
Foster, Frank Clifton............ McMinnville C, vy Colby C......... ‘ China SHS Of Am. Bap. For. Miss. Soc. 
Fox;jSilasiPowler (eaHee 60.2 v Toronto Biblewn iva: a danteeen India..... Ceylon and India General 

ox, Emma Grau (Mrs. S he # Toronto; Bible: Cos snk waenis ss aivtels Indian sec Ceylon and India General 
Fraas, Pauline Augusta Sophia. . v Los’Angeles 4Prs sca e times as tale Africa tes. Africa Inland , 
*iiutler) Bthel Inez es ene v Hedding C, Northwestern U...... Mexico 
Garner, Holly P............-.... Blue Ridge C, Bethany Trs........ India. 4s\--0- Church of the Brethren 
Garner, Kathryn E. Barkdoll (Mrs. 4 

FLOM yy ie eee in oa Mt. Morris C, Bethany Trs........ Indians. Church of the Brethren 
Gates,/ Moore suing un dietician aia uPrinceton U7 s cis ht aa wai ne alole Turkey.... Robert College 
Gault, Frank Meikle............. v C of Wooster, McCormick T..... Airicasas Presbyterian, U.S. A 
Ghiseliri @harlest)Jrsenian er ats Washington and Lee U, Princeton U 

Grads, ol siden coe ee Meee ohana Chinas. vex Presbyterian, South 
Goldblatt, Joseph Milner......... Kansas ‘City Law, v Wesleyan U.... China..... Methodist Episcopal 
Goodwin, Mary Merrick......... v Bryn Mawr C, Radcliffe C Grad.. China..... p 
Gordon; Simeon Moore: ........5. 0 U of Californias Jasin ye ee cess China..... Presbyterian, U. S. A. 
Gosma,(Flo' Maes 2aahim ude. © o Hillsdale’ G sev: ae on ene China Soo. 
Grafton, Homer Harold.......... Fairmount C, » U of Kansas Grad.. Japan..... Y. M.C.A. 
Grafton, Eva Rebecca Weiner 

(Mrs. Homer Harold).......... Fairmount C, » C of Wooster...... Japan... ! 

Graham, Eleanor Dell............ 9 Wesley (Comic ale RRS rere a ls same s China . Wom. S. Meth. Ch., Canada 
Gregg, Alice Henrietta........... v Winthrop C, Church Deaconess Trs ) 
: CPHUaY) ince cares capes ota hina..... Protestant Episcopal 
*Grimm, Alfred Frederick........ v Westminster Goin naman W. Indies... Y. M.C.A. 
*Gunderson, Adolphus Eugene.... Moody Trs, » Illinois C, U of Wiscon- ' 
sin, Evan. Nor. Luther on BAe Atricay. ot Sudan Interior 
Hall |Clydevyfesse. jet iat v Baker U, Boston U T.. . Malaysia.. Methodist Episcopal 
Hall, Mary Melissa Beecher (Mrs. i ’ 
Clyde Jesse) ee SR ae eta fA 2 otate IN) (Emporia) heirs mike alin Malaysia... Methodist Episcopal 


iHaillsRovaliGlenn ss one. eee ee 
Hall, Ella Martin Taylor (Mrs. 
Royal Glenn) 


ParkC,v U of IllinoisGrad.,AuburnT Siam...... 
vPark C, Bible Teachers Trs 
NO YaGo ele teas cieeiane meek 


Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
Presbyterian, U.S. A. 


SAILED LIST—I916 


469 








NAME INSTITUTIONS FIELD 
Hamilton, Marietta... 6........0. Monmouth Gr) Saal sent ere Bae Indiahy.. 5.4 
Hansen, Elizabeth Inga.......... v Northfield S, Mass. General H.... Ceylon... 
Harner, Prank Emery.0.. 90.1... PEiram ©). Union ly CNY oo) aera eat 


Harner, Blanch May Davis (Mrs. 


Branlsbmery)o. aiesiee wee cae: dram GC Berea Covuivuerso cokes Endiar yy. 
EVATTOLY | CSSIC ihe) cfarers!t stan et net se Louisville City H, v Moody Trs.... Africa..... 
Harris, Edith Gillespie........... Dw Wos Angeles 1 rS450 oe us csp we ale Africas. i, 
Harris, George Kauffelt.......... U of Washington: Art Inst. of Chic- 

ago, oi Moody: irs ieinnae seed Chinaaeene 


Harrison, Regina Rabbe (Mrs. 


MIssIONARY AGENCY 


United Presbyterian 
. American Board 
For. Chris. Miss. Soc. 


For. Chris. Miss. Soc. 
Dutch Ref. Ch. of S. Africa 
Africa Inland 


China Inland 


anadt Wis). nba chev anate (a hitae ie sed alees ve Wain Provestantibiueirtdemectioee Arabia.... Reformed Ch. in Amer. 

Hartness, Marion Easter......... Carroll C, Northland C, v Alma C.. Korea..... 
*Hartsough, Ralph Clayton....... Hastings C, » Nebraska ‘Wesleyan U, 

; Kansas State U............2.-% China id, CAG 
*Hartsough, Jessie A. Hull (Mrs. 

RalpniCisvton) = on cat eres ces v Nebraska Wesleyan U........... Chima 
eT artung, LOIS) JOY se) sisi ayes 4s giGornell CAnUy ay aletkaareaa heeds lif Mexico.... W. F. M.S. Meth. Epis. 
Hartzler, Coleman Clark......... v Missouri Wesleyan U, Garrett Trs Africa..... Methodist Episcopal 
Hartzler, Lucinda Lee Padrick »State N (Los Angeles), U of So. 

(Mrs. Coleman Clark)......... California iery Wye Rie as sy vets Mes Africa..... Methodist Episcopal 
Hate Bila Alletta:: je... 24s. sss o Coe Ont Gye ERM, | UU ek ileal S. Amer... W. F. M.S. Meth. Epis. 
Hayes, Warren Hiram...:....... v Lebanon Valley C, Otterbein U, 

Princeton, andre aol tse Japan..... United Brethren 
Hayes, Ila M. Bale (Mrs. Warren ; 

labhy:kae))in eke pie Ae ninety ane = iA een Ohio State U, Otterbein U......... Japamvee United Brethren 
Hekhuis,.Lambertus. /........... Hope C, » Western T (Holland, 

i ; Mich) acike Melgar Pacis a eee DAI) Aye, « Reformed Ch. in Amer. 
Hekhuis, Jennie Immink (Mrs. 

ATID STEHS eee nena ale HopeiG beta atdwsecinaa ida ae al torsernies India’. 5.) Reformed Ch. in Amer. 

Hewey, Clarissa Allen............ New England Women’s and Child- 

ten 'sii is Gordon Irs.. dil seles Ching Je)" Woman's Baptist F. M. S. 
Prine, Lemma Mave ied Gets oils 5 Hood C, » Baptist Trs (Phila.)..... Chinasauess Am. Bap. For. Miss. Soc. 
Hinkhouse, Dr. Myrtle JANE Tecan » Parsons C, v Grinnell C, Woman's M 

CR bra) Brien ie, Cactia eae ts China... Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
LOR G Hy UCh selene acteranie ate oe + v Southwestern C (Kansas)........ Indiaaiszi2 W.F. M.S. Meth. Epis. 
*Hobart, Elizabeth © ...).0\2..%.5.4 +01 7 Northwestern Ui. 1) eamiecsns Chinalilins W. F. M.S. Meth. Epis. 


Hobgood, Tobitha Lien Alderson Beaumond C, » C of whereas beeen 


(Masailentry | Clay) okt dnc as ianapolis), Butler C..... AS MATTICN a car. 
Hodges, Martha Dodsell......... gi Cleveland Trsiiiia.Ge soandh dee Endiat cn 
PLO ere PANTO Ws dyutic sii cialis ete eliele v McPherson C, Bethany Trs...... Indiawsere 
HolmbereyGeorve orbhutine gases DONOrtn Park Cone ioe wale S. Amer... 
*Holmes, Jerome Crane.......... o Bates, CG; Hartiordi@uriweyses ates Japan... 
Holt, Nancy Rebecca............ v Randolph-Macon Woman’sC, Scar- 

PICU PLES Sele eer A ees S. Amer... 
Hoogestraat, Christine Vive...... Occidental C, National Y. W. C. A. 

Trg) CNY OL aeooatas ater scenes S. Amer... 
Hooper, Rosalie Geraldine Edwards i 

(UMremjamesi eon) sialic es ass v Meridian C, Scarrit Trs.......... Philippines 
PIOTSieHVitlespee eh yatsy ssa ets sv aies o Pa Jotate'C nia slgebalt Ob) cy ae S. Amer... 
Horton mosey Mee eee: bas Central State N (Pa.), v Moody Trs Africa..... 
Howey, Harriet May............ Ohio Northern U, » Ohio Wesleyan U Japan..... 
tHudson, George Alexander...... o Davidsorm' Curaneceieaate. dello ane Chinas ls: 
eItphes;,, HleanOn ie dmpe cece css» Margate C (England), Royal Alex- 

andra H, v Presbyterian Trs (Tor- 
OTTO) Netgear Nett a tere ate eee Korea..... 
Hunter, William Alfred.......... v Manitoba U, Presbyterian C (Mon- 
itreal) is lOrOntOMETSis escent W. Indies.. 
Husted, Edith Evelyn............ 2: Oberlin: Congres ae ae Wapany sass 
Hutchison, Psthereae-e ae... 222 0 Ohio Wesleyan’ U....)). 4.5... os 6 S. Amer... 
Hutchison, Florence Ashmore..... WestmuristeriG shu no eda ne eete Egypt..... 
Hyneman, Ruth Eliza............ Oakland City C, v Ill. Holiness U, 
INSHury Cee scien iene ak Ae Tndiayps. 
Hickijohn“Theronuii. ss cases ¢\Tavior) U;, Syracuse U queen soci (Chingy. 
Illick, Bernice Loie Rowland (Mrs. 

John Mheron)). erraees oeee hiNe WISYVTACUSE On ede eid ce ne etiag Ment Ching... 
Finke ‘Richard! Jatoboeeemenec as. Rochester T, »y Newton T.......... S. Amer... 
Insicas Myron Otiswae, sane ne tate Morningside C, Boston U T....... Indian. ch 
Insko, Amelia Mary Abell (Mrs. 

Miron Otis) sacs aes their ents 5 v Iowa Trs (Des Moines).......... Bdiania lets 
Ison, Grace Daswell 8053.56.40. PASHUTV ICE Anca nas Hear o ee Malaysia. . 
Names: Leora Civili, coset ete ie DP Peaceiinstenaisd et cate cin ceisler S. Amer... 
Jenness, Richard Esselstyn....... v U of Denver, McCormick T...... China... . 
Jenness, Lillian Holmes Keyes ¢ 

(Misa tsichard: Psaelstum hastens om aieieraenc aie Meteelnre rah telaauia he le meatal yet cle Ching ey. 
mJoOnnEsOn, Alberts List suit fe ane Western N (Stockton, Cal.), »Los_ | 

ADO CLOS ETS Halas W eiglialehel svedeijece!s China pres 
*Johnson, Elna Sophia Lundell 7 

Mirena Derbi ion) ores co dlas aades 1s @MosVAngeles (ITS. by. u/c seca Perera OLIN Aa wa hi 

*Johnson, Helga Berthina........ pecs N (Mayville, N. D.) » Chicago in 
WEP Paras tie cts teres lay mesevete s . Amer... 
*Johnson, Hilma Maria.......... PUNOLEDE RAT C Moni a wiccceeichaicie stoke China..... 


tDeceased. 


For. Chris. Miss. Soc. 
Salvation Army 

Church of the Biethron 
Scandinavian Alliance 


.. American Board 


Wom. Coun. M. E. So. 
Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
Africa Inland 

W. F. M.S. Meth. Epis. 
Presbyterian, South 
Presbyterian Ch., Canada 
Presbyterian Ch., Canada 
American Board 
Methodist Episcopal 
United Presbyterian 


W. F. M.S. Meth. Epis. 
Methodist Episcopal 


Methodist Episcopal 
Methodist Episcopal 
Methodist Episcopal 
Methodist Episcopal 
Presbyterian, South 
Presbyterian, U.S.A 
Presbyterian, U .S. A. 
Swed. Miss. Cov. of Amer. 
Swed. Miss. Cov. of Amer. 


Mackenzie College 
Swed. Miss. Cov. of Amer. 


470 


NAME INSTITUTIONS FIELD MISSIONARY AGENCY 

Johnson, Sigrid Christina......... v Kalamazoo C, U of Mich. Sch. for ‘ 

INtrses sift ica e SUS ats [ndiay..ce Am. Bap. For. Miss. Soc. 
Jones, David Rees. eusie ee esate DO MGad Yi LPS 50 sich ea eae eae India gs Ceylon and India General 
Jones, Milton Edward........... DUpper Lowa Wo. saws ee wt uote oe Malaysia.. Methodist Episcopal 
Kanaga, Nina) Louise... $0010! 2. o Ulof Kansas ou inane ares S. Amer... Methodist Episcopal 
Kauffman, Daniel Royer......... v Albright C, Bible Teachers Trs 

CNY Ce) ee ee i vehacate ener eras China..... United Evan. Church 
Kellersberger, Dr. Eugene Roland. 2» U of Texas, Washington U M. Africa..... Presbyterian, South 
Kellersberger, Edna Helena Bosche Washington C, » Moody Trs, U of ; ; 

(Mrs. Eugene Roland)......... Texas, Scarritti Tae chances TICavee ne Presbyterian, South 
Kelsey, Mary Maud............. 9 Waasar Cu cvs bo cease eee India ; 

Kenyon, Haran | Morton's. cine d' UO, of Den vers uiije scwcd aie cate! tore apan. oh. Government School 
*Killam, Lloyd Randolph......... v William Jewell C, Brown U Grad.. Hawaii.... Y. M.C. A. : 
King, Florence Grace............ v Ohio Wesleyan U, Cincinnati Trs.. India..... W. F. M.S. Meth. Epis. 
Kintigh, Stanley W........50..5 Campbell, C v Kansas City U...... Ching s.u%s United Brethren 
Kintigh, Winifred C. Huxtable b 

(MrsvStanley We) este ta v Illinois State N, U of Illinois..... China..... United Brethren 
*Kirby, Lilla Die Wi nates ie cists Iowa State Teachers C, v Baptist Trs ’ : ; 

J (Ghicago)ith. iia doe mave eke Mexico.... Baptist Home Miss. Soc. 
Klingeberger, Ida Martha........ McGee Holiness T, v Greenville M.. India..... 

Kostrup, Bertha Alfrida Christen- H (Denmark), » Chicago Trs, Ill. 

Sera, es ah ara ies Ure alee atlanta Wiehe ety TrnigiSchs fori Nurses eaieielees Philippines W. F. M. S. Meth. Epis. 
Krause, Vernette Grover......... Stanford U, v U of Redlands...,... India..... Am. Bap. For. Miss. Soc. 
Krespach, Olive Frances.......... Bible Teachers Trs (N. Y. C.)...... China dio Methodist Episcopal 
Lake, Ruth Beulah Manning (Mrs. Colorado C, »U of Neb. Cons. of : 

Veo ‘Clarence iran aaa Masigy yee Pee he mee tnatdcdane Japan. sci. Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
Lancaster, Lewis Holladay........ v Hampden - Sidney C, Union T ‘ 

(Richmond eigen, tiie eaiaree China >. 35 Presbyterian, South 
Leach, Dr. Clara Chase..3/0).4/.1... v U of Vermont, Wellesley C, Temple . 

Le ee ee ree OUD eth EL Pr eA apa YN A] Sa ak Pe Woman’s Baptist F. M. S. 
Lee, Frederic Edward............ v Cherokee Co. S, U of Kansas, Yale : 

U Grad) andtle anak Gees Tapany eae For. Chris. Miss. Soc. 
Lennox, Dr. William Gordon...... » Colorado C, Harvard M......... China..... Methodist Episcopal 
Lewis, Charles Henry............ v Occidental C, Princeton T........ China..... Presbyterian, U. 
Lewis, Charles Henry............ v Occidental C, Princeton T........ Chinavaiss Presbyterian, U. S. A. 
Lichtwardt, Henry Herman....... g.berea CG, Oberlin’ Cae rie eee S.. Amer. 2, YM. Cl AL 
Lichtwardt, Ruth Ora Moyer (Mrs. 

Henry''Herman) .i)ies ence v Oberlin Con. of Music........... Ss. Am 
Liljestrand, Dr. Sven Herman..... vsSyracase U,and Mi ickleuien ys China..:.. "Methodist Episcopal 
Liljestrand, Ethel Ruth Hardy ! 

(Mrs. Sven Herman)........... mi Syracuse Ui. b5/c kw aise seteete ehrata Chinas... Methodist Episcopal 
Linn; Clara Hlise win njsaensn eke DEVartOTG  LISin ees. cio esis a telelere wisce China... .. 

Lockhart, Eva Bessie............ bi fy N.S.), 9 Arcadia U...... Tndsa nee Baptist Ch., Canada 
*Loehr, George Robertiilriieaey: cco emMory Cal, eb ielsiqlclcie aicklns ele W. Indies.. Candler College 
Long, Herbert Collins............ William Jewett C, Brown U Grad., 

DP NGwtor Liesc evils wets shes eis iets In caiiaae Am. Bap. For. Miss. Soc. 
Loy, Nettella i. cyl. ue inves che tales 0 Baker Up ee Lie arene S. Amer... W. F. M.S. Meth. Epis. 
Lundeen, Anton Mander...:..... v Gustavus Adolphus C,Augustana T China..... China Augustana Miss. 


McBride, Nettie Grace........... 


McCartney, Blanche L........... 
McClure, Robert William........ 


McClure, Jeanie Sewell Graham 

(Mrs. Robert William) 
McCrory, Jeanette Lois.......... 
McKinney, Georgia Leslie........ 
McLauchlin, Wilfred Campbell.... 
McLauchlin, Elizabeth Trent Wil- 

son (Mrs. Wilfred Campbell).... 
*¥MeMiullin sArthur Bie.) occas 
McWilliams, Wilbert Roy 
Mabuce, Ethel Lindy 
McIntire, Frances Willard........ 


sete twee 


a 


MacMillan, Joseph Preston....... 
Maddock, Helen Edna 


Marks; Inez) May. \oniievre lle alevcse 


Marsh, Thomas Graham......... 
Matheson, Norah Evelyn... 
Matson, Wilbur Lynes........... 
Maxwell, Albert Sidney.......... 
Meinhardt, Ella Louise MacBain 

(Mrs. Carl D. ON Ce eat Aer 
Melrose, Paul Cunningham....... 
Melrose, Esther Agnew (Mrs. Paul 

Cuntingham)is oe dese oh ak 
Menzer, Edith Huldina........... 
Miller, Alvah L 





ee a a 


CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


Phila, Sch. for Nurses, Bellevue H, 


v Baptist Woman's Trs (Louisville) China..... Southern Baptist Con. 


vo Nebraska’ State! U wie yavee ese ce Indias) 5i W. F. M.S. Meth. Epis. 
v Mt. Hermon S, Bangor T, Dart- 
Mouths Te ae tel eae Ine wey, American Board 
DBALES| CO rewielereeseeloeaveleteitels ielerste ice China..... American Board | 
2 Cooper: Gee ae ein ee teal Egypt..... United Presbyterian 
TE Ob WOOstenaui ns bintieeiecdals/ anime Persia..... < 
v Davidson C, Union T (Richmond) China..... Presbyterian, South 
Westminster 9) .c eanieeioaciciearie China..... Presbyterian, South 
o Paris’ Oris Nhe Muiate atten eve Siam...... Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
‘Alberti C? a Victoria’ Co itaiticn sone ee Agr 3 Meee Ch., Canada 
Chicago Evan. Inst., » Taylor U.. urma.... W.F.M.S. Meth. Epis. 
v Goucher C, Hartford FLra; Chicago 
Dee Ts Sara ele e Gia evalec iene ita te Japan.ter W. F. M.S. Meth. Epis. 
DDT ew Tro kierahrste see eestor alone on Ge ete Chind acs Methodist Episcopal 
v U of California, Berkeley Trs, Epis. * 28 
Deaconess Trs (N. Y. C.)....... Hawaii.... Protestant Episcopal 
» Toronto Trs, AOE 8 Nursing-at- : 
Home Miss. Win ceo siatveds cereale Amer... Baptist Ch., Canada 
v Chicago Trs, U of So. California 
and © of Musicusimeces tn cree Hina... W. F. M. S. Meth. Epis. 
DW MOOGYy Urs aphaemre eis oie atte ce Africa..... Africa Inland 
... U of Manitoba, v Kennedy Trs..... India..... Ch. of Eng. in Canada 
v Kansas Wesleyan U............. gy eta . Methodist Episcopal 
v Davidson C, Union T (Richmond) S. Amer... 
PSV TACUSS Use jessie loieiex soles So teral ste China..... : 
v Lenox C. Princeton T...........- Chinat... Presbyterian, U. S. A. 
SIGENOX' Cy nia ciate s sicta ee piniolalsitiaus che Chingitic:c, Presbyterian, U. S. A. 
2 Los Angeles Pret yr. th cnc ea sists Cen. Am... Centra Amer. Miss. 
Morningside OS2e5). 9 iso cyst aie ae oe India. ce .t .M. CA, 


SAILED LIST—I19Q16 


NAME INSTITUTIONS FIELD 
Miller, Mildred Burritt Jones (Mrs. 

LIVEDEAL Alien tere ene nee te wil De Pauw U, Northwestern U...... Indiacy. 4): 
Miller, Charles Winthrop......... molar Ua sik a stones ae enol tne te Ceylon 
Miller, Grace, Ellen vty uens oy votate Ni (Emporia) yas ee wee ATricagy Ji. 
MI OMSL OI CHIC eye sean eee German H (Kansas City, Mo.) i 

bethany: (rsa oi duels eeu Ending: 
Moore, Joseph Wendell.......... v Nebraska Wesleyan U........... Philippines 
Moore, Clara Ethel Nordby (Mrs. 

Josephs Wendell)! Gaueves v Nebraska Wesleyan U........... ee 
*Moraller, Erick Ludwig......... v Y. M. C. A. Trs (Springfield)..... Russia. 
Moran, Ursul Mildred Reoa (Mrs. 

Sherwood F. Ds ee ale vii ee Oberlin Cons. of Music,» Redlands U Japan..... 
Morton, Clement Manly......... Atlantic Christian C Ty vC of Mis- 

sions) (Indianapolis) ver. dion wae S. Amer. 
Morton, Selah Louise Beam (Mrs. Washburn C, Red vat H (Kansas 

Clement Manly). vis Sees cients City,) Emergency H (Cleveland). 

v C of Missions (Indianapolis).... S. Amer... 
Moses, Mathilda Roberta!........ v Colo. St. Teachers C, Chicago Trs. India..... 
Moyer, Elgin Sylvester........... Manchester C, v Bethany Trs...... Chinai..2'.). 
Moyer, Lela Fae Sellers (Mrs. Manchester C, » Ill. Trng. Sch. for 

Blgin Sylvester) stick esc ea sey ots Narses te Oi RA iy DI iy Sulu China oi)... 
Maen borin y) 1) carters ie setts wie og C of Emporia and Grad.:........ Persian ails 
Munro, Harrison Clyde.......... PTAC ea eh ater ta ene Alaska 
Munro, Vera Fern Segur (Mrs. Tri-State C, Moody Trs, » Hiram C, 

Harrison Clyde)iin citer mnieelen ea ees C of Missions (Indianapolis) eRe Alaska 
Munroe, Helen Whiting.......... Radcliffe 'CoNewton Dalen van apa sus 2 
Myers, Bertha Lillian............ v Acadia Ladies S, Union Trs (Brook- 
; Tyra aes ree esi eeeiiceaon a alg canine ates Eckert yn AN 
Napp, Jamesth lias’. 27 heh oes uh.) Kalamazoo C, U of Chicago, Prince- { 
TON OManauerL cone cca ne Cues Tridia ees 
Nelson) Eva Lona us Wire ols telee i's oe va Carleton C, Chicago Trs......... Malaysia. . 
Nicholson, Adda Neva........... v Drake U, C of Missions (Indian- i 
‘ , ADOMS) reat malwls earleve eree ya eeuskalilat dee Badia ts) sis\. 
Nolting, Edward Louis........... rive i and Marshall C, » Hartford a 
Tye WA ScD Ye Sra ie tras an AT ei noe aie AN Te AGIAN Ae 
Noony james Arthurs. css cs es oe v U OL MUNOISM ielate ahs One e ee eres Philippines 
Oberholtzerisaiah Bayo. ats eee Juniata C, Yale U T, » Oberlin T... China..... 
Oberholtzer, Elizabeth Waybright 

(Merci isaian i) aie a LN ans er Manchester C,v Oberlin T......... China..... 
Odgers, George Allen............ Willamette U, » U of Nebraska..... Malaysia 
Ogden, Mildred Nora Blanchard Wheaton C, » Bible Teachers Trs 

Gvirst, Glenn Byron )iCie ii ee.sa)2 (NOW VCD) Stater Nae Maes Dnidiavie she): 
Oliver, Jay Charles...... Tilers en ete v Cornell C, U of Wisconsin........ China..... 
Opper, Burton Raymond......... Valparaiso U,v Taylor. U.. 25.6... Endiaac ais 
Osborn, Franklin Thorpe......... aU) of Idaho; Tot) Virginia ys) seas S. Amer 
Palethorpe, Emma May.......... v Presbyterian Trs (Toronto)...... Korea .!os..\. 
Parker, Mary Mabel............. v Methodist National Trs (Toronto) Japan..... 
Parra Lelancuiy bar se 2) ee 3.) v Drake U, U of Chicago.......... Egypt..... 
Parr, Grace Belle Ghormley (Mrs. 

LelanGuwalbur)iions selene «ss .ci O) Drake TU euly eiueige staph MAH eee Egypt..... 
Peet, Azalia) Maimimay, ec ccss iss. s+. Smith C, v Kennedy Trs........... Japan.aee 
Penney, Winnogene Cecelia....... Bethany Methodist H, » Kansas City 

National Tre Gea Mende aiale China: 
Pickett, Ruth Robinson (Mrs. Jar- 

rel Waskom) beet acy ee a Northwestern’ Uie Wari a iiers denies ae Dadian yet) 
Pierson, Dotty Alicene vaiess.s + sc es v Los Angeles Trs i 
Pierson, Flora Hamilton.......... v Los Angeles Trs i 
Pilcher, Raymond Fiske.......... v Albion '©)\Syracuse Uitew, ed san China 9.4). 
Pilcher, Esther Patterson Rulison 

(Mrs. Raymond Fiske)......... MATION Cae evsrslsskecs steven sloenen relates Ching sass. 
Pine, Gilbert AUCH min = nieies sic 9 Chicago Evan. inst. snles bees Africa..... 
Pine, Virginia Parsons (Mrs. Gil- 

bert A lien) Met caerea a vet ots crs: oiChicago Evan, Insta! wane sents sss Africas): 
Place, Pauline Allens. scien. 5... WISN AUW (Ue sen a ees aaseuie ieee lea Japanio. ss. 
Post, Edith M. Workman (Mrs. 

Henry AE Ws utes meen sete aliess Mt. Morris C, » McPherson C..... W. Indies.. 
Pawel Ralph Waterbury......... v Mich. Agrl. om Cornell U, Yale U. China..... 
Powell, Maude Esther Nason (Mrs. 

Ralph Waterbury) (eros ae MINION ASTIN C taking see vaumwerrets Ghing eens 
Power, Dr. Eugene Logan........ v Presbyterian C of S. C., U of Vir- 

i feghey MI toll cable hl lots REN ial kate Kiorea)./.4,./. 
Powles, Percival Samuel Carson... McGill U, Montreal Diocesan T.... Japan..... 
Price; Ernest Batson... 6.303000 v U of Rochester........ssseeceess China’... 
Prices Hattie May. ois vii. oe oe se v Ottawa U, Gordon Trs.......... Burma 
Price, Maurice Thomas.......... v U of Chicago, T and Grad., Oberlin ; 

? ; Te Rochestery Dui ytraacvateleaaiere anre China..... 
Quinton) Fannie sna nies sae a+ els PiIndrenmiotetenW i. swhs tenets ae Africa..:.. 
Rankin, Dr. Donald Thompson... v Davidson C, New York Homeo- 

Pa GHG VER eS Nev aial a crulcieeaven ts en. Am.. 
Reed, Harold Sammons.......... OASTONELCACVE na oias eroceysnicka oma Indians a2: 
Reed, Anna Benade (Mrs. Harold , 

Sammons)...........+. careses a, 2 Grove City Cans risa ase plan celeste India..... 
Reeder, Charles Vincent.......... Ohio Wesleyan U, v Western T..... China..... 
Reeder, Rudolph Rex, Jr......... Dartmouth C, » Columbia U....... Chinas. wis. 





471 


MISSIONARY AGENCY 


. American Board 


Presbyterian, South 


Church of the Brethren 
Methodist Episcopal 


giveron Episcopal 
MA Ci As 


American Board 


... Chris. Woman's Bd. M. 


Chris. Woman's Bd. M. 
W. F. M.S. Meth. Epis. 


Presbyterian, U.S. A. 


. Amer. Chris. Miss. Soc. 
. Amer. Chris. Miss. Soc. 


Woman’s Baptist F. M.S 
Baptist Ch., Canada 


Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
W.F. M.S. Meth, Epis. 


Chris. Woman’s Bd. M. 
American Board 
Government School 
Church of the Brethren 


Church of the Brethren 


. Methodist Episcopal 


aa U; Sw As 
Ceylon and India General 


... Protestant Episcopal 


Presbyterian Ch., Canada 
Wom. S. Meth. Ch., Canada 
United Presbyterian 


United ie ote 
W. F. M.S. Meth. Epis. 


W.F. M.S. Meth. Epis. 
Methodist Episcopal 
Africa Inland 

Africa Inland 

Methodist Episcopal 


Methodist Episcopal 
Free Methodist 


Free a sera 
W. F. M.S. Meth. Epis. 


Protestant Episcopal 
Yale Foreign Miss. Soc. 


Yale Foreign Miss. Soc. 


Ch. of Eng. in Canada 


. Woman's Baptist F. M. S. 


W. F. M.S. Meth. Epis. 


. Presbyterian, U. Be a 
Presbyterian, 


CS 
Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
Am. Bap. For. Miss. Soc. 


472 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 








NAME INSTITUTIONS FIeL_p 

Reese, Gordon Merritt........... OLLHOE VAT LINiA ois oe oleic sae ehsreteds ete India..... 
Reeve, Thomas Ellis............. v Emory C, Vanderbilt U T........ IATTICR feel et 
Rexroth, Emma Katherine....... So. Oregon. State N, v State N io : 

ingham, Wash.), Chicago LTSheree § Ndiacs © ots 
Rhoda, Ethel Sarah.........)..4.. State N (San Jose) AGS Bin corse Chinas... 
Rider, Bessie: Mies eek secs Lancaster General H, » Bethany Trs China..... 
Riggs, Charles Henry............ v Ohio State U, Bible Teachers Trs 

(On BP Gil OA Ines Geers SoGaco cota. China..... 
Riggs, Margaret Hallowell........ o Cornell Us Yeo ee. eer etree eee China eens 


Ritter, Hezekiah Cotesworth, Jr... v U of So. Carolina, Princeton T.... China..... 
Ritter, Mary Peele (Mrs. Hezekiah 


Cotesworth, Jr.)....e. sce sseees v C for Women (Columbia, §. C.)... China..... 
Rix, Mabel Clare. OM aahy, Kalamazoo C, v Baptist Trs (Chic- i 

ago), Gordon ‘Irs, . eons. India®: <3). 

Roberts, Frances Allen........... Moody “Tas ihe cise Ae pasta teeters eee oe INEtICa eyelets 

Rose, David Montague........... vy Ontario Agri. C, Trinity C....... india. ce 
Ross) Johan Hiliottiieckaticcicinir v C of Emporia, Princeton U and ay } 

‘Western 1 iar, es soon eions cls Unda eon 


Ross, Della Bonnie Pease (Mrs. 


MIssIONARY AGENCY 


V. M.CcA. 
Methodist Episcopal, South 


W. F. M.S. Meth. Epis. 
Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
Church of the Brethren . 


American Board 

Canton Christian College 
Methodist Episcopal, South 
Methodist Episcopal, South 
Women’s Baptist F. M. S. 
Africa Inland 

Ch. of Eng. in Canada 


Presbyterian, U.S. A. 


Johm Hlth) eae eet le o Cof Emporia... ce eeene ee cin eee Indiaiyc i Presbyterian, U. S. A. 
Rugg, Earle Melvin............. v U of Rochester and T, Boston U T India..... Methodist Episcopal 
Rugg, Ellen Martha Foote (Mrs. ; 

Earle: Melvin) ee eile sie s aviators eine 2 of Rochester. tela wale estes ales Indianware Methodist Episcopal 
Rugeles, "Ethel Biie!): o3..c<.6.6% # Simpson iGreen mice neo eteless India ce. oe W. F. M.S. Meth. Epis. 
Ruland, Lloyd Stanton........... Westminster C, »v McCormick T.... China..... Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
Russell, Robert McWatty, Jr..... Westminster C, Princeton U Grad. ; 

anid’ a Tyee Cee ae epee inter reterces Eeyptern o. Cairo University 
*Sager, Byron Guys sevens +s v York C, Hastings C, Presbyterian ; 
TLOk Kentucky. deat cto rcietotelers ete W. Indies.. Presbyterian, U.S. A. 


*Sager, Eva Joy Gifford (Mrs. 





Byron: Guys eeat bic eee. v Nebraska Wesleyan U........... W. Indies.. Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
*Salyer,) Hattie Agatha yen gael cts colons is ite apne eien ts Wtaenetetetene rollers e we) Egyptiecc. L 
Sayer, Florence Marie............ 9 Rranklin Cos peace gees seers ntans S. Amer... Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
Scott jAdaiCalista jin wecmueeueec o Drake: Uaioe te us baitdew ec aout Japan’... For. Chris. Miss. Soc. 
Scott, Ralph) Cleland ive sees. v U of Illinois, Boston U T......... S. Amer... Y. M.C. A. 

Scott, Genevieve Dupuy (Mrs. ty ah : 

RalphyGleland)acnie Macnee cei 0 WioE Anois hips settee cneielclciele «ene S. Amer... 
Scott, Agnes Rifner Kelley (Mrs. : ; 

Roderick) saeh isos cebteeme a).s @ EarlhamiC eave danse bie Chinameca American Board 
Senger, Nettie Mabelle.. Wiley Bethany. cL rsaaccn ee atest Chinatea Church of the Brethren 
Shearer, Gertrude Inez. . .. v ParkC, Presbyterian Trs (Chicago) Siam...... Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
Sheddi'Charles'Clarie, (Ghee... Washburn Chri ParkiCAne re are: China..... Y. M..C. A. 

Shick, Martha: Bescnlt paicters cine ts v alts Trs (Los Angeles), Bethany : 
SUM s doa 6 ay ione blettharetetote hele cmte BA te hoe 

Shields, Richard Edwin.......... 2 Moravian |Cland ayaaaane ata W. Indies.. Moravian 
Shields, Sarah Humphrey......... State N (Harrisburg, Pa.), v Cincin- / ’ 

nati Us.) Miami il) ae. semeeeeieces Endiavcny.s Presbyterian, U. S. A. 
Shock Laura Wanescgaremrieeit: & « Manchester C, v Bethany Trs...... Chinasi... Church of the Brethren 
Shover, John Clifford............ Baker U, v Meth. U of Oklahoma... Malaysia.. Methodist Episcopal 
Shryock; Jobn) Knight-l jes scs v U of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia T China..... Protestant Episcopal 
Silverthorne, Dessie Fay Wiesjahn . 

CvirsiRichard item iain» PD Purdue UU Mash eee een cee seas Malaysia.. Methodist Episcopal 
*Simmonds, George Paul......... v Chris. Alliance Trs (Nyack)...... S. Amer... Chris. and Miss. Alliance 
*Simmonds, Jessie Maude Spencer t : 

(Mrs. George Paul)... .0........ v Chris. Alliance Trs (Nyack)...... S. Amer... Chris. and Miss. Alliance 
Smalley, Dr. James Garfield...... Dixon C, Central State N (Mich.), 

Emmanuel Missy C, v Eclectic M. Cen. Am... 
Smith, Elleroy Murray........... v Buena Vista C, OmahaiT..1ovee e. Chinas Presbyterian, U. S. A. 
Smith, Mabeile Christine Conquist ’ : 

(Mrs. Elleroy Murray)....... Buena Vista C...... ico icy oceald oft China... Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
Smith, George Napier............ U of Toronto, » Wycliffe C......... Ghinaeeees Ch. of Eng. in Canada 
Smith, Harold Vincent........... Yale U and Grad., v of U Washington 

Grad anas: = dG ines Sheen eee China ft: . Yale Foreign Miss. Soc. 
Smith Harry) Ween delet ciereloiehs Knox C, Chicago U, y McCormick T China..... Presbyterian, U. S. A. 
Smith, Dr. Lucius Ernest......... v State U of Kentucky, Johns Hop- , ’ 

kins (ULM ino Ase onions aac ‘African. .e Presbyterian, U. S. A. 


Smith, Lura Wilma MacLane 


(Mrs. Roy Kenneth)........... 7 Cro mpornaenet cae tcc alee Korea...... Presbyterian, U. S. A. 
Smyres, Roy Stinson............. y Northwestetn: U).. 7... uo. vce caine Africa c.va. Methodist Episcopal 
Stallings, Hattie Anna........... S. W. Texas State N, v Baptist 

Woman’s Trs (Louisville)....... Chinat..cr Southern Baptist Con. 
Stearns, Dr. Thornton........... v Davidson C, Johns Hopkins M... China..... Presbyterian, U. S. A. 
Steinbeck, Grace Clare........... Stanford Us Getz sen oe eee Chinavetee YN. Wil@s A: 
Stephens, Harriet Elizabeth....... Woman's H (Phila.), vy Moody Trs.. Africa..... Dutch Ref. Ch. of S. Africa 
Stephenson, John Gordon......... V Moody Trsa-on sakes cece Africa's... Africa Inland 
Stewart, Charlie Todd............ o Erekine: Cas iti caues cpibestn te chk S. Amer... Mackenzie College 
Stewart, Ralph Randles.......... Columbia U and 9 Grad........... Indias. United Presbyterian 
StizsBarl Bauers peoeaet soso: v Vanderbilt U, U of Tennessee..... Africa mr. Methodist Episcopal, ant 
Stoner) Jean alee es Meee ai aiCot Wooster: .cmorrniimer nce come S. Amer... Presbyterian, U. S. A. 
*Stotts, Louise Fidelia........... og Wheaton GC). 2a rary eee LN one China..... Grace Mission 
*SuchatMariaee eee eee v Union Trs (Brooklyn)........... Africa..... 
Sutherland, Grace Isabelle........ Elmira C, v U of Michigan, Church 

Deaconess Trs (Phila.).......... Alaska... 


*Swartz, penton Shelly. cis.jimce cu) Povracuse Uno mentee nin cheese aie China..... 


Protestant Episcopal 
Y. M.C. A. 


SAILED LIST—I9Q16 473 


NAME INSTITUTIONS FIELD MISSIONARY AGENCY 

Swartz, Goldie Elizabeth......... Bethany Trs, »v Manchester C...... India...... Fe of the Brethren 
Oweeen wennign |. Sey Sore ae ean Princeton: U. iene eeons eee: Chintaaaes M.C. A. 
BwiLe, sOpert: Deans 3... aca ene g Kansas Wesleyan U).....5....2.. Malaysia. . Methodist Episcopal 
Sykes, Anna Murdock............ PT ARNES HCOLE- Clee el oes Biola HINA aap ara Presbyterian, South 
Matty oadie Olivia (222 i.e. baek. N (Truro, N. S.), » Meth. National 

Mins Cloronto):scos on cete es eee oat Japanese. Wom. S. Meth. Ch., Canada 
Talman, Lyman Alfred........... v Cornell U, T of Reformed Ch. in 

Aner yo ns Bestar eee China..... Reformed Ch. in Amer. 
Talman, Rose Eva Hiller (Mrs. A 

Lyman iAlired) 2.09 Sauce siete aie Oliva Gace niciesine denne eniaea ae Chinas)... Reformed Ch. in Amer. 
Taylor, Flora May Hull (Mrs. 

WELDero eran wa settee cats s Kansas State Agr], C.......0.5006. Mexico.... 

Telford, James Haxton........... Chris. Alliance Tes (Nyack), Colgate 
peAT1G oS Upamiayetiers-tetats ie fete eevee Burma.... Am. Bap. For. Miss. Soc. 
Telford, Agnes Gertrude Rogers Chris. Alliance Trs (Nyack) v Bible 

(Mra--James Haxton)\2. 02. 2s.. meacherst Lrse( Novi Ca) we readies Burma.... Am. Bap. For. Miss. Soc. 
Terman, Lucile Fitzgerald (Mrs. } d 

ariel cris sree seer ses wObio, Wesleyan Un oy tp adin sane ee Ching =): 25 Methodist Episcopal 
PNA ver; Plora ALCO te irs cts aisle es « v Ottawa U, Hasseltine Trs........ Burma.... Woman’s Baptist F. M. 8. 
Thomas, Harlan Hayward........ 2 Campbell Cir aoc -: DISAHIPGHEM aE Africa..... United Brethren 
Thomas, Minnie Jones........... Collegio Progresso Brazileiro, v Bap- 

tist Woman’s Trs (Louisville).... S. Amer... 
Thomas, Robert Follet........... v Syracuse U, Bible Teachers Trs 

CNG Yay porte mere eu Siena Malaysia.. Methodist Episcopal 
Thorlaksson, Steingrimur Octavius Wesley C, » Gustavus Adolphus C, 

Evan. Luth. T (Chicago) tease Japan: aces Evan. Luth. Ch. in N. A. 
Todd, Onn Gordon nada seeisiese c sve v U of Colorado, U of Chicago T... Cen. Am... Baptist Home Miss. Soc. 
Tolman, Ruth Wheelock......... Wellesley C, State N (St. Cloud, j 

, ’ ( Minn.), » Carleton C............ China :\/2:)- American Board 

Ominy Olive Bard) gonats ctsvei erst! ta)? v Smith C, New York Epis. Deaco- : 

MESS Urs VERO saw a eater eels. 3 China..... Protestant Episcopal 
*Torrey, Norman Lewis.......... DESL VAT Usaeate caters baste alee eke oe China. 42 Anglo-Chinese College 
Tretheway, Lucile D............. v U of So. California, Chicago Trs.. China..... W. F. M. S. Meth. Epis. 
Turnbull, John Rodney.......... C of Brit. Columbia, McMaster U.. India..... Chris. and Miss. Alliance 
Van Bronkhorst, Alexander....... vHope C, Western T (Holland, 

Mich:.)o eee at enaactine cleans Japan..... Reformed Ch. in Amer. 
Van Bronkhorst, Helena de Maagd 

(Mires Alexander) Ni riackis.s asics OP Hope Crete hace cteiere ctaihetactotal ¢ Japanese Reformed Ch. in Amer. 

*Vickland, Ellen Elizabeth........ Geneseo State N (N. Y.), v Baptist t 

; . irs’. (Chicago) sent aioe eee retain Indiagie ry Woman's Baptist F. M. S. 
Wagner, Harry Milton, Jr........ v Johns Hopkins U, Oberlin T...... Chinat. 2. Wie Mis CoAs 
Wahl, Carl Benjamin............ v North-Western C, Evangelical T.. China..... Evangelical Association 
Wallies Robert/Scott ye veaccs ss ss 9 Colgate: Ui ands lass tee eras scree Indias) secs Am. Bap. For. Miss. Soc. 
Wallis, Caroline Pearl Langworthy 

(Mass Robert Scott) eo. ic: 7 Olio State Une raced ema ciieas India /faes Am. Bap. For. Miss. Soc. 
Walmsley, Evelyn Metcalf........ v Wellesley C, Harvard U Grad., , 

Columbia: U/ Grade ee anise 5 sere ne China..... Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
Weaine pHIOTENEO aries «iei-'- «10 2/010 Blue Mt. C, v Georgetown C....... Napanis ates 
Weir, William Wilbur............ og Geneva Critone cues ad aero cai tea Cyprus.... Reformed Presbyterian 
Weiser, Charlotte Melina Viall 

Cire Vy tliisezimmets eres ticcts 231s stele TOL. Chica got: aalias acda es thelsysiciers India ys) Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
Wellons, Ralph Dillingham....... gindiang: Use en aster are oe Jndiaisnes oe Methodist Episcopal 
Wellons, Willafred Howe (Mrs. 

Ralph Dillingham)............ DindianalvUses serve sainero teach dees Endiay ss ere Methodist Episcopal 
bWesti Margarette ser seces ose ccs v Wilson C..... Vale dle stare ele sere asians OVIG sr clsc Syrian Protestant College 
*Whitcomb, Richard Seabury..... o Washburn Geo wsiiare ies tal opelelate Hawan:os. Y¥.M.C; A! ; 

White, Ralph Jerome............ MWitbenbers: Crate eee tae S. Amer... Evan. Luth. Ch. in U.S. A. 
*Wiens, Franz od ethos combeige McPherson C, 9 York C, Rochester T China..... Mennonite 
*Wiens, Agnes Harder (Mrs. Franz ; p 

QCOD)/O seravis, MR ican inc sass ece PVOTIO GIG siotices hep cide necistones Chiao Mennonite ’ 
Williams, James Willard.......... Tveale. Us Trinity: Geeks fase eet China..... Yale Foreign Miss. Soc. 
Willis, Katherine Harris.......... Baltimore Teachers Ni Harvard Us. Chinan. ss W. F. M.S. Meth. Epis. 
Wilson, Maggie Lindsay Gordon Toronto Trs, Toronto Nursing-at- ‘ , 

(MresAncustus Agree micsces Wore Miss we helene ka ace es ALTICE s sielere South Africa General 
Wilsonhivan Otisiscie ss sists as 2). C of Wooster, y McCormick T..... Persia's si Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
Winn, Merle Clayton.......:.... 9 Knox CP Princeton’ Tous jee ccs Japanys..:.'. Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
Winn, Rowena Bell Hudson (Mrs. , 

Merle: Clayton)! 1. tata gate cial Vjames Millilan'U 2 ois sles wa clavere Japanese. Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
*Wischmeier, Chester............ Nebraska Wesléyan U, Boston U T S. Amer... Methodist Episcopal 
‘Wood, Bernice May. .ciice cc cc cess @ Greenville\Ciwiiaioe a as tiecstel woe ae Chinavss. Free Methodist 
Wood, Dr. Walter Welcome....... v Huron C, Stanford UM......... S. Amer... Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
Wood, Grace Leona Brown (Mrs. ? 

Walter Welcome).............. Huron Cetaeiitetncics Gea oe eee sore S. Amer... Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
peaeereke CSOOTRE Se halstate are as oan WIM OGAYRL IS tay acitatestolaetrayes <talela ‘Africas... Africa Inland 
Woodley, Anna Mae Crall (Mrs. : . 

GeO geysers eit aise vielsiarelelee Chicago Musical C, y Moody Trs... Africa..... Africa Inland _ 
*Toeninas. Ruth Alberta......... G Pomona Gane ionas cod oni etry Hawaii.... Mid-Pacific Institute 


Yoder, Charles Lloyd............ v Ohio Wesleyan U, Boston U T.... S. Amer... Methodist Episcopal 


SAILED VOLUNTEERS FOR 1917 


In the table abbreviations have been used as follows: C=College; H =Hospital; M =Medical; N =Normal; 
S=Secondary School; T=Theological; Trs=Bible, Deaconess and Missionary Training School; U =University; 


v =Volunteered at. 


*Volunteers sailed before 1917; names reported here for the first time. 





NAME INSTITUTIONS FIELD MissIoNARY AGENCY 


Adams, Richard Cameron........ v Cooper C, Ref. Presbyterian T.... China..... Reformed Presbyterian 
Adams, Mary Belle Edgar (Mrs. i 
Richard: Cameron). souk) au 3 9 Cooper Cie iiata set cee Papeatneeet ele Chinat a. Reformed Presbyterian 
Ahlquist, Dr. Jonas August....... v Bethel S, John A. Creighton M, 4 
Harvard Sch. of Tropical Med.... Assam.... Am. Bap. For. Miss. Soc. 
Ahlauist, Judith Augusta Swanson } 
Mrs. Jonas August)........... v Northwestern Trs, Bethel S...... Assam.... Am. Bap. For. Miss. Soc. 
Alley, Howard Lee.............. v Bridgewater C and Grad; Mt. 
Union (Cy erect ccitueteee ote tniavanciete India. 3... Church of the Brethern 
Alley, Hattie Zelma Miller (Mrs. \ 
Howard Lee) yee he cals v Bridgewater C, Mt. Union C..... Pdi seen Church of the Brethern 
*Anderson, Anders Peter......... Toronto Trs, » McGill U.......... Chingec.'c' 
Anderson, ‘Anton Christian... .... 9 Moody: Tre orc iic ae decane cues Africa..... Africa Inland 
Anderson, Helen Wilson.......... U of N Tbianeee Me, Trs, v Bible f 
Teachers Trs (N. Y. C.)..235.... Korea..... Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
Anderson, Wallace J............. Macalester C, » San Francisco T.... Korea..... Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
Anderson, Lillian Elizabeth Beede ‘ 
(Mrs. "Wallace J.)icc cele tated v Occidental C, U of Calif. Grad.... Korea..... Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
Appel, William Judson........... 9 Gordon ETS Hee else ris isle ln eras Africa..... Sudan Interior 
eppee Sarah Helen Larrabee (Mrs. u : 
them }udeon) ice au oe at v Gordon Trs, New Eng. Bap. H. Africa..... Sudan Interior 
Appenzeller, Henry Dodge........ v Princeton U, Drew T, New York 
Grade see elie silane teleleedeie stele Korea.... Methodist Episcopal 
Appenzeller, Ida Hannah......... v Wellesley C, Kennedy Trs........ Tea ... W. F..M. S. Meth. Epis. 
Asbahr, Katherine............... v Oregon Agrl. SCRE Aaa tee catye: awaii.... Hawaiian Evan. Assn. 
Atkins, Wesley Converse......... vy Mt. Hermon S, Wesleyan U and i : 
; Gradsaqariammalse vasa su ate sated UNESICA ciateicns American Board 
Awes, Leif Holfdan.............. Augsburg T, U of N. Dak. Grad. . 
9 Ulof Chicago Grade uiawia wae Madag.... Lutheran Free Church 
Baker, Clifton Ayers............. v Furman S, Furman U, oie Bap. T. S. Amer... Southern Bap. Con. 
Banbury, James William......... Bible Teachers Trs (N. Y. C.)..... China os. 5 Canton Union Hosp. 
BassettwiAvien Tees inom eenidas v Park C, McCormick T........... Siamese Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
Bassett, Alice Gertrude Knight : . 
(Mres Alen D i ayer ses ok Park'C, » Chicago Tre: oe bate ces Sigm7 i vie Presbyterian, U. S. A. 
Batte, Berthel Stovall Townsend 1 
CM rsa TAR ew imine oh ss o Baylor ‘Ceili asses ve eccrine Mexico.... 
Beach; StellageicstoMiaws weg ccc’ PHAMLIN| Uj saeieeeele nan ieue oe sine S. Amer... Methodist Episcopal 
Beckendorf, Arthur Lawrence..... »y Hamiine’U, Drew usensieles eee» Philippines Methodist Episcopal 
Bedell, Mary Elizabeth.......... Uot Washington? Qin eres aoe China..... W. F. M.S. Meth. Epis. 
*Beirves, William Francis........ v raver yy Holiness Us bantu etenteetie W. Indies... 
Belleville, Marie Elizabeth........ 9 Bryn Mawr'Ciisasiovicswciete rates Chinas Ye We Gage 
Bennett, Howard C.............. Syracuse U, » Boston U T......... China). J). Methodist Episcopal 
Benning, Jui Rayniond eine Aah v Cornell U, Los Angeles Trs....... China..... South Chih-li Mission 
*Bergevin, Ruth Esther.......... Los Angeles PLES cd titel tateoes eaeies India..... Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
Bergman, Miriam Std Brenchand »v Occidental C, Shurtleff C, Moody iA 
(MrsuGodtrey La) ee PY res iW Ben EGO ILLUS lll matte Hawaii.... 
Bilkert, Henry Arjen............. v Hope C, New Brunswick T, West- : : ’ 
ern T (Holland, Mich?) eens. Arabia.... Reformed Ch. in Amer. 
Bilkert, Anna Margaret Monteith i t 
(Mrs. Henry Arjen)............ v Kalamazoo C, Kennedy Trs...... Arabia.... Reformed Ch. in Amer. 
Bissell; Jessiew sce Ra a see v St. N (Los Angeles), Kennedy Trs Mexico.... American Board _ 
Blanc, Clarence Eugene.......... 9 U'of Redlands 0r0 aie ea de Assam.... Am. Bap. For. Miss. Soc. 
Blanc, Iva E. Parmlee (Mrs. Clar- " 
ence. Bugene) hoon e wei oU of Redlands sencuni- eeemc acne k Assam.... Am. Bap. For. Miss. Soc. 
Bligh; Harriet’ Alice: yo 2202 1. 2 Dalhousie U, » Bible Teachers Trs 
CNG IC. vente ante lain eielate b Korea...4. Presbyterian Ch. Canada 
Boone, Mary Muriel............. Hollins C, » U of California........ China..... Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
Booth, George Harold............ 9 Turcntd Trsancenndten, ees China..... China Inland 
Boughton, Helen Esther.......... Mt. Holyoke C, Simmons C....... China..... Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
Bowe;\Hs Bite wl, ee ei go Moody -Trs fice iiialels te oleic eine ate Africa... Africa Inland 
Braaten, Kittel Folkvardson...... Concordia C, » United Church T... Madag.... North Luth. Ch. Amer. 
Brady, john Haeper ie rea delat v Davidson C, Union T (Richmond) Japan..... Presbyterian, South 
Brown, Lydia Belle.............. Des sai C, v Oberlin Cons. of ie 
MAISIC Ss dt delle tldidrdal eee valatel al alpl tatoos Chinaw ae. Ginling College 
Brown, William Gordon.......... McGill caf v Yale U oe da Ud date es Ceylon’, ..00¥.)Me Crk 
Brunemeier, Dr. Edward Herman. v North-Western C, U of Chicago, i. ae 
Rush :M esl eee ee eh eae hina... Evangelical Association 
Brunemeier, Cora Amalia Minch ee Ae 
(Mrs. Edward Herman)........ ov North-Western C.............%. China..... Evangelical Association 
Bryan, Alison Reid: 42.40. = .0: Princeton U, v McCormick T...... Indias... Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
Brydon, Janet Lillian............ Queens U, Victoria H, v Presbyterian 4 
dre CLToronto) fects eiie cae ae Chinas. 5... Presbyterian Ch., Canada 
Buchanan, Amelia Jessie......... v teed Trs, Presbyterian H (Chi- 
CAMO), 5 ci epee didi OMe hem leseiore lolol AIricals: oe Africa Inland 
Burgess, Charlotte Mary......... 9 Cleveland ‘Tra avec cctoes ealeniaen se Africa s..2. Sudan Interior 


SAILED LIST—IQI7 


475 











NAME INSTITUTIONS FIELD 
Burkhalter, Martha Rosa......... GB lateeon Cwns je nieileereins aoe we Indias res: 
Burman, Edith Rozella Tennant »Alma CC, Chris. Alliance Trs 

(Mrs. Samuel Thomas)......... CNiyack) cena scarnveaene adic S. Amer... 
*Burrows, Elizabeth Adams Jones 

(Mrs. Francis Dickerson)....... @ DENISON Ui italy: cess cml cake Japan. 
Bushman, Arthur Henry......... Westminster C, v U of Missouri. Chinas 
Carters Uouise Be oid ce cclrecse no State N (Oshkosh), v Baptist Trs 

(EAicago) a i sl ao eal Cen. Am... 
*Carter, Minnie Esther........... State N (Danbury, tees ), v Bible 

Veachers Trs i(N.sVi Cie. fo) Africa..... 
*Case, James Russell............. Brown U, v Newton Doe nn Burma.... 
Chance, Sylvester.........é0000- i Felenda Uhlir anche maos: Alaska. ... 
Chance, Rachel M. Pickering (Mrs. 

RIV RVCALET I rind pasion ciatale sie cipiece DP TIENASHU operate creta etoile sete cate Alaska.... 
*Chapman, James Wiltenmyer.... v Park C, Harvard U.............. Philippines 
Chappel, Thekla Maria Siebans James Millikin U, vVU of Illinois 

OMirs:'"Merivni As) <3 macs 6.66 Grad; U of Chicago Sane vieet alee se S. Amer... 
Chester, Ruth Miriam vy Smith’C and Grad.............. Chinaests 
Clapper, Viola Grace..... se 6. Juniata, ©, 9 Bethany) Lists csi. «6s ace Chinavenae 
Cockrell, Frank Parsons.......... v Kansas State Agri. C, Northwest- 

SET Ui ae eae a i Nei otel ere ciete wate Mexico.... 
Colson, Ralph Brownell.......... v Hamilton C, Oberlin T.......... China..... 
Colson, Edith Amanda Carr (Mrs. 

Ralph Brownell)yo cic gekre late te Teachers’ Trng. Sch. (Albany)..... China..... 
eComptonn ark Cacseeh cosesi ves » Grinnell C, Oberlin T............ Turkey.... 
Cook, David Livingstone......... we Willnisiatte Ur omO Ue ta coe Chinat cet. 
ecaains! Minnie Elda Erb (Mrs. 

LEV Pe sethite, 5 hue td eevetavhen’ woke ie a bie v Chris. Alliance Trs (Nyack)...... Chinas: .)... 
Cavnicvon: HiGltieweereecrstam ee cle C for Women (Columbia, S. C.), 
Bible Teachers Trs (N. Y. C.).... Korea..... 
Cragin, Howard Whittemore...... v Texas Holiness U, Central Holiness 


U, Chris, Alliance Trs (Nyack)... S. Amer... 
Cragin, Clara Harrel (Mrs. How- Central Holiness U. Chris. Alliance 








MISSIONARY AGENCY 
Mennonite 


Chris. and Miss. Alliance 


American Board 

Baptist Home Miss. Soc. 
American Board 

Friends of California 


Friends of California 
Presbyterian, U.S. A. 


Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
Ginling College 

Church of the Brethren 
Wai CoA 

Y. M.C. A. 

American Board 

Canton Christian College 
South Chih-li Mission 
Presbyterian, U.S, A. 


Chris. and Miss. Alliance 


ard Whittemore) .......2-..... BEES CNY ACK) chersye care acta sais) Sinals S. Amer... Chris. and Miss. Alliance 
Crawford, Dr. Albert Sturges..... v Pomona C, Cornell U M......... China vei. Yale For. Miss. Soc. 
-Crawford, Bonnie Belle.......... Drake} Uy Wheaton! Co Wen c e's 1's) China..... Canton Christian College 
Crawford, Inez Lillian............ v ete C, Bible Teachers Trs 
CN SVC et eiecor ale de ae tesa Japan..... VuWw. CA. 
*Creamer, Lloyd Grove.......... Chicago ‘Evans foee ee toy Gul China vue 
Cross, Rowland McLean......... Carleton C, Union T (N. Y. C.), y 
Teachers OF ig OberlinviT ois ois China..... American Board 
Crothers, James Chester.......... Randolph-Macon C, v Bible Teachers ; 2 
T'rs' (N.Y. C:), McCormick TT... . Persia .:... Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
Crowell, Ray Edward............ DIMoodyvETSs sss saseiy orate nce Creole Africa..... Africa Inland | 
Crutchfield, Curtis Marvin........ Srasbury ©. Langu Lessee cies ae cies Malaysia.. Methodist Episcopal 
Culver, Charles Percy............. Dak. Wesleyan U, Central Holiness 
Ler raylor Olas A Mienin Las Aiba Ching icc Int’l Reform Bureau 
Gulyery | heodora race ice cet. 38 Bible Teachers Trs (N. Y. C.) » Wil- : 
SONG Hao, Urea a latetnyee elise even erate Chinas .ac% Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
*Culver, Walter George.......... ao. MeMinnvilte Case dey dese aainet, Alaska.... Government School 
Dame, Dr. Louis Paul....2....... © U of Ulinois| Mi aasccictnie eric sales W. Indies.. Presbyterian, U.S. A 
Daniels, Mabel Eliza............. John B. Stetson U, wRollins C, : 
: Oberlin: C\Gradiv ass select China..... American Board 
Danielson, Hulda Ericka......... @ Mood ys Tree). cislcsctvsiven aie aver elare te Africals sae Africa Inland 
Danner, Ruth Magdalene......... v Patsy Trs, Asbury H (Minne- y 
SIA ECD eer ec it China..... W. F. M.S. Meth. Epis. 
Davidson, William Earl.......... v Wiliam Jewell C, So. Baptist T... S. Amer... Southern Baptist Con. 
Davidson, Mary Wintermute Skid- . : 
more (Mrs. Wm. Earl)......... gion Missourtes sei tinineein aacteraie 2 S. Amer... Southern Baptist Con. 
Davis, Arthur asia Reisen lass iors @ Moody: Trese aie oily cessrstetors guarsee Africa..... Africa Inland 
Davis, Margaret Morton......... vy State N (Farmville, Va.), Assem- d , 
x bly’s, irs (Richmond)\, 304 s)cc0 ss W. Indies.. Presbyterian, South 
Davis, Raymond Leonard........ v Pa. State C, Moody Trs......... Africa..... Africa Inland 
Day, Isabelle s iciccc aesitle resis «© \2.0 v Western C for Women........... China..... Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
Desia, Otis Pane a. cits cea cires o,0/s DT Kangswood) Cs. ce sls seien) are canes ie China..... Pentacostal Church 
Dennis, William Jefferson......... @) DesiMoinesi OC Uiis wenn sa es anoaue S. Amer... Methodist Episcopal 
Dennis, Carrie Elfleda Fegtley : ; 
(Mrs. William Jefferson)....... #: Desi Momes. Cs ices iis catrta sia stele S. Amer... Methodist Episcopal 
Foil bon, Osea: MAY... csc <.s asd lae sais v Indiana U and M, C of Missions 
Updianapons)s syncs ware ses as India... . Chris. Woman’s Bd. M. 
Dodds, Joseph Le Roy........... Grove City C, » Western T (Pitts.), India..... Presbyterian, U. S. A. 
Dodge, Adelia Melissa........... MCAT OlVOkG' Const ti lacs elecsiaie aie Chinaiw... YoOwWsaC. A. 
IOGSON Oras. seistale el irentee ara’ Eastern Ky. State N, »v Baptist , j 
Woman’s Trs (Louisville)........ China 57): Southern Baptist Con. 
Donaldson, Lucile Florence....... Boston N, Moody Trs....... AA i . Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
Dugan, Walter Howard.......... v Syracuse U, Boston U T . Methodist Episcopal 
Durfee, Mary Elizabeth.......... PLIVOENVETINON Us eras tease, co, alseeyare Yew. Oseae 
PLASCOM, FLA DE ics oioie.n'a cisais)siaisate o Mi iioivo ke Oa ss ui, sessed a .. Africa Inland : 
PESO ghd FA ciag aR weil hes 6 ie: daiwa sys a v McPherson C, Bethany Trs...... lia...... Church of the Brethren 
Edie, Raymond Leone........... v Colgate U, Pittsburgh T......... Africa... United Presbyterian 
Edie, Amy May Armstrong (Mrs. 
Raymond L60ne) isn sceesctse « v Norwich Trng. Sch..........:00- Africa..... United Presbyterian 
BUIGGE RE AIAN Eos ualecee ck. \s 2.4 sxe caters v State N (Fresno, Cal.)........... Africa..... Africa Inland 
Everett, Edward Irving.......... Brown U, v2 Boston U T........... Africa..... Methodist Episcopal 


476 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


NAME INSTITUTIONS FIELD MISSIONARY AGENCY 

Field, Sarah Maria.............- v IowaStateC,Colo.State Teachers C Japan..... American Board 
Finney, Nona Grace............. v Kalamazoo Ci Chicago Teachers C, 

U of Chicago, Hasseltine Trs..... Burma.... Woman's Baptist F. M. 
Fisher, Cora Elizabeth........... Ohio N U, Friends Bible Inst....... Africas... 
Fisher, Isaac James... 2st. v Adrian C, Westminster C, Heidel- ; 

bere Use Pai eee a eerene Napanee Reformed Ch. in U.S. 
Flory, Edna Rosamond.......... Bridgewater C, Frances Willard H, 

(Chicago) utc ie eee ere Chinateee.s Church of the Brethren 
Flory, Leola Bernice............. Ohio State U, St. Luke’s H (N.Y.C.) Philippines Protestant Episcopal 
Fonda; Ethel( Mary. ghee ven alse. Coa ‘Sch. of Phys. Ed., U of 

Texas ha Sun ae eee ee cree ees Japationes Ys we Cad 
Foster, Anna Elizabeth........... v MeMinnvilic C, U of Washington 5 

Gra dasa hae een Ree ol ote Ching’s Woman's Baptist F. M. S. 
Foster, Ue Violet Frost (Mrs. : 

Charles! S:) sae Ue ae eisai Chicago Teachers C, » Moody Trs.. Africa..... South Africa General 
Foster, Nena Helen Young (Mrs. 

Merle Ase 1 i scte ctomisate oe nti ie ore ¢ Desi Moines Crags ea aateerinie tsi er S. Amer... Methodist Episcopal 
Foth; Hhzabethivefoccctttecen oe. 9 Los Angeles Trs'.)s. tie ews sce sie India «oe. Mennonite 
Fowler, Dr. Eva Grace........... v U of Buffalo M, Royal London.... / 

Opthalmic H, Phila. Polyclinic... China..... Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
Frantz, William Earl............. Washburn C,v Y. M. C. A. Trs p 

(Chicago) ences cece China ase Y 4M GaAs 
Frisbey, Zella M. Gaddum (Mrs. Cental N (Mich.), v Mich. State N, . 

Charles Bimen)ia wer siicecin > ace Mootly:Trsiecierne artes cies ie scale S. Amer... Paraguay Mission Band 
Gailey, Jenne Gregg............. @ Occidental: Cuauaoteh ee eae e ee Africa... Africa Inland 
Gates}"Mary Jeans ae. .ibeet scence Mt. Allison Ladies C, New Eng. Bap- . ' 

tist H (Boston), Hasseltine Trs... China..... Woman’s Baptist F. M.S. 
Gifford, Dr. Martha Jane......... v Kalamazoo C, Rush M.......... Burma.... Woman’s Baptist F. M. 8. 
Gillespie, Alice Marie............ Miami UP eerie etl erate Persias. soe Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
Gilmor, Dr. Paul Emerson........ Washington & Jefferson C, Western , , ; 

4 Reserve (UMM n se. selleretes AITICAg. te United Presbyterian 
Gilmor, Esther Margaret Mc i 

Cracken (Mrs. Paul Emerson)... » Pa. C for Women...........--+: Africa... s United Presbyterian 
Gilteris, Anne Elizabeth.....,..... WIOWAL State Ui biecc ape imais eee lta et Korea..... 

Goheen, Frances Anna........... »C of Wooster, Wellesley C, Pres- ; J 

’ ; byterian EH (Ns V2.) > ances Indiat }2kk: Presbyterian, U. S. A. 
Goodrich, Luther Carrington...... a WalliamelG Pehle re eatin Chinas, Jc Government University 
Green, Grace Zimmerman (Mrs. v Toronto Trs C, Chris. Alliance Trs ; 

Charles Percy) sumer noite cists (Nyack) Se taro terial oe ar niiepe eters Japanie,. ss Chris. and Miss. Alliance 
Greenly, Maurice Gaylord........ v9 So. Dakota State:Gus: eye cn wearers Hawaii... 7 
Greer, Lillian Palistine........... v Southwestern C (Kansas)........ China..... oe F. M.S. Meth. Epis. 
Grings, Herbert Ernest........... 9 Los:Angelés Drs tides cline eat cine Africa..... Africa Inland 
Grissoy albania, Viennese crise Manchester C, » Bethany Trs...... India... .. Church of the Brethren 
Griswold, Laura K............-.- o Northfield Sirah Sok eee ae mies Indwacnoee 
Hadley, James Perry Geese hence Briénds vUp Cetin Meet cetae, ane) aati a Alaska.... Friends of Cal. 

Hadley, Gertrude Edith Motter b 

(Mrs James Perry) stennriie. he o PriendssU ich avinsitvnsmreelste ee cae Alaska.... Friends of Cal. 
Hall/ijohn' Sie at anne sca cas 0 McMastér Uive. peciceniene sce ee Africas. Sudan Interior 
Hall, Edith M. Edwards (Mrs. 

JoOhniS. oni he clnete wera e kare my Moody eirsns nese alee cute nereer sere Africas. 0 Sudan Interior 
Hamilton, Frances Gertrude...... Mt. Allison U, Methodist National 

Trs (Toronto) BAA Ee. bs DAN, dee Wom. S. Meth. Ch. Canada 
Hamilton, Mary Louise.......... v Wellesley C, Columbia U Grad.. China at Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
Hardie, Gertrude Abigail Shaw.... v Northfield S.............0.-055- Korea..... 
Hare, Libbie Ack se pees ee *ChicagotMvan. inst. ss alee eine Chimateens Meier Holiness Miss. 
Haring, Borde Gilbertun sac evoees v Colgate U, Rochester T.......... Japan..... Am. Bap. For. Miss. Soc. 
Harper, Ruth Adelaide........... v Methodist National Trs (Toronto) Japan..... Wom. S. Meth. Ch., Canada 
Harrington,Charlotte Frisch Jacobs 

(Mrs. Burritt Clarke).......... v Wilson C, HahemannH......... India. .... Methodist Episcopal 
Hartley, Morley Richard......... Ont. C of Pharmacy, » McMaster U : 

and T, Rochester T Grad........ India... ..+ Am. Bap. For. Miss. Soc. 
Hartley, Annie May Darcy (Mrs. 

Morley (Richard) sai veers tes Hamilton N, » McMaster U........ India atv Am. Bap. For. Miss. Soc. 
Haskell, Walter Will............. p Uiof Missouri: s.uebcbino dave. Chinatiwne For. Chris. Miss. Soc. 
Haskell, Mattie Ethel Plunkett : 

(Mrs. WaltersWill) Wie sisi. bcs o Ulot Missourl..ces eck. et sees Chinaz....% For. Chris. Miss. Soc. 
Hatcher, Anna Katherine......... v Scarritt Trs, Froebel’s Kind. Trng. ’ 

i Schools is sate gonket ak el eee Japan..... Woman’s Coun. M. E., So. 
Hayes, John Dayid.. ve ee ces ve vC of Wooster, Princeton U and T, 

} Oxford U, New College T....... China..... Appt epee: U.S. A. 
Hearsey,| Marguerite Capen... .. 9? Holling Ge sentence tlhe rach Hawalti.... Y. W. C..A, 
Feisey, Walter: Touenucauan hiteten ee Bethany Trs, » Manchester C...... Chinat (rar Church of the Brethren 
Henderson, Samuel Clarence...... Grove City C, v Princeton T....... S. Amer... Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
Henderson, Laura Wyman (Mrs. 

Samuel: Clarence) 2.5 Gees Gelehrteie ere oS RKC CELE Ee meet S. Amer... Presbyterian, U. S. A 
Hasseltine, Carrie Elizabeth...... State N (Peru, Neb.), v U of Neb... Burma.... Woman's Baptist F. Att. Ss 
Higdon, Elmer Kelso............. oPureka iC; Vale Ui dient. cme stok it Philippines For. Chris. Miss. Soc. 
Higeen Idella _ Eleanor Wilson v Eureka rae C of Missions (Indian- 

Mrs. Elmer Kelso)............ apolis), Vales UTA ok c. Ce08 Philippines For. ae ee Soc. 
Highbaugh Irma vies pee ween at Southwestern C (Kansas) v Cottey C China..... W.F. M.S. Meth. Epis. 
Hill, Mary Ella Ross (Mrs. Harry Monmouth C, Western C for Women 

TAMER) HRD oe een eee Aes bie ys v Los Angeles TTSih wade cee os Korea..... Pierson Memorial Sch. 

i eee Ben Edgaria) set roche v Hiram C, Butler C, C of Missions 


Indianapolis), Columbia U...... China..... For. Chris. Miss. Soc. 


SAILED LIST—IQI7 477 














NAME INSTITUTIONS FIELD MIssIONARY AGENCY 
Holroyd, Madge Campbell, (Mrs. Eureka C, C of Missions (Indian- 

BenvHdgar) mihi side te oesees Bpolis) yaa aide eerie ees China..... For. Chris. Miss. Soc. 

Holsted, Melia Annetta.......... v Moody Trs, Chris. Alliance Trs 
: (Nyack) i330 0 Sas eteeusaee Ching...) Chris. and Miss Alliance 
Hompland, Anne Ronning (Mrs. 

PATS) She tie au tine ban ieee ick Moody? irs: 9:Sts OlatcC ory paris ete roieiehs or Lutheran Free Church 
Hoople, Ruth Agnes............. vioyracuse U)c de scnine weciin co aee. Chinatzee, Ys WaGw AL 
Hopkins, Martin Armstrong...... v Southwestern Presb. U, Union T 

(Richmond))svi%)s/cjeise a sterere qeaaterss China... Presbyterian, South 

Howell, Ann Teasdale............ Inst. of Musical Art (N. Y. C.) Has- 

’ selting, Prsors, J. coe tor eee Chingaes Woman's Baptist F. M. S. 
Pluber, loydina si typisectaemts ables ies ov Baptist, Irs) (Chicago)!. een ee ere W. Indies.. 
Hudson, David Venable.......... ov Davyidsons Ca. imine miner nae Chinas. sys 
Hudson, Noell Pauliices.te..0... vijames. Millikin U): Sivmenvestters sete S. Amer... Presbyterian, U. S. A. 
Hudsons Roy Dine. pattesau ac. MenPama duissiose sh cased tieachns Chinaiaeas Wei MaGe A: 
Hudson, Florence Brown (Mrs. 

RRO Ys Lecce ratte ete the Wares Mitestlotyoke!Crseacisaronensdo ote. Chinas 
Huggins, Alice Margaret......... gaWashburit, Go oests cree eiic sions Ghinat sy. American Board 
Punts Bthek beora i nc.idein savten State N (Bellingham, Wash.), U of 

Wash., U of Cal. Grad; v Hassel- 
tINOCL TST toeiee Aedes aes Burma.... Woman's Baptist F. M.S. 
FTuribunt Agnessvewede ewes ac 2 Occidental .C aes atne owet eee Africa 42,15 « Africa Inland 
Hurlburt, Charles Greenleaf...... v Occidental C, Los Angeles Trs, U 
OL Redlands sex sayy e cere eae tons Africas...) Africa Inland 
iMuriburt, Paulie Beene eke os wiOccidentaliGcmrr: wads eats a ook ete Africa so.e i Africa Inland 
Irons, Dr. Charles Glenn......... Davis and Elkins C, Y. M. C. A. 
: Trs (Chicago) Northwestern U... China.... 
James, Walter Nicholas.......... FaismontiCxeiOberiini I cate eal tees ete all . American Board 
Warman, Maryivere. sects eed S ¢ State N and Ind. C (N. C.), U of No. 
Carolina, Columbia U Grad. St. 
: ‘ Luke’s H (Jacksonville, Fla.)..... China eccns Methodist Episcopal, South 
Jeffrey, Mary Pauline............ # Oberlin C, Ui of Chicago...) 0... Indiasuseese American Board 
OHNSON, GEOFZE. Mags fan ie sists s 6 e's. v Mt. Hermon S; Moody arsiaenae Agricaiues + Africa Inland 
Johnson, Sarah Christine Sonesen 

CMS George) haunts os cats's Francis Willard H, vy Moody Trs.... Africa..... Africa Inland 
Johnson, Mary Conover.......... v Elmira C for Women............ Persiawcace Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
Johnston, Joseph Winter......... Lafayette C, »v Los Angeles Trs..... Africa..... Africa Inland 
MONES AL NOMASZEISA Nera aie)s olets: + 6.0/6 Earlham, C Hartford T, Columbia 

Ui Grad Vanna sacra cena cre Japan..... Friends of Phila. 
*Toyner,- Pauli Mae ee. cer Sri aby Vanderbilt U, » Chris. Alliance Trs. 
Nyack) eter ae ae ee es eee Egypt..... 
Kaufman, Edmund G............ U of Kansas, » Bethel C, Bluffton C 
: radio se sata d nda eee ctrn cat China tac. - Mennonite 
Kaufman, Hazel S. Dester (Mrs. 

Wdamend Gee meee eee na, debe op Bethel: Cots. cee cle ctet cities Ghinavie. o- Mennonite 

Wecrleman s Aria sinc niciciele tice Sek v Bible Teachers Trs (N. Y. C.) 2 ‘ 
; Mich.'State: Nias aeieniaabtoeas @hina seer W. F. M.S. Meth. Epis. 
Kelsey tielen Maries... cic Jc os Penn C, » State N (San Jose, Cal.).. Cen. Tele . Friends of Cal, 
Kendgall wWilltamis ie asat sce .iyse.s PiLos Angeles firstname select pets: Africa, 2.3 Africa Inland 
King, Lorin Hudson............. v James Milliken U, McCormick T.. Mexico.... Presbyterian, U.S.A. 
Kannamat Pe wViatid. occas cee ¢ v Woman’s M (Phila. i es a ee Indianatec: Woman's Baptist F. M. S. 
Kirland, Mary Elizabeth......... v U of Texas, Austin Presbyterian T Africa..... Presbyterian, South 
Kline, Blanche May............. Temple U, Mass. Charitable Eye & j ( 
Ear H, v Cincinnati Trs Tndiaven e W. F. M.S. Meth. Epis. 
Knap Mary Grace cine. s+. sic o Wellesley: Cu Aone tinnne cin naet China... ss 
Konsterlie, Peder Thorson........ BS Augsburg y Tyas sept acres! s,s: 0h ... China..,.. Lutheran Free Church 
Krieger, Otto Frank............ SM LAVION Wis stecsisteltcisinie tices eae Alaska.... Methodist mags 
Lackner, Evelyn Amanda........ » Methodist National Trs (Toronto) Japan..... Wom. S. Meth. Ch., Canada 
Lacy, Alice Maies...4. 6... .. » Ohio Wesleyan U, Cincinnati Trs.. China W. F. M. S. Meth, Epis. 
*Lacy, William Irving..... alselee 2 Ohio Wesleyan Ulisse seinen < airieiars Chinayc.t. Methodist Episcopal 
Landes, Charlotte Hauer......... 9, Maryville’ Coweta cis areitetae.«, arta ear S. Amer... 
Lawrence, Bernice Edith......... Chicago Evan. Inst., v Albion C, : 
Morningside ‘Cireyauctos.« os cleta aerate Chinas. r. W. F. M.S. Meth. Epis 
Ween Mildred wavartinmyss a aals + clits DPiLOS ANGELES TTS. sats, ote nerenats oats S. Amer... Bolivian Indian Miss. 
ISPBON J EALIC Hayene aia cmt tete age ol eletol Nightingale Sch. for Nurses (Eng- , 
Jand) ye Scarritt, LrS sao vel eeen ct as Philippines Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
Leger, Samuel Howard........... v Washburn C, Union T (N. Y. C.), ; 
eachers: Crdnrdetidiaecaae ape e ss Chinawie ss American Board 
Lemmon, Robert Bruce.......... ned U, »C of Missions (Indian- ) 
; MS) Atieraiecere sa eteis ree she iaie cole one S. Amer... Chris. Woman's Bd. M. 
Lemmon, Mary Hilton (Mrs. Cater U, v C of Missions (Indian- L ; 

FROMELEM LUGE) a sein sien welt sc ole ADOLIS) eda erceiartittalads inl ete ara alls eho S. Amer... Chris. Woman’s Bd. M. 
Levy, Florence May............. DM GOS Gad eae eiaaie: oacies sros orerale Africaui.t Africa Inland / 
ewisijames eee souk vleitas + rie v Knox C, Harvard U, Newton T... Burma.... Am. Bap. For. Miss. Soc. 
Lewis, Minneola Ray Mabey (Mrs. v Malden Commercial Sch., Gordon \ 

ames Leer iene ila wits ies a'e LTS WO rere eleva blocale'o'daiabeld sie: ste ats Burma.... Am. Bap. For. Miss. Soc. 
Lichtman, Berhard Jack.......... v Dow! ARIS CLEST ETS sic/aistaleiniels ss) olsirielals Africa..... Africa Inland 
*Lindstrom, Rose Marie.......... DEM OOG Va Er aisetertelers «si csefelsithetacs s/s 0oks China..... China Inland 
EO VHB EPLDA VIC sitio, orctarelc’ cialis chatbie 16 St. Olaf C, Augustana C, United 

CG erChaieea si isc tialei orm ae sVatete ere Madag.... Nor. Luth. Ch., Amer. 
Lovegren, Levi Alton............ WioksWasainoton noc cw ae susie Chuiais Am. Bap. For. Miss. Soc. 
Lowry, Beatrice Genevieve....... vU eva Teachers C 


(N. ¥eC) oc. 2 artonede arateaialels China..... Y. W.C. A. 


478 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 











NAME INSTITUTIONS FIELD MISSIONARY AGENCY 

Lum, Maryette Hawley.......... v Oberlin Cons. of Music, U of S. Cal. 

Ulob Redlands iy iii rerminewieleere China..... American Board 
McCarty, Graceriloimn eeliieiepisatre a Baker Ue eee va sane cane wleieta es China... .. Methodist Episcopal 
McCubbins, Grace Ellinor........ State N and Ind. C (N. C.), St. 

Peter’s H (Charlotte), Scarritt Trs Korea..... Wom. Coun., M.E., So. 
McCurdy, William Albert........ v Morningside C, Garrett Trs...... China..... Methodist Episcopal 
McCurdy, Frieda Eleanor Winkle- ps t 

man (Mrs. William Albert)..... v7. MorningsideiGu.chenicigue usc se AGhirias) tose Methodist Episcopal 
McKinney, Henry Cromwell...... 7 Los Angeles -Ers\csteiene ce noes S. Amer... Bolivian Indian Miss. 
McKinney, Marie E. Maxwell U5 ( 

(Mrs. Henry Cromwell)........ o Los Angeles: Trst ais Singieecineice + S. Amer... Bolivian Indian Miss. 
McQuiston, William Carlton...... v Ohio State U and Grad........... Egypt..... Cairo University 
McQuiston, Rebecca Abi Resa: v Wilmington C, Ohio State U Grad. 

har (Mrs. ioe: Carleton). . Kennedy: Tres ais Way cere Clea Egypt..... Cairo University 
McReynolds, Lou Vera........... o Doane Cuicniis vatsalene Pelule ee CHinay. ue American Board 
McSparran, Dr. Joseph Leroy..... v Randolph-Macon C, University C 

Ee Oa ante bite a eaten apanuieee Protestant Episcopal 
MacDougall, Anna.............. Saskatchewan N, Queen’s U....... Naa ue Presbyterian Ch., Canada 
MacDougall, Christena Frances... »Queen’s U, Presbyterian Trs : 

(Toronto) ys er ee area Aiea Chinas: Presbyterian Ch., Canada 
MacKinnon, Sallie Lou........... Randolph-Macon Woman's C, » Scar- 

Pe A Br IRL ey cre nino, China... Wom. Coun. M. E. So. 
MacLeod, Roderick Alexander.... » Butler Cc C of Missions (Indian- ‘ ; 

apolis)? Vale) U)\umninnc. ce ete China..... For. Chris. Miss. Soc. 
MacLeod, Esther Evelyn Martin » Shurtleff C, C of Missions (Indian- f 

(Mrs. Roderick Alexander)..... Apolis we sees Deer NE lae China... For. Chris. Miss. Soc. 
Major, Laura Lynne, «4.5.5.5 si... vU_ of Minnesota, C of Missions \ 

(indianapolis) 20s sy diiiee shies eee China..... ae Woman’s Bd. M. 
March, Carolyn Edith........... o Syracuse OG Ne to ees eis as cll Mita Ching ae Y. W. C. A: 
Marshall, Raymond Ellsworth.... Dickinson C, v Drew T............ Cen. Am... Methodist Episcopal 
Martyn, Florence Harriette....... Royal Alexandra H, v Kennedy Trs, : 

Rotunda H (Dublin) Eee eB rpee ae AT GIO sets ei of Eng. in Canada 
Mason, Florence Pearl........... Cincinnati\Dre iia. dene eee nae China..... W.F. M.S. Meth. Epis. 
Masters, Annie Daisy............ v Ch. of Eng., Deaconess Trs....... China®Gee Ch. of Eng. in Canada 
Mather, Arlen Raymond......... v Franklin Gy Ohio U, U of Chicago, J 

: Ete Wig Ws SR EO ac AiTiCa sees American Board 

Mather, Faye Moore Smith (Mrs. : i 

Arlen Raymond).............. v Franklin C, Gordon Trs.......... Binica rata American Board 
Maylott, Claude Lorraine........ v Washington State C............. Siamisises si Presbyterian, U. S. A. 
Merriman! Baith eo een cae v Vassar C, Columbia U Grad...... Japatinsnc. Woman's Union Miss. Soc. 
Mitchel, Jesse Coulter............ v Kansas State Agrl. C, Reformed 

Presbyterian T, Bible Teachers . 

esiGNe Yo GC. eee anes ee China..... Reformed Presbyterian. 
Montgomery, James Nelson....... v Wakington and Lee U, U of So. 

Carolina Grad; Columbia T (S.C.). China..... Presbyterian, South 
Montgomery, Aurie Hollingsworth C for Women Sr a I S.C.) 

Lancaster (Mrs. JamesNelson)... v Teachers C (N. Y. C.)..........- Chinas ee Presbyterian, South 
Moore, Dr. Sara Abigail.......... v Grove City C, Still & 2 Osteopathy India..... United Presbyterian 
Mount, Charles Herbert.......... Union U (Tenn. ), »v Moody Trs..... Africa..... Africa Inland 
Mow, Anetta Cordula............ v U of Idaho, Bethany Trs......... In dtae ce. Church of the Brethren 
Nelson) Bert) Nels foie! ss ayatesic Iowa State Teachers C, St. Olaf C, 

i ®@ United Church) Te). ce cei ee China..... Nor. Luth. Ch., Amer. 
Nelson, Ruth Wilhemina......... 9 Moody Eri ee awe sate auc wes) Chinas ass China Inland 
Neville, Eliza Aiken............. Presbyterian C (S. C.) wBible 
‘ Teachers Trs (N. Y¥: C.).....502% China ii. Presbyterian, South 

*Newhouse, Frank Finley........ 0 DOUPAUW Ol miee vet atte ote ta ees China..... Government U 
Noordyk, Wilhelmina............ v Union Trs (Brooklyn) Meth. Epis. : ; 

fs PRED Ns Caen Fes Aural cove br MPa: Indian. e Reformed Ch. in Amer. 
Norman, Clarence Edward........ vU of No. Carolina, Lutheran T 

: (Columbias'S.) Gay lee aac. alate Japan. hea. Evan. Luth. Ch. in N. A. 

Nuneviller, Lulu Beatrice......... Church Deaconess Trs (Phila.), 

2 Phila; Episcopal tH venice casas Alaska.... Protestant Episcopal 
Nutting, Dr. Clara Adams........ v Carleton C, U of Minnesota M... China..... 
Asner pens Kristian’ Nielsen?i/s' 9 Augsburg De aides ene siie tes cee Mada Lutheran Free Church 

akes; Mary Ethel... coi.) s oe cele v0 U. of So. Cahifornia ls cis. ves ee Cent. Bes Methodist Episcopal 

Olsen, Albert William... Biatais VALCO Ri ane citvate tate dearene ed chalet China... 3. Yale For. Miss. Soc. 
Osbornen Lave Ge eetalclt eae DIL AV lOr, We Ge wos te tela et tiaateroe & Chinas. . 
Parmeleé, Patt) iacicscies ae cere’. Lake Erie C, Oberlin — v National 

VENWi Co Ash ra) UN epyiclc.)s eases Indias. Y. W. C. A. 
Patterson, Grace Cowan.......... London N (Ont. ),v Presbyterian Trs 

CPorontoy Mun sak Pah deromeaae Indiatim as Presbyterian Ch., Canada 
Peet Gertrude‘A. viiacdslisias soceiese Mich. State N, » Columbia U...... Persiasi,s Presbyterian, U. SEA 
Perry, Edward Welton........... v Colgate S and US Auburn! Tosi s China..:.. Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
Peters, Mary Gladys............. Ch. of Eng. Deaconess Trs, v Toronto 

ee General Hae ee ee Siena Chinavid.: Ch. of Eng. in Canada 
Phillips, Ray Edmund........... 2 Carleton’ C; Yale Usd ms so tes Africa ye: ./- American Board 
Philpott, Henry Scott............ Antioch C, v Xenia T, Newton T... Burma.... Am. Bap. For. Miss. Soc. 
Pittman, Dr. Allen Ross......... v Vanderbilt U, Trevecca Cand M.. India..... Presbyterian, U. S. A. 
Poteat, Edwin McNeill, Jr........ Furman U and Grad; v So Baptist T China..... Southern Baptist Con. 
Poteat, Wilda Hardman (Mrs. 

Edwin McNeill, Jr.)........... o/Shorter Gita nangeteee ets eevee ts Chinas ccc. Southern Baptist Con. 
Potter; Lucy Ruths dass sont exes @ Ohio. Wesleyan Ue wes vce s'est beets S. Amer... Methodist Episcopal 


tDeceased. Lost his life enroute to his field when S. S. City of Athens was sunk off the Coast of Africa. 


SAILED LIST—IQI7 479 








NAME INSTITUTIONS FIELD MISSIONARY AGENCY 

Powlinson, Kenneth Whitfield..... go Los Angeles Tre. dein esit seis « S. Amer... Bolivian Indian Miss. 
Ma tnam wCAtDATING) ¢ gine .cse vU of SABO: Church Deaconess 

ISAC Malas ieee cision Gu einteh ene are China yi. Protestant Episcopal 
Raffo, Marie Isabelle............. v Georgia N and Ind. C, Scarritt Trs China..... Wom. Coun. M. E., So. 
Ransom, satherine vss. wceeeaes v Mich. Agrl. C, Oberlin C, Colum- 

ey Fm a a eS ayer ate dl IY Alaska.... Presbyterian, U. S. A. 
*Reaves, Henry Lide. .....% 6606s v Davidson C, Columbia T (S. C.).. China..... Presbyterian, South 
Roxrode, Sadie Margaret......... v W. Va. Wesleyan Coteau eles Africal aa W. F. M.S. Meth. Epis. 
Reynolds, Margaret Anna........ BIVMGOC AL TSS YO cate tae Nl a eine tleelate tis China ee): China Inland 
Richards, Archibald Bolitha...... mGentralitoliness | Uieiia casein ae es Chinas. Nat. Holiness Assn. 
Richards, Gertrude Ethel......... State N (Clarion, Pa.), » Moody 

‘ j rss Kennedy Tis vos a dey iridiagasies W. F. M.S. Meth. Epis. 

Robinson, Faye Haldimand....... State N (New Britain), »v Hartford 

ATS UWA leita ted Vaan IN ea so tn China sash W. F. M.S. Meth. Epis. 
Rogers, Dr. Jesse McLean........ Daviand C, vU of Virginia M..... Korea..... Presbyterian, South 
Rogers, Mary Dunn Ross (Mrs. 

James: Mclean) eu enum Weal. ae Greens) Cuno monts Ws iis ats atelier ara Korea..... Presbyterian, South 
Rogers, Laura Judson Learned 

CM rey Jesse yin sat limi abtle cals v Georgetown C....... ay Stel Alc PASaN @ hotel a ae Southern Baptist Con. 
Ross, Myrta Maude Lucile Pearson Eureka C, » C of Missions (Indian- 

Mrs A rm Ory, Wis disle sles aceths Loos cle BDOUS) A SO eR ae eee 2 A Nie, Africa..... Chris. Woman’s Bd. M. 
Rossiter wenrietta yee ca eles oe: v Chicago Evan. Inst., Central Holi- 

LESS Te Mhevse ates aie On Ni a Au ell ate Chimay ay W. F. M.S. Meth. Epis. 
Rowland, Leon Edward.......... v Kalamazoo C, U of Chicago T.... India..... Am. Bap. For. Miss. Soc. 
Russell, Maude Muriel........... wp U et California clccuduae Lent Chinas. NAN AN Beet 
RUSE AVWGIbeEI When Menon cies). Los Angeles Trs, U of So. California Philippines Government School 
Uy Ceres Lil bys at ware ee CRY Ve OPEL tine MOM ee Gival oui yar stat atiig ett v4 lee Burma.... Woman’s Baptist F. M. S. 
Sage, Lucile Leonora..:.......... v State N (Warrensburg, Mo.)..... Mexico.... Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
Sarbers Olive: Maryiu cise: ite as < v Grand Island C, Franklin C, U of 
‘ Chicdro see Muay sont rw cue Ua) eka ht: VAPAIAN Women’s Chris. C, Madras 
Schaffer, Mary: Ann... o)..500..... Bethany Trs, v Manchester C...... Chinas... Church of the Brethern 
Schaffer, Jacob Herman....)..... Wessington Sprgs. Free Meth. T, 
MiGreenvillesG@ vp wea ule ayaa Ghinaweua Free Methodist 
Schirmer, Kathryn Fredericka. . .. 2 Campbell C, North-Western C.... Japan..... Evangelical Association 
Schmidt, pete eg FEA PRS Ea 9 Chicago vane insta. dame sah ae China..... China Mennonite Miss. Soc. 
‘ Schreckengast, ate teue ‘NEALE Ons viNelsvyesievat Wis s\n latmerctae bale S. Amer... W. F. M.S. Meth. Epis. 
Schreiber, Est ef Lydia Plumer 

(MrsGeoree Revie. S58 © Wallamette Wir ect 215) soniye areisiattate Ching tani Evangelical Association 
Scudder, Bradford Morris........ Los Angeles Trs, » Moody Trs..... Atricawens Africa Inland l 
Seeck, Margaret.......... sh Ne State N (Peru, Neb.) v U of Nebr... China..... W.F. M.S. Meth. Epis. 
Seel, Edward George............. v Grove City C, Princeton U Grad 

BG Te ly ecliade elateel ay ota atte la tate S. Amer... Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
Seel, Miriam Anna Rood (Mrs. 

Edward George)).ioie sec. oe. vMaryville C, Kennedy Trs........ S. Amer... Presbyterian, U. S. A. 
Sellemeyer, Esther Irene Dw Heidelberger. Pewee pile. eeely ae i Reformed Ch. in U.S, 
Senn, Florence Marie....... .. 0 U of Michigan se i Methodist Episcopal 
Shank, Josephus Wenger......... 8 Goshen ey ee us ea ovate .. Mennonite 
Shank, Emma E. Hershey (Mrs. 

Josephus Weriger) la Os e5 go. Goshen Coe yond an aa ua a8 i ... Mennonite 
Sherertz, Dwight Lamar .. 0 Roanoke C, Emory U... i . Methodist Episcopal, South 
Shields, Ried Frampton..... .. v Tarkio C, Pittsburg T United Presbyterian 
SHIPIEY. MaTyeBOVO see vce oa eels eo Bryn Maw. Cin ene eed ale i Presbyterian, U. S. A. 
Sisby, Helen Cassilly............. v Marysville C, Bible Teachers Trs 

CNG YO Ge ee ST A Ria HIN China a2 si Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
*Simonds, Everett James......... Neb. Wesleyan U, Yale U Grad.. Endia ee: VMS ©e Ag 
Sinclair, Dr. Bessie Belle......... v Amer. M. Miss C, C of P. and §. ! 

‘ ‘ : * (Chicago) Moody Trs........... Chinas vate. Seventh Day Baptist 

Sisson, Oliver Hardwicke......... v Central Holiness ue Drake U, 

Leander Clark C, U of Chicago \ 

. Gradua cine wataticrwalaie haretae eave Burma.... Am. Bap. For. Miss. Soc. 
Slaght, Dr. Carrie Estella........ v rmeeai C, U of Chicago, Rush } 
Pea en esee ais, Sd Retbisieirany abodes ats China..... Woman’s Baptist F. M.S. 

Smith, Bertha Keeler............ v Menuisa OPI a eatery terial tral Oe India..... American Board 
Smith, Charles Stanley........... Allegheny C, v Auburn T.......... Ghingh cas Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
Smith, Dorothea Caroline Wil- 

helmina Zaenglein (Mrs. Chas. 

“Shekel epi eke ryote ecu Sh Ce ania hale B. gCe aera tae cle Meera EAL an i ed oa CHa ie ae Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
SITE CEVA OI ANG. s ahedh. ih eliterere sie! ets oGrovel Citys Cie cet iile aie a eleats India) Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
Smith, Horace George............ UP PIETSOLSIS Resets eed AS ne Tae Africas si. Africa Inland 

Be Stnib ly LEWis steals ein sai the (ofein as Pdos Angeles Ersesd sheeple casas ¢ Cen. Am... Central Amer. Miss, 
Smith, Matthew Dinsdale........ Dakota Wesleyan U, v Teachers’ C , ‘ 
. : CIN a) eS UNOS, Meets to Sa S. Amer... Methodist Episcopal 
Smith, Olive Bertha............. Linwood C, »v Winthrop N and Ind. 
C, Baptist Woman’s Trs (Louis- } : 
; idee ale pONMAUR ON ENS! aun vakee « China..... Southern Baptist Con. 
‘*Smith, William Kyle............ DAPOUAY ip itiial) VN an a WN tee ie te eect S. Amer... 
Spencer, Mary Dorothy.......... C of Emporia, State U (Emporia), : 
DIG ORACATISES the ate, hh stabs el erota Japanscces Protestant Episcopal 
Spencer, Evelyn Winthrow Mc- C for Women (Columbia S. C.), » 
Alpine (Mrs. Robert Stewart).. Winthrop B and Ind. C, Bible , , 
Peachersubran(Na YiC. jamie sis s00 Japan... 5 Methodist Episcopal 
Stallings, William Henry......... v Shurtleff C, U of Chicago, Newton T Portugal... Y. M.C. A. 
Steawis MMablene cs «isle sips octets ere State N (Plattsbure), v Bible Teach- 


ETS 1 ra NVC) cise ute sieve siere's Chinavie.: Kuling School 


480 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


NAME 


Stegeman, Henry Van Eyck...... 


Stegeman, Gertrude Jeanette 


Hoekje (Mrs. Henry Van Eyck) Hope C, U of Michigan Grad. 
Steinheimer, Herman Carl........ Bak 
tieeie (N. Y. C.), Teachers’ C 
Steinheimer, Ella Frances Jones 
Mrs? Herman) Carl))it Ue ss 
Steven, Florence Winifred........ 


Stribling, /rances aie tstersatelatel ates 


Suffern, Ellen Harriet............ 
Sweet, Mary Edith. ...¢......... 
Taylor, Martha Louise........... 
nT ethe; FOSED HL ionicias ele Cefetels ace bite 


Thomas, Mabel Ellen............ 
Thomas, Ruth Frances........... 


Thompson, Mary Lyon.......... 
PL HOmMpsony RUDYilVisle » creinicietete ole oka 


Thompson, James Claude........ 


Touchstone, (Caryen <j: «iciviers ole ole 
Towson, Ma OPEL she) sersrcls chests 
Tabbesulaibatenecccies s ceive 


Mucker,: WilliainiL so. cre octets cle sisle ere 


Uhlinger, Andrew Peter.......... 
Uhlinger, Birdie Pearl DeHoog 

(Mrs. Andrew Peter).......... 
Van Pelt, Mary Cubberley....... 
Van Vranken, Herbert Emmet.... 
Van Wyk, John Cornelius........ 


Mich. 
Van Wyk, Amelia Susan Menning Western State N (Kalamazoo), # 
(Mrs. John Cornelius)......... 
Veenschoten, Henry Michael...... 


Waline, Edwin Emmanuel........ 
Wallis} Hope: Bilis. to uistsis stsreieis) ec. 
*Waterman, Helena.............. 
Weil, Minerva Stout............. 


Welch} Dr.) Rolland Alyse... 
Welles, Carolyn Aiken........... 
Wharton, Anne Louise........... 


White, Anna Catherine........... 
White, Emmons Eaton........... 
White, Ruth Esther Parker (Mrs. 
Emmons Hatome forts. cewiee une 
White, Irma White are Henry 
Harrison G Srebora ier el ketene eutie telel brevet 


Whitnah, Carrell Henry.......... 


Williams, Olive Penniman........ 
Wolfers, Louis Ernest............ 


Woolsey Etta Leesa. \s sa nce ello 
Wright, Leavitt Olds............. 
Wright, Marion Reed Howland 

(Mrs. Leavitt/Olds)i, .. 2) scsi ow 


INSTITUTIONS 


ee | 


4.6 (5) 8, oS eleels.e ais = fe, ele else ele 


v London N (Ont.), v Moody Trs... 
Hiram C, Washington U M 
Stier, William Rudolf Fuerchtegott v Rutgers Cc 
Stinson, William Van Tuyl....... 
Stites, Dr. Frank Montgomery, Jr. "McLean C, » U of Louisville M. 
Stout, Sara Van Dyke........... 


ee 


U of Minnesota, y Omaha T 


Buford C, Cincinnati Cons. of Music, 


v Ill. Wesleyan U 
v Iowa State Teachers’ C 


ee ed 


er 


U of Pennsylvania H BLAINE DAT ARE. 
McKendree C, Greenville C, » Chi- 
cago Evan. Inst., 


ee ee | 


v Tarkio C. U of Chicago Grad 
lata State Teachers’ 


Ce 


| 


La Grange C, Scarritt Trs 

v Albion a Bible Teachers Trs 
CNY a Cc.) deleseei ere deiele ee eee Africa 

Randolph-Macon C, Princeton U 


as 


v Los Angeles Trs 
Norton Mem. H (Louisville) 
v Hope C, New Brunswick T 
, Western T (Holland, 


ee 


Ce | 


ee ey 


ee ec ey 


Chicago Musical C, » Wheaton C., 
Pete N (Millersville, Pa.) » Moody 


ee? 


v Smith (a "Kennedy irs 
Ch. Deaconess Trs a ), » Chil- 


v Bible Teachers Trs ri 
v Yale U and T 


v Mt. Holyoke C 
v Mt. Holyoke C 


W. C. A. Trs (N.Y.C.) 
v H Sophie Newcomb Mem. C, Bir- 

mingham Meth. C. Scarritt Trs. . 
Grand Island C, U of Nebraska, U 

of Chicago Gradie's tts; 4, es Bu AE 
Bible Teachers Trs (N. Y. C.)..... Japan 
Columbia U, U of Munich, Cornell 
U of Texas, v Scarritt Trs........, 
v Harvard U, Union T (N. Y. C.)... 


v Mt. Holyoke C 


MISSIONARY AGENCY 


Reformed Ch. in Amer. 
Reformed Ch. in Amer. 
Methodist Episcopal 


. Methodist Episcopal 


China Inland 
For. Chris: Miss. Soc. 
VaMeGsae 


Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
Methodist Episcopal, South 


... Wom. Coun. M. E. So. 


Presbyterian, South 
W. F. M.S. Meth. Epis. 
W. F. M.S. Meth. Epis. 
pene U.S. A. 


... Nor. Luth. Ch., Amer. 


Methodist Episcopal, South 
W. F. M.S. Meth. Epis. 
United Presbyterian 

China Inland 

Nanking University 
Methodist Episcopal, South 
Methodist Episcopal, South 
W. F. M.S. Meth. Epis. 


Mees t Episcopal South 


. Africa Inlan 


Africa Iniand 


... Reformed Ch. in Amer. 


Reformed Ch. in Amer. 
Reformed Ch. in Amer. 
Reformed Ch. in Amer. 
Reformed Ch. in Amer. 


. Presbyterian, U.S. A. 


Sudan Interior 
Boat Mission 


Reformed Ch. in U. S. 
United Evangelical 
American Board 


Protestant Episcopal 
Kuling Schoo 


’ American Board 


American Board 


. American Board 


Y. W.C.A. 
Wom. Coun. M. E. So 


... Am. Bap. For. Miss. Soc. 


Presbyterian, U. S. A. 
Wom. Coun. M. E., So. 


. American Board 


. American Board 


SAILED VOLUNTEERS FOR 1918 


In the table abbreviations have been used as follows: C =College; H =Hospital; M =Medical ;N =Normal; 
S=Secondary School; T=Theological; Trs=Bible, Deaconess and Missionary Training School; U= University; 


9 =Volunteered at. 
*Volunteers sailed before 1918; names reported here for the first time. 


NAME INSTITUTIONS FIELD 


Adair, Sara Margaret............ aw CooperiGaytaaeccisisnete sate stetoa Egypt 
PAG bye HO aan GarOn AG ORG State N (Peru, Neb.), » Neb. Wes- 

: leyan U, U of So. California Grad. S. Amer. 
Aden, Anna Almeda Pettit (Mrs. » Occidental C, U of So. California 


Ted Fl.) iene rere Sein AasOn Or Gradinaiiel ance cisrquiatote astern ace S. Amer... 

Akerstrom, Frances Elizabeth..... N. Y. Trng. Sch. for Teachers, 9 

Maryville C, Bible Teachers Trs 

. Osh: MACS aoitns Shino cinivedunn.cte GqQhe S. Amer... 

Alger; Carrie: Belle... <1. stieisis eo State N (Oneonta, N. Y.)........- S. Amer... 
Altvn: Laura: Cole. kicsscciewes sce Rovall Alexandra FH ovic cise delerioie ales GIA se ectete 
Almquist, Lars August Samuel.... » North Park Cand T............ Alaska... 
Alvord, Grace Lucile............. v State N (Los Angeles), U of So. 

Cahfoeniattty siic,cactdes cteuue Panama... 
Amiendt: Charles Coc stew sins siecle 6 v Mt. Union C, Boston U T........ Korea..... 
*Anderson, Elam Jonathan....... Drake U, v Cornell U Grad........ Assam.. 
Anderson, Elsie Ruth............ State N (St. Cloud, Minn.)........ China..... 
Anderson, Howard Elmer........ Lenox C, State U of Iowa, Y.M.C.A. 

Trs (Chicago), »v Princeton T..... Tnidiati are. 
Anderson, Mary Louise Brawley, Newberry C, v Woman’s ( 

(Mrs. Howard Elmer).......... West), Bible Teachers Trs (N.Y. C) Indian V..,. 
Argelander, Frank A............. v Baldwin-Wallace C...........+.- China..... 
IADIE  CIATARV fo cs, sinereildeinved cies sos Muskingum C, Ohio N U, v Moody 

; Dine) clo 4 okoabclord es Sei wae cals Africa..... 
Ayers, Edith Caroline............ vy Converse C, State U (Conway, 
Llc sean Vilas oak edlas mer. 
*Baer, Mary E. Breneman (Mrs. 

Frank tAa)icne cota tela aterele cu syase v Chris. Alliance Trs (Nyack)...... wie N eiarate 
Bagby, Taylor Crawford......... v Baylor U, Southern Baptist T. S. Amer... 
Batley, Hathiecsesccvescce ca vices v Moody 1 fe Vota AL ANTS rR : China..... 
Barber, Harold Hayden.......... Vale Ute Hartford) lvceses «ae cen Mexico.. 
Barber, Barbara Southworth How- 

land (Mrs. Harold Hayden)..... v Northfield S, Mt. Holyoke C..... Mexico.. 
Barnett, Martha so tae velsies ace Lady ites H (Ottawa), Bellevue H. 

(N. Y. C.,) » Methodist National ; 

FErs) (Toronto) aiccicn ose sielelepareieietsis Chinaleae. 
Barr, Jean McClelland........... Carnegie Inst. of Tech. wBible 

sheachersi-hrs (Novy co) Gs) sete sis 6 China..... 
Bates wLAULa LILCNE vac esisieisisisie «sal gL oronto Bible; Crees ses cianiets os Chindsanne 
*Beardslee, Harriet Belle......... v Chris. Alliance Trs (Nyack)...... Indiaaec. 
Beegle, Caroline Dorothea........ Northfield S, v U of Pa. H......... China..... 
*Birch, George Snider, Jr......... N. Ga. Agrl. C, Emory C, vU of 

Georgia side oor os doles vanced India..... 
*Birch, Ethel May Ellis (Mrs. 7 

George Snider, y Mee ca esisieias ®: Wooster JU, cadena siveiasugtere crisis India iis 
Blasdell, RobertiAtlen vs csc.s ss. v Allegheny C, Boston U T........ Malaysia. . 

*Board, Annie Elizabeth Morgan 

(Mrs, TosephiG:s) wanecicica!s + a's > v Wesleyan Female C............. Cubaiies). 
Boatman, Conway...........-+.-- Cee MES eh ccna poeda ano cbngo nee India...... 
Boatman, Caroline Elmina Brasher - : 

(MraaConway)iciiocs escce. es ge Cincinnatiyl recep ictsuyelatelalelaric cate Indias. .2+ 
Bovell, Mabel Elise.............. Shurtleff C, » U of Chicago, Hassel- 

tine Tress corse ek clei tiesie sols China..... 
Bowman, Samuel Benjamin....... Bethany Trs, vy McPherson C...... Chinav.s.s 
Bowman, Pearl Stauffer (Mrs. Sam- : 
uel Benjamin) 2s..2)......5.2.4. Bethany Trs, v McPherson C...... Chinda.e: 
Boyd)! Mary Lois feds e ccs 5c cee Ill. State N_U, vy Muskingum C..... indiak <..% 
BBraaten. lal Macscereacalscieisis + s\ Concordia C, » T of the United Nor. 
Gutherant@hureh ve vattecers« iets ete hinge acl 
Bradley; Blanchewe.. ue 3-1-+-- = vy Union Baptist Inst., Baptist Wo- 
man’s Trs (Louisville), New York 
Fra aciotene » oa erecta avheuacdoaes China..... 
Braun, Milton Lau.............. Ohio State U, » Wake Forest C..... China... 
Braun, Mary A. Young (Mrs. Mil- : f : 

eciig F V0) IGEN RCO CaS Chris. Alliance Trs (Nyack)........ China..... 
Briers Howard Besse ole ss «nis WOccidental Cua wiasciesdotane vrelerer’ Hawaii... 
Brodbeck, Laura Emma.......... WILEOL Chica gO sacsiays sevsiacele alk esers) 5,008 China..... 
Brown, Bessie Franc............. 9 Epworth Evan. Inst... .......... China..... 
Brown, Florence L..........0se. O Los Angeles) Tr8.)5 cers ole a ste cess s China..... 
Brown, Marjorie Belle........... a Parks Obs cies ssi. - ptt; Win oImee Nees CHITA Yate ts 
Brown, Dr. Robert Elsworth...... Taylor U, vof U Illinois, U of Mich- \ 

a@eAT Vw ta ataee otabe Nalatetare Sceiere inva ers Chinaiss.¢ 
Brown, Carrie Mae Willis (Mrs. Me . 

Robert Elsworth)............-- Taylor U, v U of Illinois........... China..... 
Brown, Rosalind Jane............ v Toronto Bible C..... pereraetet stare oe Africa..... 
Bruere, William Bowen........... v Mt. Union-Scio C, Princeton T... India..... 
Biverly i GSsi@ lc cislisc a s/s clone wives s v Bible Teachers Trs (N. Y. C.).... India..... 


481 


MISSIONARY AGENCY 


United Presbyterian 


.. Methodist Episcopal 


Methodist Episcopal 


Methodist Episcopal 
Methodist Episcopal 
Baptist Ch., Canada 


. Swedish Evangelical 


Methodist Episcopal 
Methodist Episcopal 


‘ a eee For. Miss. Soc. 
Y.W.C. A. 


Presbyterian, U.S. A. 


Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
Methodist Episcopal 


W. F. M.S. Meth. Epis. 


Chris. and Miss. Alliance 
Southern Baptist Con. 
Door of Hope Mission 


.. American Board 


.. American Board 


Wom. S. Meth. Ch., Canada 
Reformed Presbyterian 
China Inland 

Chris. and Miss. Alliance 
Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
Presbyterian, U.S. A. 


Presbyterian, U. S. A. 
Methodist Episcopal 


Candler College 
Methodist Episcopal 


Methodist Episcopal 


Woman's Baptist F. M. S. 
Church of the Brethren 


Church of the Brethren 
United Presbyterian 


Nor. Luth. Ch., Amer. 


Southern Baptist Con. 
Southern Baptist Con. 


Southern Baptist Con. 


> Woman's Baptist F. M.S. 
So. China Holiness Miss. 
China Inland 


Methodist Episcopal 


rebeiene ey tone 
Africa Inlan 
Methodist Sueoeey 
Presbyterian, U 


482 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


NAME INSTITUTIONS FIELD MISSIONARY AGENCY 
Caldwell, Elizabeth May......... vState N (San Diego, Cal.) Los i 
’ MNGCLES LTS viel ayista ister ieteieteatetele ts Indias... : United Presbyterian 
*Callins; Georges os aie ciate aetin alee v U of Puget) Sotind:, v.. a estasse cies Philippines Y. M. C. A. 
Campbell, Florence Margaret..... Grey Nun’s H, v Methodist National 
Prs(Loronto)ieay sash teem tee China: >... Wom. S. Meth. Ch., Canada 
Canfield; Ford Levis si 32. 0soeeue. v@ Los ‘Anweles\T rs) ets tee cee China..... China Inland 
Canfield, Carolyn Purdy Lovejoy 
(Mrs. Ford Leva) ace antiam dies Los Angeles Tran vince eras. Chinas... China Inland 
Carson, Esther Hazeltine Evan- Nazarene U, Olivet U, » U of Cali- ; 
geline...... eave eleietaleil slat eaiet alas fornia Grad ‘pigs ean elias) S. Amer... Pentacostal. Church 
Chambers! Dilan Gidea secs v U of Nebraska, National Y.W.C.A. 
Wr Tre (NS YAGI ee ees nent apans). cer Y. W.C.A. 
Chaney, James William.......... v Ohio State U, Chicago Evan. Inst. Ariens .. Methodist Episcopal 
Chaney, Ida E. Ford (Mrs. James 
SW binders) Siesta. c huts at loll wah ore lave les bal v Chicago Evan. Inst... 0.5050... S. Amer... Methodist Episcopal 
Chapin, Emma Reynolds......... v Grove City C, Hartford T........ S. Amer... Y. W.C. A. 
Charles, Neva Irene............. U of Colorado, 9 U of California Grad ; 
Ailes Bible Teachers Trs (N.Y.C.)..... China..... Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
Chase, Samuel Christian......... Wilberforce U, » Payne T......... S. Amer.. unease ain Epis. 
Cheney, Monona Lucile.......... v Lawrence C, ae UiGrad sae Chmalie sé W. F. M.S. Meth. Epis. 
Clapp, Frances Benton........... v Pacific U and Grad...........-.. Japan..... American Board 
Coan: Frank'Speer. 2 se ainies cee v Williams C, New 4G (Edinburgh), 
Hartford Tie ee eee ae India...... Y. M.C. A. 
Coan, Janet Tryon Stone (Mrs. 
Franke Speer saa aloes Beterttals 4 Northwestern U, Kennedy Trs..... India ek : 
Cobb, John Boswell.............. o Mercer Wn re antes cells apan..... Methodist Epis. South 
Coburn, Clata ‘Matilda se. .4csiiek v Hope ©.) 32. eM anprens uilehsi adalat alars © fii Seen wr. Reformed Ch. in Amer. 
Coen, Roscoe Conkling........... v James Millikin U, McCormick T.. Korea..... Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
Coen, Mary Lorena Buchanan 
(Mrs. Roscoe Conkling)........ E. Ill. State N, » James Millikin U.. Korea..... Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
Doe (Una eee ome seni se ieigiatete © o Tarkio O.i ice ain ele area bloat Egypt..... United Presbyterian 
Combs, Paul Hamill..........: State N (Emporia, Kans.), v Park 
peAra barn ve eeiis G leletele leva ta lots odere lets Africas. Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
Combs, Louise Worthington (Mrs. : 
PawmlHamill) leh eee ohakewecheh. G Park Speke daiccieteis cela pels Africa. ..%'s Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
Cook, Dr! Alva: Dean: ji) h i. jas v Otterbein U, Western Reserve U M Philippines United Brethren 
Cook, Frances Alwilda Dick (Mrs. ; 
Al vai Dean) va its ceive Seltiseblelercis 9 Otterbein Wiis Ai ried seis ele ots es he Philippines United Brethren 
Cooke, Allyn Bushnell. .......... o LosuAngeles; Tras cance swe enero aete China .7 02% China Inland 
Copley, Ruth Elizabeth.......... 9’ Tayion Uses Her ouhas Bele ebore teers Philippines W. F. M. S. Meth. Epis. 
*Cowan, Henry Grady.........-. U of Alabama, v Vanderbilt U T.... W. Indies... Methodist Sepis, South 
Cowles, Samuel Macon, Jr........ U of Tenessee, Mansfield C (Oxford) China..... Y.. MiG As 
Craven, Norma Bell............. 9 Carrolli@ oe yaoi Ma Le a Malaysia.. W. F. M.S. Meth. Epis. 
Cumming, Daniel James......... v Kentucky Wesleyan U, Presbyter- 
ian’ Ty (Gonisvilleyisc.t ein weeiiee Korea..... Presbyterian, South 
Curtis, Grace Charlotte.......... v Boston U, Los Angeles Trs....... Japanese ct Presbyterian, U. S. A. 
Danuser, Maybelle.............. v North: Western Cilio os pall cle sriele Chinas se. Y. W.C.A. 
Davis, We Wards olou miners eraleste vd o Park C, McCormick Tansey nesis Ching aya... Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
Davis, Eva Allen Williams (Mrs. ; 
WiliWard omen atta deters atohels ao Pavic Cr ciata ah hae daa wat ote tea Chinas... Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
DeAnguera, Herman Clifford..... Dartmouth C, » Rochester T....... S. Amer... Y. M.C. A. 
DeMoulin, Dora Edna........... Baptist Trs (Chicago), v Kalamazoo 
Ne eens Gatton s 45o Abel Gao Cen. Am... Woman's Bapt. Miss. Soc. 
Denman, Lois Margaret.......... v Oakland Kind. Trng. Sch., Barnard 
: fine Ci of California tienen aces Siam...... Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
Dennison, Martha Priscilla....... v Smith a National Y. W. C. A. 
Tes CN YG nN re le ete India..... Y. W.C.A. Rt: 
Desjardins, Helen Mabel......... DP Albion Cue een ele deere teveteia MHIte ee be W.F. M.S. Meth. Epis. 
Ditmanson, Frederick............ v Augsburg C and T, U of Chicago : 
Gradiaa he tse cee skates eae China...:. Lutheran Bd. of M. 
Drury, WANs 5 is evel lr Vivleeinds ane Bonebrake T, » Otterbein U, Ohio 


State U Grad., Uof Chicago Grad. 
Bible Teachers Trs (N. Y. C.).... Philippines United Brethren 
Dubs, Homer Hasenpflug......... rare es v Yale U, Union 


(NSYE Ci ee Rae cee cle tals China..... United Evangelical 

Dubs, Florence Arnold (Mrs. ; 
Homer Hasenpflug)............ v Georgetown C, Columbia U Grad. China..... United Evangelica’, 

Dunlop, John Wallace........... v U of California, Los Angeles Trs, y 

San PranciscoiP.i0/3 ii sic bel acae ge Philippines Presbyterian, U. S. A. 
Dunning, Elizabeth Harriet....... Lawrence o National Y. W. C. A. 

p Crs CNG Eee acct tsi piel cote, Japan ei. Ye Wi GaAs 

DuPee, Nina Gertrude........... Pomona Valley H, vC of Missions 

Cndianapolis))naseiveniee ss cae China izeen For. Chris. Miss. Soc. 
Edgar, Annies ih sicae nin: Miaikslers v University C, Toronto GeneralH.. India..... Ch. of Eng. in Canada 
Edgerton, Faye Elva........0..: a Moody Trev: ect oes cl thes Korea..... Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
Edwards, Moodey..........e.005 v Bethany C, C of Missions (Indian- _ 

; ; Apolis) iach bade Gea ea pases sees Mexico.... Chris. Woman's Bd. M. 
Ellis, Pattie, Nell Gest inten ees v Randolph-Macon ee s C,Bible ( 
, Teachers Trs (N. Y. C.)....5.... India eet. Vo WaGras 

Embree, Revington Leyman...... @ Union) Ct Cheon eerie neta ie kee Africa..... United Brethren 
Engle, Mabel Edna.............. Lebanon Valley C, Columbia U Grad India..... American Board 
English, Marguerite Griswold..... v Vassar C, State N (New Haven).. Korea..... 
Ferger, Nellie Hartwell........... Wellesley C, » Bible Teachers Trs : A 

(NYS Gi. vooe Pea eae re ees India..... Presbyterian, U.S. A. 


SAILED LIST—1918 


483 





Kelly; Cafeb Gayervic. |. «/s tists s sc0 v Johns Hopkins U and Grad...... Africa..... 


NAME INSTITUTIONS FIELD MISSIONARY AGENCY 
Berenson Franic..\ ccs sede Roanoke C, v Vanderbilt U T...... S. Amer... 
Fingland, mine Howitt deri: 9 University C, Hartford 'T.......).. Korea..... Presbyterian Ch., Canada 
Pintonsiva Myers sis. os ose eos v Dickinson C, Chicago Trs........ Tridia i015 ¢ W. F. M.S. Meth. Epis. 
Fiske, Louie McKinley........... 9iCrof the) Pacific stirs tuedielele cts Cen. Am... Methodist Episcopal 
Fleming, paTan Anna Mayes. in a8 Loronto: Bible Ciemme rrr nes apanie 3 Reformed Ch. in Amer. 
Folensbee, Bradley Jacob......... Rutgers C, v New Brunswick T.... W. Indies... Reformed Ch. in Amer. 
Foster, Beatrice Louise............ v Queens U, Saskatoon N, Meth. 
National Trs (Toronto)........ China..... Wom. S. Meth. Ch., Canada 
MORTON LODE aioe «estes, taidhe teehee 9 York C, U of Nebraska.......... S. Amer... Methodist Episcopal 
*Francis, Elizabeth Dora......... v Presbyterian Trs (Chicago)....... S. Amer... 
Fulghum, Sarah Frances......... v Bessie Tift C, Louisville N, Baptist ’ 
; Woman’s Trs (Louisville)........ Japan..... Southern Baptist Con. 
Gallimore, Arthur Raymond...... Wake Forest C and Grad., vSo. : 
Baptise eis) e srsttaks eee caer ahets Chingy. 2 Southern Baptist Con. 
Garnett, Christine s..oe.css ec. a'e!s v Baptist Woman's Trs (Louisville). W.Indies.. Southern Baptist Con. 
Gates, Elsie May Tellier (Mrs. Y 
Paul SD SEM MN Me tane ieee Sal abereie gies slats 9 UsotiRochesterss orsd vate ese acute Japansenc. Am. Bap. For. Miss. Soc. 
George, Frederick P.............. eNotth Parke /C tie vue ey ae China i409 Swedish Evan. Miss. Cov. 
Cail Jessie Drew Weer ess cele eae v Meridian Woman’s C, Scarritt Trs W. Indies.. Methodist Epis., South 
Gillet, Ira. Edmond :.,........5.' v U of Denver, Ore. Agrl. C, Oberlin ) | 
; Grand (Ey ee i Ree ao Ree ENE). Africa’...'.'. Methodist Episcopal 
Gillet, Edith Clara Riggs (Mrs. Oberlin Kind. er Sch., Bible 
ra Edmond) sbalatetale’s siastethe east mMeachers: Drs CN, Yi Calais ane cess Africa..... ee er Episcopal 
Gilliland, Helen Comber.......... v Ohio Wesleyan U............20. S. Amer... W. F. M.S. Meth. Epis. 
Glenn, Floy Doster (Mrs. Capers : 
WGAIMAT) ee cate ae esos ee teialals v Meridian Woman's C............ Ghingaeee. Methodist Epis., South 
(s0ertz: Peter Sisto che ules Cis U of fern v McPherson C, Yale : 
AMT) os neta etd See China..... American Board 
Geertz, Mathilde Harms (Mrs. i 
POLOP OA eel utara atta el ste McPherson C, Tabor C, v Yale U T China..... American Board 
Grimes, Etta Belle; 05). ose sees E. Ill. State N, v Ore. Agrl. C...,.. Korea..... Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
Guild, Edna SOLVE erence tage t\ate Washburn C, Sab ‘State N, 9 ‘ 
I BNnEO VV ITS Nena aetna tetiee woke Persia..... Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
Halverstadt, Hattie Juanita...... v Southwestern C (Kans.), Chicago ! i 
TERA atel ana es: sue patcrmymtats Ae. ais 118 dla W. F. M.S. Meth. Epis. 
Hannaford, Ruth Nancy Emerson Wellesley C, » National Y. W. C. A. , 
NIPBETLOWATO Ls) ae tami Genes iciais a VAS INA Oy) PUT ha a aia ca JAPAN. oss Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
Hansell, Sarah Glover............ vAgnes Scott C, Peabody C for ‘ 
pea Gere nar Groene (a luseler a stole NADAT ap alere Presbyterian, South 
Hanson, Marjorie Lucy.......... Macalester C, State N (Monmouth, 
Ore Paes a Rs es ered orea..... ay U.S.A. 
Harrington, Sylvia Rhoda........ v Syracuse U, Chicago Trs......... Korea. ci. W.F. M.S. Meth. Epis. 
Haslam, Oliver Roberts.......... v Seattle Pacific C................ Japansiec Free Methoeinn 
Haslam, Rachel Beecaft (Mrs. } 
Oliver moperts) utes ime esate ls wiseattle Pacthe Omit ois usc aie Epi a ADAM vets Free Methodist 
Henderson, Harold Hayes........ vU of Washington, San Francisco j 
TaPrincetomsbis was esie sites eiscneys Korea..... Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
Henderson, Edna Margaret Pusey ! 
(Mremtarold Hayes). dh!) o's) v U of Washington, Moody Trs..... Korea..... Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
Hicks, Pearl Olivier. oelasiels\ aisle! ss Oklahoma U, E. Cent. State N . f 
(Okla.),'9. Scarrttt. Tris i. oe ee S. Amer... Methodist Epis., South 
Astt; Tella Aig neta yes isla a efs.e'. v Wellesley C, Teachers C, Union T ’ ; 
CIN Vin, Ce) sieiatess toyed ale tovetaxevers al eheyetete ING ..« Woman's Baptist F. M.S. 
*Hill, Dr. Philip Launcelot, Jr..... v M of Virginia Bp Se EES WR Se at KCOTEA Ye s.0 Methodist Epis., South 
Hill, ‘Thomas IW LOT stlcissic.e iss 2 | » Kans. State Agrl. C, U of Kans., \ ‘ : 
C of Missions (Indianapolis) Cree ING icietatess Chris. Woman’s Bd. M. 
Holmes! Vera Maries cose. 5s @ Carleton) Cae ine Ken dente aba China ses American Board 
Hotson, Jennie Little............ -N (Stratford, Ont.), » Presbyterian 
PTs (CL OLONGO) see set erste one terol Japan. «.). Presbyterian Ch., Canada 
*Howe,\ John Litas. .as.c’ ce ase v Grove City C, Western T........ Alaska.... Presbyterian Home Miss. Bd. 
*Hulmes, Miriam Francis,........ v Bible Teachers Trs (N. Y. C.).... W. Indies.. Methodist Episcopal 
Hummel, Karl Degen............ @ LosvAngelesi Travis wae ae aleeta els Cen. Am... Central Amer. Miss. 
*Hurlburt, Joseph Raymond...... Hawaiian Board T, » McCormick T Cen. Am... 
Huske, Marion Strange.......... U_of No. Carolina, Davidson C, ; 
Union T (Richmond)........... S. Amer... Presbyterian, South 
Hutton, William Ralph.......... v Southwestern C and Grad. (Kans.) . ‘ 
Crozer T, U of Chicago T....... Indias... Am. Bap. For. Miss. Soc. 
Hutton, Elsie Chloe Sprecher (Mrs. State N (Em oria, Kans.), U of : ; 
William: Ralph) J ..6:c. sie cicccce Kansas; OU. ofi\Chicagors vt kdainciate ndisi te hese Am. Bap. For. Miss. Soc. 
Teaacwirene Louise ys cl.s. sia tase v Ch. of England Trs, Kennedy Trs.. Japan..... Ch. of England in Canada 
Veftrey Nn Lvory. sas ite cesta ieee p Toronto Bible C es Pav sisaiia act aes China..... Chris. and Miss. Alliance 
enka ol ce MIUATE (eases ce cotati cule v Wellesley C, Johns Hopkins M.... China..... Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
Jennings, Walter S............... Marion N (Ind.), Fairmount Trs, ; ; 
S Houghton te inet veteiee eae Africa..... Wesleyan Methodist 
Jennings, Miriam Coulter (Mrs. Mavion N (Ind.), Taylor U, v Fair- : Y 
WAGED hot cymes elote ats alec iaincrel mount Trs, Houghton itis chevaetan cts Africa..... Wesleyan Methodist 
Johnson, Dr. Eda Lydia.......... U of So. California, v Chicago Trs, . 
C of Osteopathic P aad Sizteena China..... W. F. M.S. Meth. Epis. 
ones, Emily Frances............ @ CHeOLisnelanG LTSiviesl.«tseieselets 8 China..... Ch. of Bagi in Canada 
rcher, James Franklyn......... v U of Pittsburgh and Grad........ China..... Canton Christian College 
Kay, Caroline Lindsay........... v Moody Trs, Los Angeles Trs..... China..... China Inland 
Kelley, Anne Bassett............ v Beloit C, U of Wisconsin Grad.... China..... American Board 


Methodist Episcopal 


484 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 





NAME INSTITUTIONS FIELD MISSIONARY AGENCY 

Kendall, Helen McCain.......... v Florence Harkness Severance Trs, i 

Presbyterian H (N. YoC:). ne. ouundiay J+... Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
King, Myrth Ernestine........... v Colorado C, National Y.W.GA. 

Trs (N. Y. C.) eae eH, AE Daa S. Amer... Y. W. C. A. 
Kirby, Mary: Alicésscenabiecida coins v Indiana State U, Kennedy Trs.... India..... Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
Kirk, HectortAce casei sian Moody, 1 Lrs wae emetechel Cie eterere tae tee Africa... Sudan Interior 
Klyve, Samson Samsanson........ ¢ Augsburg. Candi Denese es China ..>,. Nor. Luth. Ch., Amer. 
Lamar, Mary (Alice ine. ee eeneine 9 Scarritt Ls. ee sessions S. Amer... Wom. Coun. M. E. So. 
Lawrence, Emilie Gertrude....... Ottawa U, U of Kansas, v Baptist 

‘Trs.. (Chicago) ec. cet. cabo Burma.... faded a) s Baptist F. M.S. 
Lefforge,; RoKyameuacakickubtinsciac Ind. State N, » DePauw U......... China ec W. F. M.S. Meth. Epis. 
Legg, Della Gertrude............ aera C, 9 C of Missions (Indian- ; 

APOlS)y sa eschocee aoe es Chinas. Chris. Woman’s Bd. M. 
Lehman, "Howard Ta esis ens State N (Mansfield, Pa.), » Moody 3 

TrS ec ha estes otras) uae wate ieekee S. Amer... Methodist Epis., South 
Lehman, Ada Lydia Septer (Mrs. Lids 

Howard: Tie iaeekiswucwle eelaleevers of Moody) Trsi dice ocjeilo asic nicl tece S. Amer... Methodist Epis., South 
Leiper, Henry Martyn Smith..... v Amherst C, Union T (N. Y. C.), 

Columbia UrGradean. ce ace mete. Chinaman American Board 
Leiper, Eleanor Lansing Cory (Mrs. ; 

Henry Martyn Smith)......... PV Omith Creve eeGeeeinecele «erent Chinageo asic American Board 
*Lewis, John Abraham........... » Morningside’ Gan eicheaenioae et net Chinamincnc Methodist Episcopal 
Lewis, Mary Land (Mrs. Stephen v Chicora C for Women, John Hop- : 

BB) oR eS cefelesia Se ciate kins H, Bible Teachers Trs 

(N. Y. Cc: AAR Sidi iy Arnie Rae China....... Presbyterian, U. S. A. 
Leyda, Maude Leona............ v Bible Teachers Trs (N. Y. C.).... China..... United Evangelical 
Livengood, Alice Stratton Peterson Sch. of Domestic Science (Boston), ‘ 
(Mirsiha yelimmett)ic sere etek ste PM Va ery Dae trae ne chen eniste race India es For. Chris. Miss. Soc. 
Long, Austin Oliver stite? DEliram iC! Ca eeet eke cece r China... .. Y. M.C. A. 
Loud Martha: Boas sean keee csmee v Chris. Alliance Trs (Nyack)...... Indigzemcc 
Lyon, Wilbur Harvey Grote City C, v Western T (Pitts- 
TE) eevee trae rake wi crexcicyecaeetohnses eee eee bh Presbyterian, U. S. A. 


Martin, Adam John 
Martin, Nettie L. 








. Presbyterian, U.S. A. 


Adam) Johm)tiach chia cuss creoe ” Moody Sirsa Biuteconn cr eee are S. Amer... Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
SMay, Arthurpbliasee eneeuniine 2 Union irs (Brooklyn)inteansasieve W. Indies.. Congl. Union of Jamaica 
*McClean, Elzora Bertrell Stewart 

(Mrs. Clarence G.)..........0. pi Penn "Crests sites Vokes Mae eine W. Indies.. American Friends 
McClintock, Ethel Luella........ State N (Los Angeles), » Chicago Trs Mexico.... W. F. M.S. Meth. Epis. 
McClung, Etta..... bonideiainnd do tige 2 Maryville C, Moody Trs......... Mexico.... Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
McClure, Mary Louise a OberliniCoves yosemite ea oor China: .....’. American Board 
McConnell, Ralph Ira............ v Grove City C, Western T........ Siameeeee Presbyterian, U. S. A. 
McCracken, Lillian L.........2.. Geneva 'Crei tr teisetechastiae China..... Reformed Presbyterian - 
*McCracken, Mary Bruff......... PriendsiU tna eae eeeek.c is ucctereccete W. Indies.. American Friends 
McDowell, Dr. rue Cae liiie.. v C of Wooster, Western Reserve M Persia..... Presbyterian, U. S. A. 
McDowell, Sarah Evans Wright 

(Mrs. Philip Ge) se eet caeiec » G:ofawoostere. sie nice ae eee Persia..... Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
*McGill, Mary Buchanan......... vy Gettysburg C, Bryn Mawr C Grad. Japan..... Protestant Episcopal 
*McKeen, Henriettaci i ccciiele-1- Gordons Trsuie dec aycelone emacs China:...- Am. Bap. For. Miss. Soc. 
McLaughlin, Ralph Todd........ Colorado C, Monmouth C, » Pitts- : 

: burelsce eater ee Egypt..... United Presbyterian 
McLaughlin, Ellen Jeannette Henry 

(Mrs“Ralphilodd) varias. ser a 9) MonmonthiGuen ince nies ottieies Egypt..... United Presbyterian 
McNeill Josepht), sft), pues ec oe v Haverford C, Princeton T........ Africa..... Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
*Mead, Frederica Rutherford..... Smith C, v Teachers C Grad........ Chinasene Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
Meeker, Roy Thurman........... v U of California, San Francisco T.. India..... Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
*Meigs, eas Helen Hays (Mrs. 

Richardch)) east sae bee »v Methodist Trs (Nashville)........ China..... Wom. Coun. M. E., So. 
Menaldt, Elizabeth Charlotte..... oy Moody virsie cova eee. Alaska.... Moravian 
Miller, Ethel A SAARI ara i et ea v Goucher C, Moody Trs.......... Korea..... W. F. S. Meth. Epis. 
Maller ytta yieiemareree sete aoe ace aie v Goucher C, Moody Trs.......... Japan..... W. F. M.S. Meth. Epis. 
Millar, Helen Cora.............. @ Loronto BibleiGae seats eames Africa..... Sudan Interior 
Mingledorff, Ozie Claud.......... @ Asbury. Cia cai cet tree oa tinete Korea..... Methodist Epis., South 
Mingledorff, Maxie Johnson (Mrs. i ; 

Ozie Claud) insta nesietaeet o Ulof Kentucky ayn eictrse sree Korea..... Methodist Epis., South 
Moore, Rufus Garrison........... ov Milisapsi@) ss i. cece econ ee Chinas. Methodist Epis., South 
Morrill, Ernest Everett........... v Dartmouth C and Grad., Hart- 

ford Tihs Gon cite eens cle ew oetas Nias. oe American Board 
Morrill, Mabel Elizabeth Wilder 

(Mrs. Ernest Everett)......... v Kennedy Trs, Hartford T........ Undine. American Board 

Mortensen, Ralph............... Augsburg C, U of Christiania, v 

Augsburg T, Hartford T Grad... China..... Lutheran Bd. of M. 
Moss, Adelaide Frances.......... Trinity C, »v Kennedy Trs......... apan..... Ch. of Eng. in Canada 
Moulton, Joseph Langdon........ Bates'C, v9 Hartford Pata een doe ndig smo American Board 
Moulton, Florence May Hooper 

(Mrs. bpd Langdon)........ Bates’ C, Kennedy Ireimierect-isie +016 Indiaceiin American Board 
Munns, Mary Elizabeth.......... v Toronto Bible C...... 5 OOO AEE Africa..... Sudan Interior 
Musgrave, Ruth cae ae caer als Trinity U, v Texas Christian U, C of 

: Missions (Indianapolis)......... ALricad sce Chris. Woman's Bd. M. 
Myers, Estella Catherine......... Ashland C, Iowa Meth. H (Des j 
Moines) iris cette aoteertoe erie Africa..... Brethren Church 
Neely, Anna Charlotte........... v Pomona - National Y. W. C. A. : 
LTB ON EY o Calereiictsstistate cis ome. oe China..... ¥Y. W.C.A. 


Nethercott, Joyce Minetta........ v Moody cp POLAR SrtA Re Africa.. 


... Sudan Interior 


SAILED LIST—1918 


NaME INSTITUTIONS FIELD 
INGWIIN ithe cote ean cee same MPenn (Ce is hek ais wee eal tia anette jepen tecatois 
Newlon, Esta Hazel............. gever Uo Moody rs se niocteitee ste salebT sh aheiae 
Nissley, Edith Mae.............. State N (Millersville, Pa.), v Find- 

: LER OHA RE ee ee te An IF OU RN Indian. 5 
Noles Ruth fmily oo)... sees: v Bible Teachers: Lrs.(Ns YaiC:) .. sv IsOreag... 
Nugent, Wilford Harrington...... U of New Brunswick, » Gordon Trs. Africa..... 
Nugent, Cora Orpha Redstone ; 

(Mrs. Wilford Harrington)...... WiSOTGON EL TBE os e!cig ete nese a rae clatete Africanncn 
Owens, James Stanley............ Central State N (Lock Haven, Pa.), 

Tra State Coe Omen teauaeas Inedis waren « 

Owens, Cora May Beers (Mrs. Clearfield H Trng. Sch. (Pa.), 9 

Jamesistaniey) : loa ueenecn.. Moody Drs i.) tae) Sa eeeye eens ei India... .-. 
Palmer, Jewel Irene............. Christian C, v U of Missouri....... Japana.... 
Park Ranra) Mabel; (25 fceiee oe v Taylor U, ‘Chicago Evan. Inst..... S. Amer... 
Parker, Albert George............ Park C, 9 McCormick T........... apan....-; 
Parker, Allen Ellsworth.......... v Ohio State U, Hartford T........ NiGlaveas ey. 
Parker, Irene Glasgow (Mrs. Allen : 

Rilaworth) es leew encsn sete ole v Whittier C, Hartford T.......... India 26 oe. 
*Parker, Edwin Graham.......... 9 Park'C, McCormick Tivs soc occ. Egypt..... 
Parker, Florence Winifred........ v Toronto Bible C, Moody Trs..... Attica ace 
IPhitsch)) DevAlired, Irs... v Wcstece Maryland C, Johns Hop- te 

Soe PE ee, SER ea eh ee ae ry REE 

Phillips, Mary Elizabeth......... » Baptist oy (Chicago), Franklin C Burma.... 
Pickens, Lillian Orinda........... Greenville Co sed aa tatee ave at etntohe Japan sn. ae 
PittetAla hee oo: v Howard Hn Ge C, Scarritt Trs, ; 

Wesley H (Kansas City, Mo.).... China..... 

Porter; Amma Lucle:...... ec. 0: Wis. Cons. of Music, » Chicago Evan. 

Enstan ca tic ea sucnalsre steele f elemtinaiane S. Amer.. 

POrber sy olla OLgeS «ae erect ss o Northfield |S ssttinca sce cite nianaenete's S. Amer... 
Powlas, Maude Olena............ Lenoir C, wv Bible Teachers Trs 

INS 3 CA ies seen o Aiocs state urate ATi di 

Prath, We Lucile te ssiemiavcta ccahla.e « Pacific Bible Inst., Chris. Alliance : 

PETS CNY ACK) at cehercte t.5m sro cere oie Indians 

Randle, Pauline Glass............ PrilaneiUne Scarricouirsse + seneietes Korea..... 
Rankin Henry nies ete aeece 9 Tarlo. Cy xenia (Ries csccttias ae Egypt..... 
Ravabonnie ead sar votes sick Bessie Tift C, Baptist Woman’s Trs 3 

, (Lowisville ary pies cece isis cis Chinayeoee 

Read, Elizabeth Williams........ Maedonaldi Cian aenin tly enytertes AT TICa mama 
ROVNe. Bergen cn es cee een . Lutheran Trs, Union Trs (Brooklyn) Africa..... 
Richardson, Fanny Elizabeth. Pipe Zt Hamline U, Chicago Trs v State N 

(St. Cloud, Mortis) fewer onreua rect Malaysia. . 

Ridgway, Bettie...... Loos set Adie vy Meridian Woman's C..........-. China..... 

Robinson, Leila Adelaide......... Colorado Cons. of Music, »Los | 
: ‘ Angeless:rs ts series sleet siele China..... 

*Robinson, Orrin Warner......... p Pomona: Gatectne py eters Hawaii.... 
Rodgers, Frances VanVechten..... Simmons C, » Kennedy Trs........ Philippines 
*Rodine, Hugo Gustav........... Oskaloosa C, » Northwestern Trs... China..... 
Rogers, Mary Matthews.......... v Northfield S, Mass. General H : 

Sh: (Boston) csc ee te crete ee cherie India eae 

PRose Willams Johniyosta. cet: - «,» v Wesley C, Oxford U............. Europe... 
Ross, William Harry............. Monmouth C, Cooper C, Pitts- : 

Jopbo a4 stad MARRS Ac che th i AN (tite nO Indias. .<. 


Ross, Caroline Edith Weede (Mrs. 





485 


MISSIONARY AGENCY 


Friends of Phila. 
Ceylon and India General 


Church of God 
Methodist Episcopal 
Am. Bap. For. Miss. Soc. 


Am. Bap. For. Miss. Soc. 
Presbyterian, U.S. A. 


Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
For. Chris. Miss. Soc. 
Pentacostal Church 

Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
Presbyterian, U.S. A. 


Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
United Presbyterian 
Sudan Interior 


United Lutheran 
Woman's Baptist F. M. S. 
Free Methodist 


Methodist Epis., South 


. Methodist Episcopal 


United Lutheran 


Chris. and Miss. Alliance 
Methodist Epis., South 
United Presbyterian 


Southern Baptist Con. 
American Board 
Lutheran Brethren 


Methodist Episcopal 
Methodist Epis., South 


China Inland 

Hilo School 
Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
Swedish Evan. Free 
American Board 

Y. M.C. A. 


United Presbyterian 


Witiiarm Platry)eitercires cy sss. 9 Cooper Caaciie aiaeee ac slates taste Indias. United Presbyterian 
*tRundles, Pandora Thomas (Mrs. F 
James Isaiah) ore ieu As so. a SOnchristian Instena eee teers Africa..... ; 
Sandberg, Minnie Vera........... v Kansas U, Baptist Trs (Chicago).. Japan..... Woman’s Baptist F. M.S. 
Sanderson, Abbie Gertrude. ...... v Colby C, Hasseltine Trs......... Chiriace as, Woman's Baptist F. M. S. 
Sargent, Dr. Clara Adelaide...... v Bessie Tift C, U of Michigan M... China..... WiiWie Cat At 
Scheel, William Robert........... Moravian C and T, » Eclectic M... Alaska.... Moravian 
Schlichter, William Alfred........ National Trs, » Los Angeles Trs.... China..... China Inland 
Schlichter, Helen A. Ottens (Mrs. : 
Walliam: Alfred) gaarideaiieacs ss Phila. N for Girls, »v Los Angeles Trs China..... China Inland 
Schneder, Mary Elizabeth........ Hood C, (Frederick, Md.), » Mt. : 
b Holyoke , Peabody Cons. of Music jens ersten s Reformed Ch. in U. S. 
Schorsch, Martha Louise......... Simmons C, v Los Angeles Trs..... hinas: J. : China Inland 
*Seagrave, Grace Russell......... 9 Dension Ute lon cite e Ae Burma.... 
Sears, Lawrence Milton.......... a) DEIN CE LOT at teat ese baie ag Secale China..... Y. M.C. A. 
Shapleigh, Dr. Elizabeth R........ Pw Laylor Ua Boston UM, dastencs Ching’... a. Methodist piecones 
Neon, uty -c) piseuie wie. d hele oi U of Omaha, v U of Nebraska...... ScAmerss)) Yo W.iCeA 
*Shepherd, George William....... BiMOody IxS iaccis te sirtictoa,ssretsiae sys China..... Plymouth Brethren 
*Siler, eh Marion Louise Pierce ‘ 
(Miran CAA aan te cattle v U of Chicago, Rush M........... China..... Y.M.C.A 
Simonsen, ‘Emma Helen.......... POMAWADL he ack t aaiee cs ectate aaa 5 Chinasea. Woman's Baptist F.M 
Singley, Dewees Franklin......... mUrsinvishe, wcentral lace vaeoce as Japan sea. Reformed Ch. in U.S. 
Singley, Ada Schlichter (Mrs. ’ s 
Dewees Franklin)............. UU reinitaey Caremeorerera ciara: cia'e ci stevaie atest Japan..... Reformed Ch. in U. S. 
Small, Helen Elizabeth........... v7 LostAngelest irs it). cdele sale cists China..... China Inland 
brith, Gladyseei. 2. sis wicaine 9 Penny Cheers sect carats W. Indies.. American Friends 
Smith, Ruth Amelia............. Baptist Trs (Chicago), » Moody Trs China..... China Inland 
Smith) RGth Baton... 05.66.5666. BONIOM ates pees cstiaroes ase me apan..... Woman's Baptist F. M. S. 
Smith, Silas Raynor............. » Northwestern U, Garrett Trs..... NdIReie es Methodist Episcopal 


{ Deceased. 


486 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


NAME INSTITUTIONS FIELD MISSIONARY AGENCY 
Smith, Abbie Frances Johnson »State N_ (Bellingham, Wash.), i ’ 

(Mrs. Silas Raynor) iiveweee none Chicago(Evan: Inst..s saeco Indias Methodist Episcopal 
Smith, Wilhelma Zoe............ Dexter Christian C, » U of Itlinois, : 

: C of Missions (Indianapolis) SIS Africas. a. Chris. Woman's Bd. M. 
Snider, Myrtle May......:...... Chris. Alliance Trs (Nyack), » U of : ae 

Galifornia citi tiies tsa picieaiatere india ee. Lee Memorial Mission | 
Soper, Laura DeWitt............ oO Clof Emporiasiics since pales India..... W. F. M.S. Meth. Epis. 
Spencer, Kate Ellen............. 7) Monmouth iC dalns aoe Sbotebty SEE 2 United Presbyterian 
Stokely, Anna May.............. Western C for fee U of Tennes- ; 

see, National Y. W. C. A. Trs 

t Mie CONEY Ce er Cena nett S: Amer.7Y.. Ws CoA: 

Strobridge, Vivian Stuart......... 9 U of California, State N (San Jose) India..... Presbyterian, U. S. A. 
Strunk, Elvira Mary............. State N (E. Stroudsburg, Pa.), 9 b : ; 

Albright..C. 2208 ose tee cee ole China Jy. <5 United Evangelical 
Stukey, Leona Violet............ 9 Colorado Cia k ence eutetaie evs Africa, osc American Board _ 
*Sturman, Rose Hannah......... v Moody Trs, Los Angeles Trs...... Cen. Am... Central Amer. Miss. 
Swallen, Gertrude Elizabeth...... v Northfield S, Western C......... Korea..... Presbyterian, U. S. A. 
Swanson, Frank Herbert......... Nei D.) Agrl.G; ie’ Drake UP Divot ene) | ‘ } 

Chicago! Gradi seein nae Philippines For. Chris. Miss. Soc. 
Swanson, Estella Leona Saunders \ : 

(Mrs. Frank Herbert).......... @ Drake UWaiaie ec outeistel elses inves Philippines For. Chris. Miss. Soc. 
Sweetman, Herbert Ray.......... OUvok Wisconsimalag violas reieietierereisrs China..... ¥. M.C, A ’ 
*Swift, Allan Arthur............. v Chris. Alliance Trs (Nyack) ..... China..... Pentacostal Miss. Union 
Taylor, Anna Mabel) sie) set soet go Syracuse Ue eae esate tee sreleve Mexico.... W. F. M.S. Meth. Epis. 
*Taylor, James Milburn.......... oO Maryville Cini aienmits pretest runs S. Amer... 

Taylor, Mary. Harriet... 2.0.02... v Lenox C, State N (Valley City, . 

ND) eee ar rae China. sis Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
Therolf -Prancest acme sseieens v Cleveland Trs, Huron Road H.... China..... Woman's Baptist F. M. S. 
Thomas, David Hugh............ v Park C, Auburn T............-- China..... Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
Thomas, Meta Marie Oelfke (Mrs. z 

David Hugh)iiiciscniaeenaie oe pi Par le Oe Fei e bea sieve aereve lever ey China..... Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
Thompson, Alfred. OiGecanenue fas Valparaiso C, » Moody Trs........ Africa ios Sudan United Miss. 
Thompson, Flossie M. Gibson (Mrs. : ‘2. 

A Wred aul ae Sa COR ey a ani ® Moody (irstersut oc cmitcieet Rice Africa..... Sudan United Miss. 
Thompson, Elmer Tyler.......... v Colgate U, Hamilton T.......... Japan: ot Am. Bap. For. Miss. Soc. 
‘Thompsonyit; Archer). sua. ceeae oO MoMaster Ui one views state. oe S. Amer... Canadian Bible Soc. 
Thoms, Dr. Mariog: Wells (Mrs. 3 3 

Sharon iy], ) Oa ee yn ee fe 0 U-of Michigan Meier tonic cis cle Arabia.... Reformed Ch. in Amer. 
Thorp, Elma Rosanna........... v Baptist Trs (Chicago)..........- Japan tne Am. Bap. For. Miss. Soc. 
Thorp, Minta Estella............ » Cotner U, C of Missions (Indian- ‘ f 

ANOS) Mis seas ieee Sotetelols Tncdtai vie. Chris. Women’s Bd. M. 
Todd \Harvyi ira sewekvelsnelsterces als v Rutgers C, New Brunswick T.... China..... Reformed Ch. in Amer. 
Toothacker, Frank Morey........ v U of So. California, Drew Eezniass Chinain 2 Methodist Episcopal 
Toothacker, Bessie Emily Hanning i ‘ . : 
(Mrs. Frank MOzey )iecieiucee oae hs v UsotiSo: California se uenihcncletenis China... Methodist Episcopal 
Townsend, William Cameron..... vw Occidental Coie vad tities sae. Con. Am... Central Amer. Miss. 
Taylor, Bera. isiien anes 5 v Kensas Wesleyan U...........-. Malaysia.. Methodist Episcopal 
*Trimble, Dr. Charles Garnet..... v Morningside C, Northwestern U M China..... Methodist. Episcopal 
*Trimble, Edith Evangeline Alford 5 

(Mrs. Charles Garnet) ere se v Northwestern U, Samaritan H.... China..... Methodist Episcopal 
Trotter, Charlotte Symington..... og Chicagoylrse atte wien tee <ciste oteteie Chinawe ie W. F. M.S. Meth. Epis. 
*Underwood, Ethel Mae Van Wag- v Albton C, Post Graduate H 

oner (Mrs. Horace Horton)..... (N. Y. C) BADR yw eran alae Ribnavere kee Korea..... Presbyterian, U. S. A. 
Utter Evelyne ns pte ee Transylvania U, » State N (Los 

Angeles), C of Missions (Indian- } 

Apolisy RUA Namea eae eee ALTICR Ciemte Chea: Woman’s Bd. M. 
Van Allen, Martha Montague..... 9 Vassar OC, Teachers'Ci i.) sees Vidi atest. American Board 
Van Fleet, Edna Marie........... v Chicago Trs, Cincinnati ee, ae ae Korea..... W. F. M.S. Meth. Epis. 
Verry, Hazel Pearl iigvcanscge ok Eureka C, v National YieIWeiGevAs 

Trs (N. bd COS Seedas woeces Japan:.... Wo WI CTA: 
Wagner, Henry Howard.......... 9.Central ‘Holiness Ugi es. einen os Japan..... Pentacostal Church 
Wagner, Gladys Lucile Koger (Mrs. 

Henry Howard) iil) «cece ase » Central Holiness Usiincr as = steer Japaneses Pentacostal Church 

Walker, Jennie Cathryne......... State N (Pittsburg, Kans.), South- , 

western Gian ac anton aratclefersiclete ls China..... W. F. M.S. Met. Epis. 
*Wall, Edna Emily. soc... c > Grinnell C, v Ellsworth C.......... W. Indies.. Presbyterian, U. S. A. 
Walton, Cora May Mil aera ots, shotsiove a Oberlin CWe/.64 es sieieteieial = wiley tells ale China vere. American Board 
Wampler, Ernest Michael iieralaleneriais 9 Bridgewater Coit). s ccc e es China <2 ie. Church of the Brethren 
Wampler, Vida E. Miller (Mrs. 5 

Ernest Michael) .............0. * Bridgewater: Clive wes cre waecle b siatae China..... Church of the Brethren 
*Waterhouse, Dr. Alfred Herbert.. v Princeton U............cseeeeee Hawaii.... 

Watson, Benjamin Pienestanuawe ae Transylvania C, vButler C, C of ‘ , 
Missions (Indianapolis)......... Japan’ ne For. Chris. Miss. Soc. 
Watson, Elise Arnold (Mrs. Benja- Christian C (Mo.), »C of Missions ° : 
min Ernest), Giskeeereneome ce (Indianapolis)iAbheAniebione see: Japan..... For. Chris. Miss. Soc. 
Watts, Annabelle...............- Cincinnati Trs, » Chicago Evan. i . 
Inst); ‘Columbus Nici s4 i tele adele India <4 W. F. M.S. Meth. Epis. 
Watts, Frances Mabel............ St. Catherine’s Col. Inst., »Ch. of j 
Enoglang Traine wn wekies cies eeisiclne China..... Ch. of Eng. in Canada 
Webendorfer, Henry C., Jr.......- o@ LostAngelesiE rs ralcsmttenic’> ve sysiele's S. Amer... Bolivian Indian Miss. 
Webendorfer, Helen Armstrong 

Blackman (Mrs. Henry C.., Jr.).. v Los Angeles Trs..........eeee005 S. Amer... Bolivian Indian Miss. 

Wedman, Samuel G.............. v Moravian!Cland Tiiiiciccciess cine Cen. Am... Moravian 


Weinland, George Fernando...... v Pomona C, Moravian T.........- W. Indies.. Moravian 


SAILED LIST—IQIQ 487 








NAME INSTITUTIONS FIELD MIssIONARY AGENCY 
Weir, lols Barris. cus de cae chs C of Wooster, U of Pittsburgh Grad. { 
: ‘ v Western T (Pittsburgh)........ India..... Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
Weir, Agnes Dewing Scott (Mrs. 
ohn’ Batr) tes te fal shel meteeloy a oe o@ Clot Wooster ysiicy tee ele soielelan India... Presbyterian, U. S. A. 
Wesley, Arthur Frederick......... v Albion C, No. Baptist T (Chicago) 
Garrett: Tracey Ucn ia S. Amer... Methodist Episcopal 
West, Dr. James Hinson......... » McGill U M Gale ote ctaneeentel erate hana ate Tadiayaien Baptist Ch., Canada 
West, Rosalie Agnes Waterman 
(Mrs. James Hinson).......... PUM CGUINU Gite ca tuccst ater seladele a ova/el ets India..... Baptist Ch., Canada 
Westerman, Walter Scott, Jr...... Adrian C, v U of Michigan......... S. Amer... Methodist Episcopal 
Westerman, Frieda Ethel Wuerfel 
(Mrs. Walter Scott, Jr.)........ Grot Michigan Wieaa cpa ie eee S. Amer... Methodist Episcopal 
White, Georgia Pauline......... Winthrop N and Ind. C, Baptist 
Di wotias" s Trs Louisville) LAO AE AD S. Amer... Southern Baptist Con. 
Wilds, Mamie Calvert........... C for Women ( pina S. C.), 9 
Bible Teachers Trs (N. Y. C.).... China..... Presbyterian, U. S. A. 
Williams, Gladys Moon.......... oe Oberlin'C and 7B Wise Sees China..... American Board 
Williams, Minnie: Olga Wiest sc sn Alexander C, v Bible Teachers Trs 
} CNG SC eee es tis Wa eee Tndiawes icc Presbyterian, U. S. A. 
Williamson, Norman Francis...... Mercer U, » So. Baptist T......... Japan. \.. Southern Baptist Con. 
Wilson, Naomi Rae... ./...0000.6 i Tnicana Ne cud pleeaeeine aun Africa... . United Brethren 
Wood, PllavLoletawias le nick neces Morningside C, v Grinnell C....... India..... American Board _ 
Woodbury, Norris Elwin......... v Brown U, Newton T............. Burma.... Am. Bap. For. Miss. Soc. 
Woodbury, Emma Jane Dary (Mrs. : 
INOETigulilwin)irn sie te sins etelce aie Kennedyil rs he ine 4a an ae tain Burma.... Am. Bap. For. Miss. Soc. 
Woods, Frances Belcher.......... Mt. Holyoke C, v Kennedy Trs.... India..... American Board 
*Woodside, Grace Owen.......... Mts Holvyoxe) Cas canine ieee: India: :... Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
Wricht. Ora Ethel seen ce nace v Earlham C, Kennedy Trs........ W. Indies.. American Friends 





SAILED VOLUNTEERS FOR 1919 


In the table abbreviations have been used as follows: C=College; H =Hospital; M =Medical; N =Normal; 
S= yy ps Ran palsk Veet, T =Theological; Trs=Bible, Deaconess and Missionary Training School; U= University; 
v=Volunteered at ; 


NAME INSTITUTIONS FIELD MIssIONARY AGENCY 
Ackison, Winifred Maude........ v Presbyterian Trs (Toronto)....... Japan..... Presbyterian Ch., Canada 
Adolphsen, William Frederick..... Thiel C, vy Evan. Luth. T (Chicago) Agia aed United Lutheran 
Adolphsen, Keturah Grace Gouer ’ ‘ 

Kepple (Mrs. William Predk.) i) Thiel Coie vervecrelsiclers siete niet ale India seis. United Lutheran 
Aeschliman, Edward John........ ¢ Lawrence! Cassese wee a alerts China..... Methodist Episcopal 
Alexander, Dr. Janet............. Due West Female C, » Woman’s M ; | 

(Philadelphia) v...nn veces oes Indians ice Assoc. Ref. Presbyterian 
Allen, Eleanor Julia.............. v Syracuse et National Y. W. C. A. 

RE TStC NY 30 Ca) oeheroiatateta renal shone Japan..... WeWa Gi As 
Allen, s seux ROSS Sl aisiaisi prabeties sieve, <'s v Furman U, Southern Baptist T... S. Amer... Southern Baptist Con. 
Allen Mabel usentccic ccs access a State i U, ty ere ae ie Chinas: W. F. M.S. Meth. Epis. 

ESD ALICE cite cineets siesta ste.s v ayer a ts, Peabo or Teach- 
rage Pina MeNTOR TANG) berate San ci ual th ESTA NS Rena China... .. Wom. Coun. M. E.,; So. 
Alvord, Emory Delmont......... State N (Albion, Ida.), » State C of \ 

Washington lhe ula i aawa auras cs ALTICA eS tal. American Board 
Alvord, Berenice Mapes (Mrs. Oberlin Kind. Trng. Sch., » Oberlin ? \ 

Emory, Delmont) .c. sess s.2 2's SUE EN ED SAVAT ACSSa  (A eV Africa... ... American Board 
Anderson, Helen Dorothy........ poWestminster Cs see eee sites Sndialey Wom. Gen. M. S. U. Presb. 
Anderson, Herman C............. v.Western Union C, Bible Teachers } h ' 

ih i Cr Ya Cres By Ae onGhing. sant United Evangelical 
, Paul M LD Re re sts 'oie te ‘arkio a vC o oria, Pitts- 
Me ae burgh NE iit a alveyeieiteys Africa..... Robert College 
Bacon, Wallace aceies fees at oe Dine Us v C of Missions.......... China..... Chris. Woman's Bd. M. 
B , Bessie anchar ts. i Y , 
“Wallace Reed) AEA ce RELA ORIEN Peon bebe Cc ef eit eras Chinae.:).. Chris. Woman's Bd. M. 
Katherine. aasiscals'o «ls v Wittenber; ible Teachers Trs 
Sa a enchia hes NCS iar MOM tlds My Tadiaiitis\! Wii M.S) United Latheran 
Huntereena. ss State N (W: burg, M U of 
a ee ‘ ae N (Warren eri hiyce: China Mi WEA e TAY His 
Parley, NMOGeSh. sale sieceauie salstacie ete vy Earlham C;) Hartford T..; .:.)..'. xeleune . American Friends 
Maker: Pranic EM Seca ewataatereacts Davidson C, » Union T (Richmond) S. Amer... Presbyterian, South 
Barker, Helen Constance......... vU of Rochester, Kennedy Trs..... Turkey. ... American Board 
Barman, Goldie Elizabeth........ West Plains C (Mo.), vy Los Angeles \ 
CLES Ae etre eiticlasle cole sure Me lsrcreters Africa ¥) 23. Africa Inland | 
Barnard, Mary Elsie............. if Bible varia Gy rH pa Ys ® .) aes India..... Woman’s Baptist F. M. S. 
. Willi OS ere, sete ennsylvania C, v Hamilton ° i 
UNSERE RE genie ate P Piand SANITY Ce aaa sea China... .). Presbyterian, U.S. A. 

‘ Leota Wheeler (Mrs. y i 
wate DNerct stele) s S ... » Mt. Holyoke C, Presbyterian H... China..... Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
Barney, Hazel Edna............. tae Tre} Colby. C. ie Oo China..... China Inland 

wid lelphate ercje.id . State v Kureka of 
preroereniarthe, Jane Minieas PUM Bho sWvielslaiaie ora eis Africa..... ea rh, Bd. M. 


Bates, Ruth Elizabeth........... PSUMNPSON IC Cen eae oh ce os era cilets Indias... W. F. M.S. Meth. Epis. 


488 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 








NAME INSTITUTIONS FIELD 
Batstone, Mary Evangeline....... v Albert C, Ross Memorial H...... China 2.3%. 
Bauer, Grace Louise............. 9 Milton Ua te ee nee rae aes eeu China ls... 
Beach, Joseph Wickliff........... g Vale Bangor ihcnveulnwebinte dele Turkey.. 
Beall, Dr. Jeannette Ellen........ v Baptist Woman's Trs eed ame , 
Kans. City'U of Piand iS) 72313: Ching eae 
Bell, Carl Spurgeon........:..... v Ohio Wesleyan U............... S. Amer... 
Benjamin, Hermon Reber Sterrett. Grand Island C, » Wm. Jewell C, U ; 
Of Chicago iiininacu weston ee sie China..... 
Berg, Carola Amalie. 2... 2)00.5..).. v Moody Trs........ Fole aisettate statis Africa..... 
Berger, William Robert.......... Mich. State N (Ypsilanti), v Bald- 
win- Wallace C, Drew T......... S. Amer... 
Bertch, Louise Pearl............. State Manual Trng. N (Kans.), ‘ 
Kansas\City: US) teem te ae ene China vou. 
Berthold, Lydia Emilie........... care vState N (Bellingham, i 
BRM SPE Shag NA ELMAR Na. c's 
Best, Blanche Dell.............. Liberty Ladies C, v State N (War- 
renspurg,| Moz). Wife eer ecdaal ADAM die els 
Betts, Daniel Lander............ 9 Wofford Gt ane aie Teen S. Amer.. 
Bielski, Alice Irene.............. Dakota Wesleyan U, v Chicago Trs 
Jonas) Hopkinge) Eas ya ae crores JAVA eie'ss 
Birdsall, Nettie M............... oO Huntineton Cecio oe ems oars Africa..... 
Bjelke, John Leander............ Denison Oss R ei eae mee ate ete China..... 
Bjork,Gertrude Mathilda Catherine » Moody Trs..................... China.. 
Black, Mary Helen.............. v Grove City C, Bible Teachers Trs 
(NAY ANC) ER eee oe ee India. ...'. 
Black, Rosina Eleanor........... v Heidelberg U, Kennedy Trs...... JADA. see 
Blair, Martin Stone.............. Baylor U, 9 Southern Baptist T. S. Amer... 
Blair, Cora Hancock (Mrs. Martin Columbia C, v Baptist Woman's 

Stone) aii al oy slits aia alae Tes CGouisville) eee ol ae S. Amer. 
Bia keer Bessie Martin......... 9’ Queen's Ca ee Nu ea ae Japan..... 
Bocker, Leon Morris............+ ®) Usob Kansas icin. vile eee aie China sey 
Bowdler, George Albert.......... U of Minnesota, » Des Moines C, 

Southern/Baptist Ty io, ae S. Amer... 
Boyes, Dr. Henry Robert......... v Moody Trs, Detroit C M........ Syria..... 
Bradfield, Virgil Francis......... Wiheaton Cry ein ue Ore ap Chinas.) 
Bradfield, Ella Elizabeth Coakes 

(Mrs. Virgil Francis) .......... Wheaton Cons. of Music.......... China yi 
Bratcher, Lewis Malen........... v Georgetown C, Southern Bapt. T.. S. Amer... 
Breiner, Lucile Marie............ State N (Emporia, Kans.), v Ottawa 

TU UNECE Sina ERC Co Sune aan ava S. Amer.. 
Bro, Albin Garhi hor lee car stats v Northland C, C of Missions...... China.) 
Bro, Marguerite Harmon (Mrs. U of Omaha, »v Northland C, C of 

Albis Carly. Use os We ae er ame eae li Missions fae a aeern cere China ote: 
Bronson, Bertram Bethuel........ Nazarene U, » U of California Grad., 

San Francisco Pee eae Unie ie Siam...... 
Brothers, 'Miarriel joi bo cP ies ses Stratford N (Ont.), » McMaster U.. India..... 
Buck, Dorothy Vincent........... U of Nebraska, v Hastings C....... W. Indies 
Buck, Percy Gideon............. Woodstock C, » McMaster U and T S. Amer.. 
Buck, Anna D. Schaefer (Mrs. 

Percy Gideon) e's nies elete ele ete Stratford ty (Ginti)s eee ieele acca S. Amer. . 
Buck, Victor Mitchel. ........... oe Cornell UG eet eereniian tea Africa teins 
Bunker, Edward Josiah.......... OU of Pittsburchisese eee ce ele AVA, oe. 
Burkhalter, Noah L.............. Moody Irs) 9’ Bluffton Cie. Hila ethics 
Burr, Leonal Lioyd sles e buy a. os N (Springfield, S. D.), » Dakota 

‘Wesleyan Ui oir sees wentaen tate Chinas sas 
Bushs James Daniele chejeiteianie 2 U of California, Pacific T........ China 43.2. 
Bushey, Clinton Jay............. DO Lavion Oe a roan eye ha eee China..... 
Bushey, Esther Bertha # Moody Trai hye Vaan yf, aane oe China..... 
Buswell, Dr. Calvin Ezra......... v Carroll C, U of ec and M, 
C of P. and S. (Ne VE. Gace aL Chinawe sr. 
Buswell, Adah Katherine Boxell State N (St. Cloud, Minn. yl U of 
(Mrs: Calvin Ezra) 20). o es hee let Bible Teachers Trs 
NSN CO Ree OTe eee China tains 
Caldwell, Dr. David Paul......... Butler ie v Hahnemann M, C of 
Missiong. 0/500 ae nay cae Tibet. eae 
Caldwell, Gertrude Mae Perry Chicago Trs, vy Hahnemann H, C of 

(Mrs. Davids Palys se atinievde Missions Suc eo ielt ey ae Tibet... .s0e 
Campbell, Virginia Garrow....... v Bible Teachers Trs (N. Y. C.).... Egypt..... 
Carnahan, Chester Carroll........ Emporia C, gv Carroll C, McCormick 

SE Aa aes ton claial ater etal stabs ree ehe hepa eke S. Amer 
Carnahan, Aureetta Ida Stephens 

(Mrs. Chester Carroll)......... o\Carroll Culiivas geet tan see S. Amer. 
Chaplin, (Maxwell/.....00 0.00, 00% 2 v Princeton U, UST CPG r er cbsth ipl China..... 
Charles, William Byron.......... v William Jewell C, U of ba ba 

Grad. andy'Eiy, Pan iiudiway ois atek te Philippines 
Clark, Louise Morris............. Presbyterian ELCNG GY CAY lea aes cad Turkey.... 
Clarke, Marguerite Hobson....... Central C and Grad., » Scarritt Trs.. China..... 
Cochran, Dr. Joseph Plumb...... v Williams C, U of Minnesota, C of 

Pefandi So CNY aC eee ac a on Persia..... 
Coie,’ Mary Elders sa ciseasiiek es 2 Tarkio. SH Pee) IS a Egypt.... 
Corley, Douglas Hilary........... vU of Mt. Allison C, Bates C, Har- 

vard Ui Grade Ghia beet Syria..... 


MISSIONARY AGENCY 


Methodist Ch., Canada 
Presbyterian, on S. A. 


. American Board 


Southern Baptist Con. 
Methodist Episcopal 


Am. Bap. For.«Miss. Soc. 
Scandinavian Alliance 


Methodist Episcopal 
United Brethren 
China Inland 

Y. W. C. A. 


. Methodist Episcopal, South 


Methodist Episcopal 

Dom., Rh Mag! and F. M.S. 
U. B. in Christ 

Am. Bap. For. Miss. Soc. 


. Grace Mission of China 


Presbyterian, U. S. A. 
Reformed Ch. in U.S. 
Southern Baptist Con. 


.. Southern Baptist Con. 


Presbyterian, South 
Presbyterian, U.S. A. 


Southern Baptist Con, | 
Presbyterian, U. S. A. 
American Board 


American Board 
Southern Baptist Con. 


. Presbyterian, U.S. A. 


For. Chris. Miss. Soc. 
For. Chris. Miss. Soc. 


Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
Baptist Ch., Canada 


.. Presbyterian Home Miss. Bd. 
. Baptist Ch., Canada 


. Baptist Ch., Canada 


Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
Methodist Episcopal 
Mennonite 


American Board 


Methodist Episcopal, South 
China Inland 


Presbyterian, U. S. A. 


Presbyterian, U. S. A. 
For. Chris. Miss. Soc. 


For. Chris. Miss. Soc. 
United Presbyterian 


... Presbyterian, be S. A. 
... Presbyterian, U. S. A. 


Presbyterian, U, Sas 
Am. Bap. For. Miss. Soc. 
American Board 


Wom: Coun. M. E., So. 
Presbyterian, U. S. A. 


. United Presbyterian 


Syrian Protestant College 


SAILED LIST—IQIQ 





NAME INSTITUTIONS FIELD 

MCTAIP, ANNE Ms 55.8 oss catechins tare Southwestern U, U of Texas, » Scar- 

TAB PLES yc san cuet oN ule reeaaarne wyey aia ee W. Indies.. 
Crawford, Will Clark............ v Pomona C, Columbia U Grad., 

Union, (Na Waris paces trees Malaysia 
Crocker, Thomasiiisss..eseac ee ate U of Minnesota, Macalester C, v Mc 

Cormick Tae We Use nie ast woke S. Amer. 
Crocker, Margaret McLeod (Mrs. 

FEHOMAS) Pcl. eid Mere eal dos ee v Macalester C, Moody Trs........ S. Amer 
Crockett, eae Trenéisc te eakle ue v Presbyterian Trs (Toronto)....... Chinat- 33 
Crouse, Floyd a eisrehale eeGniesraiae te etal 2 Cornell C, Iowa State C......... S. Amer. 
ene’: May eee (Mrs. Floyd 

Leia ye oe askin s da seateials eleva wes Cornell C,'9 Bluffton Cv.) 0.10). 600s S. Amer 
Cuckow, Filmer Stuart........... Pi Beloit! Cowra stele atta eveineie adele hi 
Cunningham, Ja ames Scott........ OG Moody: Lrscaenis icp oe Baie Baits 
Cunningham, William Kenneth.... » Randolph-Macon C 
Currie, Mabel Claire............. Flora Macdonald C, v Assembly’s , 

eErs CRichmMOnG) Coats Hoes ate Chinay/a6 
Dahlby, Albert John............. v Carleton C, U of Minnesota, Bethel 

TDi slate veretiael epalaielrs ater irate o's Assam. 
Dahlby, Edith Evangeline Lindberg 

(Mrs aibert John) ee. ice eeclan U of Texas, v Hamline U.......... Assam 

Daniels, Dr. John Horton........ rH ae Minnesota, C. of P. and S. a 

Siar stmer arp Mesetatbeein wees Inge san 
Darwin, Nora Elizabeth.......... » Scarritt ae U of Michigan...... Mexico 
Davisn riazel cues hast aue eh eek Ind. Central U, » Chicago Evan. Inst. Philippines 
Davis, ulius tossed restate Pe e ASDUITy Cou N ae Walle a vale ealae et apene Africa). .4: 
Davis, Merle Leonard............ v Friends U, Teachers C........... W. Indies.. 
Davis, Carrie Hays (Mrs. Merle 

EOOM OPO a eye cists shia sie mieten s v Friends U. Teachers C........... W. Indies.. 

Davis, Milton Colley............ Marvin C, Central C, » Vanderbilt 

UF Dee muha weet beatae AW owt shells W. Indies.. 
Davis, Rolland Newton.......... Los Angeles Free Meth. S, v Green- 

VAG Ce eG Lm late (ee bientie, belie te Indias, 12 
Deam, Mary Lucena............' De) Pawwi 0, Chicagovh rs -tei4 las\s ie Philippines 
Denham, Thomas Samuel........ v William Jewell C, U of Missouri, , 

Bible Teachers Trs (N. Y. C.).... India..... 
Denham, Emma Pade Mowry Teachers Trng. Sch. (Albany, N. Y.) 

(Mrs. Thomas Samuel)......... Nebraska U, v U of Missouri, Bible 

Teachers Trs NoWG scoeisabe Indianh ah, 
Denholm, Dr. Kenneth Andrew... » Queens U and M................ Ma Ble aers 
Denison, Annie May............. v Hartford Sch. of Rel. Pedagogy. . urkey 
Dennis) Viola Bellew, o.'.- 6 selec: v Heidelberg U., Seater eel oLIANY un to NICIA A vecle 
*Detrick, Lulu Mae Hildebrand ah 

(Mrs. Herbert edie Ce eae a Maa 9 MePherson Creer use oe wise shoes Philippines 
Dewey, Dr.-Albert Warner....... v U of Denver, U of Colorado M... Turkey... 
Dibrell, Edwin Walter........... v Emory and Henry C, U of Texas.. W. Indies.. 
Dicken, EGNOM MAE ssi these eid ecco Cincinnati Trs, 9 Denison U, Ohio U Korea..... 
Dimmitt, Marjorie Alma......... Knox C, v De Pauw Uae Ndiaye 
Doe, Gladys Bamntl yi We) st cea) Rad State N (Bridgewater, Mass.), v Gor- Y 

GON WL TSA Meter ay adi RUE Tndig es ays 
*Donald, Fannie Reid Nugent j 

(Mrs. Charles D. Pail siteeny eidicies gOteens) (Lis tan Ries nat ety oe Tce, on ecu. 
Donnell, Laura Lillian........... State N (Los Angeles)............ China..... 
Donohugh, Emma Edith......... : idetdary aude C;\Teachers. Ci...) ni eg 
Daohttlen Margarets, 6s 5) 5.0.0 6's n Mawr C, Kennedy Trs..... Syria..... 
Douglass, Rhodas Clyde......... of Florida, v Union T (Richmond) hen ‘aeisehe 
Douglass, Elizabeth Cloud tae 

(Mrs. Rhodas Clyde).......... v State N (Fag ayile, Wary una nr ee China..... 
Downs, Harriett Augusta......... Froebel Kind. C, v Moody Trs..... India hs 
Dra ke; Panni@sA cate erte cretes xs aie 0 U of Nebraska, v Bible Teachers Trs 

[Nh PG © ND Am BLaeM One oi FLAS SP . Amer 
Dudley, Raymond Angur......... DV Ale TU Bs Ae i ehteutets Wap aeelslars Shares Indiagte ..23 
Dudley, Katherine Ellen Clark t 
(Mrs. Raymond Angur)........ v Mt. Holyoke ne Kennedy Trs.. India ace 
Duff, William Henderson........ v Baylor U. and ay ” Burma 


Duff, Ada Ingels (Mrs. William v Eureka C, Baptist ‘Woman’s “a 






Henderson) aie (eheLE RT CTR asta wena laces (Louisville) Hany O Wen tad tee IN Burma 
Durgin, Russell Luther........... 2 Dartmouth Cy caieaaios alae s vleireis Japan's. 
Dyer, Vernelle Wallace........... aColby Ce Newton Ties eis Burma 
Dyson, Joseph William........... ae C and Grad., U of Chicago C 

TA etree alee ptclaens soe eaciees Be 
Dyson, Myrtle Elizabeth Sheldon : 

(Mrs. Joseph William)......... v Howard Payne c Mate diate enckausrst eaaiecs Chinas. 2'). 
*Faton, Alma Grace........+..0+ Waynesburg C, 9 Blackburn C..... u apan..... 
Maton rake erry. Da. <fatsbrciataaet clea v Acadia U, Edinburgh 1 Os SE a NIA: wi. 
Ekdahl, George Harry........... v Los Angeles Ki Bn BRO eRe a PAV S. Amer. 
Ekdahl, Gladys Gibson (Mrs. State N (San Francisco), San Fran- 

ASSOTREEIATTY ic ese viens salto sate. cisco Bible C, » Los Angeles Trs.. S. Amer... 
Ellis, Dr. Francis Duffey, Jr. v Wesleyan U, U of Penn. and M... India..... 
Bly Lois Annas son hiss ste . U of So. California, v C of Missions. China..... 
Emmel, Aetna Lizzetta........... 9 Willamette U..........00.5200-- India .7.).2). 
Eustis, Wilma Emily.... 5, 9 U of Minnesota y..\.3 6c scet ans India..... 
Ewing, Mary Eleanor. EVs Se COCKS MAW LISOTT Cn ete clalarssiaicters si9ne India... ... 
PAUSE TLOLON cele ceitiaiwicis's vie%eceisie g Coriell One. aon Arise hopin China..... 


489 


MISSIONARY AGENCY 


Wom. Coun. M. E., So. 


. Methodist Episcopal 
. Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
... Presbyterian, U.S. A. 


Presbyterian Ch., Canada 


. Methodist Episcopal 
Ay, NT bea Episcopal 
Yeo, CoA 


12) Inland-S. rele M. U. 
. Methodist Episcopal South 


Presbyterian, South 


. Am. Bap. For. Miss. Soc. 
. Am. Bap. For. Miss. Soc. 


Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
Wom, air M. E., So. 
W.F. M.S. Meth. Epis. 
Wlaesaiee Episcopal, South 
American Friends 


American Friends 
Methodist Episcopal, South 


Free Methodist 
W.F. M.S. Meth. Epis. 


Am. Bap. For. Miss. Soc. 


Am. Bap. For. Miss. Soc. 
Presbyterian Ch., Canada 


. American Board 


W. F. M. S. Meth. Epis. 


. American Board 

Methodist May oon South 
W. F. M.S. Meth. Epis. 
W. F.M. $ Meth. Epis. 


Woman's Baptist F. M. S. 


Presbyterian Ch., Canada 
Presbyterian, U. S.A. 

W. F. M.S. Meth. Epis. 
Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
Presbyterian, South 


Presbyterian, South 
Presbyterian, U. S. A 


BN AO OnV 


American Board 


American Board 


... Am. Bap. For. Miss. Soc. 
. Am. Bap. aes Miss. Soc. 
YJ M. Ci A 
. Am. Bap. For. Miss. Soc. 
..- Methodist Episcopal, South 


Methodist Episcopal, South 
Presbyterian, U.S. A 


. Baptist Ch., Canada 
... Bolivian Indian 


Bolivian Indian 
Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
Chris. Woman’s Bd. M. 
W. F. M.S. Meth. Epis. 
Presbyterian, U. S. A. 
Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
American Board 


490 


CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 











NAME INSTITUTIONS FIELD MISSIONARY AGENCY 

Fay, Benjamin Guthrie.......... @ Moody *irsict. weenie Late evetniatr'e S. Amer... Inland-S. Amer. M. U. 
Fisher, James Earnest........0.0+- Emory and a aA C, » Bible Teach- 

ers irs (NAVs Ce ee es Korea... .' Methodist ce aeg ey South 
Flaniken, Sarah Alice............ W. Tenn. State N, v U of Tennessee. China..... Presbyterian, U 
Forbes, Erma Alice........ese00¢ 9 Ulof Minnesota lnuenc sun ceecete + China... ...'. YoWuC, A’ 
Forman, Dr. Douglas Newton..... v C of Wooster, U of Penn. M...... India..... Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
Foster, Dr. John Hess............ v McMinnville C, Colby C, U of 

Penni) Mile Canieasod ein mreccen China. sb Yale For. Miss. Soc. 
Fuller, Marjorie Lucile........... No. Ill. State N, » Chicago Trs..... Africa..... W. F. M.S. Meth. Epis. 
Fuller, Mary Elizabeth........... Drake U, Carnegie Library Sch., » C 

of Missions? s/n uae « Mexico.... Chris. Woman's Bd. M. 
Funkhauser, Walter Leon........ 9 Penni State'Coiiiiance seein e China..... Canton Christian College 
Gailey,' Helena Giese Sale celecetle er U of Washington, Seattle Kind. Trng . 

Sch., » Los Angeles Trs.......... China..... Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
Gaudin, Clara Lydia Ogren (Mrs. 9 Greenville C, Women’s C. A. H , 

John Benjamin) .i5 dee cls sista se (Jamestown UN. ty.) cease siete ets Africa..... Free Methodist 
Gebhard, John Gabriel, Jr........ Hope C, v New Brunswick T....... iRelest Gee ee Reformed Ch. in Amer. 
Gibbs, Maurice Allison.....--..-. v Houghton fe CNS ba ecKsear Cea Japan..... Wesleyan Methodist 
Giedt, Emanuel Herman......... v Rochester T, U of Rochester and r 

Grades ils cilam miley mieesiaees China..... Am. Bap. For. Miss. Soc. 
Gilchrist, George Rizzle.......... New Mexico N, v Occidental C, ; 

Moody. ‘Tre ae. cu aimake cieies S. Amer... Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
Gilmore, Erastine Bright......... vR. I. State N, Cincinnati Trs, Ohio [ 

esleyan Ui eee See ei sie sine Mexico.... W. F. M.S. Meth. Epis. 

Glenn, Ora)iMasti seek citer be o Agnes Scott (Cau. teemecucucnwes S. Amer... Presbyterian, South 
Goering, Samuel Jes) ieletele vie « siore 9 Bethel C; Chicago Dek een ewe China..... Mennonite 
Goering, Paulina P. Miller (Mrs. : : 

Samuel Js) PA A teases eaters Freeman C, v Chicago Trs......... China..... Mennonite 
Goldsbury, James Edward.. Jee Boston U, 0 ParvarguUb voces see c Turkey.... American Board 
Grage, Minnie Eliza............. v Moody Trs, Wheaton C......... Africa..... Woman’s Baptist F. M. S. 
Greene, Willie Burnice........... Washington C, vAssembly’s Trs j ; 

(Richmond) ieee herrea Korea..... Presbyterian, South 
Grier, Isabel Barbara............ Due West ree C,vBible Teach- j 
| 6rs Hire Neier Cadlrdceinem eoctcine ina..... Presbyterian, South 
Grove, Nelda Lydia............. State N (Mayville, N. D.), v0 U of 
‘ Nebraska witen cea ction nese Korea..... W. F. M.S. Meth. Epis. 
Hacker, Dr. Frances Louise....... Medico-Chirurgical C (Phila.), 9 x 
! Womens iM (Phila) a. oe ae velstee China..... Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
HagenwOliverirene st dalle vsiaieleise Mich. State N, v U of Michigan.... Japan..... W. F. M.S. Meth. Epis. 
Hager, Blanche Dashiell.......... Howard Payne C and Grad., Central 
: Cie ScarrittTrs oe eae Japan..... Wom. Coun. M. E., So. 
Hall, Lawrence Kingsley......... 0 Baker’, iee ence seein nates Chinas). LY. MiG rae 
Hall, Margaret Emaline Brown 
(Mrs. Lawrence Kingsley)...... es Baker Uses oe sheers China..... Y.M.C. A. 
Halliday, Clifford Moody......... U of Cincinnati, Ohio State U, Bible ; 

: Teachers (Trsi(N.)¥./C.) ieee Syria..... Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
Hamilton, Floyd Eugene......... Cornell U, » Wooster U, Princeton T Korea..... Presbyterian, U. S. A. 
Hamilton, Kenneth.............. Moravian Cand oT..........0e08 en. Am... Moravian 
Hamlin, Paul Mahlan............ 9 Hamilton’ Coie eee medi tee China..... Yale For. Miss. Soc. 
Hammon, Fletcher Horace........ Pittsburgh Bible Inst., » Allegheny C S. Amer... Methodist Episcopal 
Hammond Luciagiii |. site cieicie o' Moody: Trav y sea tee i aior ents Africa..... Presbyterian, U.S. A 
Hanson, Albert Magnus.......... Augsburg Ci BNL Vata cr eisenie ie Madag.... Lutheran Free Church 
*Harlow, Milton Wilberforce...... U of Toronto, U of Albertaand » Grad. India..... Y. M.C.A. 

*Harlow, Jean A. Mathers (Mrs. 

Milton Wilberforce)........... Alberta Ladies: ©. \2020% ieee oc ee India). >... Ya MaCr A. 

Harrod, Anna iMae site cteisleieaiss « Marion N, 9 Wittenberg C......... Indias. ce W. F. M.S. Meth. Epis. 
Haviland, Edna Cynthia......... y Earlham C, Columbia U Grad.... Palestine.. American Friends 
Haynes, Anna Evelyn Wooster 
(Mrs. George Emerson)........ v Syracuse U, U of Chicago Grad... Japan..... Am. Bap. For. Miss. Soc. 
Helland, Melvin Andreas......... Augsburg C and » T, Hartford T, U 
y of Grenoble (France)........ .-.. Madag.... Lutheran Free Church 
Hendrix, Everett John........... v Mo. Valley C, Western T (Pitts- 
Durga) eee tole sraatecte pieteloce India..... Presbyterian, U. S. A. 
Hendrix, Minnie Kate Claggett 

(Mrs. Everett John)........... Blackburn C, v Mo. Valley C...... India..... Presbyterian, U. S. A. 
Henke, Arthur William.......... Charles City C, v Garrett Trs...... Europe.... Methodist Episcopal 
Henry, Robert Timmons......... Millsaps C, » Emory U T.......... China..... Methodist Episcopal, South 
Hick, William Arthur............ v Los nated "LIB. s Wersisiaiste sa eres oe China..... China I ost EP 
Hoffman, William Samuel........ v Greenville Cand T...........4.- Africa..... Free Methodist 
Hoffman, Mildred Lucile Cady : 

(Mrs. William Samuel)......... 9 GreenvilleiCi es. cicsicislsieleisiais selec Africas.’ 2. Free Methodist 
Hogan, Emily Eleanor Beach (Mrs. 

Milo} As Vi)ie cee ie vaca 2 @ Alma Cw Auburn ls waits nei oe China..... dey a is weeks 
Holcombe, Clinton Steele......... v U of Nebraska...........cceeees Egypt..... 

Holland, Ruth Gertrude.......... » Middlebury) Caines acts tee vec Ceylon.... Rrcedteae Boel 
Holt, Henry Daniel sys, aan dosha Poly. Inst., Yale U, Teach- i 

rs, Ci ciate te ae Ne ns coda ina..... Protestant Episcopal 
*Hopkins, Helen Terry........... Boeeen U, 9 Mt. Holyoke C........ China..... ; 
Horning, Dr. Daniel L............ McPherson C, » Hahnemann M. China..... Church of the Brethren 
Horning, Martha Aloreta Daggett McPherson C. oll. Trng. Sch. for 

GMrs@ Daniell.) seiecccetiae Nurses, Bethany Trs............ China..... Church of the Brethren 
*Houlding, Ernest William....... ov Mt. Hermon §S, Oberlin C and T.. China..... American Board 
Houlding, Florence Wina Bicker- 

staff (Mrs. Ernest William)..... @ Oberlin (C siccadalsslee ees ei ossliaiats China..... American Board 


SAILED LIST—IQIQ 491 








NAME INSTITUTIONS FIELD MIssIONARY AGENCY 
Hult? Ralph; Daniels. 2s.ee8 ee Augustana C, Chicago eat 2s 
v Augustana T, Kennedy Trs.... Africa..... oes pee 
Huntimlaud Ednacia: cscs sete wiWwheaton Core. sh er arte China..... W.F S. Meth. Epis. 
Hunter, Maude Emily Bull (Mrs. 

sJamencAlbert) tect cise aise isiasicta BW Ot Tin o1s sieve erste ete teetcra aha aievate! ste China..... American Board 
Hurd: Sylvia Bellies. 252 sae.n nals v Friends U, Chicago Trs.......... India...... Presbyterian, U. S. A. 
Illick, Dr, Charles Raymond...... Taylor U, vU of Michigan M, De- 

troit; Ciof iM asi ey tates Ge areal Mexico.... Methodist Episcopal 
Innerst, Jacob Stuart............ v Lebanon Valley C, Bonebrake T, 
4 LUpat (oy od DUP Meare t eT pit (id AA China..... United Brethren 
Innerst, Marion Ethel Reachard 

(Mrs. Jacob Stuart)........... *e.BonebrakeiDussue sone vite aidcitor China..... United Brethren 
Jackson, John Edward........... v Furman U, Southern Baptist T... China..... Southern Baptist Con. 
Manze, "Aaron Asset yacicatele otecacd Rochester T, v Moody Trs......... Africa yess. Congo Inland 
Jenkins, Charles Somes.. HU CSOLGONs UTS st ciel) citi seave ctor sree erates Africa..... Pentacostal Church 
Jenkins, Pearl May Kent | (Mrs. 

Charles|Somes) te oaseeees das v Gordon Trs, Beco City, Hie. Atricas.. 5. Pentacostal Church 
Jessup, Elizabeth Palmer......... Adelphi C;9 Smith Cis. ws. 2... 88 Syriate ness Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
aes Marthanjuditicrcsacccccee.s v Stanford 'U, LEM IE & A.Trs (N.Y.C.) China..... VW. A 

ohnson, Hanna Maria........... v Moody PA TO AL OR Unclia eece Swedish Alliance 
Jones, De Etta Walker (Mrs. 

CharlesiWade) ac Se ik cbake 9 Dei Pauw Unit eee oudtescciess suc wel Malaysia.. pee ee 
Jones, Dr. Laura Elizabeth...... « @sSyracuse Uland’ Mish 2/2005 5-5.. China... .. W. F. M. S. Meth. Epis. 
Jones, Olive Evelyn............ eso Syracuse) Uil, wuianw eae dackiec save India: Woman's Baptist F. M. S. 
Wordan Or, Carl Kred euch aie niec v State U of Iowa, Johns Hopkins M China..... Southern Baptist Con. 
Judson, Dr. Herbert Alfred....... C of Wooster, v Park C, U of Michi- 

de srema? Mie Li China..... Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
Judson, Miriam Ruth McCandliss I 
(Mrs. Herbert Alfred).......... v C of Wooster, Morningside C..... Chinaze. a Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
ury, Gordon Sinclair............ v McMaster U and T, Yale U...... Burma.... Am. Bap. For. Miss. Soc. 
uffman, Alvin Horst, Jr........ Olivet Uric cis paluiel ee cael che ine sree havens Vridliae te Pentacostal Church 
Kemp, Alice Bowdoin............ GINA En Oates mien a weal otek k Europe.... American Board 
Kennard, Ralph Brandreth....... v Mass. Inst. Tech., Columbia U, 
Weacherd: Cusmwues ono eo ers Chinasee ee Am. Bap. For. Miss. Soc. 
Kennedy, Anna Rowley.......... v Presbyterian Trs (Phila.).. Syria eee. Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
Kensinger, William Gage......... Girard C, Drexel Inst., v Moody Trs Africa.. . Congo Inland 
Kensinger, Edna Moser (Mrs. Wil- 

idm Gage) acne eared OMIM OOGYE TTS ledetes pele letkoniale terete Alrica ssc Congo Inland 
Kilburn, Elizabeth Hockley....... Drexel Inst., » Kennedy Trs....... Japan... W. F. M.S. Meth. Epis. 
Kingsbury, Ruth Beardslee’ (Mrs. 

Hohnuioward) secs sires es Mt. Holyoke C, » Kennedy Trs.... Turkey.... American Board 
Kintner, Elizabeth..............% Manchester C, v Bethany Trs...... India. .... Church of the Brethren 
Koeppe, Edwin W............... Hope C, v Western T (Holland, ) 

Michs) Geir cane ne sens China..... Reformed Ch. in Amer. 
PR MCNIONLCLA | enisieci te aieiche clea carers Northwestern Trs, vy Moody Trs.... China..... China Inland 
acy sont Veere sci. cindie'siaceis eievale v Ohio Wesleyan U, Garrett Trs.... Korea..... Methodist Episcopal 
LaMott, Willis Church........... v Occidental C, San Francisco T.... Japan..... Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
LaMott, Nell Adelia Miller (Mrs. 

Willis G@harch) eee eee. v Occidental C, State N (Los Angeles) gener Ssrspare er ret U.S.A. 
Dane, Orthal Mayne son laeciale s/cd 6) Cornell Ce aecnione cose cele Ching vance W. F. M.S. Meth. Epis. 
Lange, Eleanor Anna Maria...... Milwaukee N, »U of Wisconsin, 

Kennedys irs: eens ase ie ees India... W. M. S United Lutheran 
Larsen, Jens Peter Mauritz....... » Union Trs eat T of Ev. ) 

Luth. Church in U.S............ Africa..... United Lutheran 
Larson, Charles Homer.......... Moody sl irs\Vieerae te aintteeeh kee S. Amer... Bolivian Indian 
Larson, Ella Mae Coover (Mrs. Mich, State N (Ypsilanti), » Moody oe ; 

(hiarless Homer) eateries sicis'g/nis pea) £5 aii e hinl atelai ciatele bets olan: « alsie\ole\ isla S. Amer... Bolivian Indian 
Larson, Ivan Victor.............. v er pi BADtIStY Deine sieraliters! ep teiase Chinaycnic Southern Baptist Con. 
Larson, Edith Theresa Drotts (Mrs. F 

Tvan Victor) eodieeisio ta tiewisse cs. v Baptist Woman’s Trs ee China..... Southern Baptist Con. 
Lawney, Dr. Josephine Carrier.... Denver U, Woman’s M (Phila.).... China..... Woman’s Baptist F. M. S. 
Leach, Henry Philip Dutson...... Drake jai U of Chicago T, vC of z 

IMFIGSIGNS retecehs staat tel eer pe eleenelal S. Amer... Chris. Woman’s Bd. M. 
Leach, Hilma Me anet Lind (Mrs. Drake U, U of Chicago T, »C of ; 

Henry Philip Dutson).......... Missions elute Sains ok Metts S. Amer... Chris. Woman’s Bd. M, 
Lehmann, Metta Verena......... MB lt tom Gen airs erteiarte ee ctni China. 

Lewis, Emma Tanner (Mrs. Leroy 

Cheater) cvty tthe dns a ous 0) O/LavloriUWetyenyen mete caites 6 sls\ate ears India..... Methodist Episco a 
Lichtwardt, Dr Hartmann Augustus » Berea C, Detroit C of M......... Persiasce cic Presbyterian, U. 

Lied, Inez Aaa eOh teas ao), cae N (Moorhead, Minn.), » Teach- 
A re etnies i oocicle calc aieials Turkey.... American Board 
Lorbeer, Vera Helen............. v Lomo C, Kennedy Trs, Pacific : ‘ 
Sch. of Religion Walle aa bleva mccletare Mexico.... American Board 
Lorimer, Kate Graham Cowan | i 
(MrsnJohn'C:) ae sane een ciesic SiMnekinenm © aeletais cecaiaers ce lee Egynpt..... United Presbyterian 
Loucks eetla Meta cits celesiele cie-e 0 Sree N Woceonta: N. Y.), » Moody j 
Bor as SP OOUTOUBDOOOnEuE A EILE India..... Ceylon and India Genl. 
Ludgate, Abbie Mabel........... v Wheto CR ete eels a a televelee as deel Aor W. F. M.S. Meth. Epis. 
SY Tin PB daiaie sj aiesole\cisio Gaels ees Clarendon C, » Southern Methodist d 
TR eietietere ia 6)s sie) sig aisielalalaqels ote ATTICA vasie.¢ Methodist Episcopal, South 
Machum, Sybil Grace............ Provincial N (Fredericton), » Gordon ‘ 
LER aie ciiclalseiclelcieiosine ts aoiee India wees Baptist Ch., Canada 


Mackenzie, Elizabeth Sarah...... © Queens Uses ns ce cicicns aedtleels Africa..... Can. Cong. Woman’s Bd. M. 


492 


NAME INSTITUTIONS FIELD 
Mackenzie, Virginia Margaret..... 9» Reed Cas Venkata yb Ne dacs 
Maddock, Sayre Paul............ ey i ine C, v Wesleyan U........ . Amer 
Madsen, Anna Kirstine Bog...... 2» Mood ts ade d adress dee a araralS China 'y.:: 33 
Manchester, Ruth Coe......--... 9 cote awr C and Grad., Kennedy e 
ve bbe ® bela bansteld iat eee een ndia..... 
Marion; Albert; His oe ee ies v rene WU Drew "Te. uae dee ate Europe 
Marauiss, Frank Clifford......... v York C, M of Virginidsicu ye wees India..... 
Martin, Dr. John Gregory........ v Muskingum C, Western Reserve M India..... 
Masales, Ethel Arizona........... v Kalamazoo ce Moody Trs 
‘Wheaton Cuivre cases meee Tndia.\. 4). 
Mason, Annie May............0. 9 Toronto. Bible |G. 20) nodes eee. S. Amer. 
Massman, Augusta. 2o.our soo: 2 2 Toronto les .-d actress cence aeeree S. Amer.. 
Matheson, Florence L............ Prince of Wales C, Calgary N (Alta), ‘ 
9 Gordon VEPrs si) tee ie ciate we nidia. <.2é 
Matson, Esther Marie........... oe North; PatkiGe\iie aos renseters China... .. 


Maxwell, Dr. Joseph Sprague..... 


McCandliss, Dr. William Kerr.... C of Wooster, v Park C, U of Michi- 


‘ PENS EP PD ENE RTE NST) Va ay heh Ha ae 
McCandliss, Maybelle Taylor (Mrs. 
illiamy) Kerry viii ipaetele cals le es Ds Parke! Cy shaniviga a sjaialaidies s aaievere alatatels MCDADE apa e's 
McCaw, Clayton Clair... 6.0...) v Drake U, William and Vashti C, ” 
Eureka C, C of Missions........ Philippines 
McCaw, Anna Mildred Phillips » Drake U, William and Vashti C, ey 

(Mrs. Clayton Clair). ...5 0.505. Eureka C, C of Missions........ Philippines 
McClure; Bloyd Avy ieee ey Otterbein C, v Ohio State U....... ing 2.64 
McCulloch, Gertrude Florence.... v Kalamazoo Ci of) Chicaco! Ta China a, 
McCutchen, Martha Luella....... State N (Kearney, Neb.), 2 Taylor U China..... 
McDonald, Ethel Blanche Gale f y 

(Mrs. Frank Rudd) .360..3 006. v U of Missouri, Columbia U Grad.. China..... 
McFarland, May Evelyn......... 9 Westminster!| Guetta Pea Egypt..... 
McGill, Florence Bertha Warren ‘ 

(Mee vAndrew)t canis wii emniate Boston Lying-in-H, » Gordon Trs... Africa..... 
McGilliard, Virginia Dare........ 9 Miami Ui: 52h iii: Ste se raid atl Africa..... 
McIlwaine, William Andrew...... v Mt. Hermon §, Davidson C, Union 

‘Ti QRichmond) He Stns lee pa Japan. es 
McLean, Grace Brewer Smith Colorado C, National Y. W. C. A. 

(Mreu'Eester Jr ee eae Tre GN o Co) ees cialsie aban eta utes SARE: 

McQuinn) Gueiphiiik nit vase ue. U Se So. " California, 2 Los Angeles ie 
AUREL Meme ae any eI et Bias] n. Am 
McWilliams, Samuel Snyder...... Drake U,0C of Missions.......... S. Amer 


McWilliams, Alice Sheplee (Mrs. 
Samuel Snyder) 


Drake U pate Grad., » C of Missions S. Amer.. 
Metzger, Mary Myrtle........... 


v Otterbein U, Bible Teachers Trs 


ee ae? 


CNM Cua SHOR ta ace ni Philippines 
Meyer, Dr. Frederick Willer...... Vale Ucand Min yen ee Philippines 
Miller, Alfred Hoyt.............. v Presbyterian C (S. C.), Columbia 

TCS Ce eel aaaete suis sien Laie ate amare Africa. vue 
Miller, Bernice Beth............. v Occidental C, Butler C, C of Mis- 

sions’ os yea Le eee ata ese S. Amer 
Miller, Charles Samuel........... o Manitoba Ciieciekbatcuaeticeees W. Indies 
Miller, Emily Eleanor............ Phila.N; #1 Ujof Penny, (eee ose. Chirag ens 
Miller, Frances Iva J.00 b2/402i)41-10i 2 Hillsdale C, Chris. Alliance Trs |. 

; (Nyack) ciiris-t) caw es areas ete China, ye- 
Miller, Hazel’ Meanie ta ears ete ¥ Defiance ‘Gisele ee ehicca e aictets S. Amer 
Miller, Valley Virginia........... 9 Bridgewater Cun sai chien acral Chinay cis 

“Miller, William McElwee......... Washington and ee Mt Ang, pel ; 
Princeton T.... Persia 
Monroe, Charles Henry.......... v Ohio Wesleyan Ui ce cee Indias srs 
Monroe, Laura Mildred Jordan ; 

(Mrs. Charles Henry) Re ee 9 Ohio Wesleyan U........:....-- India.h ac 
Monson Bh mudtiniie cas canes ue vst. OlafiC, Luther ive sic eee Madag 
Moon, Lewis Calvin............. v Wilmington C, Hartford T....... Africa..... 
Moon, Ruth Anna Cowgill (Mrs. i 

Lewis Calvin) Oe eicen, sun ina) g Wilmington Cron Jews sie arertatale Africa..... 
Moore, Emily Ruth............. v Cleveland Bible C, State N (Ypsi- 

ambi) ee Oe a kek blobs a ceieme rice China}: sce 
Moore, Robert Cecil............. 9 ier aaa C, Southwestern Baptist 
Syhiata Bo, Bas bo Me Wp cuckatttebeR Ne ate oe stores S. Amer 
Moore, Walter Harvey........... ae Ky. State N, v Ky. Wesley- 
an C, Emory.(Un,d os sale tenet usiets S. Amer 
Moorman, Robert Henry......... 9 William Tewell C, Southern Baptist s 
SING WtOTl! ds s.sc abalone « India ryc8s 
Morrow, Ada Blanche............ D Bible Teachers Trs (N. Y. C.).... Egypt ¥ ee 
Murray, Florence M............. Greenville C, Northwestern U...... China: ;... 
Muse, EltioiOla ao.) cise cto -'s Kingswood C, v Olivet U.......... India..... 
Myers, Minor Morton........... v Bridgewater C, Vanderbilt U T and 
Gran ie a, is tial Meee ecas sicive it ome Chinas... 
Myers, Sara Chrystine Zigler (Mrs. pe Sap! C, Vanderbilt U,»Pea- 

Mizior, Morton)iee Hie auie ian cee body C for Teachareey iiss sues China..... 

Neal, Carl be ay MRR paptionecaient (errs Marion N, v Earlham C........... India de cic 


N elson, Hazel 


McCurdy (Mrs. 
Thomas Lothi ian) ‘de as 


v Muskingum C, U of Pittsburgh M Egypt..... 


State N (San J: ose), 9 U of California S. Amer... 


CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


MISSIONARY AGENCY 
Presbyterian, U.S. A. 


. Methodist Episcopal ~ 


Danish Mission Society 
M. S. Meth. Epis. 


alae Methodist Episcopal 


Am. Bap. For. Miss. Soc. 
United Presbyterian 


Woman's Baptist F. M. S. 


. Inland-S. Amer. M. U 


Baptist Ch., Canada 
Swedish Evan. Miss. Cov. 
United Presbyterian 
Presbyterian, U. S. A. 
Presbyterian, U. S. A. 
For. Chris. Miss. Soc. 
For. Chris. Miss. Soc. 
Canton Christian College 


Woman's Be tist F. M. S. 
W. F. M.S. Meth. Epis. 


Methodist Episcopal 
Wom. Genl. M.S. United 
Presbyterian 


South Africa General 
Presbyterian, U.S. A 


Presbyterian, South 
Y.W,. CA: 


.. Central Amer. Miss. 
. Chris. Woman's Bd. M. 


. Chris. Woman's Bd. M. 


United Brethren 
Am. Bap. For. Miss. Soc. 


Presbyterian, South 


sen Wet GatAs 
. Presbyterian Ch., Canada 


Woman's Baptist F. M. S. 
Chris. and Miss. Alliance 


. Methodist Episcopal 


Church of the Brethren - 


. Presbyterian, U.S. A. 


Methodist Episcopal 
Methodist Episcopal 


. Norwegian Lutheran 


American Friends 


American Friends i 


Friends-Ohio Yearly Meeting 
. Southern Baptist Con. 
. Methodist Episcopal, South 


Am. Bap. For. Miss. Soc. 
United Presbyterian 
Free Methodist 
Pentatostal Church 


Church of the Brethren 


Church of the Brethren 
American Friends 


Presbyterian, U.S. A. 


SAILED LIST—IQIQ 


NAME 
Nelson, William E............... 


Asbury C 
Nelson, Julia Blair (Mrs. William 
LON) ay 1 Oa de A ae Plage ae PARDUTY CMe OS rele UNS aca 
Norment, Arabella Marvin (Mrs. Betlany, C, vC of Missions (Indian- 
Malcolm Lynn) essa teenies apolis) 
Odgers, Doris Bessie Slater (Mrs. 


INSTITUTIONS 


a 


Axe0TREAS) os Uoit aie aa ae ee oO Ulot Nebraska’. .), 6s)0 bi: Sueeleisia Indiay) ss. 
Oechsli, Dr. Waldo Raymond..... Baker U,vU of Kansas M........ China..... 
Oldridge, Mary) Bellew: xy. sere oe v U of Kansas, Cincinnati Trs...... Japan ssh 
Oliver, Edwin Martin............ Washburn C, 9 Baker U........... . Amer 
Ottison, Joseph Selmer........... N. Dak. Agri. C, v Moody Trs, Bible 

Teachers Trs (N. Y b' gic OF eu tt Radel nia ese 
Otto, Dr. Anna Marie............ v Syracuse U, Woman's M (Phila) sindia’s Mei 
Page, Ernest Frederick........... 9 Doronton Bible: Concise iapae et erates. China..... 
Parker, Douglas Leonard......... Friends U, Harveford C, Hartford T Mexico.. 
Parker, Rebecca Jane Ross (Mrs. 

Douglas Leonard)............. 9 Wilmimeton Gli jsiuse usteues s use tle Mexico 
Parker, Joseph Irving............ BriendsiUren tn cure saci RUokeralg China ie 
Parker, Gladys Worley (Mrs. » Ohio Wesleyan U, Pestalozzi Froe- 

JOSEPH Virvingeitee Cees cise see's sivele CIRM caredigte te) o 0 Sd areas er LP et China’).!.\./: 


Parmenter, Ona Maud........... aeicennan H, v Chicago Evan. Inst. Africa 
Pederson, Dr. Nellie Cecilia Elaine Lutheran N (Madison Minn.), 

Minnesota C, v U of Minnesota M Hoty ashore 
Perkins, Dr. William Harvey..... 


PJeferson: Miia aaa Siam seh 
Perry, Thomas Charles........... v Cotner U, Phillips U, C of Missions W. Neadica 
Perry, Mabel Laura Avis (Mrs. 


Ahomas Charles) te )as Sie ae elas v Cotner U, C of Missions......... W. Indies 
Phillips, Clarence Arthur......... v Carroll C, McCormick T......... S. Amer 
Phillips, Maude Edith een ete Wis. Sch. of Music, v Presbyterian 

Clarence Arthur). . SUNS) CRICK GO) talitla oles shernccashals yeiaies S. Amer. 
Phraner, Stanley Lansing. . DP Princeton Uys Mratelaie leis eke tosishereiecors China..... 
Phraner, Dorothy Fiske Rand (Mrs. 

Stanley Lansing) 32 oe ds OMintolyoke Cynon ede Weenie vo) CLIN sc ci, 
Pittman, Annie May............. v Cazenovia S, Chicago Trs, Oberlin ; 

Kap oT rng betas sists ielste INA; sles 
Pollock, James Alexander......... William and Vashti C, » Monmouth 

CyPittsbracay i wots siaiieseiale pucks Egypt..... 
Potter, James Henry........ ‘aneee » Union Catarthoraul pihiwetionie ss india is. 
POWel icy iis lek nits ate eb ales Drexel Inst., New Haven N of Gym- 4 

Ny TIASERCS VET AN Te es alee | Pa Tle ae India. 

Powell, Newman Minnich........ #'Onhio WU, Garrett Trees ices ties lsieo S. Amer. 
Powell, Ruth Wilson (Mrs. New- 

ManeMannicn) are ewe kyle e ei POBIONU RR Ea eiasil eat eee eee S. Amer. 

Powlas, Annie Pauline........... Lenoir wa v Bible Teachers Trs 
(N. Y. C.), Columbia U Grad.... Japan..... 
ProctorsOrvia Anne 2185 si ieieis's « State N (Springfield, Mo.), Park C tate nines 
Puffer; Piovd Arthurs..cass ce. ss Seattle Pacific C, U of Washington.. India..... 
Putnam, James Leslie............ DP Wenisoni UW eleaiichas tens nen inese te awaii 
Quay, James WMarimcrrieeteicaiss ¢ < Monmouth C, v pr ag! a Yateyerbstacs Egypt..... 
ReIDO Pay IoISIO ss chiste.<iciais fs, 'eve:s Teachers’ Trng. (Springfield, 
; TY or Moody Trs yay bce eicleeiis .) Egypt... .'. 
Ramsaur, William Hoke.......... v as North Carolina, Philadelphia 4 
SAR ea aap aC ED IC Peal ERR ya VS TICA hs, 3 
FRATICOMIN RUE a Riees sie tiga sith bese 848 Oberlin Kind. Trng. Sch., v Cincin- 

. mate Drs ius seach caaslatessiere aia oe S. Amer 
Reichel, Paul Arnett............. PObio StaverUi saves ele els alate tis Signe oie 
Reichel, Katherine Lucile McLellan 5 

(Mrs Patil Ariens) © ctoccisicis «oc 9. Obio: State: Uiel. state ale caneistet nae Siam 
Reifsnyder, Thomas Bancroft..... v Lafayette C, Princeton T........ Mexico 
Reimann i Priedarackc kisi. dacs 4s v Baldwin-Wallace C, Chicago Trs.. rae sate ae 
Replogies SATs Geese jenclass «sc Juniata C, v Bethany (tes see Pi aaractai shh Ln Gas dar) oe 
Reumann, Otte Guero aioe sss Syracuse U, Union Ti(NG YS Cojo. aes: Redon) 
Reumann, Martha Lydia Bourne ‘ 

CMiras OttorGe) acres Gerais Gas v Syracuse U, Teachers C.......... China..... 
Richards, Russell Alger.......... Mina ty C, » U of Michigan, Oberlin . 

DAR Aas AN Nei LE TEAL urope.... 
Richey, Elizabeth Helen.......... Carnegie Inst. of Tech., Ohio State U China..... 
Rietveld’ Harriett. acres. okie aes Iowa State C, Central U of Iowa... China..... 
Rigs, Theodore Dalzel Athenaeus.. 7 Mt. Hermon S, Colorado C, U of 

BEVEL ates totereieiaiale istcheaferoieie’s Turkey.. 
Riggs, Winifred Emma Clark (Mrs. 

Thesdore Dalzel Athenaeus).... v U of Colorado.................. Turkey.... 

Ritchey, George Edgar........... U of Nebraska, State N (Kearney, i 

Neb.), » Iowa State C........... hina..... 
Rockwell, Lillie May............. DASOUCHER Creates covieletere a ela amaeiaiete India..... 
Rogers, Ralph Hebard........... SL NMI HB Aah eS Syria soe 
Rorke) Loelia Mary li)) 50's 0.5 2 'e of Albert C, U of Toronto, Ont. C of Art Taped Stats teks 
ROAD ME THEW AY OF sis clniacie v's! els v Baptist Trs (Phila.), Lesley ; 

(Cambridge VM Nie Sebastes cise BAIA abies 
DROStHO GP ATU s cestais! tra cis ale sails «6.0 OMOGAY Dire ieetecrescis slacets nt oretiens alo India ty.".'.'s 
Rowe, Dorothy... .......eee0e0s tv Goucheni@e iii his cst seiniele's)¢ ot6.4 China..... 
Rudin, Harry Rudolph........... w Vale US hiveaecsse tees usrteaseie China..... 


493 


MISSIONARY AGENCY 


Methodist Episcopal 
Methodist Episcopal 


. Chris. Woman’s Bd. M. 


Methodist Episcopal 
Methodist Episcopal 
W.F. M.S. Meth. Epis. 


ai Methodist Episcopal 


Scandinavian Alliance 
Women’s Chris. Med. C., 
Ludhi 


f iana 
Tibetan Mission 


.. American Friends 


. American Friends 


Methodist Episcopal 


BS ty Episcopal 
W. F. M.S. Meth. Epis. 


Norwegian Lutheran 
Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
Chris. Woman's Bd. M. 


.. Chris. Woman’s Bd. M. 
... Presbyterian, U.S. A. 


. Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
Y. M.C. A. 


Ni Mis Calas 
W. F. M.S. Meth. Epis. 


United Presbyterian 
Reformed Ch. in Amer. 


.. Women’s Union Missy. Soc. 
. Methodist Episcopal 


... Methodist Episcopal 


W. M.S. United Lutheran 
W. F. M.S. Meth. Epis. 
Free Methodist 

MIChs 
United ea oe 
United Presbyterian 


Protestant Episcopal 


... W.F. M.S. Meth. Epis. 


Presbyterian, U.S. A. 


. Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
ae Seer a U.S.A. 


W.F. M.S. Meth. Epis. 
Sac of the Brethren 
American Board 


American Board 
eit Sess 


W.F. M.S. Meth. Epis. 
YW Cus 


. American Board 


American Board 


For. eae Miss. Soc. 

W. F. M.S. Meth. Epis. 
Syrian Protestant College 
Wom. S. Meth. Ch., Canada 


Woman's Baptist F. M. S, 
Seog and India Genl. 

W. F. M.S. Meth. Epis. 
Yale For. Miss. Soc. 


494 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


NAME INSTITUTIONS FIELD MISSIONARY AGENCY 

Rugh, Meade Augustus.......... State N (Slippery Rock, Pa.), » Wit- 

tenberg Cland Lanna ae eee se S. Amer... United Lutheran 
Rugh, Ethel Beatrice Shir: (Mrs. 

Meade Augustus) . Seeteete’ 9 Wittenberg Cis..)...:. ayeveie eine siete tate S. Amer... United Visa he 

Ruppel, Leona Elizabeth......... Iowa State C, U of Chicago........ India..... W. F. M.S. Meth. Epis. 
Rusby, Helen Bryant............ 9 Mea Union: Cae oa eRe ieee S. Amer... Methodist Episcopal 
Dalzer, HIOTENCE sie eleisatlslelelelelel¢ els U of Minnesota, v Wellesley C..... India... .. W. F. M.S. Meth. Epis. 
Sargent, Cecelia Vennard......... vBryn Mawr Cpa eae tle Mexico.... Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
Savage, Ruth Coleman........... Mt (Holyoke Ce 2c iy eivaias tie cle China..... Wom. Union Miss. Soc. 
Schaedel, Charles Theodore....... Renssalaer Poly. Inst., Agrl. and ; : 

Mech! 'C, (Texas) i) iseasices te ere Africa. isi) Methodist Episcopal, South 
Schleman, Clara Elizabeth........ v Baldwin-Wallace C.........0+.-. China..... Methodist Episcopal 


Schmalzried, Dr. Elmer William... v North Western C, Cof P.andS. ( 
CNS LEC) ee tees tatanyn piotery China..... Evangelical Association 
Schmalzried, Lena Mae Schroeder 


(Mrs. Elmer Willian) Pen ee i iy 9 North: Western 'Caurisciees seis: China ae Evangelical Association 
Scott, Fannie Virginia............ Lauder C, v Scarritt Trs........... S. Amer... Wom. Coun. M. E., So. 
Scudder, Dr. Galen Fisher... . 1... v Princeton U, Cornell M.......... india er Reformed Ch. in Amer. 
Scudder, Ruth Lawsing.......... v Wellesley C, Teachers C Grad..... India..... Reformed Ch. in Amer. 
Seelye, Kate Ethel Chambers (Mrs. § 

Laurens Hickok). . Sua e eye v Bryn Mawr C, U of eee Syridia tack Syrian Protestant College 
Seesholtz, Anna Groh............ C for Women, Western Reserve ; 

v Y. W.C. A. Trs (N.Y.C.).. ” China S sianate YW. CHA? 
Seigle, Albert) Giri. cies cocci cle lee v Los Angeles Trs, San Francisco T. Siam...... Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
Shaver, Isaac) Leroy-sie Naess > Rutherford C, v Trinity C......... ct Delolare Methodist Episcopal, South 
Shepard, Dr. Lorrin Andrews..... Yale, U Columbia U\M))...503.37. urkey.... American Board 
Shepard, Virginia Moffat (Mrs. x 

Lorrin Andrews) 32) fo 0c cise es eve v Wellesley C, Teachers C Grad.. Turkey.... American Board 

Shields, William Earle........... v Hedding C, Northwestern U, Gar- . “ 

nett Dis cyan tives cieistsloraie sieeve ie Africa..... Methodist Episcopal 
Shires) (Wilbur Stuart ye Sey Ren IAL CAI Shy ie aren Brahe te Nati isteve Chinaaae Y.M.C.A. 
Sickel, Clarence LeRoy.......... Los Angeles Trs, v LaVerne C...... S. Amer... Brethren Church 
Sickel, Lois Loree Cutright (Mrs. 

Clarence LeRoy) /..5.cs).0c5005 oLos, Arigeles! rss ci iiara wie cated ine S. Amer... Brethren Church 

Smith, Alvin Woodrow........... v Geneva C, Reformed Presbyterian 

FTC APA ERA SLU SA 7 CR rE ANI S Cyprus.... Reformed Presbyterian 
Smith, Arthur Deatrick.......... v Franklin and Marshall C, T of the 

f RefjChvin the! UsIS.Wea eee ee ele een ceeysle Reformed Ch. in U. S. 

Smithy Linda (Cys y wasialvi ate see State N (Worcester).............- urma.... Woman’s Baptist F. M.S. 
Smith, Maud Russell............ Renfrew Col. Inst., Ottawa N, ov t 

Presbyterian Trs (Toronto)...... UNGIBS » e'e sis Presbyterian Ch., Canada 
Snell, Sara Emerson............. wWellesley)'C octal’: Waidat severed nebatatal Turkey.... American Board 
Sollenberger, Ofiver/Clarkcy tii: Manchester C, » Bethany Trs...... China..>.. Church of the Brethren 
Sollenberger, Hazel Coppock (Mrs. 

Oliver:Claric Real Waiae fans) ie o Bethany rs yori ennsieineie sje miats China..... Church of the Brethren 
Sperry PRuth) MMe aT g State. U (of Towa oc. sunieide stops pistes Chingy. eo. Woman's Bane F. M.S. 
Sprunger, Eva F..........0.00.0. Sawyer Sanatorium, v Cincinnati Trs China..... W. F. M. S. Meth. Epis. 
Stacy, Martha Rundlett.......... v Gordon Trs, Newton T, State N 

(Lowell yee oleae Sule eielere ete Japan..... F. M. B. of Chris. Ch. 
Staley, Georgia Arista............ gos Angeles T reve yoke wert scale ers ers Africa..... Presbyterian, U. S. A. 
Steiner, Robert Lisle............. U of Pittsburgh, vC of Wooster, ‘| 

AlleghenvivTeheublelse sin set etelelals Persia..... Presbyterian, U. S. A. 
Stevens, Dr. John Egbert......... v Occidental C, Stanford U M...... India..... Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
Stevenson, Merle Quest.......... v Park C, McCormick T.......... China..... Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
Stevenson, Hortense Beatrice Sals- 

bury (Mrs. Merle Quest)....... 9 Parke Cunoyye te Ree hylan ate ete Chinasease Presbyterian, U.S. A 
Stevenson, Robert Emory........ Ky. Wesleyan C, » Vanderbilt U T.. Mexico.... Methodist Pies South 
Stewart, Reba Cloud............. » Randolph-Macon Woman’s C..... China..... Southern Baptist Con. 
Stone, Robert SDENCEL ese seie cial o University C,) Knox Tio) oo2000 0. China..... Rockefeller Foundation 
Stoy, Ellen Louise.....---------- U of Louisville, 9 Chicago Trs, 

North Western U............. _... Europe.... W. FP. M.S. Meth. Epis. 
Strickler, Herbert Johnson........ Kansas City U, »C of Emporia, 4 : 

Princeton Tia). he css etc ceinas India’). Ges Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
Strickler, Martha Theressa Stewart : A 

(Mrs. Herbert Johnson)........ oO Clot mporias.chisuincey staan India: ..44 Presbyterian, U. S. A. 

StLONHEArriebs cone stelelsialenieisie tie Kendall C, » Carroll C, Bible Teach- ; 

ers Trs (N CYS Co) ee eater 8 China..... Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
Strong, Sarah Lucretia........... Bible Teachers Trs (N. Y. C.), : \ 

Swarthmore’ Cj) chee ca cuiee ae Siam...... Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
Stuart, Harland Francis.......... v Worcester Poly. Inst............. Philippines Am. Bap. For. Miss. Soc. 
Stuart, Marion Guendolen Reed 

(Mrs. Harland Francis)........ vy Smith C, Kennedy Trs.......... Rerine Am. Bap. For. Miss. Soc. 
Stump, Levi Albert.............. v McPherson C and Grad.......... China..... Church of the Brethren 
Sutherland, Catherine Elinor...... o Western'Ci2 paislnsiieiieieeres!cre te China... Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
Sutton, Walter Degges........... v Johns Hopkins U, Rochester T.... Burma.... Am. Bap. For. Miss. esc 
Swanson, Ruth Pauline........: v oe Mallikiniy Uaiadeics wsieritte Philippines Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
Swart, Winfield Quentint jrosenic as @ Union (oo 8, Conversion es aleipieeie India f(a. American Board 
*Swartz, Lillian Belle Gleason (Mrs. ‘ , t 

Philip Allen) (tie eae nee, o Cornell Cr te teat valet acts China..... China Medical Board 
Sydenstricker, John Marion....... » Hampden-Sidney C, Union T é 

(Richmond) eerinince siete see st S. Amer... Presbyterian, South 


Taber, Caroline Emma........... v Adelphi _C, Bible Teachers Trs . 
(Ne MEIC dae ae a yaeuae China..... Presbyterian, U. 8. A. 


SAILED LIST—IQ19 


495 








NAME INSTITUTIONS FIELD 
Taylor, George Washington, Jr.... Presbyterian C (S. C.), Union T 
(Richmond) saat cotalea sacle Amer. 
Taylor, Mae Villa Parmelee (Mrs. 

FUITAIM INE) estan dosnt ole ooMiach A pris. Car auc Veto: wavaee Africa.... 
Tebben, Alfred Harrison......... ME TIendS: Ula eeeh tae tenet ole oye) eee India.... 
Tebben, Alta Susan Wilbur (Mrs. 

Alfred Harrison) aicc ccna. Priends Uitte en oom ne tee a ere rae Indias. 
Teeuwissen, Walter.............. Moody Trs, y McCormick T....... FRUSSIN GIy 
Thomas, DriiHarold eee Acadia U, Boston U, » Harvard M.. China.... 
rehompeom Celia Onieic iene cde. St. Olaf C, v lowa State Teachers C, 

Wot Minnesota ct atacie satacuie ce Madag.... 
Thuline, Winifred Nathan........ v Evansville S, Seattle, Pacific C... India .... 
Tibbetts, Manly Day............ glows tate Cres ae ate eae Turkey 
Treman, Muriel Elizabeth Webb 

PMrss RobertiGaig trees as sire Vi Lawrence Girma sisne ale elelete ctote China.... 
Tuck, Ernest Everett............ vU of Denver, Boston U T........ India.... 
Twinem, Paul DeWitt........... C of Wooster, U of Princeton Grad. 

andl. og) Hartiord dyautenes tances China... . 
Ullom’, Lalu Pearl; eta ete cies close ote v McPherson C, Oberlin T......... China.... 
Van Arsdale, Hester Anne........ v Vassar C, Columbia U Grad...... Mexico... 
VanDyck, David Bevier.......... Raters C, vPrinceton T and U Ore 
Wins alae Om (eal laa ile rie ina.... 
VanEaton, John Plumer.......... v Colorado C, Princeton T......... S. Amer... 
VanEaton, Marjorie L. Thacher 

(MrsiifohnePlumer) acne cc les Colorado C, » C of Missions....... S. Amer, 

Veenstra) Johannaa.C sinensis oo Union Trs, v Calvin C, Bellevue 

Maternity a te olahete ara Gubler have sata Africa.... 
*Vernon, William Roy........... SPASOTAONY LTS eet em ais cieietateicioieiel ete tle Africa... 
Voth, WihelnnOun Wo Leen 9 BetheliCGewei a tactile «-ualeiieisaleieeniele Chinas). 
Voth, Matilda M. Kliewer (Mrs. 

Wilhelm C. meMTeletsts leetatatelere nevavens Bethel C, v U of Oklahoma........ China.... 
Walker, John Archibald.......... Toronto U, » SVactorial@ aentercists cals China.... 
Wannop, Dr. George Graham..... v Albert G U of Manitoba M...... China.... 
Ward, arth’ Clarissa co die acc v U of Redlands, Hasseltine Trs.... Japan.... 
Warner, Rab Hav ireinia weitere s o/s lace U of Idaho, Chicago Evan. Inst., 

Cincinnati Ts (iinaibetae aan uees S. Amer... 
Wayland, John Edwin........... v Washington and Lee U, Union T 

(Richmond) eae. aes LAINE oer Chinas... 
Wells, Goldie-Ruth.............. Ore. Agrl. C, » Eugene Bible U, U of ] 

: Oregon, C of Missions.......... Africa.... 
White, Florence Lillian........... 9 Grove City,C une aerate ices ace » Egypt.... 
White, Dr. Hugh Dickson........ Nebraska Wesleyan U, v Polytechnic J 

C (Ft. Worth), Vanderbilt U M.. Mexico.... 
Whitelaw, Jessie Derby Greer..... v Presbyterian Trs (Toronto)...... Korea.... 
Williams, Dr. Thomas Henry..... U of Manitoba andyM........... China.... 
Williamson, Fannie Lee cCall » Bessie Tift C, Baptist: Woman’s 

CMrsiiNorman .By) ce ciaiaieeeercie's « Trs (Louisville)....... _ Sega Japan.... 
\Williford, Bessie. ). sc. cs.ci- o's ol Shurtleff C, U of Illinois, Moody Trs _ 

Sadie Grade ek eee Chinas... 
Wilson, Esther Willis............ Sch. of Industrial Art, Barker H.... Egypt.... 
Wilson ep OMISt yi iar coe cisco os Kansas State U, v Princeton T and U i 
Grad see ar Ba Ue enteral ell va anata Persia.... 
Wilson, Lena May.............-. Findlay C, 0 Wooster C........... S. Amer... 
Wilson, 1 ELST O5).9. oe Ee ee v Maryville C, Peabody C for Teach- 
ers, Bible Teachers Trs (NGG Syria ce: 
Wolfe, Arthur Whiting........... v Park C, McCormick T, Western T , 
‘ (Pittsburgh) de ean b a oak ae eek Mexico.... 
Woodruff, Frances Electa......... 0 are Trng. Sch. (Albany, i: 
PT aka eee Bree ey 9 Get Hae matric 
Woolworth, William Sage, Jr...... New York U, v Union T (N.Y.C.).. Turkey 
Wright, Charlotte PATE uBtAS t.: sl. Teachers’ Trng. Sch. (Albany, N. ¥.) 
wiGordon) Trsinetcisisyasiectaislelerci= Assam.... 
Wo TIOPACE ere ete cioisis.s.c:0.¢ Bridgewater C, v Princeton T...... India.... 
Wright; John Veectieats series ss v Park C, San Francisco T, Western : 
Seb : (Pittsburgh) wh he Soe ee ae China.... 
Wysham, William Norris......... Baltimore City C, 9 peter ence (os I 
; Princeton U Grad. and T........ Persia 
Zetty, Elizabeth Constantine..... v College for Women (Allentown, 
Pat) Kennedy Trs sissies cel see Japan.... 
Zug, Lester Bonebrake........... Penn. State C, Lebanon Valley C, i 
e Bonebrake! Dubus vnewJdices se. Africa.... 


Zug, Irma Marie Rhoads (Mrs. 
Lester Bonebrake)............. Lebanon Valley C, Bonebrake T.... 


MIssIONARY AGENCY 


. Presbyterian, South 


Methodist Episcopal 
Y.M.C.A. 


Y. M.C. A. 
Y.M.C. A. 
Am. Bap. For. Miss. Soc. 


Norwegian Lutheran 
Free Methodist 


. American Board 


Methodist Episcopal 
Methodist Episcopal 


Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
Church of the Brethren 


. Protestant Episcopal 


Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
Presbtyerian, U.S. A. 


. Presbyterian, U.S. A. 


Sudan United 


.. South Africa General 


Mennonite 

Mennonite 

Methodist Ch., Canada 
Presbyterian Ch., Canada 
Woman's Baptist F. M. S. 
W. F. M.S. Meth. Epis. 
Presbyterian, South 


Chris. Woman’s Bd. M. 
United Presbyterian 


Methodist Episcopal, South 
Presbyterian Ch., Canada 
Methodist Ch., Canada 
Southern Baptist Con. 


Woman's Baptist F. M. S. 
United Presbyterian 


Presbyterian, U. S. A. 
Presbyterian, U. S. A. 


Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
W.F. M.S. Meth. Epis. 


. American Board 


Woman's Baptist F. M. S. 
Presbyterian, U.S. A. 


Presbyterian, U.S. A. 


... Presbyterian, U.S. A. 


Reformed Ch. in U, S. 
United Brethren 


. United Brethren 


SALLE D VOLUNTEERS! HOR 1920 


In the table abbreviations have been used as follows: C=College; H =Hospital; M =Medical; N =Normal; 


S=Secondary School; T=Theological; Trs=Bible, Deaconess and Missionary Training School; U =University: 
v =Volunteered at. 


*Volunteers sailed before 1920; names reported here for the first time. 


NAME INSTITUTIONS FIELD MISSIONARY AGENCY 
Abbey, Vere Walford............ OG Laylon Us aadan dite pec sic e igen. ed Methodist Episcopal 
Adair, William James..:......... Cooper’ C;' 9 Xenia Te yew eae Egypt..... United Presbyterian 
Adams, Effie Louise.............. State N (Framingham, Mass.), 45M 
# Baptist Dre!(Philas)! ieee ce eacdiay eo Women’s Baptist F. M. S. 
Alexander, Mary Charlotte....... v Baylor U, U of Texas Grad., Bap- 
tist Woman's Trs (Louisville) Sees China...) Southern Baptis3 Con. 
Allen, James Henry.............. v Chris. Alliance Trs Uyeck. Pres- 
byterian T of Ky. Grad., U of 
Lowisvalle-Grad ) sina S. Amer... Inland C. Amer. Miss. Union 
Allison, Walter Leslie............ State N(Indiana,Pa.),» McCormickT India..... Presbyterian, U. S. A. 
Allison, Gertrude Grace Fleck (Mrs. 
Walter Preslie) crerisle steiclerealeeale State N (Indiana, Pa.):.........%. India s3 Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
Alumbaugh, Goldie Pearl......... Mt. San Rafael H, vC of Missions q ‘ ‘ 
; : d (Indianapolis) Wolo ueaee eblaitle Africa..... United Chris. Miss. Soc. 
Amis, MinnaRerdauweis ies i's 0 dies v Texas Presbyterian C, Assembly's 
i Tra (Richmond) ses sev vane tates China..... Presbyterian, South 
Anderson, Dr. Alice ene Beatles ee v University C, U of Toronto M.... India..... Women’s Chris. Med. College 
Anderson, Gertrude Roberts...... v Wellesley C, Kennedy Trs. ANN Gato 6 Wa Sloe oe Woman’s Baptist F. M. S. 
Anderson, Margaret Lillian....... v Northfield a Ohio Wesleyan epi Malaysia.. Methodist Episcopal 
Anderson, Minnie Susan.......... Atlanta Sch. of Oratory, » Baptist J 
: Woman's Trs (Louisville)........ ATSIC Ne ols Southern Baptist Con. 
Anderson, Selma Sophia.......... vU of Nebraska and Grad., Bible : 
Teachers Trs (N.Y. C.)......... Indiniives: United Lutheran 
Anderson, Vernon Andy.......... Ala. Presbyterian C, v Presbyterian 
Tok Key es eg a ee ee ee at: Africa..... Presbyterian, South — 
Andrews, Mary Edith............ v Oberlin ie Eyre bain ical de Wane African Uij92 American Board 
*Arey, Allie’ Maelo ie ua, v Statesville Female C and Grad., 
Bible Teachers Trs (N. Y. C.).... W. Indies.. Presbyterian, South 
Arnold, Merle Victor............. ov Ulof Nebraska eran Use ih com oases a save PY Ms Crag 
Atterbury, Marguerite.)))))yeun nek v Wellesley C, Columbia U Grad... China..... Peking University 
Aylard, Gertrude DeLila......... Baldwin-Wallace C, Greenville C... Japan..... Free Methodist 
Ayres, PA MIMAariel ll chennai Mn Maina © Eelmizal Ge eee Aaa Sr eit ai S. Amer... hye Woman's Chris. Tem. 
nion 
Bagby, Alice Anna.) oh bycein ls. v Baylor C, Southwestern Baptist T S. Amer... Southern Baptist Con. 
Bailey, Pacific Belle. .........)- v Mt. Holyoke C, Columbia U Grad W. Indies.. American Miss. Assn. 
Barnes, Samuel Grady........... v Cleveland Trs, Christian Alliance 


i Trs (Nyack), U of No. Carolina.. S. Amer... Chris. and Miss. Alliance 
Barnes, Vera Frederick (Mrs. 


samuel Grady) iii ew nan f 9 Cleveland) Trs Gays 6 obese ole 6 S. Amer... Chris. and Miss. Alliance 
*Barnhouse, Donald Grey........ v Los Angeles Tre Princeton "Doig ne. a bered Belgian Gospel 
Bars, Lulu Mabel in ui oii U of Saskatchewan, v Methodist Trs 
} (Loronto) aa de celica seed teens Apa yeni. Wom. S. Meth. Ch., Canada 
Bates, Miner Searle.............. Hiram C, » St. John’s C (Oxford)... China..... United Chris. Miss. Soc. 
Bausum, Robert Lord............ Richmond C, » Crozer T.......... China..... Southern Baptist Con. 
Beale, Hannah Holmes........... oMoody: Tressenge ste eee India ois! Wom. Genl. M. S. United 
f Presbyterian 
Beatties Kathrynn.. tesssnlec iets cloe 9 Tarkig Ona taurine s 8 aisle tere India see Wom. Genl. M. S. United 
Presbyterian ) 
Beatty, wnutl) Cac ae eet onsen v Westminster C, Columbia H (Wil- Pie 
Kinsburg, \Pas)ss acd ot sisie amok aie Egypt..... Wom. Genl. M. S. United 
Set bee 
Becker, Gertrude Anna........... v Dakota Wesleyan U............. India s)e.'3). W.F. M.S. Meth. Epis, 
Beers, Susan Esther............. P Moody Ars pmol dee miata Wels tae Japan.. : Hephzibah Faith Miss. Assn. 
Bennetey inn Gyan nee), Iowa State Teachers C, Iowa State ; 
\ C, State U of Iowa, vy Boston U... Mexico.... W. FP. M.S. Meth. Epis. 
Benz, Gertrude Elisabeth......... Mechanics Inst., v Presbyterian Trs j ! 
uh) (Chicago): s2 58: 5 list te sie mvowee aeons Persia..... Methodist Episcopal 
Berry, Dr. William Clark......... v Marietta C, Western Reserve U M Africa..... Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
Berry, Priscilla G. McClintock 
(Mrs. William Clark).......... e'Cleveland ‘City Et. 2.) cule tee Africa..... Methodist Episcopal 
Bertsche,ChrisiA Wun sien e Moody; Trev Cas Africa..... Congo Inland 
Blair, Mette Karoline..........., v Bishop Clarkson Memorial H.. dadiay Ss /-h United Lutheran 
Blakney, Raymond Bernard...... Mass. Inst.of Technology, vBostonUT China..... Fukien Christian Univ. 
Blickenstaff, LelRoy ean ick Mt. Morris C, vBethany Trs, { 
Columbia C of Expression....... India..... Church of the Brethren 
Blickenstaff, Verna.............. Bethany Trs, vIll. Trng. Sch. for 
Nirrses 3h 2 a On se wie Sm A India. J... Sta of ee Brethren 
Bloomfield, Clara Ruby.......... @ Tarkio (ya ce cede tie rah eis Egypt..... Wom. Genl. M. S. United 
an Presbyterian 
Blume, William Wirt............ Polytechnic C (Ft. Worth), Cumber- . i 
land U, v Texas Christian U..... China..... Methodist Episcopal, South 
Blydenburgh, Dr. George Theron.. » Wesleyan Uy Cornell Miva ss hte Chinas tse Methodist Episcopal 
Bobb, Paul Frederick. ........... p Rice Inst 4A cele aes cesta es sree Turkey.... American Board 
Boss, Marion Hortense........... Syracuse U, vy Gordon Trs......... China..'... Woman's Baptist F. M. S. 
Bowden, Jal ar Cue Se ere ae eke v So. Methodist U.......+......-. S. Amer... Methodist Episcopal, South 
Bower, Leon McKinley... 11.1... Albion (Gio Denicon Unite an wiew asst Hawaii.... Mills School 
Bowman, John Wick............. CofWooster,PrincetonUGrad.andyT India..... Presbyterian, U.S. A. 


496 


SAILED LIST—1920 497 








NAME INSTITUTIONS FIELD MISSIONARY AGENCY 
Bridgman, Harold Thomas....... v The Citadel, Presbyterian C of S.C. 

‘ . Union T (Richmond) Pa Ceiate China) Jc: Presbyterian, South 
Brinkley, Sarah Gibson........... Ga. N and Ind. C, » Scarritt Trs... China..... Methodist E iscopal, South 
Brows edna! Dis ob eet a niece aces v Ohio Wesleyan U..........+000- S. Amer... fay F. M.S. Meth. Epis. 
Brown, Florence Amelia.......... w Northwestern, Usain etic China..... Ye Wi 
Brown yNetties savanna bes fee Bethany Trs, » North elo C India: .... Church of the Brethren 
Brown, Olive Isabel............. v Bible Teachers Trs (NYE C2) endian a ns Wom. Genl. M. S. United 

Presbyterian 
Broyles, Edna Belle............. v MOY oi Trs, Bible Teachers Trs 
ishall Sane shoes CEP Claris LFS hale India..... Wom. Genl. M. S. United 
Presbyterian 
Brumbaugh, Anna Belle.......... @ Junista Cur ieee iia sieelektees India toi Church of the Brethren 
Bruner, Glen Willard........ Mire op OOOO ATL Crslal reine alah: talatel evnio eid Japan..... Methodist Episcopal 
Bruner, Edith Lucile Williams 

(Mrs. Glen Willard)........... Colo. Agtl: Coa whites aicvelnts mieisihse Japan..... Methodist Episcopal 

Brunner, Genevra Margaret...... Metropolitan Sch. of Music, v Frank- 

lin C, Bible Teachers Trs (N.Y.C.) India..... Woman’s Baptist F. M. S. 
Bryan, Huldah Muller........... o Ciot) Wooster ay ae iyasineeiierelas Japaniuwe: Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
Bryan, Dr. Nelson Augustus...... v Cumberland U, Vanderbilt U M.. China..... Southern Baptist Con. 
Buchanan, Thomas.............. 9 Manitoba Cand. Ty. vue seein cial Windia Wi. Presbyterian Ch., Canada 
Bucher, Guy Absalom............ PIMOOGW NETS wits eid eevee wits sie atalens S. Amer... Chris. and Miss. Alliance 
Bucher, Irene May Haller (Mrs. 

GaviAbealomy sii edn sae sale ® Mood yr Ersne selelciale tire abelalalatatarer S. Amer... Chris. and Miss. Alliance 

1S Satelite Dr. Edwin Wheeler, »v Washington and Lee U, M of 

Lite scte viet ctetes dit els sisus aoe oats e ele Virginia ys) 08 oe Weis Geeie ass 0) China...2.. Presbyterian, South 
Rocke Mary Marguerite......... 2 Ohio, Wesleyan Us cs ccs. Indiaytiias. W. F. M.S. Meth. Epis. 
Burnett, Eleanor Louise.......... DULOf Wisconsin s | Vielciiersiets tee ¢ arts Japan..... bites gh Board 
Burris, Chttan Sauk s seal Otterbein C, vy Bonebrake T........ China..... United Brethren 
Burris, Vesta Czatt (Mrs. Clinton 

Edo) titre iuiiuiacriess Ohio U, Otterbein U, v Bonebrake T China..... United Brethren 

Callahan, Jean Alice............. U of Arkansas, Meridian C, v Scarritt 

PLT leery creiteva ict sid tate Ah ete Blane oye Japan..... Methodist Episcopal, South 
Campbell) Mary. fast. se eceess State N (Bellingham, Wash.), »v U of 

Washington, C of Missions (In- 

dianapolis) Px thie acs te ete walle Indias... United Chris. Miss. Soc. 
Carlson, Carl Theodore........... v Los Angeles Trs. Chris. Alliance Trs S. Amer... Chris. and Miss. Alliance 
Carlson, Edla Cardula........... DIM GOGYAT TS Vie heehee Cael aero China... 6. Swedish Evan. Miss. Cov. 
Carlton, Fanny Sheldon.......... v Hiram C, C of Missions (Indiana- i 

POMS) UR REN ere ioe stare eeere W. Indies.. eared Chris. Miss. Soc. 

Carlyle, Elizabeth Margaret...... v Pacific U, Spokane Deaconess H.. China..... W.F. M.S. Meth. Epis. 
Carter Alice: teeter au aint oe le 9 Utok Titinow ee Seek aocent ae China... .. Presbyterian, U.S.A. 
*Carter| Hula Lees.  cicinislns oss + Scarritt: Trs, 9 U of Texas). 300.5 W. Indies.. Methodist Episcopal, South 
Catlin, Harwood Baldwin........ Harvard U, N. H. C. of A. and M. 

Arts, 9 Hartford T;\'Union T 

CNY MCI RU a ie SU Rn Africa ane American Board } 
Caviness, Leon Leslie............ U of Michigan, U of Nebraska Grad .......... Seventh-Day Adventist 
Caviness, Agnes Elvira Lewis (Mrs. 

Leow Deeley iy ad SG sas 2 Union, Ci/a\Pacthie| Union Gein) iia lar ale aa e's Ushers Sea pee Adventist 
Chadwick, Freda Permelia........ #7 Ohio Wesleyan Ui ie deiieuuse a E. Indies.. W. F. M.S. Meth. Epis. 
Chamberlin, Alice Ethel v Chicago Trs, Moody Trs......... India?....% India Christian 
*Chandler, Mary Letitia v Epworth Evan. Inst., Greenville C China..... Free Methodist 
Cheney, Norma Lillian........... v Methodist Trs (Toronto)........ China..... Wom. S. Meth. Ch., Canada 
Christenson, Fred Gerhard....... vi Ut of California cae jaca acudwaciee i .. Am, Bap. For. Miss. Soc. 
Clark, Anna Rebecca............ Oiridiana i wy Nyy. iano. ie etree . Woman's Baptist F, M.S 
Clark, Dr. James Mortimer....... 7 Queens Uj and Mes ui taersiciseine alee Methodist Ch., Canada 
Clark, Vera Greig Allen (Mrs. } 

eames MMOREIMIET) Swedes Leeks) 5, ss)s DRIUCCTES Ola ns Cake ee tea ets Methodist Ch., Canada 
lark, Jessie Eldora............ ‘Mich. State N (Ypsilanti), vU of i 

Michigarrtis. cits wie testicle misses ett W. F. M.S. Meth. Epis. 
Clark, Rosamond Heermans...... v Wells C, Columbia U Grad....... Friends of Phila. 
Clifton, RivAldineiyaarialrscls is;e/s%s!« Southwestern State N (Okla.), » 

Baylor U, Kansas City Baptist T S. Amer... Sea Baptist Con. 
Conn, Cora Eiberthai.../........ v State N (St. Cloud, Minn.)...... Malaysia.. W. F. M.S. Meth. Epis. 
Cooke, Dr. Alma Locke.......... v U of California and M........... Chinas... psbA en Board 
Coomber, Constance Harriett..... giloronto Bible Gein vee eke aisles S. Amer... San Pedro } 
Cossum, Wilford Wells........... v Denison U, U of Chicago Grad.... China..... Am. Bap. For. Miss. Soc. 
Cossum, Anne McCune Doster i 

(Mrs. Wilford Wells).......... v Denison U, U of Chicago......... China..... Am. Bap. For. Miss. Soc. 
Cotta,| Manrica Dine ea batt ciciere's MAE Tingle nce ck Wu tteueniots China. .:.. Canton Christian College 
Covell, James Howard........... U of Rochester, Hartford Sch. of Rel. 

Pedagogy, » Brown U........... Japanis. ss Am. Bap. For. Miss. Soc. 
Cowan, Celia Mabel. ............ State N (Lewiston, Ida.), vU of 

MLPA eres oo coe ts feu vere i ten veer etch China..... W.F. M.S. Meth. Epis. 
Cowden, Ernest Careswell........ Moody Trs, y McCormick T....... Africa’... \ Presbyterian, U.S.A. 
Cowden, Lily Aileen Kemp Mrs. K 

Ernest Careswell) 2:<.4 ss 5s:0.5,6.2:6 PIMOOG VILLA etcetera ta sates aires aot Africa! 7: Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
Craig, Ivy Elizabeth..........5.. U of Kansas, v Moody Trs......... Africa..... American Board 
COPATISLOR ELBE ahs 5 hiss b's die seca since, ® Dartmouth C, » Drew T........... Chinay.ct . Methodist Episcopal 
Crim, Abraham) Ho Mu. oss... v Shenandoah Col. Inst., Lebanon } , 

Watley Gientiens ss ere ccal Mcte, stele ase choles African ehh United Brethren 
Crockett, Helen May............ v Oberlin C, Defiance C Grad., U of \ 

Chicago Grad... Saas Atatel SR hk Balkans... American Board 
Cronkite sEthel Migs ci) ile stein Western State (Kalamazoo), v 


Baptist Trs (Chicaged deihisisit otter India... .\.. Woman’s Baptist F. M. S. 


498 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 





NAME INSTITUTIONS FIELD MISSIONARY AGENCY 
Crook VDr.wRudoliiiiw ee eeinahae v Bethel S, U of Minnesota and M.. China..... Am. Bap. For. Miss. Soc. 
Cross, Laura Brown..........¢0: U of Minnesota, v Carleton C...... Chinas eon American Board 


Cunningham, Dr. George Smith... Princeton U, v U of Pennsylvania M Philippines Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
Cunningham, Helen Francis Crabbs 


(Mrs. George Smith)........... oMte Holyoke’C chic bane caletetaterts Philippines Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
Darley: Dews Riiiie® hei aie v Cornell C, Columbia U Grad..... S. Amer... Methodist Episcopal 
Dana, John Newell.............. v Simpson C, Northwestern U...... Africa..... Methodist Episcopal 
Dana, Eva Mabelle Holmes (Mrs. : 

John’ Newell) Giants sae ase v Simpson C, Chicago Trs......... Africa..... Methodist Episcopal | 
Daniels, Ruth Natalie............ McPherson C, v U of Kansas...... China..... W. F. M.S. Meth. Epis. 
Davis, Mary Elizabeth Gammon : 

(Mrs Asli erate tert een Ve » Agnes ‘Scott Ci ue gee eens S. Amer... Presbyterian, South 
Davis, Ida Williams............. v Bible Teachers Trs (N. Y. C.).... India..... Woman's Baptist F. M. S. 
Davis wjJayobarleniie. weasels 6 U of Oregon, »Los Angeles Trs, : 

Chris. Alliance Trs (Nyack)..... Palestine.. Chris. and Miss. Alliance 
Deane ip Harle setae sale eels ee 7 Chicago)Eyan. Insti... J. 2) ise 6 Atrica ys a Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
Decker, Dr. Henry Walker....... v Richmond C, M of Virginia...... Ching Aree Am. Bap. For. Miss. Soc. 
Decker, Florence Frazer Boston State N (Farmville, Va.), West- . 

Mrs. Henry Walker).......... hamptoniCee eect via eaten Chinas. Am. Bap. For. Miss. Soc. 
De Jonge, Chris. Anthony........ 9 Hope Cds ic See wicks certo eats Endia ve os Reformed Ch. in Amer. 
De Korne, John Cornelius........ Calyin Cand ose ae taissitees China..... Christian Reformed 
Delmarter)iJeant) leven asses v State N (Los Angeles)........... Korea..... Presbyterian, U.S. A 
*Dennis, Josette Hilda Beebe (Mrs. ’ ; 

Herberts Bier euiinnccn cient oi Allesheny) Cap an eer) srlsierarsia cles et China... oc Ys MaCin. 

De Remer, Barbara E............ State N (East Stroudsburg, Pa.), 

Williamsport H, Bible Teachers 

Tes CONAN coe eaten Indiat..2 3 United Lutheran 
*Derr, Helen Merriam Condon 

CMTS HE ene eat Syracuse Ukr iecrsirs ette ste crate ae India suse Chris. and Miss. Alliance 
De Valois, John James........... Iowa State C, v Moody Trs..... eine perste Reformed Ch. in Amer. - 
De Witt, Mary Veldran.......... N. J. State N (Montclair), » Bible ; ‘ 

Meachers Wrsi(Niry. Cade rensees India aes. Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
Dick, YohnSeth jesuenbenatenet ins Tabor:Cy0 Moody rssh ce ier. Ching srs Mennonite Brethren 
Dickinson, Jeani i ewci nye cectles ySmit hy CUM eran. eearsie.s esters China..... American Board / 
Dickinson, Jennie M............. o! Boston Ui Ria daticieee pucrscle mates Malaysia... W. F. M.S. Meth. Epis. 
Dillener, Leroy Young........... or ParliCePrinceton\Daw An ene eee Persiae... 2 Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
Dixon, Edward Everett, Jr........ 9 Wesleyan U.............-eeeees China 2: Methodist Episcopal 
Dixon, Frederick Rudolph........ Emerson C of Oratory, Bangor T, ' 

’ jWartmouthiGe. seen eee geet Africatiai. American Board 
Dixon, Madeline Esther Halford : ; 

(Mrs. Frederick Rudolph)...... Mt. Holyoke C, » Middlebury C.... Africa..... American Board 
Dizney, Helen) 6) ute ee we v Berea C, West Suburban H...... China..... American Board 
Dobson} Carey Cleo, 002 552): Central Normal C (Ind.), v Butler C, , . ; 

C of Missions (Indianapolis)..... Mexico.... United Chris. Miss. Soc. 
Dobson, Clara O. Arbuckle (Mrs. » Butler C, C of Missions (Indian- ; ’ 

Carey Cleo) Mei. imei ein aera ie ke ADOolis) AUR Riis dein ea eaeinees Mexico.... United Chris. Miss. Soc. 
Dodsworth, Marmaduke......... v State C of Washington, C of Puget ; : 

Sound, Kennedy Trs............ Malaysia.. Methodist Episcopal 
Dodsworth, Anne Sorenson (Mrs. j é 4 

Marmaduke) (a iuan ene van) v Denison U, Kennedy Trs......... Malaysia.. Methodist Episcopal - 
Dorrie, Gladys Adena............ oNewingland Hee een esac India tsa. Woman's Baptist F. M. 8. 
Douglas, Bertha Colera.......... State N (San José), » U of Oregon, 

Eugene Bible U, C of Missions (In- ‘ ’ ; 

Gianapolis Wilackie estes aaeloteeks apane. vee United Chris. Miss. Soc. 
Douglass, Ralph Waddle......... oi Monmoith! Ode eile cee raniaioe tore ZV Doers Amer. Univ., Cairo 
Dowell, Dorothy Antoinette...... v Northfield S, Brown U, Baptist Trs hi AY f 

(Chicago), Teachers C........-. Philippines Woman’s Baptist F. M. S. 
Downer, Sara Boddie............ oMti Holyoke Cua aeons Ua bee China..... Woman's Baptist F. M. S. 
Dudley, Warren Spencer......... v Simpson C, Northwestern U Grad., 

Garrett Trs, Union T (N. Y. C.), l : } 

i eacners !Ciic Wi Oe see ney ia China. 35% Methodist Episcopal 

Dunbar, Orville Derward......... v Dakota Wesleyan U, U of So. : : 

Dakota: Grad ast. clscte vente S. Amer... Methodist Episcopal 
Dunlop, Louise Herchmer........ Mt Holyoke Cl, cnt Sewer ienes Japan..... Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
Dutton, George Byron........... v Western Union C, Morningside C, ; 

McCormick i Ti cetue sae cerns S. Amer... Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
Dutton, Kathryn Belle Leazer / ? 

(Mrs. George Byron).......... © Morningside! Conaiisrrs/<llcisse stetels S. Amer... Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
Dykstra, Harry Andrew.......... o.CalyiniGrand sce e ae oa eerenee EL China’s.% Christian Reformed 
Eavenson, Ira Dennis............ v Mississippi C, Southwestern Bap- ; 

LSE SD sles n cela s Shae teeters @hina-oeer Southern Baptist Con. 
*Eckel, William Andrew.......... Georgetown U, v Kingswood C..... Japancse. Church of the Nazarene 
*Eckel, Florence Marguerite Tal- 

bott (Mrs. William Andrew).... Central Holiness U, v Kingswood C. Japan..... Church of the Nazarene 
Eckert, Daniel Laverty.......... ound avi G Sees olsen ner fetes ire TIGia ye ete Church of God 
Eckert, Linna Louise Loucks (Mrs. 

Daniell Laverty, i \ielejeleeied ales v Findlay C, Johns Hopkins H..... Indias esr Church of God 
Ellener, Fannie Elizabeth......... State N (Oshkosh, Wis.), v Moody j 

f TS ae sag ie ee eee cy chs Africa..... American Board 
Oc e MATEO UT betas ae eielemiae sida v Drake U, C of Missions (Indian- i : i 

apolis).o SF Witenes sibel a chee S. Amer... United Chris. Miss. Soc. 


Evans, Jean McLachlin (Mrs. Ed- , 
VSL) Mets cs eee Sateen cade w UN ot Lorontoyseaeptenes stetoeielelacs’s China..... Presbyterian, South 
Fairbank, Robert Winthrop....... @ AmberstiC chic anleels cieorie cle Fndif fc. American Board 


— 


SAILED LIST—1920 499 


NAME INSTITUTIONS FIELD MISSIONARY AGENCY 
Barqunar, esther Woisy.. os .s2 Wilmington C, Kennedy Trs....... W. Indies.. American Friends 
at roetstACeren hai daierelelersietcis lela Winthrop N and Ind. C, » Scarritt 
j EES MIM OOGY i EESu seen clea aes Ching Presbyterian, South 
Farwell, Viola Beatrice........... v U of Pennsylvania, Syracuse U... China..... Methodist Episcopal 
Fawell, William Croasdale........ v Nebraska Wesleyan U, Boston U T India..... Methodist Episcopal 
Fawell, Lillian Louise Glock (Mrs. 

William Croasdale)............ v Nebraska Wesleyan U........... India 53) Methodist Episcopal 
Fenn, Henry Courtenay.......... Sitamilton) Cea, ele tortere eieyasls ei CHingien slsye Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
Berger, Wirth Bitch, cis cle cscs le U of Chattanooga, » U of Wisconsin, J 

} : Columbia Uy Grad iva vsatelesre as India..... Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
Fielder, Cecil Gray... ....2..s00 Rutgers C, v Princeton U.......... India yi. Am. Bap. For. Miss. Soc. 
Findlay, Dr. Elizabeth.......,... Moulton C, » N (Winnipeg, Man.), j 

: Winnipeg an H, Manitoba M.. India..... Vellore Wom. Med. 
Bink pepamies uUssellisus sracsislose'e Pennsylvania C, 9 T of the Evan. J 

Ruth. Chain Ui Simei uses India...) United Lutheran 
Fink, Fairy Leona (Mrs. James 

RR aSSell) Ns cid Weare ale aloe et siehevers Lutheran Deaconess Motherhouse.. India..... United Lutheran 
Fisher, Commodore B............ Maryville C2 a Gaus oy ae ay ee Persia... 4. Presbyterian, U.S. A 
Fisher, Franke Sheddan (Mrs. ) 

Commodore) Bi )isweeiee cle aes este Stetson U, » Maryville C.......... Persia ys. Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
Bishman, Alvin. exas.e as sleeve « So. Ill. State N U, v U of Illinois, U of 

Chica gor Tenia Alegent.) Indiav a0! Am. Bap. For. Miss. Soc. 
Fishman, Lois Rumsey (Mrs. Alvin | 

Texas) MER reciute ctoteievs Sen'eeaje viene ames Millikin U, v U of Illinois.... India. .... Am. Bap. For. Miss. Soc. 
Fitzgerald, Joseph Washington.. foniOee Mrinity, Coe se nee: W. Indies.. Methodist Episcopal, South 
Fitzgerald, Ruth Elizabeth Klutz is: 

(Mrs. Joseph Washington).. v Trinity C..... Bopeitocidas de cAr W. Indies.. Methodist Episcopal, South 
Fleming; Marjorie. 0.0.0.6 cce ee v Denison U, Ohio State U, Gordon 

LTS Ueiersl estrone as a aleiratsre nese tiey ere Chinat ave Am. Bap. For. Miss. Soc. 
Fleming, May Augusta........... vy Bryn Mawr C, Bible Teachers Trs 

CNG 5G. aera ae SpE et er Japant 0. Presbyterian, U. S. A. 
Flint;;Pauline Anniw.ces5 sce soe gilowa- State Clay ye ieend sak et a vele China wa: Protestant Episcopal 
Folwell, Agnes Hammett......... g Nati Biblevinsto seni celslels sg olelats Chinas China Inland 
Poreman wig Ploradere cess cies esse v Scarritt Trs, Pere H (Wichita).. Africa..... Methodist Episcopal, South 
Forster, Ernst Hermann.:........ v Princeton U, Johns Hopkins U 

; TAG ati ete ae ball oe: i ea China... Protestant Episcopal 

Foster, Eleanor Worthington...... Vassar Gio) Teachers Coes sci «le Indiat icy American Board 
Foust; Ethel Lenore, sues. «ves. v Defiance C, Chris. Alliance Trs 

(Nyack), Wheaton C........... Chinas: Chris. and Miss. Alliance 
Boxe Niriariettet esters se nae elie General H (Montreal), v Presbyter- y 

‘ , fan LTS/CLOTONLO) eel ee ae Kioredanes Presbyterian Ch., Canada 
Frederickson, Doris Ruth......... Denison U, v Baptist Trs (Chicago). Mexico.... Boman & 4 Am. Bap. Home 
iss. Soc 

Freeman, Bessie Helen........... 9. Moody, irs Ssaeorelan se eital eaitisiera aloe W. Indies.. ent ad H. M. Presb. 
Froese, Lena Leona............. Mary Thompson H, v Moody Trs.. (tee we ag Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
Galbraith, Eleanor May.......... Rhodesisland Hi jsrail realest Ae ” China..... Presbyterian Ch., Canada 
Galts Rassellgumesda cis ecitas sees v Muskingum C, Columbia U Grad. Reva Dey Amer. Univ., Cairo 
Galt, Elizabeth Lois Knipe (Mrs. 

RASSCLU ete ele eae alia eyelets |s, ¢ ose og Muskingum! Gaede misccecct Egypt..... Amer. Univ., Cairo 
Gard, Alice Blanche............. @ Baker! Use Dstaanataisels eta ulclst steele apaniecee W. F. M.S. Meth. Epis. 
Gardner, Willie Clyde............ PUNE Texas erin eta vintersiens India. 2.8 Methodist Episcopal 
Garrett, Ethel Rose............. o Drake Ui, Teachers'C.....1...4.. China ue United Chris. Miss. Soc. 
Gates, Gordon Enoch..... Pere st v Colby C, Harvard U Grad....... Indian yas Am. Bap. For. Miss. Soc. 
Gates, Helen Louise Bladwin (Mrs. ) 

Gordonpenoch) Mevalaly cieielalcis's a 2 v Colby C, Boston U Grad......... India taeien Am. Bap. For. Miss. Soc. 
Gebhart, Florence Margaret Patrick 

(Mrs. Harry Clifford). ......... Mt. Holyoke C, v Wellesley C...... Chinawe 4 American Board 
Geddes, William A. S............. PG LOrontocUl Mivgn iaerte yy stele a re ae Herschel 

R Island... Ch. of Eng. in Canada 
Gibbons, Eleanor Haller.......... v C of Wooster, Smith C.......... Indians 's'e): Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
Gibbons, Ronald Scott........... v Wesleyan U, Boston U T........ Endtaeae roa Methodist Episcopal _ 
Giffen, Dora Eunice............. 7 Muskingum) Corsauildiae eh date ste Egypt..... Wom. Genl. M. S. United 

Presbyterian 

Gilbertson, Ruth Eleanora........ USE Olah Conver otra ieee atey ses China..... Norwegian Lutheran 
Gilliam, Frank Johnson.......... v Washington and Lee U.......... Africa..... Presbyterian, South 
Gilmore, Robert Clinton......... v Doane §, Denison U............. Syiiaes ue Syrian Protestant College 
Goertz, Elizabeth D...........-. v Bethel Deaconess H, Bethel C.... India..... Mennonite Gen. Conf. 
Goforth, Ruth Isabel............ v Toronto Bible C, Chris. Alliance 

: eLrsiCN yale) see etal eee eating Chinas: Chris. and Miss. Alliance 
Gooch, Mary Esther............. Ill. State. N U, vIll. Wesleyan U, \ 

Kelso Be Ps Wel eeu ante: claret eat Indigeias. W. F. M.S. Meth. Epis. 

Good, Mary Magdalene.......... og Goshen Gai saaiaine te cae ewes Indians s. Mennonite 
Gordon, Mabel C. Kersey (Mrs. Peon Oniiccce Central Holi- 

Ca THUNES) Ovi ie ly ta ecg atatarele wtatee SLUR ee ET vey Sern Chiniav. ce Presbyterian, U. S. A. 
Gottschall, Newton Tennis....... Bible ‘C of Mo., v Missouri U...... E. Indies... Methodist Episcopal 
Graham, Vida ATO ae sk oreldti te ae v Muskingum CUM AO sis-ah eG A Indies. United BAe bgt 
Greenbank, Martha Katherine.... v Wesley C, Methodist Trs (Toronto) Japan..... Wom. S. Meth. Ch., Canada 
Greene, Poniat Mas 0. dso a.'s Detroit N, v Chicago Trs.......... India yey iay W.F. M.S. Meth. Epis. 
Greenwood, Walter Robert....... v Colgate U, Hamilton T LN ae D TS Le, Indzaeeon Am. Bap. For. Miss. Soc. 
KGrittin,, PANSY Peathow!s «2 vie este <.c,0 State N (Clarion, Pa.), » Monmouth 

CF ia ME bata Ord os o.b here araad pial China a5... W. F. M.S. Meth. Epis. 


Griffiths, Walter Geraldson....... PU Calitoriia wees esc da nalee crete India: Lee Memorial 


500 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 








NAME INSTITUTIONS FIELD MISSIONARY AGENCY 

Grissett, Finley McCorvey....... Ala. Poly. Inst., » Presbyterian T 

(Columbia), Bible Teachers Trs 

(CNA VA COO one Africa..... Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
Groves, Ola Blanche............. v Decatur Baptist C, Baylor U..... China .t.c2 Southern Baptist Con. 
Gruchy, Florence Evelyn......... U of Saskatchewan, King George H ’ 

C(Winniper) aa ua ee eae Indian oer Presbyterian Ch., Canada 
Gundlach, Adelaide.............. 9. OberliniCiie ee ok eee China..... Ginling College 
Gunn ‘Alvada ise relitiuacuie gout v Bessie Tift C........ = Wiereueelerake ate China..... Southern Baptist Con 
Habermann, Margaret Oria....... U of Wisconsin, » Chicago Evan. 

Trish eis selene reich ele erent ates JAPAN ae o's American Board 
Hackett, Harold Wallace......... Berea iCu\ irene ibpebnnaermon ere Wapan sis ices American Board 
Hackett, Anna Loena Powell (Mrs. : 

Harold Wallace)! say singe deliels Gordon Trs, v Roosevelt H........ Japan..... American Board 
Haig, Mary Tennant............ N (Toronto), wv Presbyterian Trs ‘ 

(Toronto) ak eishuvieknamemuaee se Japanies. at Presbyterian Ch., Canada 
Haines, Elwood Lindsay......... v U of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia T Africa sagas Protestant Episcopal 
Hall, Elizabeth Putnam.......... Mt. Holyoke C, v Oberlin C....... Chima ek! Independent 
Hall) Filla Marzieso iu aiiieicke yells v Meridian Woman's C, Scarritt Trs Africa..... Methodist Episcopal, South 
Hambly,"Olive Pas iainnle cetera v Methodist Trs (Toronto) a aia, ies Japan. wae Wom. S. Meth. Ch., Canada 
Hammerlind, Elsie M............ og North: Park Cy) jose ieieients ors 6 China..... She nay" Evan. Miss. Cov. 
Hammond Dorothy). iii... os he Cottey)'C; 9 Colo. Agri, Cans ani Malaysia.. W. F. M. S. Meth. Epis. 
Hancock, Mrs. Nellie Davis...... Goucher C, 9 Bible. Teachers Trs ; 

(NAY CO Oe ona vaLite Indias hag. W. F. M.S. Meth. Epis. 
Hansing, Ovidias cn selekeiee ce aisles v domes Lutheran C, State N (Peru, 

Neb.), Lawrence Cao as China..... W. F. M.S. Meth. Epis. 
Harkness, Kenneth McKenzie..... v Dakota Wesleyan Unies e. Africa..... Methodist Episcopal 
Harkness, Marguerite Irvene Sher- : 

wood (Mrs. Kenneth McKenzie) v Dakota Wesleyan U............. Africae Methodist Episcopal 
Harrington, Marian.............. State N (Milwaukee), » Ohio Wes- : : 

Teyan Dies che ey ec Ale ae S. Amer... Methodist Episcopal 
Harris, Alice Cola Muy tou lars las Butler H, Fordham H, 9 Boston U.. India..... W. F. M. S. Meth. Epis. 
Harrison, Samuel James.......... 7 Albion C)'Garrett' Trev iiny. ceesne China yy: Methodist Episcopal 
Harrison, Nancy Myrtle David ; : : 

(Mrs. Samuel James).......... Vv Albion. Caan ieeiie aie cts an ee Wielale Chingy sie Methodist Episcopal 
Harti Clyde’ BlienY) os decisis ctescs Oklahoma C for Women, v U of Okla- Me : 

homa, Kennedy Trs............ S. Amer... Methodist Episcopal 
Hart, Helene Grace Baker (Mrs. : 

Henry Garfiela) er es »v Simpson C, Iowa State U Grad... India..... VoMs Cr As 

Hatch, lora) Partie! ne sae lelaea State N (San Diego), »U of Red- A é 

lands, U of California Grad...... Isdian elses Woman’s Baptist F. M.S. 
Hatch, Hazel Anna. ..).......%.'.. Okla. A. and M. C, »v Asbury C Grad S. Amer... W. F. M. S. Meth. Epis. 
Hatch: Low Jane ies oak etee ras Chicago Evan Inst., vy Pasadena U.. India..... Church of the Nazarene 
Havinghurst, Freeman Carroll.... » Baker U, Drew T, Kansas U Grad China..... Methodist Episcopal 
Havighurst, Anna Ruth Roseberry 

(Mrs. Freeman Carroll)........ «© Baker’U) Drews Eowaeciwiscvie eee China ys. Methodist Episcopal 
*Hayes, Arnold Edmund......... o Alabama Poly. Insti ay tiie te S. Amer... Southern Baptist Con. 
*Hayes, Helen Trueman Ford (Mrs. 

Arnold ‘Edmund yi cre ae se els Georgetown © hy iiiave is stavelslcletsp etal S. Amer... Southern Baptist Con. 
Hazlett, Edith Maye yor ey 6. Occidental Gui (cLo avai ania Syria cen. American School, Beirut 
Hazlett, Jennie Elizabeth......... v State N (Los Angeles), Occidental 

| OORT Ba aE ty «ICTY Ses Sih es Uae aan DENK Syria..... Syrian Protestant College 
Heasty, Hannah Adams (Mrs. John 

Alfred ani Herter. Ap¥ene\ Wofeiatcrad sia sts T Cooper: Cuvee trs 2 AN ORE ewer. fe Egypt..... United Presbyterian 
Hecker, Willo Marie............. v Lucy Webb Hayes H............ China Fon. Methodist Episcopal 
Henderson, Lloyd Putnam........ v U of Washington, Princeton T.... Korea..... Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
Henderson, Helen Elizabeth Mc 

Quilkin (Mrs. Lloyd Putnam)... U of Pennsylvania, » Moody Trs... Korea..... Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
Hendry, Dr. Cullen Haygood..... Southwestern U, v U of Texas M... China..... Methodist Episcopal, South 
Heppner, Pelensanitita ears aei se wy Moody rs isis Pusu tne dele Chinas Mennonite Brethren 
Herman Almira tie scueana oe oe ay State N (Bloomsburg, Pa.), v Berea i 

OU E: TCN DUP a UR Amen Tha’ Pky Guus Ay RU W. Indies.. American Miss. Assn. 
Hewson, Georgiana Florine....... Agnes Scott C, 7 U of Pa. H....... Korea..... Preaby coe South 
*Hill, Thomas Benjamin......... vV¥.M.C.A. Trs (Springfield)..... India. vo 6. Y. M. C..A, 
Hillier, Edgar Patrick............ v Y. M.C. A. Trs (Springfield)..... Indians ae Y. M. C. A. 
Hinkley, Lelia Mae.............. v ee - Colorado, U of nee 
WiiG@e A Tre (N. Nei CG.) other Chinasi)s% Y. W. C. A. 
Hinton, Marion Beekley (Mrs. v é, of Cincinnati, Cincinnati Kinder- 

Herberbi yee uae pti Le garten Trng. Solty i, bc pu eulenes Tndiay 2.35 Am. Bap. For. Miss. Soc. 
Hobson, John Kempei/f i. ooh t v Davidson C, Union T (Richmond) Africa..... Presbyterian, South 
Hobson, Rowena Dis Williamson iheten ove Texas N, v Assembly’s 

(Mrs! John: Kenip) See.mes cons Trs' (Richmond) a4) ive ad eee her Africa..... Presbyterian, South 
Holkeboer, Tena....... ists Seen 9 HopeiOrit Mae wee en b esas ee eiisls China..... Reformed Ch. in Amer. 
Hollenberg, Frederick Mitchel..... v iene C, McPherson C Grad., 

Bethany Pras uh a eee aA Ate Indiat v2 ae Church of the Brethren 
Hollingshead, Adah H. Hart (Mrs. » Park C, State N (Santa Barbara), 

Arthur Doe platen aco Stanford Ui. «ik tamale wee ih China..... Methodist Episcopal 
Holt, Alfred Hubbard............ 9 Williams Cnr ee ieee ue ok China..... Canton Christian College 
Honnell, Grace La Dora, .22h).): 3 o Baker U; ‘Chicago Trseienistod so 6 Indiav ee. W. F. M.S. Meth. Epis. 
Horst, Gertrude Sybilla.......... U of Wisconsin, » Moody Trs, Bible Wom. Genl. M. S. United 

; Teachers Trei(Nui Vi Cosco. India =s..k. Presbyterian 
Howes, Ruth Vincent............ v Randolph-Macon Woman’ gi Clasute China..... Y. W. CA 
Hoyman, Avis Genevieve......... v Iowa State Teachers C, Monmouth Wom. bree M. S. United 
CA ee rotor ela chaheirete ato atte oie anette Egypt..... Presbyterian 


SAILED LIST—1I920 501 





NAME INSTITUTIONS FIELD MIssSIONARY AGENCY 

Py OVth AnNnS,. \ tis eeias'c 4a sie si Western Normal C (Shenandoah, 

Ja.), v Central Holiness U....... India..... W. F. M.S. Meth. Epis. 
Huizenga, Dr. Lee S............. Calvin C and vT, New York Home- 

opathic M..... aerial overeat China... Christian Reformed 
iris VOTa IOVELLO 5. sleyerecratateh starts v Wesley C, Manitoba M, Toronto 

Genéral His aaron. a ako ce Tria Wie sieds Presbyterian Ch., Canada 
Hult, Gertrude Leona Jacobson Western Ill. State N, v Augustana C, ‘ 

(Mrs. Ralph Daniel)........... MenmAnuel (Lae cu sree ietalate » Africa..... Sudan United 

Humble, Hester Ruth............ Milwaukee-Downer C, vy Chicago 

Bvand inst. iiisccide siecle S. Amer... Methodist Episcopal 
Lele dal BCh re 8 Sin om ane eseeaioe v Moody Trs, Kalamazoo C........ Philippines Presbyterian, U. & A. 
Erle? Florence Al ini utdeieesivsies « v State of Washington............. S. Amer... Methodist Episcopal 
Irwin, Donald Archibald......... v Washington and Jefferson C, West- ( 

ern T (Pittsburgh), Teachers C... China..... Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
Irwin, Mary Elizabeth Totten ‘ 

(Mrs. Donald Archibald)....... Pittsburgh Teachers Trng. Sch..... China). Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
Isely, Merrill Nickerson......... _. 0 Fairmount C, Oberlin T, Yale T.. Turkey.... American Board 
Isely, Mildred Myers (Mrs. Merrill ! 

INICICETEON alates cars aishelay sist aisls/esa sabe a Pairmount Cul cieldslslsuate ties ests Turkey.... American Board 
Jacob, Robert Augustus.......... v7 Georgetown CoUNiicaias sume ap dese China..... Southern Baptist Con. 
MA COG MAS UNIT HATE) elec la le a)s)on0 % oi v Mt. Hermon S, Cornell U........ China: 3.\. Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
Janvier, Alma Thornton Johnson v Gordon Trs, New England H (Rox- ' 

CWizar cerriesti Pe) Ae) arlene ore ..... _ bury), J. B. Thomas H (Peabody) India..... Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
Jenkins, Louise F.... Mt. Holyoke C and Grad.......... Japan..... Woman’s Baptist F. M. S. 
Uf zeap lahet Fl SGP h oly ea ea ATA Trinity C, v Kennedy Trs.......... Ching jo.) Ch. of Eng. in Canada 
Jett, Harry Carmichael........... 9 Baker) U, (Garrett Irs ii ise cl eielay + Chinas).../:)'. Methodist Episcopal 
Jett, Wenona Wilson (Mrs. Harry ' 

Carmichaetyy cca cave ance GO. BakervUl crete aes cists oie steel oela Sis Chinaiieus Methodist Episcopal 
Johanson, Agnes Linea........... 7 Baptist. (rs (Chicago) tle ck ce vous ect eles . Independent 
Johnson, Benjamin Martineau.... v Colgate U, Hamilton T.......... India << Am. Bap. For. Miss. Soc. 
Johnson, Inez Jennie Jones (Mrs. ‘ 

Benjamin Martineau).......... v Syracuse U, Presbyterian H (N.Y.C.) India..... Am. Bap. For. Miss. Soc. 
MOBGROM LIEB Sin) icicle are aetelete te: we PM GGAY MES) aioe alone ily eed ee ey aia Africas. 's/). Africa Inland 
HWones: Joan Combeta i osivees. s v Union Trs (Brooklyn)........... India yisco. W. F. M.S. Meth. Epis. 
Jongewaard, Dr. Albert John..... v State U of Iowa, U of Illinois M... India..... United Presbyterian 
Jongewaard, Florence Beverley New- ; , 

love (Mrs. Albert John)........ Northwestern U, v State U of Iowa.. India..... United Presbyterian 
Kauffman, Robert Snively........ g:Pat State: Gumus me eke cls Indiagisis os United Lutheran 
Kauffman, Ruth Isabel Shook (Mrs. 4 

RIODETEONEVELY )ie be ciere stain sieie b= v Lutheran Trs (Baltimore)........ Engin nscets United Lutheran 
Kennard, Joseph Spencer, Jr...... v Harvard U, Princeton T, Yale Sch. 

: of Religion, Union T (N. Y. C.).. Japan..... Am. Bap. For. Miss. Soc. 

Kennedy, Dr. Josephine.......... U_of Illinois, » Wheaton C, U of 

TU ROIS IVE eo eta stentless eepie Chinas. eis American Board 
Kerr, Dr. Harold Dabney........ Davidson C, v U of Wisconsin, Johns 

Hopkins) Min Wen mice cise loony a ai China..... Presbyterian, U. S. A. 
Kerse ye Rube May ilaheaeis.s's 5:0: sie Woman’s C (Richmond), » Baptist : 

Woman’s Trs (Louisville)........ Africa ,..'.. Southern Baptist Con. 
King, Clarence Harper........... OO Of Vexas Ty etal Seta Japan.....: Methodist Episcopal, South 
Kinman, Lewis Marion........... gi CeritraliGinnusuiun ate eu Waele ASH cairo ils\e Methodist Episcopal, South 
Ged eWay hk hole EEA | ee ae ARE Dios Angeles Tren cele acta cule Africa. ..)... Africa Inland } 
Klein, Chester Leroy... ss .-.-- v Doane S, Denison Us... 0.0). India... ; Am. Bap. For. Miss. Soc. 
Knox, Harry Gaylord..)... 0s... Purdue U, a U of Illinois, McCormick { 

Ati AOA ROU ten aa hehe ea nae in ALE Siam....... Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
Knudten, Arthur Christian. ...... Carthage C, 9 Hamma TT.) 5)....4.. Japan..... United Lutheran 
Knudten, Ruth Hazel Crum (Mrs. ; . 

Arthur Chrictian) ice elem eae lse's mo Wittenberg Oo jean wiles siaeser ls 6 Japan. 2). United Lutheran 
Knutson, Anna Helena........... v St: Olaf C, Nor. Luth. Deaconess H Africa..... Norwegian Lutheran 
Kormélson.Chinadacensnerritie ss sss ‘Tabor: C;'p Moody Tres sasis © Chinat nee Mennonite Brethren 
Krider, Walter Wesley........... DePauw U,v Boston UT......... Japan..... Methodist Episcopal 
Lagat, Mary elietis siscansi ais: «5 OP Loronto bible Cogn senna ee S. Amer... San Pedro 
Laird,.Guy Morganw...3 osc.) .)3° 9 Purdue, U,, Denver Trs i 2)...).).).1.13)- Africa..... Africa Inland | 
Lancaster, Cecile Elizabeth....... v Howard Payne C, Baylor U....., Japan.) 5% Southern Baptist Con. 
Larson ,Leonard John:.........+. v North Park C, Wheaton C....... Chinaws es Swedish Evan. Miss. Cov. 
Lautenschlager, Stanton.......... Huntington C, v U of Michigan Grad China..... Presbyterian, U. S. A. 
Leasure, Fred George............ v No. Dakota State N (Ellendale)... Africa..... Lumbwa Industrial 
Leasure, Nettie Norris (Mrs. Fred : 

Ceorme ere eae alee nee BRS gi siete No. Dakota State N (Ellendale).... Africa..... Lumbwa Industrial 
Le Duc, Hazel Marjorie Ross (Mrs. ! 

Benjamins F)) eve davai ye tela chan PENTOOAV ALES Auer eivis ietneinloleitiaia Japan i 1 .% Seventh-Day Adventist 
Le Fevre, George Newton, Jr...... vLos Angeles Trs, Chris. Alliance : ; 

RES UUINIVEUCIC) Ibs) sleletunsterefovers teheranerehsn® S. Amer... Chris. and Miss. Alliance 
Lemon, Hallie F. W..........--+. v Cotner U, C of Missions (Indian- , A : : 

ADOUB) Ri VelabissaisleysislC chistes ee ete ete Mexico.... United Chris. Miss. Soc. 
Lentz, Grace Zelma........-...+. Methodist H of So. Calif., Lying-In i 

H (Chicago), » U of So. Calif.... China..... W.F. M.S. Meth. Epis. 
Tees ts Ak LEE O] OLIN) ars een ate ies lake © 01 Ti MOOAVALTS else eietalei tesla estes Africa..... South Africa General 
Lewis, Margaret Allan (Mrs. Alfred ; \ 

OUT) Pei ereeneeeeaistaren ete oleislere choy 9 Moody irs sacrctstale acs sieselateveiny se cle Africa..... South Africa General 
Lewis, Mary Alice Hudson (Mrs. ; ; : 

Charles H) Dei hava Cate a0¥ sipblade sie lo oe OctidentaliGees, tui s siihteite nate els China..... Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
Dade, Prancis Pugh. .sis space ss v Clemson Agrl. C of S. C., So. Bap- 


LIBEL oe eee a dna \c cole lowe aaven da she China..... Southern Baptist Con. 
Tightroah, 6! ROY. css cis 0 on os v Albion C, Garrett Trs........... India..... Methodist Episcopal 


502 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


NAME INSTITUTIONS FIELD MISSIONARY AGENCY 
Lightfoot, Grace Elizabeth Savage apie Trs (Chicago), v Kalamazoo 

(Mrssie Roy) ec er ee pein \ onprey ve eDiets pave) ea ee ie fen dia vehes Methodist Episcopal 
Lindsey, Howard Willis.......... v Wesleyan!’ Uli ae aie ce leitae ety India ss 3./% Methodist Episcopal 
Little, Mrs. Edna P. Smith....... U of Kentucky....... aioe abt ke China..... Presbyterian, U U.S.A. 

Lloyd, James| Edward iio) ioe. McGill U, v Congregational C (Mon- t 

treal) Pe ce wp we Gi ie ena Africa..... Congregational Ch., Canada 
Longworth, Harral Aymar........ v Iowa State C, Garrett Trs, Ken- 

NEATH ish elolk aed oes Africa. .\..' Methodist Episcopal 
*Loree, Edith...... SiiGobuDte tee v Methodist ‘Ers\ (Toronto) ieee China..... Wom.S. Meth. Ch., Canada 
Love, Esther Josephine........... v Randolph-Macon Woman's C, U of : 

ea ie H, New York H, Teach- bee 

ie OT RE TAIN Aiur, es silo ich tau Chitin seni Presbyterian, U.S. A. 

Lowry, Raymond Frome......... v Ohio Wesleyan U and Grad., Drew 5 

Tee. Fok hate eee lathe ame eyes Chinawe. ns Methodist Episcopal 
Lowry, Ruth Leo Howey (Mrs. 

Raymond Frome) io sis/sie6 006 9/Obio WesleyantU wisn. aaaeeinsiies China..... Methodist Poerans 
LucemRuth Isabel stints ste sissies Meridian C, v Chicago Evan. Inst.. China..... W. F. M.S. Meth. Epis. 
Lutz, Dexter Nathaniel.......... 2 Ohio State! U7 ss. ann cvacerels NCOLCR Ecce Presbyterian, U. S. A. 

Lutz, Eunice Lenore Harpster (Mrs. \ 

Dexter Nathaniel)............. 9. Oberlini Gy. rceyoniaheskelstereleleferen cas nis Korea..... Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
MacLeod, George Daniel......... Prince of Wales C, »v Dalhousie U... W.Indies.. Presbyterian Ch., Canada 
MacMillan, Beulah Lucile........ Do Moody Utes ce deans nenitel ieveiete Africas. vee Woman's Baptist F. M. S. 
Macpherson, Jean Harmon....... v Mechanics Inst., Teachers C...... China 21), Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
Macy; Ella Evalena..../06 6.303 3.6 C of Emporia, v Friends U......... W.Indies.. American Friends 
Maddock, Hoist iis sirews sicivers clei 9 Mechanics inst... Seb ee ce eee es Chinascoss W. F. M.S. Meth. Epis. 
Mantle, Lancelot Piglet 4 Bat v Asbury C, So. Baptist T... 20... Cent. Am.. Am. Bapt. Home Miss. Soc. 
Markham, Reuel Finney......... v Washburn C, Oberlin T, Yale T... Turkey.... American Board 


Markham, Evangeline Lawrence 
McNaughton (Mrs. ReuelFinney) v Kee Mar C, Wells C, Oberlin C... Turkey.... American Board 


Martin, Jessie Elizabeth.......... 7 Oberlin’ Clete ae eee are Turkey.... American Board 
Martin, William Harvey.......... v Union Christian C, Indiana U.... W.Indies.. Christian Church 
Martin, William Norman......... 7 Lebanon Valley Cee ic ece nee Africa..... United Brethren 
Martin, Grace Evangeline Snyder 

(Mrs. William Norman)........ v Lebanon Valley C...........%..- Africa ssc United Brethren 

*Massey, Winona Annie.......... Toronto Cons. of Music, » Methodist 

ErsiCloronto) aoe clelslc ce arose China..... Methodist Ch., Canada 
Matheson, Arthur Daniel......... go’ Gordon Drs eiiinjsencnictt sstlsiiems India sa. ot Baptist Ch., Canada 
MecCahan) Ruth FH eeacenie ae stele U of So. California, » Los Angeles 

ES ee ie eS ey Uap ae oan ae S. Amer... Bolivian Indian 
McCleery, Dr. John Maxwell..... Monmouth C, v Muskingum C, i ‘ 

Western Reserve M............. Egypt... United Presbyterian 
McCleery, Pearl May Roe (Mrs. ( 

John} Maxwell))i zion s/t ctarcls ere’ oi Muskingrim) CO vciretiee ssc eletaes Egypt..... United Presbyterian 
McCormick, Hugh Pendleton..... ¥ Mises As and Moria Ulan Africa ci, Southern Baptist Con. 
McCown, Mary Wilson.......... State N (Harrisonburg, Va.), v As- 

sembly’s Trs (Richmond)........ Chinayye. Presbyterian, South 
McElroy, Elizabeth.............. eo CooperiG, wees cietitnmincistsiteattoes Turkey.... Reformed Presbyterian 
McGee, George Amos..........-. v7 LostAngelesih rsiteetsi tos asin tela. Africa secs Africa Inland 
McGeoch, Harold Archibald...... Muskingum C, » Pittsburgh T...... Egypt..... United Presbyterian 
McGill, Fred Tennyson.......... Erskine C, v Princeton T.......... Inidiam oe aee Assoc. Ref. Presbyterian 
McHenry, Lillian Belle........... v Pennsylvania C for Women, Ken- ; 

NEY LTS ashe wewltatre alo teralcre es te Persia.c tis Presbyterian, U. S. A. 
McKay, John Noble............. * Southwestern |Uil. 42 t). . uete seater Mexico.... Methodist Episcopal, South 
McKay, Edna Lillian Douglass © 

(Mas? Johni Noble) cess, -eler0s o'\ColoradotG) Park Gch cule steele at Mexico.... Methodist Episcopal, South 
McKenzie, Ranier Janet.......... v Moody Trs...... Nagiete oy eietel steal stetete Korea..... Presbyterian, U. S. A. 
McKnight, Floss Duchesne....... State N (Cape Girardeau, Mo.), : 

Scarritgd rs yas ee eletaile crete eee Chinav.:.). Methodist Episcopal, South 
McKnight, William Quay........ Wabash C, »v Princeton T.......... Japanar.. Christian Church 
McKnight, Mary E. Kellogg (Mrs. 

William Quay)s sisters vnuisive store 9 De PanwU tia clues serie ahiieten Japan... Christian Church 
McMilim jRetta Cs are Moisi ataerele v Baldwin-Wallace C, C of Wooster. S. eee .. Presbyterian, U.S.A 
McMullin, Reginald Miller....... Queens Uland/9/ Dini tik dee ees Korea..... Presbyterian Ch., Canada 
Meebold, Louise Elizabeth........ Wheaton C, Bible Teachers Trs 

CNRS Cys) eG ie alelacs be emeerae ees China..... American Board 
Meleney, Dr. Frank Lamont...... v Dartmouth C, C of P. and S._ 

(NGC. cae Bia aa ae ae ar China..... Union Medical College 
Meleney, Dr. Henry Edmund..... ais a C, vC of P. and S. : 

ON ATO AR GA NAA he eerie! China... .. China Medical Board 
Middleton, Gordon Kennedy...... N.C. C of A. and M., v Cornell U 5 

Grade rae is eG cae eee China..... Southern Baptist Con. 


Middleton, Celia Herring (Mrs. 


Gordon Kennedy)..........++- oMeredithy © iis senton aimee ss China..... Southern Baptist Con. 
Miller, Allan Carlyle...........+. PiskiU oe Virginia Devi antes bake S. Amer... Lott Carey Baptist 
Miller\cArthts Sa .civeiae acieiieteels Wi lowa State. We ka iver wre cee Cndia ves Church of the Brethren 
Miller, Jennie E. Blough (Mrs ( 

ArthuriS./ Boia acme alas sotelare MES) Morris (Cu Ute nteLialetaisie tle India Wen Church of the Brethren 
Miller, Lisette si cis oale s cleielle (ole. v Northfield S, Mt. Holyoke C..... Korea st sc. Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
Miller, Paul Alexander........... Westminster C, »v Bible Teachers Trs 

(N. Y. C.), Pittsburgh T........ Teidlia: wrerste United Presbyterian 
Miller, Dorothy Jane Tilley (Mrs. mee C, wBible Teachers Trs 
Paul Alexander). (clic oecoee CN AY ite eerste ele ertome ewreta eianareie Indias... United Presbyterian 


Pintler,\ Viola L/9i.5s.0\de we eeitete s/e)s » Lakeside FL dese e amet ee ticcs China. fit. W. F. M.S. Meth. Epis. 





; SAILED LIST—-I920 


; NAME INSTITUTIONS FIe.p 
; Millican, Mary Maude........... Seattle Pacific C, » State N (Belling- 
i hain, Wash.) see soe ey Ching. 
| Millson, Charles Christopher...... 2 Moody Trs...........ceeesseees Fadia wy: 
meviinto, Una Jean so). ob doin eos, o6 Beloit C, vCongregational Trs i 
: (Chicago) )) NA LeMay TN el Africa Ye 
Moffet, Anna Elizabeth. ......... 2 U of Chicago, Kennedy Trs...... China..... 
Moldenke, Theodore Victor....... Wagner C, v Gordon Trs, Mt. Airy T India..... 
_ Moore, Harriett Elizabeth........ Toronto Trs, Asbury H (Minne- 
apols), eo Moody. irs: ere Ua: Endiae ake 
_ Moore, Irene Muriel............. y State N (Harrisonburg, Va.)...... W. Indies.. 
Morgan, Hugh Curran........... Dickinson C, v Teachers C......... Chingatee 
_ Morgan, Keiller Nolen (Mrs. Hugh v Randolph-Macon Woman's C, Teach- 
Bepe. uirran) aisle asus aires Nel: yet Oe at a enum SEL LYS DD iA China tin. 
‘Morris, Robert Porter............ o Cornell (Ui Sea ea Et Syriasy ic. 
Morrison, Elizabeth Knowles..... vy Swarthmore C, Johns Hopkins U 
Gradiy YW. CAN Trai(Nvy Cee y Chinas: 
Mott, John Livingstone.......... s Princeton! Usa ew era Oe ea ek India.) 2. 
| _ Moulton, Mary Elizabeth........ oN. H. C of A. and M. Arts, Hart- N 
ford Sch. of Rel. Pedagogy...... Africa... ¢/. 
» Moyer, Celia Louise............. 9) Ba ker Ui Pans ree eet at: China..... 
® Moyer, Samuel Tyson............ v Penn. State C, Bluffton T........ Indiay jee 
Mullins Annie Vicie. 3.0.06 4836. State N (Harrisburg, Va.), v Butler 
C, C of Missions (Indianapolis)... India..... 


Munsell, Emma C. Townsend (Mrs. 


Wied ee ever eon a oslehalyieist cy s\a's Los Angeles Trs, v Whittier C...... Cen. Am... 
_ Murphree, Marshall Jasper....... U ra Chattanooga, Taylor U,v Boston Nels 
SOUS Se te ec Pe A Pica We 
_ Murray, Hilda Sophronia......... Pi OSLOTIVO et ase tha ey en ert) oa Chingy, 
@ Nagler, Etha Matie.:..:......... TAU io nae Np ele Oly AAAI ASHE i) Ghiriaun nis 
® Nave, Julian Walter............. Oakland City C, vIll. Holiness U, 
RGU ORAM TY ICSE A Pana a ae Tndial) 


Nave, Eleanor Bramlet (Mrs. Julian 


RYWALTON) Eh ctl rem nt tise ameine een aih TOOL LCE NUCH arr ih tere ere ea Indianaat) 
Nelson, Dr. Carl Magnus......... v aie Park C, U of Chicago, Rush nt 
Ue NEN AI) aE Ue LON ST Any stata 
Nesbitt, Ralph Beryl. . Oy LRN Sa mb aX ed=y ho yotah Oilr-t ole Abe Dy tee SURI MRURL oe» IA India se 
N esbitt, Agnes Torborg ‘Swenson 
(Mrs. Ralph Beryl) i... 0. J.'5.5. vy N. J. State N (Montclair)........ India ees 
NEES Corel dE aig a Une v Statesville Female C, mop nab Ci 
Bible Teachers Trs (N. Y BC ia Stepan ror. 
Nichols, Ethel Elizabeth....... PANG FW Oyboeche-W Oy AUatMur Nini tt Runa IneulaHl inn Indie 
Nielsen, Christine Louise......... PIMOo dy Les ar ems elas Me Pvee ey Alar Africa... 
m Noble, Dr. William Alexander, Jr... ¢ Atlanta Mio...) 0.) coals ol aes Unidas 
Nolan, Marble vie ean All ag hr .ts PCat lev ory Cue my ewer een ee MeN ie b Seat Turkey.... 
Nordlund, Esther Victoria........ ¢' NorthiParks Cage ye cleat a a Chinawii: 
Nordyke, ets isn sia ells Indijanal\U','9) DePauw Us eee ae Ghing yi), 
Norton, Elisabeth Sikes James U of Pennsylvania, v Phila. Sch. of 
(Mrs. Albert Charles).......... therBible way jug weal Mein dalle Egypt..... 
Nugent, Waillis\ Carte. jos. sues. s4 Franklin and Marshall C, v T of the 
Reformed. Ch. in U. S...005 96342): Japan 
Nugent, Pearl Anna Graul (Mrs. 
Willis Cart yincrseie mie sain ashe tale Wh Bucknell U, Western Pa. H........ Japan Wine 
Nutting, Rena Lyman........... Rest C for Women, v Kennedy ut 
ANU aope coat eatiave Ape ay Tr LAN By hae ale 
Nycum, Homer Clark............ v Cote UO of Cincinnati yas. bndiaiiaint.s 
Olive, Lucius Bunyan............ Wake Forest Cio Son Baptist dn ia China sc 
Orwig, Samuel Marlinadcids ccs sss Park C, Grove City C, v Princeton T W. Indies... 
Pace. John, Capertoniien. ass. fste<. Southwestern U,v Yale U T....... Maia eis 
Parker, Blanche Adelle........... v Drake U, C of Missions (Indian- 
APOLS) te EL Ae UA NAA A Chinawso.2 
Paterson, James Douglas......... U of Edinburgh M, v Wycliffe C, U of 
PLOTONEO) GOT ae Metall Mahal ere tall fapare ws | 
Pattersons, Ohne tn a ees as v-Baker UN Drews yee ss aluls ¢ Enda. 
Pearce, Katherine Standish....... WS ehs Cae GON Televi aL an At Turkey.... 
Pearson, Hinils soph ete shia seats U of Minnesota, v Moody Trs...... Atrica i 
Pease, Harriet Burtlass........... v Blackburn C, C of Wooster....... Persia... .'. 
Peebles, Dr. Elizabeth Steele...... 7 Phitay Clot Osteopathy «uP... IAT TI Cae ats 
Pendleton, Dr; Lost... 20h 0a. ak. 9 U ot Galifornia‘and Movie ie Chinas J)2). 
Persson, Bertha Wilhelmina...... Methodist H (Frankfort), Methodist 
T (Upsala), Chicago Trs, v Meth- 
odist)H (Omaha, Neb.)....5. 24 c's Chinas: 
Pierce, Elmer Le Roy............ v Kingfisher C, Garrett Trs........ Africal: ci) 
Pierce, Dr. Ethel Margaret....... v Baylor U and M, U of Texas M... China..... 


Pinckney, Dr. Charles Edward.... » Nebraska Wesleyan U, U_ of 
Nebraska Mime ath wan ie ove Malaysia... 
Pinckney, Lillian Violet Fox (Mrs. 


Charles Edward) .....0.2.....4. v Nebraska Wesleyan U........... Malaysia. . 
Porter, Walter James............ Park C, Cambridge U Grad., Papeete 

PGT ie ULLAL aa ea as . Amer... 

BEOR yt V1eineritonrs ele es cis e)siele sie 'a,s)6 v Mt. Holyoke C, Baptist Trs (Phila) Japan Wieteate 

Prentice, James Stuart........... a Ciiesns UCM Nels we Sia India..... 


593 


MIssIoNARY AGENCY 


Presbyterian, U. S. A. 
United Presbyterian 


American Board 
Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
United Lutheran 


Wom. Union Miss. Soc. 
Protestant Episcopal 
Methodist Episcopal 


Methodist Episcopal 
Syrian Protestant College 


American Board 

VW tee As 

Mennonite Gen. Conf. 
United Chris. Miss. Soc. 
Friends Ch. of Calif. 
Methodist Episcopal 
PEL GN Fa 

W. F. M.S. Meth. Epis. 
Methodist Episcopal 
Methodist Episcopal 


Swedish Evan. Miss. Cov. 
Presbyterian, U. S.-A. 


Presbyterian, U.S. A. 


Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
Woman’s Baptist F. M.S. 
South Africa General 
Salvation Army 

American Board 

Swedish Evan. Miss. Cov. 
W.F. M.S. Meth. Epis. 


United Presbyterian 
Reformed Ch. in U. S. 
Reformed Ch. in U. S. 


American Board 

Am. Bap. For. Miss. Soc. 

Southern Baptist Con. 

Home Miss. Bd. Presbyterian 
U.S. A. 


Methodist Episcopal 
United Chris. Miss. Soc. 


Ch. of E. M.S. or 

C. M.S. of E 

Methodist Episcopal 
Amer. Col., Constantinople 
South Africa General 
Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
Independent 

American Board 


W. F. M.S. Meth. Epis. 
Methodist Episcopal 
Southern Baptist Con. 


Methodist Episcopal 
Methodist Episcopal 
Presbyterian, U. S. A. 
Woman's Baptist F. M.S. 


United Free Church of Scot- 
land 


504 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 





NAME INSTITUTIONS FIELD 

Prins, Peter Nicholas............ o Hope Cuan wean emesis tates Turkey.... 
Procter, | John ‘Craig Pan oye yu ey v Toronto Bible C, Moody Trs..... Africa: o.|7- 
Pruitt, Dr: Samuel Orr) 4/01)... Washington and Lee U, v Furman U, 

U\of Maryland Mi fahiane sete Chinas ix 
Randle, Louis Henry.. ... oO Shurtleff C, Rochester Too... China.) 
Randle, Florence Marie Crawford 

(Mrs) Louts' Henry) (os eye of Shitetleth Cay Wee Sea ae ee me ae Chinas ee 

Ray Rex ae Meh re Me LLIB v Decatur Baptist C, Baylor U..... China... 
Raymond, Harriet Maude........ Py Otterbein | Ce SON TW Se eho ye Philippines 
Reckman'! Hisay sis Quy yoy oe B\cind Indiana State N, »v Winona Federated 

CrBelowtrC ry Sa ee Turkey.... 
Reed, Frederick John............ 9 Victoria Gules Haeac Ran eae China w0..%. 
Reto; Henry Barony einewe viens hiss #/ Ur of Sol) Caroling iyi keane welt China! nin 
Rehder, Pauline Magdaline....... State N (Moorhead, Minn.), Ken- 

NEM yi Drs ee ee He ene aan Turkey 
Reiser, Anna Irene.............. DiAdmavOn Bird sack leer eet st Japan..... 
Reynolds, John Bolling........... »Hampden-Sidney C............. Korea..... 
RIDDIS WBel eee sme an aliens U of Michigan, Radcliffe C Grad... S. Amer... 
Richey, Helen Lenore............ v Ohio Wesleyan U, Fla. State C for 

Women Grad., C of Missions (In- 

Ciania'polisy eo canine mne eter eke Japariwn ve 
Rider, Dr. Evelyn Amanda....... v Sibley H, Oberlin C, U of Penn- 

Sy Vania ae ee ee eee re Indias) 44 
Ritter, Bugabeth. yaw Mais, ele 2 Cokin b ia Ol Ney Noire Teta rained Ching ews 
Robinson, Cuthbert Cooper....... 9'U_of. Toronto, Wryeliiem hiya ek iapann. aay 
Robinson, William Elbert........ v Occidental C, Los Angeles Trs.... Cent. Am.. 
Rogers, Alison Harvey........... v Mt. Hermon S, Ohio Wesleyan U, 


Central Holiness U, Taylor U.... India..... 


Rogers, Inez Ashsah Cope (Mrs. Adrian C, v Central Holiness U and 





MISSIONARY AGENCY 


Robert College 
South Africa General 


Southern Baptist Con. 
Southern Baptist Con. 


Am. Bap. For. Miss. Soc. 
Southern Baptist Con. 
United Brethren- 


American Board 
Methodist Ch., Canada 
Canton Christian College 


. American Board 


Presbyterian, U.S. A. 

Presbyterian, South " 

S. Paulo Amer. Chamber of 
Commerce 


United Chris. Miss. Soc. 


American Board 
Presbyterian, U.S. A. 

Ch. of Eng. in Canada 
Central American 
deme ye Yearly Meet- 


Friends—Ohio Yearly Meet- i 


Alison Harvey) aie erect Wane Gra sae EE SRA ee Fadiate sae 
ROETS MHAZEL Si Hen danas letuin eters WheatonmiG aire ee ouls eeebiene Indias...) 2% Ww. M.S. Meth. Bois: 
Rosselot, Glen Taylor............ eo Otterbein iGipa yaw acura Gilets Africa... é 1. United Brethren 
Royce, Edith Marie............. Tri-State C, v Ohio Wesleyan U.... Korea..... W.F. M.S. Meth. Epis. 
Rupert, Lynn Hoover............ oBaker (Us Drews Lye le) sletes Gheteretetane India, os /cies Methodist Ceca 
Rupert, Hazel Leona Linabary 
(Mrs. Lynn Hoover)........... DO BAWETIS Fee tee hikes ethane eee India: “oy Methodist Episcopal 
Russell, Fred Lawrence.......... State C of Washington............ Egypt..... United Presbyterian 
Sadler, Annie Laura Maynard (Mrs. i 
George Woh « Meni alny Wi sets pata Wanthirop Gin Wes ue al eaeh a Africa..... Southern Baptist Con. 
St. Clair, Dr. Roy Elmer...... .. v Pomona C, U of Minnesota and M Philippines ‘American Board ; 
Schaum, Dr. Lydia Louise v York C, U of Nebraska M....... Chinaidr is W.F. M.S. Meth. Epis. 
Schaumburg, Ludwig Conrad..... v eae Trs, Grove City C, Prince- 4 
dye MUSA VCUAVE NL Lrg Raa isa tegty evada tenets Amer... Presbyterian, U.S. A; 
pcheide, (Ellen Ada wees by vv via Stats N (Peru, Neb.), Nebraska Wes- ) | 
leyan U, v Los Angeles Lest site India ya W. F. M.S. Meth. Epis. 
Schillinger, George William....... Pennsylvania C, v T of the Evan. 
i Luth Chitin Uw Sin sith iiaia ae ae Japan..... United Lutheran 
Schoen, wenatial Wyo aloe o Northwestern U. e000 5500. Ching ke. United Evangelical 
Scott {Dr Amhie Vue Weare. v State N and Ind. C (Greensboro), f : 
Woman's:M. (Phila, ene ae Chinaoaee Presbyterian, U. S. A. 
Scribner, Ethel Cynthia.......... Beloit C, v IE aaa CHYG WIC AL 
Trs (N. Y Ae GA) ON ee aes vas OA ay China..... Ye WeiC Alle 
Searcy, Mary Gertrude........... Ga. N and Ind. C, v Scarritt Trs. Japan..... Methodist Episcopal, South ; 
Seymour, Ida Mariew 000.2 ck un v CarrollC, Presbyterian H (Chicago) China Live Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
Shacklock, Robert Floyd......... v Nebraska Wesleyan U........... Japan. Methodist Episcopal ’ 
Shaw Johny Veolia nual eaten ip © OF Woosterdiick. sie aba vale imate S. Amer... Presbyterian, U.S. A.. 
Shaw, Robert Braxton........... a OberliniGe see Wahi ai = Wha China..... American Board , 
Sherriff, Edna Bernice........... v Iowa State Teachers C.......... Egypt..... Wom. Genl. M.S. United q 
Presbyterian } 
Shull, Chalmer George. .......... Mt. Morris C, v Bethany Trs...... India ica Church of the Brethren 
Shull, Mary Speicher (Mrs. Chal- 
ger George) ot Usk sans ae Mt. Morris C,v Bethany Trs...... India. .icus Church of the Brethren ! 
Simpson, Wiabel Bulg tine wise we Nebraska Wesleyan U, Nebraska M. ‘ } 
j Ett» Chicagonlrssa eae erence nda: cee W. F. M.S., Meth. Epis. 
Singer, Laura Katherine.......... State U of owas ts oe eee S. Amer... Methodist Episcopal 
Skinner, Lucy Geraldine.......... v Northfield S, Wheaton C, Ohio . 
4 . Wesleyan Us) oii. fain ai eieisvhiieris 2 China... 0: F. M. S. Meth. Epis. | 
Skinner, Marian Easter.......... PP PomonavGe ire .a wae eee ea ae India. ity Mee teelt U.S, A; : 
Smallegan, Alice Elizabeth........ v pac! Agrl. C, Bible Teachers Trs 
] ; CIN SAGE) ANE LSS te Oe rofebt: yes A Reformed Ch. in Amer. 
Smith, Herbert Irving............ Dickinson C, v Bible Teachers Trs ’ ‘ 
CNY (Cay eu eh eae Broa EEL aT Chinaie..<s Methodist Episcopal 7 
Smith, Ethel Mae Nelson (Mrs. 
Herbert lsving) UAW an INR HT StatesNies jnaecctee we ete cis Chita ie Methodist Episcopal d 
Smith, Ina Elizabeth... 00/006 U of Kansas, v Drake U Grad., C of 
Missions (Indianapolis) . Ge of es See Mexico.... United Chris. Miss. Soc. 
Smith, Stephen Lloyd............ v U of So. California, San Francisco T Philippines Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
Smith, Viola Olive Rich (Mrs. 
Stephen LiGgy dpe as Ue aid eae ees State N (Chicago), v Occidental C.. Philippines Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
Smith, William Harlan........... O Miter MatrisuQy Mamee elcid alii sale i China..... Church of the Brethren 
Smith, Frances J. Sheller (Mrs. 
William Harlan)............... Mit sMorris’ S tn ito aiaotieiees ee Ching in% Church of the Brethren 


Reformed Ch. in U. S. 





SAILED LIST—1Q20 


595 








NAME INSTITUTIONS FIELD 
DONG ATU Derb ls wk Arsenate Gwar aes Clarendon C, » Southern Meth. U.. China..... 
Souter, Charles Edward.......... oe Cornell Uli sie ur ere ere ee bie Syria.) a. 
Speiden, Evelyn................. McKinley Manual Trng. Sch., N 
(Washington, D.C.),v Baptist Trs_ 
(Phila.);sPeachers Garg usne a 4 China yeas 
camer. Jonn ‘Patil... ici ccespeaie ols © Asbury iG irs out ben aries ee ae E. Indies 
Stamer, Carrie Beisel Cable (Mrs. ! 
MONt Patil) | vi skeua bo aatoghe a Geneva C, v Grove City C......... E. Indies 
Stamps, Drure Fletcher.......... Mercer U, » So. Baptist T......... China. 
Stamps, Elizabeth Camille Belk 
(Mrs. Drure Fletcher).......... v Peace Inst 
*Starkey, Earl Franklin.......... v Lawrence C ii 
Mtecle | Wabel. Av. pace oearktane sels v eaton C : Mar 
Steininger, Russell H............. oof Michigan’ uh ooy os ciel China!) 2 
Steinmetz, Esther Catherine...... v peo N (Emporia, Kan.), Moody j 
MARAE a tre AR ULC Aa Sey Sty a. ADaNheiehel © 
Stevenson, Alpheus Waldo, Jr..... v Mt. Hermon §S, U of Pennsylvania, 
Princetony Tes sy sataeroeselee eae Amer 
Stewart, Margaret Irene.......... N (Stratford, Ont.), » Presbyterian f 
Dts CTOLONLG) see gives cite sl ere miele Tagian ices 
Strand; ROSE LY diats soe eka s 4d vlIowa State Teachers C, U of ¥ 
Mann esota sei tain ce citer a uainbltpeee ie S. Amer 
Streeter, Mary Elizabeth......... Syracuse nes v Kennedy Trs........ Chinas...) 
Stuart, Marearetescs sescne seis an v Epworth H Soa Bend), Bible 
eachers irs (Ni Val Ci) cca TIA Neal 
LUNE s teh Claricease.cinuielere lacs Wesleyan U, v Cornell U Grad., Gar- 
TOCE LTS ojo Ma ihe nomenon, hele Otnease S. Amer... 
Summer, Benjamin Franklin...... v vee Mavs C, Hebron S, Bethany He 
MSP ath hs Hae eRe uaa thE atacelmieta cae ndia. 
Sutherland, Francis Campbell..... v McGiil U aN Grad., Diocesan T.. China..... 
Swanson, Augusta,..........008- OMood ye Teste ta cy sustaletsia orsbnit tees PBntaht: Welle uea 
Swanson, Mary Elizabeth........ P Bloni@ Hewes Dita etre leven, India yh 20 
Szember, Elizabeth Clara......... Victoria H (London), Bible Teachers 
LT SLUN akin Co) a evi creitta armen pitts india. ts 
Taylor, Dr. Alan Boardman..:... vU of Vermont and M............ African) ¢ 
Teagarden, Lyrel Grace.......... Bethany C, »C of Missions Grad. 
, (Indianapolis) Ai Git MAM pS ere eee rat China... 5. 
Tebay, Merna Almira............ Irving Cie Grove, City Cannas W. Indies 
PHNeCAer TAT VEY. oN iene crn 6 als North Western C, v Evangelical T.. Japan.... 


Thede, Viola Maude Wendt (Mrs. 


ETAT vey) creomiiiber ve tele gialend ave n's North Western C, » Evangelical T.. Japan..... 
Thomas, Mabel Munsell (Mrs. 

Harlan ys aiemee cones baa 6 v iar worn Cy Kansas City Une Africa..... 
Throne, John Emery............. eo McPherson. Cindi aia ts ects tard cre Malaysia 
kn Oe Della S. Vaniman (Mrs. 

JohneBmery ini e. coi tewlect ces veMePhersoniCuivere aden octumakis Malaysia. . 
Thurston, Esther WICEOTICN as. dolce State N (New Britain, Conn.), 

; Boston tags alecy Aaah ue Naas Japan's ss 
PLAttiS (atACe TICE sete oss) dks v Eugene Bible U, U of Oregon..... Japan..... 
Dompkinsy Blan Ae aie wn siek'a es v Hastings C, U of Wisconsin Grad. 
U of California Grad............ ”S. Amer 
ML OT RESON WEBLO t a Mitre pieces! sais) PMO Tesi Cees we skies waela dales China). ast 
*Townsend, H. Geraldine......... 7 Albion! Cartes shen ar enccaer eta China 
*Treman, Robert Carleton........ Cornell U, wBible Teachers Trs 
NoYes CH) rel eceaboreuchh iano bet ne Chinaatn s. 
Tresham, Amber Evelyn......... 7 Chicago\Evan. Insti. jon. s eee nts india s)-!4. 
Trivett, ones BOWYDEs see's s0.0)5'0 v.Toronto General H, Toronto U... China..... 
Turner, Lila: Mariana cs. sei...) 2 Temple U, v Baptist Trs (Phila.)... W. Indies 
Tuttle, Melson Sabinas........... U_of Pennsylvania, vUnion T, 
Wéachers.C Gradicer. wacom seas Chinatern 
Wriver, Jamesn ely nacre. vas /e «+ vU ph Mississippi, Princeton T..... Korea..... 
Valentine, oe Ae Ner aie si sis.c v U of Penn. i, Moledo: Heine wee 6 China ster. 
*Vandergrift PLANCESIO ea tee on a eCincwnatl Trawsvececs cee S. Amer 
Vandertill, Elizabeth............. Sil Oh Michigan tls meri axes China sac. 
Van Hooser, Ruby Merritt....... v Athens C, U of Chicago Grad., 
MCATIMECAL TS Mehler nel chreilan a Japan sows 
Van Slyke, Lawrence Prescott..... MLOpATy GC PATDUTrhd 1 elena: Mexico 
Van Slyke, Mabel Catherine Nash 

(Mrs. Lawrence Prescott)...... O@: Northwestern Ul wiecsaiss adieascaan Mexico 
Veals, Howard James............ DMC Master Uiian vrs eee nie ate saoaeseia Chinas) vs 
Vroman, Harold Earl............ PALGSRATCCIES (LTS slaty ete cnet eit S. Amer 
Vroman, Irma Edna Nesmith (Mrs. 

Harold Marly sce cis a vene SE OSPATICCICS hI TS tne elsria tele airs c S. Amer 
Walborn, Ivy Grace... o.oo Urbana U, » C of Wooster......... China. 2. 
Walters, Dallas Mansfield........ 9 James C, McCormick T.......... Philippines 
Walters, Ellis Phillip............. v Dakota Wesleyan U............. Se AMET sss 
Walters, Clara Thompson (Mrs. 

EIS) PRD peti sects desk alee cote» v Dakota Wesleyan U............. S. Amer 
*Warner, Emma Ethel........... D Ba Ker ree) hs ta tuieieels ere ctaten ee India. 
Warren, McKinley Harold........ DUCOTURAUSASHERE Gy on teh tics che te S. Amer 
Warren, Vanetta Bakley Hosford 

(Mrs. McKinley Harold)....... PUL Ow KaAnsasweaes «cles caracasine si S. Amer. 
Washburn, Judson S............. Pi SVTACUBE Ue warine stents ala cavnate Tei Pohecw 





. Wom. Bd 


MIssIonARY AGENCY 


Methodist Episcopal, South 
Syrian Protestant College 


Woman’s Baptist F. M.S. 


. Methodist Episcopal 


. Methodist Episcopal 
. Southern Baptist Con. 


Southern Baptist Con. 


.. Methodist Episcopal 


Canton Christian College 
Methodist Episcopal 


Evangelical Assn. 


. Presbyterian, U.S. A. 


Presbyterian Ch., Canada 


... Mackenzie College 
BY Wis, eA 


Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
Methodist Episcopal 


. Church of the Brethren 


Church of the Nazarene 
Scandinavian Alliance 
Scandinavian Alliance 


United Lutheran 
American Board 


United Chris. Miss. Soc. 

. H. M. Presb., 
UaSe Ay 

Evangelical Assn. 


Evangelical Assn. 


United Brethren 


. Methodist Episcopal 


Methodist Episcopal 


W. F. M.S. Meth. Epis. 
American Board 


. Presbyterian, U.S. A. 


Norwegian Miss. Soc. 


. Methodist Episcopal 


Methodist Episcopal 
Church of the Nazarene 
Ch. of Eng. in Canada 


. Wom. Bapt. Home Miss. Bd. 


Y.M..C. A. 
Presbyterian, South 
Methodist Episcopal, South 


. Methodist Episcopal 


W. F. M.S. Meth. Epis. 
Methodist Episco ale South 


. Presbyterian, U. 
. Presbyterian, U. S. A 


Methodist Ch., Canada 


. Bolivian Indian 


. Bolivian Indian 


Reformed Ch. in U. S. 
Presbyterian, U.S. A 
Methodist Episcopal 


. Methodist Episcopal 


W.F. M.S. Meth. Epis. 


. Methodist Episcopal 


Methodist Episcopal 


: | Methodist Episcopal 


506 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


NAME INSTITUTIONS FIELD MIssIONARY AGENCY 
Watson, Harriett Luella.......... v lowa State Teachers C........... Chinas; ia. W. F. M.S. Meth. Epis. 
*Watson, Sarah Pressly.......... Hollins C, v Teachers C and Grad.. .......... VEE LOE Te 5 
Weiss, Ellen Ruth............... o Towa: state Cul yer). Semen ts Japan ves. W.F. M.S. Meth. Epis. 
*Weller, Daniel Maxie. caw ten vC of Wooster, Oberlin C, U of 
Chicagod eat cei ne hs cee aor Hawaii.... Hawaiian Evan. Assn. 
Wencke, Doris Rebecca.......... Indiana State N, v neues U, West- , 
j ern State N (Mich. ote Fe Luibietre te esa India AIAG c W. F. M. S. Meth. Epis. 
Wengert, Georgia E....... 00.000 v Moody Mae Bible ees 1 Trs } 
CNGEY Get Seanad Sierras ae Inia tea Wom. Genl. M. S. United 
Presbyterian 
West, Nellie, Maudie fii fis jas) oi-1 Harris Teachers C, » Chicago Trs... India..... W. F. M.S. Meth. Epis. 
Wheeler, Bernice Abbie.......... v Smith C, Boston U Grad......... China elo. W. F. M.S. Meth. Epis. 
Whipple, Edna May............. State N (Bellingham, Wash.), Eu- 
gene Bible U, v U of Oregon, C of . ; 

q Missions (Indianapolis)......... China..... United Chris. Miss. Soc. 
Whiteley, Miriam Frances........ Dickinson C, U of ene hae Grad., 

t y v Bible Teachers Trs (N. Y. C.).. S. Amer... W. F. M.S. Meth. Epis. 
Whitford, Marian Terry.......... VOVIACUSE Use kill eles ee etl Ghina ss W. F. M.S. Meth. Epis. 
Wiens Berard Ege ie ier ue. York Ci ai@abor Gas en eee China...) Mennonite Brethren 
Wiens, Sarah Lohrenz (Mrs. Ber- 

RGD ES) Ga ht eee eM ei foie Wie York: G, W@abor Cm. sorte coimierianets China..... Mennonite Brethren 
Wight, Rannie Barn ie ay chars v Clof Woostetiis nen mieniineieearee Chita alee Presbyterian, U.S. A 
Wigton, Elizabeth Lowry (Mrs. : 

CharlesiB ieee teil v Ohio Wesleyan U, Brooklyn M.E.H. China..... Methodist Episcopal 
Wiley, Walter Bradford.......... v Dartmouth, Ce eee os Turkey.... American Board 
Wilkins, Dr. Elizabeth M. Reese. . Goucher C, »v Johns Hopkins M.... India..... United Lutheran 
*Williams, George Arthur........ v*Loronto| Bible \C, Knox) Tak 3.) cu. Japani.... Presbyterian Ch., Canada 
*Williams, Ethel M. Foote (Mrs. ‘ 

George Arthur) Aedes: HIKE! Anse a Ae 9 Toronto) Bible: Cunha. woken Japan.s: Presbyterian Ch., Canada 
Williams, Ruth Clarice........... v Wellesley C, oe Inst., Presby- 

terian H (N. ¥ Ce eee aN Ching sine Presbyterian, U.S. A. 
Winn, Margaret Dennis.......... v Gordon Trs, State N (Fitchburg, 

Mass)) ie ey CN nese ihe tere Chinas... Woman's Baptist F. M. S. 
Winter, Charles Edward.......... »v C of Pacific, Boston U T......... Chinaseens eS As Episcopal 
Witham, LoisEmily iene eau seicier.. v Kansas State April. C....5......60. Chinave see W. F. M.S. Meth. Epis. 
Witmer, Minnie Clark........... Presbyterian H (Phila. ay » Bible 

Teachersulrs CN wy Cv oineuen Ching ssc s Presbyterian, U. S. A. 
Wood, Chester Frank............ 0 Colby CiNewtonit ee iueeiaoe Chita aan Am. ‘Bap. For. Miss. Soc. 
Wood, Dorothy Shaw (Mrs. Chester } 

Frank) eA ERAS hap Sate ove te lee v Jackson C, Tufts C Grad........ Chinat 2s. Am. Bap. For. Miss. Soc. 

Woodruff, Sadie Juliet........... Tri-State C, State N (Greensboro), 
v Mich. State N (Ypsilanti)...... Indiage. 5. W. F. M.S. Meth. Epis. 
Wright, Ruth Priscilla........... v Western C for Women, Spry Sch. 
OL, Musics) i kiieiieis satevcinte te seks Chinas... Presbyterian, U. S. A. 
York, Zella iM (ss) xaayeotarse ss ia.0 p Allegheny Coa sct cs meee oe eee S. Amer... Methodist Episcopal 
Yost, Helen Rosetta............. Drexel Inst., National Trs, v Union F 
TE rsi(Brooklyn el ie ae ett Africae. psi Woman's Baptist F. M. S. 
Leabillea Willian el telelcrese te eine ale v Central Holiness U, U of Denver 

) Grads Tish anaes ie nein Ueda India fou. Methodist Episcopal 
Ziemann, Percy Patton........... » Woodstock C, McMaster U, Crozer y ; 

} Mt EA eS AV a ie ee OTE Japan..... Am. Bap. For. Miss. Soc. 
Zimmerman, Arthur Franklin..... v McKendree C, Columbia U Grad., j i 

; Drewi Tae uns is lselsie New Guin S. Amer... Methodist Episcopal 
Zimmerman, Edna Drayton (Mrs. 

Arthur Branklin}e cues cee. Greenville C, » Cincinnati Trs...... S. Amer... Methodist Episcopal 
Zwick, Dr. William Walter....... Ohio State U, So. Baptist T, » U of 

Lowisville, Mas), «6 bites oiisteate Chinaty acs. Am. Bap. For. Miss. Soc. 





SAILED! VOLUNTEERS FOR 1921 


In the table abbreviations have been used as follows: C=College; H =Hospital; M=Medical; N =Normal; 
S=Secondary School; T=Theological; Trs=Bible, Deaconess and Missionary Training School; U =University; 
v=Volunteered at. 

t Short-term Missionaries. 

*Volunteers sailed before 1921; names reported here for the first time. 


NAME INSTITUTIONS FIELD MissIoNARY AGENCY 
FA COIVIS MG Wative tot dlerese sie Octet t Mt. Hermon 5S, C of Wooster, 
MeCormick TD auii etitinyemresesiens ie BISOLED a1 ai) s Presbyterian (North) 
Adams, Susan Comstock (Mrs. U of Wisconsin, Wesley Memorial 

HAWATG) Seeticdi us elu elcieits iiss ie 3% Etyig Chicago [rs tverspersj-tlecieteaeets Korea..... Presbyterian (North) 

Ainslie, Charles Albert........... Occidental C, » Pomona C, U of 

CahtjStantord Uilirnesdas vasteiee S. Amer... Presbyterian (North) 
Albrecht, Helen Ruth............ Ohio Wesleyan: Ulisse scalecters oiekaa.e Japanieae. Methodist Epis., Woman’s 
Albrecht, Martin Philipp......... Elmhurst, C, 9. Hden Tay. ei, Dardaaens 4 4 Evangelical Synod 
Allen, Jrlia Prances fesse stertes ass v Mt. Holyoke C, C of Missions.... China..... Christian, United (Disciples) 
Allen, Walter Kendall............ gikichmond. Cy, YaievUi Paice «jae Indiay ))..). Baptist (Northern) 
Allen, Mary Beulah Nock (Mrs. ! 

iWialter Kendalt}inesioes ose ste'4s ct Woman’s C of Richmond.......... Tndia agen Baptist (Northern) 

Alter, Samuel Neale............. Maryville C, Grove City C, v West- ! 

ern T, U of Edinburgh Grad..... SYTIAL as sis Presbyterian (North) 
PAI GLCHIeT UA Cates Seta 5 fare. /0) s:eieas sietels v Syracuse U, Biblical T (N. Y. C.) China..... Presbyterian (North) 
Anderson, Claus Oscar........00. NorthsPark/ Coy piace aaclsc none sets Chima os4/3. Swedish Mission Covenant 
Anderson, Palmer Ingvald........ Uvof Alberta;9 Luther: Taine sce Chinaws jos Lutheran, Norwegian 
Anderson, Adelia Myrtle Rorem N (Camrose, Alta.) U of Alberta, : 

(Mrs. Palmer Ingvald)......... DIM OGAYLETSH. SS oy wace-a area laos Chinas... Lutheran, Norwegian 
*Andreasen, Paul Johannes....... IMOOC Wars eas tale Wares srasned elie toute India 2. s. Assemblies of God 
Andrew, Thurman........ Se eats Carnegie Sch. of Tech., W. Va. 

j Wesleyan: Coe e se Wiles oldies Korea..... Methodist Episcopal 
Andrew, Grace Isabelle Seem (Mrs. » Pennsylvania State C, U of Pitts- 

ME EUTINIET)) oe here ais Be ls tohel oes. «9. ee ure Grady li tects tol etesevel tie! Korea..... Methodist Episcopal 
Armstrong, Edward Warner...... Okanagan C, v McMaster U....... India). o. Canadian Baptist 
Arnold, Gladys Catherine........ v Hiram C, C of Missions.......... China..... Christian, United (Disciples) 
Atkins, Ruth Evangeline......... Chicago Mrs trae eiiesetetriacssiciee Philippines Methodist Epis., Woman's 
Atherton, Charles Ross........... State C of Washington, v C of Mis.. Africa..... Christian, United (Disciples) 
Atherton, Eva Gladys Havens Ind. State N, Indiana U, v Butler C, : 

(Mrss'Charies' Ross)... 5 0.1.0.) Crh MESSiOns tialcte tebe: shel e; ses alors Africa ss.) Christian, United (Disciples) 
Atwater, Reginald Myers......... v Colorado C, Harvard M......... €hina:.... Yale For. Miss. Soc. 
Atwater, Charlotte Martin Penfield f 

(Mrs. Reginald Myers)......... Wellesley Canes 1:6 Ota bio. salar China... . Yale For. Miss. Soc. 
Atwood, Hazel Marie............ Ripon C,vU of Michigan H....... Chingwscee American Board 
Auler, Harold Nicholas........... o Elmhurst'C, Eden T............. Cen. Am... Evangelical Synod 
Auman/John Clyde:.....3...... Elon C, v Westminster T.......... WPADAR cle Methodist Protestant 
*Austin, Harold Raymond........ v Penn. State C, Hartford T....... WASTICA’. «ves Sudan United 
Ayers, Sanford Emmett.......... WakeiForest Crcduseoccseladoosisets Chinaecen. Baptist, Southern 
Ayers, Winnie Davis Bennett (Mrs. i f q 

Sanford Emmett).............. Mississippi N, »y Woman’s Miss. Trs. China..... Baptist, Southern 
tBailey, Ewing McCready........ Monimotth © ota atatetats oye sis sis icie oe Egypt..... Presbyterian, United 
Bain, Laura Adelaide............ Prince of Wales C and N, » Gordon 

Bible: Crea crush ourtarn sale aib oe ndiawc. a. Canadian Baptist 
Bain, Mary Rachel.............. Flora McDonald C, » Assembly’s Trs China..... Presbyterian (South) 
Baird, Dr. Kenneth Allison....... vU of New Brunswick and Grad., 

DalhousiesUM Sarin we welatte sere Ching sass. Canadian Presbyterian 
Baker, David Dudrow........... Hepdelhero Ute timicie aciveaidiankes Turkey.... Robert College 
Banks, Opal Okuki Burkhardt La : f 

(Mires Gabriel:G.)attrascts a ecis's <6 v Butler C, C of Missions.......... Ema vel eves Christian, United (Disciples) 
Banton, Harold Edwin........... Dartmout a Geoiseerciacc eels cae atte Chinase. at Advent, American 
Bare, Carl Brentome..i5...- 5.05% Ohio (Wesleyan! Uni ses es cae Porto Rico Union Church 
Bare, Virginia Frances McCarty rh ; ; 

(Mrs. Carl Brenton)........... U of Louisville, v Randolph-Macon C Porto Rico Union Church 
Barker, Joseph Edmund.......... v Yale U and T, McCormick T..... China..... Nanking University 
Barksdale, William Anderson..... Randolph-Macon C............... W. Indies.. Methodist Epis., South 
Barland, Agnes Louise........... Oberlin C, Columbia U Grad., Johns __ 4 

isQojal lates eh OG Han cparicer obs Siam ce <leie Presbyterian (North) 
Barns, Helen Virginia......... Rete VVEStIV IN @INION Wi sraisirarciatale were ratee cele Japan..... Methodist Protestant 
Baer) Grlentl. ROBS se ce sieiacl|s esis s ate PAMG SEI y ie ishere slalsiel siete re icie ghelsya 4 S. Amer... Methodist Episcopal 
Barratt, Clifford Irene........... v Winthrop N and Ind. C, Woman’s ; ‘ 
IMISSINE TS Mrevaleesicte aiotte ete aie tee China... . Baptist, Southern 
Barrington, Harriet Amelia....... v Denison U, Vassar C, Lakeside H, : j 
HasseléinesI rsa)... osc ete. nines Indias. s Baptist (Northern), Woman’s 
Bates, Eugenia Lillian........... N (Dauphin, Man.), » Methodist Trs : 
(RGTOnEO) Meeincterecvarie leferaernista’stehs Japan..... Canadian Methodist, Woman’s 
Beard, Phebe Kinney............ Oberhin Can eoicesisc saac sss China...4.. American Board 
Beatty, Harold Edwin........... Transylvania C,v Bethany C...... Japan... Independent 
Beatty, Elsie Louise Mullen (Mrs. __ 
Harold a with) stk cases seis ccs» Hiram C, v Bethany C...... Sashes pan Peltor Independent 
seriby plestbiG a ak ale visice tine ea stem Assembly Seles ieciisliciate see Cs sle.e exico.... Presbyterian (South) 
Bechtold, Anna Dorothea......... U of Kansas, » Moody Trs......... Cen. Am... Evangelical Synod 
*Becknell, Harvey Earl.......... PAS let agers ite iavelereks alsisiayensie ave) 0) Hawati.... /Y. M:. C..A. 
*Becknell, Anna Bernice Lehman a 
(Mrs. Harvey Earl)............ 9 Goshen C.........eseeceseseens Hawaii.... Y.M.C.A. 


507. 


508 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


NAME INSTITUTIONS FIELD 


Beckwith, Lizzie Allan Wilson 


MISSIONARY AGENCY 


(Mrs) Prank S:ya cit tee eee Urat Porontoy ans ieee eee India..... Canadian Presbyterian 

*Beenian) Norval sy eos anew ke v Oberlin C and Grad., U of Chicago 

Grad iis) pci va actelesunits citer tae China .'s.4 Methodist Episcopal 
Bell, Henry Roy....... BSG Gia ss CrofiEmporial eave cs oh pene ate Philippines Presbyterian (North) 
Bell, Edna Pearl Elliott (Mrs. 

Henry ROy ei heceiemieine wie eeole GClof Bmporia sibaacietts digrisiveieerelenne Philippines Presbyterian (North) 
Bell, William «Wesley a. jaselicitai Wiese AS DULY, Cries alent aie amit tenr se te India..... Methodist Episcopal 
Bell, Rosetta Gempler (Mrs. Wil- 

TamiWesley) sole cme ate lacieis ine Asbury (Cand ehes iain et ote eset oielletalas Indias: Methodist Episcopal 
Benard Helen May saccs tsiwtae 6 vies Bowling Green N, » Cincinnati Trs, : 

ORI Ue eer sie te Neer em ee S. Amer... Methodist Epis., Woman's 
Bendiksen, Jennie Olsen (Mrs. »v Northwestern Trs (Minneapolis), 

Bdwin Maye ee aes eee Rochester Lic stom aie ere ele Africa..... Assemblies of God 
Bennett, Allen Lee.............. v Bible Trs (Los Angeles).......... Africa..... Brethren (Progressive) 
Berckman, James Hart H........ Cumberland C, v Vanderbilt U T... China..... Methodist Epis., South 


Berckman, Margaret Ruth Rice 


(Mrs. James Hart H.).......... Falkville N, v Athens C........... China. ..': 
Beste Ouse ear elite fades Vatebeles ote ly Ya Lander Cie 'Scarritt: Trs eee on S. Amer... 
Bittner, Dr. Linus Herman....... v Reed C, U of Oregon and M...... E, Indies. . 
Blackwell, George Ezra.. vowed, Colgate, Newton: ditesctiics cnc India... 
Blackwell, Edith Verne Goetsch ih i 

(Mrs. George Ezra) ..).0 ys v Lawrence C, Illinois H........... Tradialsuse 
Blickenstaff, Miles.............6+ Bethany Trs, v McPherson C...... China,... 
Blickenstaff, Ermal Thorne (Mrs. 

Miles) (act sabe ta one Seems bela te ui aea'p | Trs, v McPherson C...... China... 
Bloodworth, Jessie Athen......... DU. of, Oktary Searritt brs nse eca ie ire Pls 
Boardman, Edwin Lh SER CbeCy Sta ute v Ashland C, Biblical T (N. Y. C.)... Amer... 
Boggs, Dr. Arthur Gordon........ Dartmouth ce v Harvard M....... Pad mets 
Booker, Alice Kate... s/s .).)0). U of Toronto, v Biblical T (N. Y. C.) S. Amer... 
*Bouick, Frank Jackson.......... v Occidental ‘of San Francisco T.... S. Amer... 
Boyer, Elmer George............. U of Oregon, v Eugene Bible U, C of 

MisSiOHS).4, tes ie ails Coase Ok Africa, ii 
Bray, Charles Edwin............ Toronto BiblaiG os woes ot elses Africa sad: 
Bray, Amy Margerate Smith (Mrs. t 

CharlesiBdwinyiy ee ele nate Toronto BiplerG la cenuuie sci lenstele Africa)... 
Breche ty Riora Are wee ey sie one sa steers v Houghton S, Pacific C Grad...... ALTICS). « <s 
Brewer, Raymond Rush.......... v Dickinson C, Boston U T........ China. 5. 
Briault, Harry George........... Moody Tire e052 Was ae wae eee Fai S. Amer... 
Briault, Frieda Winifred Hunter 

(Mrs. Harry George)........... Moody, Pres iiee mae arceteniett adele: stare S. Amer... 
Brocker ,Ellen Elizabeth......... Okla. A. and M. C, » Moody Trs... Japan.... 
Brogden, Ura Amoiyie ns oi. e's Cumberland U,vLane T.......... China.... 
Brotzman, Margaret Elizabeth.... v Oberlin C, Lakeside H........: So VASCA sity 
Brower, Cornelia Leverich........ v Winthrop N and Ind. C, Woman’s 

IMis6./Trs fm eae Cie er ee S. Amer.. 
Brown, Dr. Chauncey Fairfield.... v Park C, Cornell U M............ Chins wee 


Brown, Callie Ethel Wright (Mrs. 


Methodist Epis., South 
Methodist Epis., South 
Methodist Episcopal 
Baptist (Northern) 


Baptist (Northern) 
Brethren, Church of 


Brethren, Church of 
Methodist Epis., South 
Brethren (Progressive) 
Baptist (Northern) 
Canadian Baptist 
Presbyterian (North) 


Christian, United (Disciples) 
Sudan Interior 


Sudan Interior 

Methodist, Wesleyan 
Methodist Episcopal 

Evan. U. of So. Amer. : 


Evan. U. of So. Amer. 
Methodist Protestant 
Presbyterian (North) ] 
Presbyterian (North) © ; 


. Baptist, Southern 


Presbyterian (North) 





Chauncey Fairfield)............ v Park C, Biblical T (N.Y. C.).... China..... Presbyterian (North) 
Bruce, Elizabeth Gordon......... v Kindergarten NiC(NZY;: ©) spore tiles China..... Reformed in America 1 
Buchanan, Daniel Crump........ Fredericksburg C, Wash. and Lee U ; 
Grad., v Union T (Richmond), 4 
MeoCormick (Doe ae aie Japan..... Presbyterian (North) - 
Buchanan, Katharine Baetjer (Mrs. " 
Daniel Crump) neekinnerie nieces Wellesley iG nue tiem siarsic ayers Ra ae Japan..... Presbyterian (North) j 
MEUrys Loliza Detiy HAMM sie sie ules sc Memorial H (Pawtucket, R.I.).... Turkey.... Near East Relief P 
Byram Wr ROY Mack rss ks sae v Occidental C, U of California M, . ' 
Wiroiiexas Mio suite asda a Korea..... Presbyterian (North) 
Byram, Bertha Elvira Stanley f 
(Mirs:/Roy./Mack)e). tie aikva le sis v Whittier C, Occidental C......... Korea..... Presbyterian (North) 
Cabot, Mary Geraldine.......... Radcliffe C, St. Thomas H (London), 
5 v Boston Lying In H............ China..... Protestant Episcopal 
Callbeck, Ada Louise............ Prince of Wales C, » Methodist Trs 
(Eoronta)y io ner Payal certo ae ford Japan..... Canadian Methodist, Woman’ 
Cameron, George Bruce.......... v Lewiston S, Muskingum C, Mani- 
toba, Uy, Princeton TN elie i Philippines American Bible Society 
Campbell, Harry Eugene......... CoeiG, McCormick Tees eae en India..... Presbyterian (Nérth) 
Carlson, Arvid Conrad........... North Park: Cole ton daonianer ee aaeie China..... Swedish Mission Covenant 
*Carman, Florence. .........0.0+ PW east: We @ rial teat Pitas ans ar ae bel HONS bd India..... Baptist (Northern) 
Carson, Arthur Leroy... 0.30 1.6 wel Pennsylvania State Coes ee. China..... Presbyterian (North) 


Carson, Edith Scott (Mrs. Arthur Trenton N, New York U, v Cornell 





LETOy) clei ia hae hole ene OMe oaiets LS EP eae N TI PALES Ot et me ee China.... 
Cate, Dr. William Robert........ Kentucky Wesleyan C,v Emory UM Korea.... 
Cate, Anna Marie Landress (Mrs. 

Wilkam Robert) ssa eueeee antes Agnes Scott‘ Cove ep eieecaieee ead s Korea.... 
Chamberlain, Alma Birge...... WUMVASSar CU Lie OF na enn det eae aie 8 Tndiay ios, 
*Chambers, Dorothea Nesbitt Bryn (Mawr Gries yuna see emete ben cast i 
Chapman, Henry Hamblin tis . 2/5. v Middlebury C, General T (N.Y.C.) Alaska. 
Chapman, John Griffin........... Georgetown C, v Carson-Newman C, 

Southwestern Baptisthlalsceeis Japan.... 


Chapman, Katherine Denman 


(Nest Gordon) tannin v Berkeley S, Park C, U of Calif.... Japan.... 
Chappell, Martha Jean........... Wictoria Cuties. fe Oks wi ie te Wapan.. .s2 


. Protestant hae 


Presbyterian (North) 
Methodist Epis., South 


Methodist Epis., South 
Woman’s Christian Coll. 
sit Xan Whe Rotel 

Baptist, Southern 


Presbytreian (North) 
Y. W. C. A. 





t 


SAILED LIST—IQ2I 


5°9 











NAME INSTITUTIONS FIELD MIssIONARY AGENCY 
Chazeaud, Camille Armand....... Albert C, v Presbyterian T (Mon- 

f EREAL Elo 9 Siler ea fete Mera Africa..... Presbyterian (North) 
Christensen, Magnus Dale........ U of Nebraska, v Central Holiness U Africa..... Scandinavian Alliance 
Christensen, Florence Pearl Craw- 

ford (Mrs. Magnus Dale)...... Central) Holiness. act ue rae reser Africa. .,. Scandinavian Alliance 
Christensen, Nels Jacob.......... MOodg; (Ersiacsincatets ee dpe let nate oie China..... Swedish Evan. Free 
Clark, Edward Maurice.......... v Macalester C, San Francisco T.... Japan..... Presbyterian (North) 
*Clarkc, Lola Maurillaciinrr. ise aks U of Toronto, v Methodist Trs (To- 
TONCO) eis Oe eee -aked ele Ute a anaes WADALs asin Canadian Methodist, Woman's 
Clark, Stewart Sandy............ v Mass. Agrl. C, Peabody C for 
: Teachers, Columbia U Grad..... Chinae si? Baptist (Northern) 
Clarke, Alice Annabelle.......... Toronto N, vy Moody Trs.......... S. Amer... Canadian Baptist 
Cleary Maryiiim asic rmlactest eta Ohio Wesleyan) Ui sae eae Japan Ji Methodist Epis., Woman’s 
linedida Marie yay anos aeiele aie Iowa State Teachers C...........% AGofobt nyt yayem Methodist Epis., Woman’s 
EAR G DYES TO 3 Pe Bae eae ee Ag) Moody Trs, v Central Holiness U, 
Methodist H (Des Moines), Chris- 
Han Alliance Tre uke a ee ue! Palestine.. Chris. and Miss. Alliance 
Clugston; Carl Lester. 2.555.504: Cumberland Valley State N, v Ohio 
Wesleyan U, Princeton U........ S. Amer... Methodist Episcopal 
Goapman, Vere Bye ii oi oun was U of Wisconsin, » McCormick T.... India...... Presbyterian (North) 
Coapman, Alice Francis (Mrs. 
IMELHO WT iene ese cleeetecs, cea ene ease UsohiWisconsineeiiapueutlane ielee'< Tadiare ss. Presbyterian (North) 
Coates, Walter George. .......... U of Saskatchewan, v Presbyterian 
| C Grad. and T (Saskatoon)...... Formosa... Canadian Presbyterian 
*Cochran, Mary ‘Alice:.........5; State N (Lewiston, Ida.), »C of 
Puget Sound, cack io baa Alaska.... Meth. Epis., Home, Woman’s 
Cocke; Mabel Ar ic. Gy its de we Randolph-Macon Woman's C, v Scar- 
VEE 1s ea Of ane Ce) dwn ei a Korea..... Methodist Epis., South 
Coffman, Dr. Carl Flory.......... Bridgewater C, U of Chicago, 
Northwestern U andyM........ China wie Brethren, Church of 
Coffman, Ferne Heagley (Mrs. Carl Bridgewater C, Bethany Trs, » II- 
Tat besa'Q Vie ep 8 Gi shat ne Ree ie ed el HOTS EL Ne ecu tae PU lCurs China..... Brethren, Church of 
Colbers Dri Arthupali sii cs Gustavus Adolphus C, 7 U of Min- 
NESOLALADG Mi Shale oie wae Lael ois China):... Lutheran, Augustana Synod 
*Collins, Harrold Pinkerton....... vC of Wooster, Washington and 
( Oey Jefferson’ OA eee ee UG Reema Siamias. ih Presbyterian (North) 
frolville, Minnie, 5. Al iisok ons. os Toronto Trs, v Moody Trs......... Africa..... South Africa General 
Cope, GoisViarhne ce aii. cals devs Adrian C, vCentral Holiness U, 
; aylor WeGTad aun cys ase, dae etoeke Africa..... Friends, American 
Cory, May Louise........... ass eubation Gi Osot Missions. c/s dele: China yey Christian, United (Disciples) 
Cowsert, Jack Jimmerson......... v Mississippi C, Southwestern Bap- 
LIS DA WR ae Pa bat ien ee eb eer atl S. Amer... Baptist, Southern 
Ores ey RA THA ck MA VER OT NN Southwestern Cao sida at aentetate India oi) Methodist Epis., Woman’s 
Crawford, Cedric Erroll.......... Carleton C, Bangor T, » Hartford T Mexico.... American Board 
tCressey, Paul Frederick Deritson Um ayiee ead Oe uae ator China...'.).); Baptist (Northern) 
CrosnoClaraiMay nike a. o!. 9 Phillips U) C of Missions. (05)... dapat...) Christian, United (Disciples) 
Currell, Susan McDowell... Mei Assembly SeD rst atiaeiva doe Alor cute sb Japan..... Presbyterian (South) 
Currie, Christina Helen.......... U of Toronto, » Queens U T, Pres- , 
P byteriant Tre ive We) een) ot Koreas 25 Canadian Presbyterian, 
: Women’s 
Curtice, Marie Justi. ....6004.... Moody Tra) aay rah aise fas bila aie S. Amer... Scandinavian Alliance 
Dabble Himertha oe ee, cies. we OSt-OlatiG \Lather Tian venvatelin Alaska.... Lutheran, Norwegian, Home 
Dallyn, Mary Ethel C........... Toronto Cons. of Music........... China..... Canadian Methodist Woman’s 
Davis, EdwinrBisier ec. ose. oss v Denison U, Southern Baptist T, 
Newton Tr 4 2) ara ey oath tela dentate CALS bT Babee Baptist (Northern) 
Davis, Hazel Idell Gipson (Mrs. Moores ‘Hitt C, vWoman’s Miss. ) 
edwin) Bixler\inve ema tiehyitc «5s PIRES crs sila speso anit iaate aeeis cst hs aie chao te Tdiay ie as Baptist (Northern) 
Davis, Ralph ilullyangicemleoc ss .). Mendy TSN s hak a haie'e ae te eel et alate ATriCan tine So. Africa General 
Decker, John William............ Richmond C and Grad., v Southern ; f 
Baptists land Grads oe aug s. Chinag. i Baptist (Northern) 
Deer, Waneta Maud............. Perrin delariy OM etal ka Als foes ter eee Lovetels Japan. o<. Baptist (Northern), Woman's 
DeMasur, Maria Julia........... Bible Trs (Los Angeles)........... Atricad)..). Africa Inland 
Dewey, Horace Elliott........... v Ohio Wesleyan U, Drew T, Col- L h 
beget oy VMOU SOA RMN UA ¢ AAEM Rams BUH Chinas oe Methodist Episcopal 
Dawolt Martin. sane anette sn THO MEN ery Servic plea uti le TIMARU at India 3... Reformed in America 
DeYoung, Elizabeth. ............ IMGod yin reeliiates Wise alchats aatetainl «| alecect Teves Foye Ceylon and India General 
Dinsdale, Tirza Anne............ U of Wisconsin, Lawrence C....... S:)Amer..) Ys We Ce A. 
Dodds Drastellatorn etd e wowe na Mo. Wesleyan C and Grad., vState U Y } 
‘ of Iowa M, Woman’s M Cof Pa.. India..... Methodist Epis., Woman's 
Doolittle, Jane Elizabeth......... WrelisiCe ae a onopums rik MMO Diet Persia..... Presbyterian (North) 
Dorsey, Donna Brooke........... State N (Fairmount, W. Va.), » W. ' ‘ 
Va. Wesleyan |Ciivistent« ayaiete es Japanyeca. Methodist Episcopal 
Douglas, James Baxter........... Randolph-Macon C, »v Emory U.... China..... Methodist Epis., South 
Duff, Sarah Catherine............ U of Toronto, »v Moody Trs........ Indigent Ceylon and India General 
Duncan, Marion Herbert......... Hiram C and Grad., v C of Missions China..... Christian, United (Disciples) 
Duncan, Kate Louise Habecker f wh i WR 
(Mrs. Marion Herbert)......... 9 Hiram) CC of Mission$) 3) ds «ses Chinas... Christian, United (Disciples) 
Dunham, A. Gertrude............ Business C (Orilla, Ont.), v Meth- i 
OGISt Urs GLOTONtO) vies ulare ois alone China..... Canadian Methodist, Woman’s 
MOTTaTe, COMO NRS Gid ire locate ie tele esi v Indiana State N, Taylor U....... India yas Methodist Epis., Woman’s 
Duryea, Grace Louise............ Natl. Kindergarten C and Grad. j ; ’ 
(Chicago), » Chicago Trs........ Mexico.... Methodist Epis., Woman’s 
Eaton; Delta Frances...........: State N (Los in apeleat vU_ of ‘ ( 
Californiaxeiie tate tes cue ei China lauds Methodist Episcopal 


510 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 








NAME INSTITUTIONS FIELD 
Ebersole, Stella ys ine dem ati wte Jamestown) Gy: cabinet sine eiely a India ts. 
Eccles, George BOry[tieratolel diss ele le v Spokane U, C of Missions... . Africa.. 
Eccles, Lulu Ellen. Moffitt (Mrs. Cheney State N, v State C of Wash. ; 

George Exmty)ici ats er seieleniciels Spokane U, C ‘of Missions....... " Africa..... 
Edling, Eddie Emanuel.......... v Nebraska Wesleyan U, Boston U 

iDikennedy rey tliat wae aati Africa sie 
Edling, Leila Margaret Childs » Mt. Holyoke C, Mass. General H, ! 

(Mrs. Eddie Emanuel)......... Kennedy rs yoke nee MAT DICH a asi 
Edmonds, Ernest Walter......... Victoria'C and Grad yaaa sala Chinas 
Edmonds, Lorenia May Wilson } ' 

(Mrs. Ernest Walter).......... Victoria (CP upait rt seks wissen teat, sete tae China..... 
Elhott, Edna Peart il tichieehecsvse C Of Emporia yas hanes s eve eetelese Philippines 
Biliotts James Wei aukisseis sane els Houghton Wesleyan T............ S. Amer... 
Elliott, Lura Addie Miner (Mrs. 

James A Te et CIN se Ps Pe Houghton Wesleyan T............ 8S. Amer: ;.- 
Enderson, Anna Emelia.......... Waldorf Luth. C, Norwegian Amer- 

ican H, v Moody FP Uc ahaven suns Kurdistan. 
Ensign, Anna Evelyn... /.......: » Buena Vista C, Teal StatesU/e. ic apart oud 
Eriisons) Henry Weis sijeectciciels eu lelers v Union Trs (Brooklyn), So. Baptist 

DOhio Northern! U Sa esenie Africa... . 
Eskildsen, Dr. Eskild Karl........ UW oft Nébras caliente es Cina oe 
Evans, William Grifith.......... ov. Moody) Irs} enia)) Deen arene Tavdiaete tas 
Everett, Helen Newton.......... v Mt. Holyoke C, Mass. General H. Africa..... 
tEwart, Douglas James.......... vOhio Wesleyan U, General T 

(N. Y. C.), Columbia U Grad., U ‘ 

ot Edinburgh wine cay eolneiel: india tye. 


Ewing, Ruth Bland Grimes (Mrs. 


Raymond biood) oes WieiVal Wesleyan (Groce ule India iiss s 
tEwing, Thomas Davis........... Princeton (U LRA MINM ae hae Syria 
¥Bales\ Cora wes ee soos aieie shone Iowa State N, v Cornell C, Meth- 

odist Trs (Cincinnati)........... India... 22% 
Balstad:!} Constance riser lee cls «le «fete U of Minnesota, Chicago Trs,y Ken- 
j MEGV LES eee Sys atayepet eis Pie Dings teste 
Farrior, Norman Player.......... v Davidson C, Westminster C, Union : 
(Richmond) Mono. Te ee Mexico.... 


Farrior, Hazel Lucile Black (Mrs. 


Norman (Player) sli yen ie N. Carolina C for Women......... Mexico.... Presbyterian (South) 
tFenn, Martha Wilson........... Vassar Cline in Uni rane (inveleenl| CHINA alas N. China Amer. School 
Fillingham, Ermina Gertrude..... Michigan State N, U of Michigan 

ange Grad 5 )s/sivckie eluate ae silo India: :", «cn tas oats 
Bleck Drs iWartrenDit)s las ile e/a v Simpson C, Northwestern U M. S. Amer... Methodist Episcopal 
Fleck, Blanche McCombs (Mrs. Highland Park C, vSimpson fol 
Warren L. NO ay Learn PT es Mt neds lowa Bible ite. uation eine aeretoe S. Amer... Methodist Episcopal 
Forry, Paulding Barnard........ CroliWoosterse ives wise seeelaarae S. Amer... Presbyterian (North) 
Fosnot, Pearl Beatrice........... v Nebraska Wesleyan U, Boston U 
OANA 2 Grad. WOVE Cini iscitemien NG Riel Ta eee Methodist Epis., Woman’s 
Franklin, Alice Virginia.......... Colorado C, U of Colorado, »U of _ . 
Washington Fetal a OS ame eV bs eral ene Chinavyas. Canton Christian College 
*Fredricksen, Ferdinand.......... Bible Trs (Minneapolis)........... Ching Jsaae eee an Heirs 
orway 
Freeman, Zachary Paul.......... Unions Li (Ten. iin le aialetelejeletere S. Amer... Baptist, Southern 
Fribley, Katharine Laroo......... Wesley Memorial H....... PAHS b W. Indies.. Santo Domingo, Board of 
Gamboe, Homer Pharis.......... v Transylvania C, C of Missions.... India..... Christian, United (Disciples) 
Gamboe, Martha Frances Waller » Transylvania C, C of Missions, 

(Mrs. Homer Pharis).......... Butler. CiGradss acorn memeiccise ne India s.'5<!. Christian, United (Disciples) 
tard: Sanford Wayne........... Tlinois (GPae ea eee coe clea eete Indiaiqac: Baptist (Northern) 
Gardner, Emma Eve..........00: Converse C, v Assembly’s Trs...... Japans. <n Presbyterian (South) 
Garrett, Mina Everett........... Ba viora igs rrale miovotelele cleistelalcneeieitees China..... Baptist, Southern 
Gary, Helen) Alma sane ieee bis Wellesley © soni. ie steals waela Manes S. Amer... Methodist Episcopal 
Geis; Emma Lena se die abe arose v Denison U, Mass. General H..... Tndia eis. Baptist (Northern), Woman’s 
Gerrard, Herbert Allan........... Toronto Bible| Can eelwane eee ae S. Amer... San Pedro 
Gibbs, Charles Shelby............ Bates:G,2, Yale\U Grad wa auoe ue China yoit% Baptist (Northern) 

Gibbs, Myrtle Louisa Aldrich (Mrs. 
Charles Shelby) oye mtrsyesieteleret- lore a Colby. C, Yale U Grad. . oi 0 3. i China. ..%. Baptist (Northern) 
Glass, Martha Clementine........ Monmouth C2220) ceca cee cok Egypt..... aihisle tet United, 
omen’s 
Glover, Henry Thomas........... Bible Trs (Los Angeles)........... Ceylon.... Ceylon and India General 
Gormley, Mary Elizabeth........ N (Truro, N. S.), » Methodist Trs 
(Toronto) eae siaietem atone teehee China2 ssa Canadian Methodist, Woman’s 
Gotwald, Luther Alexander....... v Pennsylvania C, Lutheran T } 

’ (Gettysburg) oe an ee ee SPR bots ht Ae tye Lutheran, United 
Gould) Olive Marita ete stsieyele(csslsbola's Cornell: Connie lem inten ters Fore 46 Indigiek: vies Methodist Epis., Woman's 
Grayson, Harriett Alda.......... v Meredith C, Woman’s Miss. Trs, 

j Ruthertord Hei. wna eee e Chinase nies Baptist, Southern 
Greene, Dr. Phillips Foster....... Amburst C, Harvard M.......... Turkey.... American Board 
Greene, Ruth Peabody Altman 

(Mrs. Phillips Foster).......... Wellesley. sii tin): ae hm oe Turkey.... American Board 
t{Greenlee, Wendell William....... Princeton UG ijejavsisilehpuaterd area sie te S. Amer... Presbyterian (North) 
Grennan, Elizabeth Mary........ U_of Michigan H, v2 Blodgett 

Memorial Frain Wee oe Onis Philippines Methodist Epis., Woman's 
Griesemer, Ruth Gorham......... v Goucher C, C of Missions........ India..... Christian, United (Disciples) 
fin Alta irenes. Ce soared ae (6 Tuscola County N, Farrand H., 


gs Chicago. TTS) cnitaaee ecu: ee Indiaic.s/s 


MISSIONARY AGENCY 
Methodist Epis., Woman's 


. (Christian, United Disciples) 


Christian, United (Disciples) 
Methodist meer 


Methodist Episco 
Canadian Methodi 


Catathan “Methodist 
Presbyterian (North) 
Evan. Union of So. Am. 
Evan. Union of So. Am. 


Lutheran, Inter-Synod 
Presbyterian (North) 


Baptist (Northern) 
Lutheran, Danish, United 
Baptist (Northern) 
Methodist Episcopal 
Lutheran, United 


Baptist (Northern) 
American Univ., Beirut 


Methodist Epis., Woman's 
Methodist Epis., Woman's 
Presbyterian (South) 


Methodist Epis., Woman's 





SAILED LIST—IQ2I 511 








NAME INSTITUTIONS FIELD MISSIONARY AGENCY 
tGriffiths, Walter Denison........ v Princeton U, Teachers C (N. Y. C.) India..... Presbyterian (North) 
Grimes Abdwin Ji} <a eee eee Bele Bmory Uy ae eae see see lato @hina We Methodist Epis., South 
*Grissett, Katherine Young Dog- 

gett (Mrs. Binley Mies aun Bible Teachers Trs (N. Y. C.)..... Africa. .... Presbyterian (North) 
Gren OUvOSS eek 5 asain cs eG v Moody Trs, Harris Teachers C.... China..... Lutheran, Evan., Synod of Mc. 
Golick; Leedsig 82 22 Sse etan sas Oberlin C, v Y.M.C.A. Trs (Chicago) japan yeas American Board 
Gurshi) Bertha, soe aoitie es oes Lutheran N (Madison, Minn.)..... Chinay sea) Lutheran, Norwegian 
Haggard, Esther Margaret........ Butler C, » Drake U, C of Missions China..... Christian, United (Disciples) 
Haines, Margaret Wistar......... v Drexel Inst., Bible Trs (Los 

( :. Anoeles) ie anias eee el rere Cee India ee Woman’s Union Miss. Soc. 
*Hand, Katharine Whitney...... He, AWE) sop bhao PR Othe Rr Ae ea UR nag A tk MEME Chinarse. Presbyterian (North) 
Hargrave, Catherine Victoria..... Ripon Cao rAc era eeealarelges we folate Andagy tarts American Board 
Harris Annet Rubin seas es aces Westhampton C, Y. W. C. A. Trs.. China..... Baptist (Northern), Woman’s 
ElarrishiRtath: Maidieey cits stein sels N (Winnipeg), » Moody Trs....... Ching ae China Inland (Toronto) 
Hart, John WA bie tin ne ao 2 pee eRe Brandon Coty aes cia tiateisas bles Endia<).\.".). Canadian Baptist 
Hart, Jean Ferguson Cameron 

(Mrs. PPO) Rei wate harris states Brandon Gy Bait aaahidelseretalnerey LG steht SBE Canadian Baptist 
Harwood, Harry Joseph.......... AsburyCrand iene uot tas sche ae Reva heey yo ae Methodist Episcopal 
Harwood, Alma Rachel Thomas 

(Mrs. Harry Joseph)........... AS bury Cth ayers cee sha etaisie erste a tiels Tndialyaeey Methodist Episcopal 
Hastings, Edgar Charles.......... Lebanon Valley, Gio cieus gaat Hawaii.... Mills School 
Watch, Duane Spencer........... giCornell, Uny Yale Misa settccista cece. India)... TY VEO AY 
Hawkins, Worat len wind 5 diets dc eiei6 N. Texas State N, U of Louisville, 

v Woman’s Miss. Trs, Baylor U.. S. Amer... Baptist, Southern 
Hawkins;:Ola (Clarice :ii\.4) jee css > Kansas Wesleyan U.,...).......... Chinas .i Methodist Episcopal 
Hawkins, Ruth Rebecca.......... N (St. Cloud, Minn.), Northwestern 

Disa Mis) Watoy Ant Dd rsui eae went: hina snus Chris. Miss. in Many Lands 
Hawilinss oaltier@pe. seek cee o/s ae Trois) Fito nae A eR eS tees Philippines Methodist Epis., Woman's 
Hawkins, Thomas Benton........ Roanoke C, »Richmond C, U of 

Louisville, So. Baptist T......... S. Amer... Baptist, Southern 


Hawkins, Lou Ellen Combs (Mrs. 


Thomas Benton). le os os v Judson C, Woman’s Miss. Trs.... S. Amer... Baptist, Southern 
Hayes, Edward Pearce........... v Johns Hopkins U, Drew T....... China). . 3); Methodist Episcopal 
Hayes, Grace Christine........... v U of Vermont, Northfield S..... Naw hina het 2). Presbyterian (North) 
Hayes, Paul Goodman........... v Union Trs (Brooklyn), Franklin , D 
and Marshall C, Boston U T..... Chinaaint. Methodist Episcopal 
tHayes, William Brewster........ Oregon) Agrini Cane ees cre falas India... Presbyterian (North) 
*Heather, Eunice Grace.......... U of Toronto, » Methodist Trs Swanson ‘ 
(Foronto) SE nae eraie sate Bay, B.C.. Canadian Methodist, Woman’s 
Hellyer, Clara Bernice.....: Siaereet McMaster U and Grad............ India ios! Canadian Baptist 
Hendrick, Gorattin wi etniasione as State N (Springfield, Mo.), vU of ' j 
Southern! Californian siios ae Ae Mexico.... Friends, American 
Hendricks, Kenneth Charles...... v Eugene Bible U, U of Oregon, C ; y Whe 
OL Missions hia yt holler iene ea Japan. 6 Christian, United (Disciples) 
Hendricks, Grace Paul (Mrs. Ken- » C of Idaho, Eugene Bible U, C of ad ‘ ee 
neth Charies) Se ORE AICO SIE IGE IMASSIONS A.A Bete eta dchenetletnleve a sues apate sdk’. Christian, United (Disciples) 
Henry, Duncan Chester.......... v Monmouth C, Iowa State C...... Africas. 3.3 Presbyterian, United 
Henry, Emma Frances Handy ‘ ; 
(Mrs. Duncan Chester)........ oGrnnells Cr Cornell: Ce ausiateraye eters ALricae se. Presbyterian, United 
Henry, Victor Percival cii<6.\-. v Kingswood C, Western Kentucky __ f } 
bate wNHinorye Ulcrstalacbuate cle ale Africa..... Methodist Epis., South 
Hepperly, Hattie Hazel.......... v Nebraska Wesleyan U, U of Nebr. India..... Methodist Epis., Woman’s 
Hillman, Alice Mary........0.... Ohio Wesleyan U, vJohns Hop- , ‘ 
Vetalsils Ween ey AL aS OER So CI Chinas. o6 2 Methodist Episcopal 
Hinds, Roscoe Emerson.......... v Butler _C, C of Missions, Iowa ie ! vig 
State, CAMs aulyeheuue mantereian en Mexico.... Christian, United (Disciples) 
tHodges, Burt Taylor............ Denison Uist eHse aan eles Syne hee Ny S. Amer... Methodist Episcopal 
Hodson; Janet Bdnasense.c5.. 0. Kansas State Neale sacle tela isis Indianitie. Presbyterian (North) 
Holder, Edith Ethel............. Moronto BibleiGy erence vise erelalslere Ching, } ye China Inland Jie 
*Holland, Frederick Ernest....... MGod y Ris HER e. Whstaiteyere eicteey eer) oss Africa... . Lutheran, Evang., Leipzig 
Holroyd, "Waldie Alexander....... v Hiram C, Ohio State U, Union T, 
Columbia U. Grads hie sn see China... Y. M.C. A. \ 
Hoon, Zarra. Sees peieaiees = o. sie:5\« Whittier C, v Bible Trs (Los Angeles) India..... aged ser United, 
omen’s 
Hoople, Dr. Gordon Douglass..... Syracuse’ U) and) Mii 2 so cake vies «6 China..... Methodist Episcopal 
Hoyle, Maud Elizabeth........... v Bonebrake T, Springfield H...... Africare. United Brethren 
Hubbard, Clement Evans........ MOT y) Wiiatic waniena a ereiats te alata ress S. Amer... Methodist Epis., South 
Hughes, Florence Pauline......... v Greensboro C, Moody Trs........ Koreas .e. Presbyterian (South) 
Full Charles i Daniela ote <a. < oer. Cornell U, v Bible Trs (Los Angeles) Africa..... Sudan Interior 
Humphreys, Vicy Viola.......... v Southwestern Baptist T, Simmons | ! 
COM Ro SAN, RIOT AUN | eaten etisblaval ane sate Chinen aes Baptist, Southern 
Hunsberger, Dr. Reba Cuthbert... »v U of Pennsylvania, Women’s M ) : 
POLY USA eA Wate) en TN Patel they Tndiatta.rs « Presbyterian, United, 
Women’s 
tHuseth, Anna Margrethe........ vSt. Olaf C, Fairview H (Minne- ‘ 
ADOUS ARTs Haake eta ia lneecdsy Sakae Alaska.... Lutheran, Norwegian, Home 
Hutchens, Edna May............ State N (Milwaukee), » Lawrence C, f f 
BOstonMUil eet rs baa ieito asians WstsbEN Ape Methodist Epis., Woman's 
Hutchison, Dr. Harry Sutherland Muskingum C, v Western Reserve U : ; { 
FA TTACH estate Presbyterian, United 


Hutchison, Susannah Akin Mc- h ‘ f 
Keowan (Mrs. H. Sutherland)... Muskingum C................4.. Africa’, 205. Presbyterian, United 
inpram, sobertiGes eae ske Seon PQSACEMAt US sete micvatalors, cieheieidace diveers Cen. Am... Nazarene 


512 


CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 





NAME 


Ingram, Hannah Pearl Dixon (Mrs. 

Robert Gyn eevee, Oe 
Isaac, Ferdinand Jacob.........-.. 
Isaacson, Hulda Elisabet......... 


James, Carl Crittenton........... 
James, Harold vim. eecey Wats la 


Jenkins, Mary Elizabeth......... 
Jensen Arthurn sienna ah 


Jensen, Fannie Thackeray Andrews 


(Miss tAr thin) ee Uli en a 
JessopsHenry ACK yeni cries ueaee 


Johnson, Alfred Joseph........... 
Johnson, Frederick Edwin........ 


Johnson, Lillian Margaret Miller 


(Mrs. Frederick Edwin) 
Yohnsony Loisn pe re nelceewnie ae coe) As 
*Johnson, Olga Christena......... 
Johnson, Pearl E. 


Johnson, Paul Raymond......... 


Johnson, Elin M. Swanson (Mrs. 


Pail, Raymond yi) Pe We ye 
Joyner, Calvin Nicholas.......... 
Karlstedt, Karin Elvira Ingeborg. . 
Kaylor, Ina V. Marshburn (Mrs. 

DKodecciGl Grxiphed ey eens OTE LIE Bee 
*Kellogg, Gertrude Elbertine...... 


Kellogg, Nora Evelyn............ 
Ker, James Allender............. 


Kerr, George Compton........... 
Keye, William Frederick 


Kies, Lydia Augusta............. 


Vennard (Mrs. 
Barry) aan wae mn Nebyres oe ae Greenville C 


INSTITUTIONS FIELD 

Pasadena U and T, U of So. Calif. . Cen. Am... 
o' Bethel: Ooi. UE Ne en ee Ae are ridiay syle 
North Park C, v Chicago Union H.. China..... 
vy Bible Trs (Los. Angeles), Los 

Angeles: County /HUuer saw eet China..... 
Bible Trs (Los Angeles)........... China... 2... 
v Central Holiness U, Salvation ie 

He Dematsamoled oe RUN SHEN et iene TIGIA Ai et 
artivam |G aul, vu ul aeay aiiaraad al Malem Hadia ys Hs. 
Christian Alliance Trs, » Moody Trs Africa..... 
Drexel Inst., y Moody Trs......... Africas ic. 4:3 
Michigan Agrl. C, vY. M. C. A 

rst \(Ohicago) saaidss eae Africa... . 
NortheParke iG ye e nae iat China... if 
v Moody Trs, Wheaton C, McCor- 

mick Eyl Mel) PONS Speer aes S. Amer... 
Moody Trs, »v Wheaton C.......... S. Amer 
Ockidental' OMe iipioriner eee Adria ss oi ; 
v Northwestern Trs (Minneapolis).. India..... 

RT AIACEN ose MeCN Mier MH ba W. Indies 

U of Minnesota, v Moody Trs...... anaes dye 
Northwestern irs. Wee aiaek venice ls Chinas.) ky 
Trlane UN Mae ahead aitet sta ec China..... 


v Lordsburg C, La Verne C........ India sian. 
v Wheaton C, Presbyterian H (Chi- 

CARON wl Led ete rat aba e aerek beled ets China ia 
v Wheaton C, Willard H........... Ching aia 


U of Auckland (New Zealand), 


v Bible Trs (Los Angeles)........ India) Aus 
Dickinson! Greys Fae ee a Chinas. 
Fargo C, N. Dak. Agrl. C, 9 U of 

NS Dak: Grady ieee Coy aire, ae China: 


Teachers C (Cape Girardeau, Mo.), 
U of Missouri, v Moody Trs...... 


Kilborn, Dr. Leslie Gifford. ...... v Victoria C, U of Toronto Grad. 
FT oo HUNT OMFS N RU TMIE NSE DM P AAD P Ching: 
Kilborn, Dr. Janet Rodger McClure 

(Mrs. Leslie Gifford)........... UvotiTosonto Misuse wie basi ee oe sie China... . 
Kingman, Harry Lees............ Pomona C, v U of California....... China}... 
*Kitchen\ Toh cee ee oles Wesley C (Manitoba)............. China...) 
*Kitchen, Beatrice Irene McDowell , 

CMirsFotn yi sec iC 8 100 Wesley C (Manitoba)............. Chinas, |. 
Kitchen, Lewis Clayton.......... McMaster) Uw elias er ete Dedico ee seve 
Klein, Hulda Dorothea........... v Iowa State Teachers C, Moody Trs India..... 
Kortemeyer, Clara D........ *.... Northwest Trs, U of Washington, 

7 Chicagort re sei ie ek apeey Chinav)s . 
Kreick, Katherine Elizabeth...... (Lhoronto: Bible.C seas wee eile China. :):). 
Kreider, Herman Harold......... Goshen Grae iis elie ies ee Bee Shaye cee 
Lamb,’ Mary Lactitia erin ses soe MicGilh Uae Re ya Nagas Chita [aan 
Lane, Edward Epes.is)s 22. 04... Hampden Sidney C, Union T (Rich- 

Mond eee ewe NI Sas S. Amer 
Lane, Mary Abbott Cook (Mrs. 

Edward pes) iui ieriaelehies Harrisonburg N, Assembly’s Trs.... S. Amer... 

Lane Neva Pet oe ai eyes Oklahoma Holiness C, Nebraska 

Wesleyan U,v Pasadena U...... en. Am 
Lanktree, Lucy Belinda.......... Northwestern U, v U of Chicago.... China.... 
Larkin, George Raymond......... Mt. Hermon S, v Wesleyan U (Mid- 

eve Conn. a ea ICT ae ots Chanaieal 
Largs George Whathie ie Lisi eteverst aint Hope: Oa ea Sat ile ea Oe Japan...4.. 
Leavitt, Leslie Westbrook........ Derapath C, v Union T (N. Y. C.), y 

Columbia U. Grad..!,.).00 dean. SVTBE alae 
Leavitt, Margaret Hee ignited Bliss 

(Mrs. Leslie Westbrook).. HlpVassar Carlinienliel, Auvinen Reema y Syria... 
Lehman Loretta wipe uae noe v Christ H (Cincinnati), Moody Trs India..... 
Lehman, Minnie Mae............ Bindlayy C Tae Oh al ee BN Imdianyiy as 
Leonard, Dart Rath gee ee rs Wee U of Illinois and »v M, Northwestern 

Wi Gtad aR ee ei OLE: Hinde 


Lewis, Rundall McGill 


i Ontario Aor MG yay a Reng 
Lewison, Grace 


. Presbyterian (South) 


. Nazarene 


Iowa State Teachers C, State N 
(Madison, S. D.), v Baptist Trs 
(Chicago) aie oe A A cn» 
of Minnesota, vy Teachers C Grad. 
(NAV EC) 

Chicago Drs. hig chil 2 Rie ae ait iat 

U of Washington, Bible Trs (Los 
Angeles), v Moody Trs. 


a 


. Methodist Episcopal 


MIsstIONARY AGENCY 


Nazarene 
Mennonite, Gen. Conf. 
Swedish Miss. Soc. (Sweden) 


Presbyterian (North) 
National Holiness Assn. 


Salvation Army : 
Methodist Epis., Woman’s 
Scandinavian Alliance 
Scandinavian Alliance 


American Board 
Swedish Miss. Covenant 


Presbyterian (North) 


. Presbyterian (North) 


Presbyterian (North) 
Scandinavian Alliance 


.. Methodist, Free 


Swedish Miss. Covenant 
Swedish Miss. Covenant 
Methodist Epis., South 
Swedish Miss. Covenant 
Brethren, Church of ; 


American Board 
Methodist .Epis., Woman’s 


Ceylon and India General 
Methodist Episcopal 


Methodist Epis., South 
Evangelical Synod 
Canadian Methodist 
wed Methodist 
M. C. A. 

fan Methodist 
Canadian Methodist 
Baptist (Northern) 
Evangelical Synod 
National Holiness Assn. 
China Inland (Toronto) 


Near East Relief 
Canadian Methodist 


Presbyterian (South) | 


American Board 


Methodist Episcopal 
Reformed in America 


Presbyterian (North) 
Presbyterian (North) 
Mennonite, Gen. Conf. 
Church of God 

Protestant Episcopal 
Canadian Ch. of England 
Baptist (Northern), Woman’s 


American Board 


Presbyterian (North) 





SAILED LIST—IgQ2I 


513 





NAME INSTITUTIONS FIELD 


Lohrentz, Dr. Abraham Martens.. Bible Trs (Ft. Wayne, Ind.), » Berea 
C, Bethel C, U of Kansas, Wash- 


MISSIONARY AGENCY 


aneton, Ui Musca wiclvedireta so eka oris China ...2/5. Mennonite, Genl. Conf. 
Lohrentz, Marie S. Wollman (Mrs. 
Abraham Martens).ct.\ue cua ee v Bethel C, U of Chicago Grad..... China’. /.).. Mennonite, Genl. Conf. 
Luccock, Emory Wylie...-....... v As sa C, Western T, McCor- 
SOIC) Da Sich ala eleva eneiene keriatvel elie (hing: joes Presbyterian (North) 
Lumpp, Charles Ernest.......... Christian Ailsance (irs sess tes sis ares Ching in.)t. Chris. and Miss. Alliance 
tLustgarten, Regina Beatrice. .... Mood yirs lose sca ibaa ate, sa evetote Chingy). 4.4 Presbyterian (North) 
Lynn, Mrs. Hazel Belle Merritt... Union Trs (Brooklyn)............. Japatieias). Woman’s Union Miss. Soc. 
MacDonald, Lillian: )...52. 0050.6 v Northfield S, Syracuse U......... China...) .. Methodist Episcopal 
Magee, Douglas George.......... Y. M. C. A. Trs (Springfield, Mass.) S. Amer... Y. M.C. A. 
Malberg, Mildred Aurora......... v St. Cloud State N, U of Minnesota Malaysia.. Methodist Epis., Woman’s 
Malcolmson, Dr. Oliver Krause... U 7 Chicago, » U of Missouri, Rush 
* Uvok Kansas Mone ie Korea..... Presbyterian (North) 
Malone Emma cen) eek ie ass sine od ede CS i ls Rae ee Egypt..... Presbyterian, United 
Mantle, Thomas Guy............ Okla. A. and M. C, »v Bethany Cy ; i 
Butler, C, C of ‘Missions ae | aT Mexico.... Christian, United (Disciples) 
Marker, Leo Merril.............. C of Wooster, » McCormick T. Persia..... Presbyterian (North) 
Marker, Sara Eleanor Barlow (Mrs. » C of Wooster, U of Chicago, Pres- ’ 
Leo Merril) Raper el NMP Site aie: ate oe byterian Trs (Chicago).......... Persia |). Sn bali (North) 
Marsh, Carolyn Elizabeth........ Oberlin) Cry ai Got Ag Urs seed nels Japan..... ¥. W..C.A: 
Martin, Mary Elizabeth.......... Presbyterian Trs (Toronto)........ va hig she. Canadian, Presbyterian, 
omen’s 
Mason, Edda Mary.......0.....- Ellsworth C, v Iowa State C....... China se. Baptist (Northern), Woman’s 
Mason, Eleanor Dewey........... Mt. Holyoke C, v Wellesley C Grad India..... Baptist (Northern), Woman’s 
Mather, Carrie Morton.......... State N (Trenton), »v Biblical T 
(Ni Yi GC.) Usio£ California 2500 Philippines Baptist (Northern), Woman’s 
Matthew, Mary Annette......... v Broaddus C, N of Physical Educa- 
‘ wien tion (Battle Creek), W. Va. U.... China..... Baptist (Northern), Woman’s 
Matthews, Viola Virginia......... State N (Fredericksburg, Va.), , 3 ; 
| PP SCHILGG LOANS ae) Artes anaes tel se S. Amer... Methodist Epis., South 
Maul) Mary Vic sti. as. cesses es State N (Troy, Ala.), » Scarritt Trs.. Korea..... Methodist Epis., South 
BMaxwelliitins sate boise. tas kins Dakota Wesleyan Us echo oda ides S. Amer... Methodist Episcopal 
McAlpine, Florence Eugenia...... v Winthrop N and Ind. C, Assem- ! 
Diy SoD raya eee ae wal ug Weiea le Bact Japan. 2). 3 Presbyterian (North) 
*McArthur, Kathleen W......... Methodist Trs (Toronto).......... Japan..... Canadian Methodist, Woman’s 
McBee; Alice Miron se vcs oe v Cincinnati Trs, Ohio Wesleyan U.. China..... Methodist Epis., Woman’s 
McCallum, James Henry......... U of Oregon, Eugene Bible U, C of f ft i MY 
F ; Missions, Wale durham eadlrib were e ics Chinayiven Christian, United (Disciples) 
McCance, William Hodge........ Penna. State C, Yale U andvT.... India..... American Board 
*McCoy, Helen Yule............. Wellesley C and» Grad........... Chinato: Ginling College 
McDougall, Helen Florence....... Toronto BiblerGitee wi wesw yeoe Chinas 2/0 ee Presbyterian, 
omen’s 
*McGaw, Miriam Hersman....... CHOEDWOOSCET else a basi siie uit es Tridia.» dips Presbyterian (North) 
McGee rary Tdaeieuace ests.) 5 vState N (Chico, Calif.), San 
' LUE TANCISCOMT Wiete nian meet ota Et ro eet Indias Presbyterian (North) 
McHenry, Guy Carlton.......... Pe Paw wid Waneceus dleneuerere stork ee eiell's S. Amer... Nazarene 
McKay, Georgia Lawl ies... s. Georgia N and Ind. C, v Assembly’s i 
J LOE ARO ASS ee Ree SL a AE ak han TICRs aie Presbyterian (South) 
*McKenzie, Arthur Pearson...... vU of Toronto, Victoria C Grad.... Japan..... Canadian Methodist 
McKenzie, Mary Wood.......... N. C. State N and Ind. Cin Church ) , 
. : Trs (Phila.), N. C..C for Women Africa..... Protestant Episcopal 
McKinnon, Anna Claire.......... v U of Nebraska, Y. W.C. A. Trs... Japan..... Y. W. GC. A: 
McLennan, Elfreda May......... State N (Valley City, N. D.), State 
N (Cheney, Wash.), v U of Wash- 
TULOMEN wns cH earns Siete tere eta nes Mexico.... Presbyterian (North) 
McLeod, Marion Leola........... IMacalaster: Graaiaicin oimctitcision dsr S. Amer... Presbyterian (North) 
McMillan, Thomas Benjamin..... Manitoba, Cand. Ti errcced vay cctn ote Dndiawiw Canadian Presbyterian 
McNeel, Harry Earl............. v First Dist. Agrl. Sch. (Ala.), \ . ; 
EimoryiUaaenn cite altel telsrsiersielaiets W. Indies.. Methodist Epis., South 
McReynolds, Ross Allan......... Northwest Mo. State Teachers C, 
v U of Missouri, Bible C of Mo... Europe.... American Board 
Meacham, Frank Townsend...... v Grinnell C, Chicago T........... Afticas\s'\. American Board 
Melby} EVaomcsciitate sc cies falas AT oel Wiscorsif ll AE tye lk tence 5 China...:. Methodist Episcopal 
Mickle oe. ag asa tetets ses ei ges Clarendon C, So. Methodist U, ; ’ 
o Columbiar Ui Grate. awa aer aus Japan..... Methodist Epis., South 
Miles <Martcneri merase ds clsisle « v Maryville C, Biblical T (N. Y. C.) eae salting Presbyterian (North) 
Miller, Charles Edw............. Central Wesleyan Terentia cite S. Amer... Methodist Episcopal 
Miller nEenest Fite putes faites. s10% U of Chicago, » Goshen C......... India..... Mennonite Bd. of Miss. and 
Charities 
Millers Evelyn ttc vcthisecrcteo oo: San Jose State N, vC of Pacific, : \ 
i U of So. California, Stanford U... S. Amer... Methodist Episcopal 
Miller, Dr. Harry George......... » Chicago Trs, Moody Trs, Christian : : , Y 
Atiance: Trait ie.,. 2). swoee«4 ets Ching suis Chris. and Miss. Alliance 
Miller, Nellie Marie............ Goshen Oy eure redtevsare sie nuova SVTAs see Near East Relief 
Mills, Emma Grace Ina.......... N (Castleton, Vt.), v Gordon Bible C China oars China Inland 
Mills, Martha Lavina............ v Wheaton C, Presbyterian H (Chi- ) 
CASO) Mee HAs, Siosacre tala nam scolar Philippines Baptist (No.), Woman’s 
Minear, Gladys Juanita.......... Penn C, Cornell C, Iowa Wesleyan | h 
GAtbich Cotorado. <. isi dnvce mel! S. Amer... Methodist Episcopal 
IMibCHEUNELGQAT coe 6s sete srown Georgetown U, Biblical WON AY Os) holatiiares <4 Presbyterian (North) 
Mizell, Marguerite Cabene........ SE PINTS Vo Ueber a asics GG eles Gl ental China..... Presbyterian (South) 


514 








NAME INSTITUTIONS FIELD 

Montgomery, John Dexter........ Lynchburg C, v Vanderbilt U Grad., j 
} G oftMisstons qaerye) spicier Oaveneeters W. Indies 

Montgomery, Annie Kate Givens : 

(Mrs. John Dexter)............ v Lynchburg C, C of Missions...... W. Indies 
Morgan Lucy Belle sis cine ttle North Texas N. » Southwestern U, 

Scarribt Ers ec eerie hee ete S. Amer.. 
Morris, Cecil Van Horne......... Randolph Macon Cee eat gic W. Indies.. 
Morris; Harriet Pion ogee ae Fairmount C, v Kansas State Agrl. C Korea..... 
Morse, Justin Russell............ Phillipe Ui. iio een wee aie. Ching ss. (0 
Morse, Gertrude Emma Howe ‘ 

(Mrs. Justin Russell).......... v U of Oklahoma, Philipps U....... Tibetins cis. 
Muir, Robert Neilson............ Gordon! Bible Co oe ae seni Agicay Woh 
Mumby, Edward Wesley......... v indiana: U,. Chicago Trsi. gear oe ibateltenge yep. 
Mumby, Margaret Stockbarger Chicago Trs, South Bend Trng. j 

(Mrs. Edward Wesley)......... Sch. and Kindergarten.......... Asi giay ies 
Murray, Edward Clark.. . v Davidson C, Union T (Richmond) Mexico.. 
Murray, Dr. Florence Jessie. OPE ST: v Prince of Wales C, Dalhousie U M Korea..... 
Naisbitt, Mable Eliza............ v Winnipeg General H, Ch. of Eng- y 

land Trs (Toronto) si eens China. sic. 
Nash,, William: Lewis). 44). «<2 « v U of Texas, Ohio State U........ Korea..... 
Nelson, Esther Mathilda......... vState N_ (Bellingham, Wash.), : 

Newton VE pia iter fay suaeeanneaioe a ee ndia..='.. 
Netland fAmandary sien cents VotOlat Cy Lutheran plats econ China... 
Nichols, Leona Lucretia.......... v Léxas, Woman’s (Uo caus tice lates W. Indies 
Nix, Minta Arabella Oxford (Mrs. Louisiana State N, » So. Baptist T, 

Wallard Vontver) vats sas sie eieiiele Womans! Miss: Tres sake tenets WADAD ais 

Noordeurer, Helen Johanna....... Calvin C, » Moody Trs, Dutch Re- 
formed! Coy sh AO may erm ita Egypt..... 
Noss, George Sherer............. Franklin and Marshall C, v Bow- 
Koyo OMNI META) Sh DORIS Rie Me Ri Japan sees. 
Olson; Zenas Austin's. sisi ss e's # PacihiciU;, Garrett brsineey tice tee Indian. cd 
Orrick, Bailes William.......... .+ vu Baylor U, Southwestern Baptist T S. Amer... 
Orrick, Vera Juanita Humphries 

(Mrs. Bailes William).......... Bary lor | Ui enna an ct gu eiee chotactetate S. Amer 
Osborn, Laura Gertrude.......... v National Trs (Philadelphia). ..... Ghinde:ves 
Ostrom, Lda Johanna vemsclen sci wie North Park Carey na ot, ee Ching pees 
Overalls Mary, Dally rs sce ftanle ss Uiot Tenn. ¢ Scarritts Parson sat ee Chinas ae 
Owens Arthur Cecilliin tects +'s is Transylvania C, » Moody Trs...... China... ci 
Parker, Nancy, ilenicie ce sie «ce irse > v Bible Trs (Los Angeles), Occi- 

dental C, Christian Alliance Trs.. S. Amer 
Parker, Violet May.............. Washington State N, wv Wesley 

Memorial His Re ne packet ene W. Indies 
Patterson Gases. stevels els c:cte aietateie Randolph-Macon Woman's C...... Chingy. 5 
Patterson, pase seve ny cvehelbtetalete wishes Moody Trs, Brown's Bus. C, vIIl. 

Wesleyain) Wis au eens els ete nieie Chinato. 
Pauly Edna Ruther. ce arose aes eels v Ottawa U, Baptist Trs (Chicago).. India..... 
*Perkins, Ruth Adele............ State N (Salem, Massa) oy are clere thence Smyrna. 
Perry May Edgell.) fae cre sisters ole ele v Georgia N and Ind. C, Woman's 

IMISSK iL res vette Eva ML aoe ens ee TCaneeins 
Peterson, Harold Hille. ibs. ot) Harlham/ Oud seaneianoter eh a aetee: Gas BES AU AA 
Peterson, Edna Eliza Wildman 

Wits. Harold Hillinecis mesic Earlham Canine cae ame steels terete Teidiat re ierels 
Phelps; (Dryden Linsley oi aieite +. v Yale U and T, Oxford U (England) China..... 
Phillips, Walter O’Neal.......... v Southern U, Emory UU a wrctetche tobets apatiennc. 
Phillips, Dessa Clara Ford (Mrs. 

Walter'OpNeal oui heii ose: southern UM eer ange ay anita Rhone JADA ss ot6 
Phillips, William Andrew......... v Springfield State N, Drary C, U of 

Jab tershe Se Migr aN ML Ale als ee ML Aegis Cy ok Indianvsce. 
PIETCEs| TRUER sre elie disutfeie te aneant eee Ohio Staten tis: nn aia ee eee as Chinaers. 
Piersol, Mary Bentley............ Southwestern State N, v U of Pitts- 
burgh, Columbia U, Kennedy Trs E. Indies.. 
Plowden, Hannah Jane........... v Winthrop C, Woman’s Miss. Trs.. China..... 
Pollard Myrtle. Ale eae is cies v Miss. State C for Women, Scarritt 
, t TS stig Gloacie e, eiste oie) aaa Orenetete fete Mexico 
Pontier, Cornelius caine rely ieeiiae Union’ Trs (Brooklyn). sacs fe a Africa! ore 
Pontiens William’ Suiicee aalelrsterd. Pele Union? Prs,(Brooklyn).+s.e eee ote Africae... 
Pontier, Marguerite Yeths (Mrs. 

Willig miiS!) ry as crete eke Union Trs\(Brookiyn) 27.0) ee ane ALTICR esa 
Porter) Mary) Salter ee v Flora McDonald C, Stuart Circle H Africa..... 
Potee, Frances Esther Gale (Mrs. 

Wennet in Leon) s nls lrnetclealt foletilcl v Missouri U, Drake U, Cof Missions India..... 
Powell (Reginald . sei ave ei kictevers Toronto Bible/ Cees eahes en Oe S. Amer 
Priest isio/ Mie GN vita crea ic 5 cine Pie Seances RO ee MRI ake Nene Chinaie wee 
Pruessner, August Heinrich....... v Charles City C, Northwestern U, 

: Garrett Trs, U ‘of Chicago lis... E. Indies. . 
Quimby, John Wesley............ West Chester State N, v Dickinson 

‘ GCeNato ltrs (Phila) ag et eee China: <tc 
Ramsey, Willa Mareta........... Westminster C, v Muskingum C.. ENGIAS snes 
Randall, Elsie Julia.............. v Kalamazoo ra Baptist Trs (Chi- 
1 ; CBQO) 2 a aie liad WAR oer eines Cen. Am... 
Rankin, Milledge Theron......... Furman C, Wake Forest C, vSo. 
Baptist) De cone en Soe ee Chinas). 
Raun, James Jensen............. Midland C, »v Western T (Fremont, 
Neb.), U of Nebraska Grad...... Tndian. yeh 


CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


MISSIONARY AGENCY 


. Christian, United (Disciples) 
. Christian, United (Disciples) 
. Methodist Epis., South 


Methodist Epis., South 
Methodist Epis., Woman’s 
Christian, United (Disciples) 
Christian, United (Disciples) 
South Africa General 
Methodist Episcopal 


Methodist Episcopal 


. Presbyterian (South) 


Canadian Presbyterian 


Canadian Ch. of England 
Y. M.C. A. 


Baptist (No.), Woman’s 


.. Lutheran, Norwegian 
. Methodist Epis., South 


Baptist, Southern 
Presby., United, Women’s 
Reformed in U. S. 


Methodist Episcopal 
Baptist, Southern 


... Baptist, Southern 


China Inland 

Swedish Miss. Covenant 
Methodist Epis., South 
Presbyterian (North) 


. Chris. and Miss. Alliance 


.. Santo Domingo, Board of 


Baptist, Southern 


Methodist Epis., Woman’s 
Baptist (No.), Woman’s 


. American Board 


Baptist, Southern 
Vici eps 
Y.M.C.A 


Baptist (N orthern) 
Methodist Epis., South 


Methodist Epis., South 


Baptist (Northern) 
Methodist Epis., Woman's 


Methodist Episcopal 
Baptist, Southern 


.. Methodist Epis., South 


South Africa General 
Heart of Africa Miss. 


Heart of Africa Miss. 
Presbyterian (South) 


Christian, United (Disciples) 


. San Pedro 


University of Nanking 
Methodist Episcopal 


China Inland 
Presby., United, Women’s 


Bapt. (No.), Home Wom. 
Baptist, Southern 
Lutheran, United 


————— 


SAILED LIST—IQ2I 


515 








NAME INSTITUTIONS FIELD MIssIONARY AGENCY 
Raun, Nellie Scalapino (Mrs. James ___ 
Jensen) ;..... fraptaa da dctetvens ote Midland C....... Malad tatiana etorels ts is India..... Lutheran, United 
Rawles, Katharine Robb......... Indiana U, Washington U H, Wel- 
E lesley C,,9 Baker U)oc ie ee Chinas. Ginling College 
PCCAS ATS LUCTUC © s astsle cols ceaas ae v Simmons C, Baylor U, Southwest- 
: é ern Baptist ‘DAsis oatren ones cee Africa. ...). Baptist, Southern 
Reddick, Olive Irene............. v U of Pittsburgh, Ohio Wesleyan U, . 
Columbia U, Grads... 5.025.056. Indiange... Methodist Epis., Woman’s 
Reed Mohn Paul..sscsicadoes ofthe Central. (Canty Sea aa neat eens Japan..:.. Methodist Epis., South 
pect mache)! Sauces delice tise MtiHolyoke:C Male. cneeemeie ca ea Durkeyiz, 22 Y. W.,CoA. 
RecsenOray Violawhoss tne eo uaciet Baptist mrs (Chicage) eiu. selena ie W. Indies.. Bapt. (N.), Home, Wom. 
Resor, Mabel Louise............. v Chicago Trs, Johns Hopkins H.... E. Indies.. Methodist Episcopal 
Reynolds, Paul Russell........... v Wabash C, Ellsworth C, Chicago T China..... American Board 
Rhoads, Esther Biddle........... Drexel Inst., U of Pennsylvania, 
J # Barlham) C.J) auanieen wolves te Japan..... Friends of Philadelphia 
Richardson, Flora Amelia........ v Folts Trs, Meth. Epis. H (Brook- 
) i Pyar!) Sa Gren ae ns IPN ae a 4 8 Tha We Methodist Episcopal 
Richmond, Joseph Olliffe......... Moody Trs, 7 Doane S............ Africa! . 91 Sudan Interior 
tRobb, Remo Irwin.............. Cooper C, v Geneva C............ Cyprus.... Presbyterian, Reformed 
Robbins, Sadie Ella.............. vSo. Ill. State N U, Baptist Trs \ i 
(Chicago), Shurtleff C, Illinois H India..... Baptist (No.), Woman’s 
Roberts, Verne Douglas.......... Brown U, » Moody Trs and Grad... S. Amer... Bolivian Indian 
Robinson, Ernest Lloyd.......... Grove City C, v Kennedy Trs...... Africas.) Methodist Episcopal 
Robison, Amy Jean.../.......... Culver-Stockton C, v U of Chicago vee We 
Grad ee ae oa mee OL he Japaness. . Christian, Un. (Disciples) 
Rohde, Eleanora Charlotte....... State N (Oshkosh), » Chicago Trs... E. Indies.. Methodist Epis., Woman’s 
Rolland, William Alfred.......... v Baldwin-Wallace C, Cleveland N.. China..... Methodist Episcopal 


Rolland, Margaret Rosella Uhler 





(Mrs. William Alfred) Baldwin-Wallace: C geswaiececee ss Chima 
Rose, Annetta Mabel............ Presbyterian Trs (Toronto)........ Korea..... 
Rosenberger, Elma T..... .. Central Holiness U, » Lakeside H... Korea..... 
Ross, Raymond Trickett » Elendrix CiHmory Uy oui e 8 China 
Rossiter, Fred James Wa... 3.50) |). Iowa State C and v Grad.......... ChinaveAye 
Rossiter, Daisy Belle Mellor (Mrs. 

Prediaimes) iti sows cates gooey Lowa lotaterG sire sauce ware ee gama China. 
Rounds, Lloyd Delaskia.......... Asbury, Candi Gradincive sv sates oe Mexico.... 
Rue, Edgar Heilman............. v Dickinson C and Grad, Drew T, 

INew? York: Umite cer Ascthicecta Malaysia. . 
Russell Pmimet a seers cctee cette Harvard U, v Gordon Bible C...... Chinat) .. 
Russell, Amy Melvin Dyer (Mrs. 

Linastiet sta iar l a eA ea ee Gordon) Bible Grave. sede e cic wis oe Chinas. 3.) 
*Russell, Lois Evelyn............ TLOLOMLOGLTS: Face ceed cane cabs China: . 5... 
Russell, Lucy Katherine.......... State N (Bellingham, Wash.), Bap- 

‘ tist Trs (Chicago), Nat’l Kind. 
and Elementary C, v Wheelock 
Kanda trios Ochs. ates ace aie JAPAN sais: 
*Ryall, Bryant Raymond......... U of Wisconsin and Grad.......... Europe.... 
Ryckmam, HaZews). icicles oss MGOGYVETSiiae ce eta Ae ees Africa... 2 
Salen Josephine. trees. techs. sec. 2 Vassar C, Teacher's C (N.Y. C.):. China..... 
Salter, Grace Dorinda............ Moody Trs, » U of Manitoba...... W. Indies.. 
Sather, George Oscar............ Ags urge lsh ann aye, ar te siaers eres) sr Chingy: 
Sauer, L. Marguerite Virginia . 

Suttles (Mrs. Charles A.)....... Ohio Wesleyan U....... atyaaietsley st 3 Korea... 
Saunders, John Rouzie........... v Randolph Macon C, Princeton T.. S. Amer... 
SavekersMernyo aie ices. « vState N (San Jose), Berkeley C, 

PEN GSY LTS fatetou catetehr aan aelieretehs Cen. Am... 
Schell, Esther Naomi............ Albright C, vLebanon Valley C, j 
Hahnemann Hees es nies ee Chinay)....'. 
Schell, Naomi Elizabeth.......... State N and Ind. C (Greensboro), 
Woman’s/Missy irs .)a screens ittals Japan..... 
Scheufler, Karl William.......... v Ohio Wesleyan U, Columbia U.... China..... 
Scheufler, Ada Irene Mills (Mrs. Cortland State N, Chicago Trs, 
KarliWilliam econ an cots ace sce v Ohio Wesleyan U, Teacher’s C 
(lists WEA CATS AA Sars ed ARIS Chinas. 
Schisler, William Richard......... Uefa s9d.61 Che 3 os Jan ne Ope ape S. Amer... 
Schmidt, Araminta Mary Gillies »Occidental C, Y.W.C.A. Trs | 

(Mrs Beni. tere ate vetstoeiehe one CNY ERC) somtaa cee tists oats teats China... 2: 

Schmitthenner, August Frederick.. Wagner Lutheran C, »v Lutheran T ; 

(Gets bir)! eveie sje sever sabe cieinte wys Indiaiys ns). 
Schram, Bessie May............. MOOG Vallis areata state ereioleeietel le 21 sth Indias. 
Schultz, Emilie Mary............ v Baptist Trs (Philadelphia), Mt. | 

OHIAL EL ye Wapencts: Gheresebeasieie aa ose is roieye China..... 
Schweigert, Emma May.......... Wrginiisi Genet tates oreie hy cen aein Indians 
Schofield, Carl Edward........... Oberlin C, Northwestern U, vCo- | 

dire Aer etc tete wicis ete aerials tere China soles 
Secrest, Catherine Evelyn Pratt ‘ i 

Marsa aga rt hee) sas de eiseisien sisie v Mary Baldwin S, Metropolitan H. Mexico.... 
Sellery, Dr. Clarence Morley...... Queens) Usrands Mes ii ie olelete Chinas: 
Setterlund, Elmer Leonard....... U of Redlands, Rochester T....... Japan..... 
Setterlund, Gertrude Amy Roberts v Central Mo. State Teachers C, U 

(Mrs. Elmer Leonard).......... OL UR OCATOS met tciceiaistaltielasialeta ete Japan's... 
Lis WV LLigtri les ses ase o's s 6 0s 6.06 v Ohio Wesleyan U, Boston U T, 


Teacher’s\C (N.Y. C.)...0..54: Korea..... 


Methodist Episcopal 
Canadian Presbyterian 
Methodist Epis., Woman’s 
Methodist Epis., South 
Methodist Episcopal 


Methodist Episcopal 
Methodist Episcopal 


Methodist Episcopal 
Nan Kai College (China) 


Nan Kai College (China) 
Canadian Meth., Wom. 


Baptist (No.), Woman’s 
Vii MiG w As 

Sudan Interior 
Presbyterian (North) 
Canadian Presbyterian 
Lutheran, Free 


Methodist Episcopal 
Methodist Epis., South 


Friends of California 
United Brethren 
Baptist, Southern 
Methodist Episcopal 


Methodist Episcopal 
Methodist Epis., South 


Lutheran, United 
Ceylon & India General 


Baptist (No.), Woman’s 
Presbyterian (North) 


Y. M.C. A. 

Canadian Methodist 
Methodist Episcopal 
Methodist Episcopal 


Methodist Episcopal 


516 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 








NAME INSTITUTIONS FIELD MISSIONARY AGENCY 
Shaw, Adeline Hamilton (Mrs. ; } 

Willian Eyre yen ude Cincinnati Trs, v Ohio Wesleyan U.. Korea..... Methodist Episcopal 
Shaw, Sara Margaret............ » Southwestern U, Columbia U Grad Japan..:.. Methodist Epis., South 
Shedd, Pal Braman ou. Coe C, v Presbyterian T (Omaha)... Persia..... Persbyterian (North) 
Shedd, Pearl May Allen (Mrs. Paul ; ‘ 

Braun) NA Roe (SU es A Iowa State Teacher’s C, v Coe C... Persia..... Presbyterian (North) 
Sherer, Frances Marks (Mrs. Fred.) U of Denver..................0-- Alaska.... Methodist Epis., Home 
Shields,)Lydia Mee eee ete. Pennsylvania Hessen ee eee China. 2/3: Evangelical, United 
Shoemaker, William Henry....... get s Bible Trs, v Union Trs (Brook- : 

hip 2) TAM Mey ene Se Alaska.... World Wide Miss. Soc. 

Shore, Sarah Gertrude........... Vote Ladies C, Queen’s U, v Trin- 4 

TEV ANU De RMS NE ae eee apanyii. Canadian Ch. of England 
Shreve, Retta Hthel lei cc ¢ Hiram C,C of) Missions? 4; ndias ste Christian, Un. (Disciples) 
Simpson, Edith Maude........... Cornell) UR See ie See pee ty Ching Jy ee. Presbyterian (North) 
Simpson, Myra Elizabeth......... Methodist Trs (Toronto).......... Japan..... Canadian Meth., Wom. 
Simpson, Ruth Virginia J......... Cornell Uns e ny ene Shar estes Indiaws: 2... American Board 
Sinkey, Fern Myrtle............. Denison U,v Berea C, Cincinnati Trs China..... Methodist Epis., Woman’s 
Six, Gladys Warwick Anress (Mrs. rt State N, Ft. Hays N, 2 Phil- Wah, efi! 

Ray TFN A eS BEE lips U and Graal sc HAS waiieies China je. ios Christian, Un. (Disciples) 
#Skinsnts, Dr. Casper Christiansen v St. Olaf C, Luther T, Bennett M.. China..... Lutheran, Norwegian 
Smiley, Church Howe............ v Cotner U, C of Missions......... Endigz ice Christian, Un. (Disciples) 
Smithy Asn zt eee NA On okede Indians Central U.......-........ Philippines United Brethren 
Smith) Coraielitinwusvaeiertes scien Ottawa N, Ontario Agrl. C, v Meth- ‘ ' 

Odist Era: Cloronto) ae wenn: Ohina)ee Canadian Meth., Wom. 
Smith, Edna DeWitt............. State N Kee N. J.), Teach- ! 

er's ‘Cu(NAY: Cy ene tae Seely Ching i... Baptist (No.) Woman's 
*Smith, Emma Esther Dressel J 

(MrsyAaron Jacob) bss amnee sere Central Holiness U, » Chicago Trs.. China..... Nazarene 
Smith, James Newton, Jr......... Spencer, Trs, v Asbury C, North- ‘ : 

western Ue Wr eile eit io) sain es Cen. Am... Methodist Episcopal 
Smith, Ruth Ann Linn (Mrs. James : 1 

Newtor)e ase ie ae cee ne AsburyiG are iekvan enon eter oie a Cen. Am... Methodist Episcopal 
Smith, Florence Naomi Ketchen ‘ . 

(Mrs. Ralph ib ait sieid agers ALS Lop. Ory neh Wie ONE IE AUR HORE FA 0 Vs Persia..... Presbyterian (North) 
Simith, Rostoe; C2 .e28 ) ue uoiecla: Carson and Newman C, v So. Bap- r 

CISC) Tine area van Oe aan atenet a Japan... Baptist, Southern 
Smith, Dr. Roy Esmond......... Geneva C, Kansas U and »Grad.,_ ' 

NSSUEST OUP Gb lee seaeu Urdina ieee aw ARTA Syillavseese Presbyterian, Reformed 
Smith, Margaret Jean Shuman 

(Mrs. Roy Esmond)........... Geneva: C Pairs ct cie catch bance retinas Sewn ia Presbyterian, Reformed 
Smith, Susan Evans............. v St. Mary’s S, Church Trs (Phila).. i Pecind ... Protestant Episcopal 
tSowards, Erville Ellis........... Marshalli@.07 ena nun ain cert here iene Indiagene. Baptist (Northern " 
SDEAT) Ika [Peon doula pice ails v Dakota Wesleyan U.........-... Indta2: Methodist Episcopal 
Sprunger, Frieda Nettie.......... Bethel Deaconess H, vy Moody Trs.. China..... Mennonite, Gen. Conf. 
Stafford, Margarett Venora....... Chicago sD rsy HI We Bee See ae China wast: Methodist Episcopal 
Steady, Isaac Emanuel Chiakazea. Wilberforce U,v Yale U T......... Africa..... Methodist Epis., African 
Steepee, Della Edna............. Ohio State N, St. esa s Riverside E : 

H,v Biblical T CN Ya COR Nee Sealeye ign Methodist Episcopal 
Steimer, John Nilson............. v Augustana C and T, Hartford T.. Africa..... Sudan United 
*Stern, Frieda Annie............. Woman’s Miss. Trs, v Moody Trs... Africa..... Baptist, South African 
Stevenson, Elizabeth............. Moody Drs Santee ecie came enn eaters Africa’... : Africa Inland 
Steward, Ribeee Niece eeu v Oregon Agrl. C, Montana State U. China..... Methodist Episcopal 
Steward, Celia Belle Speak (Mrs. 

Albert N. ey eA Me tUnin ere ela cteleieee Missoula N, v Oregon Agri. C...... Chinatee.. Methodist Episcopal 
Stolzfus, William Alfred.......... Goshen C, Vanderbilt U T, 2 Biblical 

GN Y. Ca) acc Pe leeie a late lite Sytiaeenes. Presbyterian (North) 
Stoltzfus, Ethel Marion Leck (Mrs. 

William Alfred) jac rn yay see v Macalester C, Biblical T (N. Y. C.) Syria...... Presbyterian (North) 
Stouffer, Stella Emmaline........ Simpson C, » Kennedy Ors ih VRE. Ve Africa... . Methodist Episcopal 
Straith, Margaret Meldrum....... N (Ottawa,Ont.), v Wienived Gen. H China..... Canadian Presby., Wom. 
Stribling, Grace Augusta......... v Winthrop C, Woman's Miss. Trs.. China..... Baptist, Southern’ 

Suhr, Laura Johanna... 0.0... Grinnell C, Iowa State Teacher’s C, 

! v Nebr. Wesleyan U, Chicago Trs India..... Methodist Epis., Woman’s 
Supernois, Leon Enos............ v Chicago Trs, a pet COE at acuta China..... National Holiness Assoc. 
Sutton, Dr. Leon Ernest.......... Syracuse U and) M 006 cn eee China..... Methodist Episcopal 
Swicord, Donald Augustus........ U of South Carolina, » Columbia T 

Si Cardiiahir hl Hie 1 cD oe Mir China... Presbyterian (South) 
Sword, Victor Hugo............. v Bethel s, Des Moines C.. me Viniclini eae Baptist (Northern) 
Sword, Cora Estella Walter (Mrs. 

Victor aS REY cay YA A a ree yet eae v Bethel S, Baptist Trs (Chicago)... India..... Baptist (Northern) 
Sydenstricker, Grace Caroline..... v Maryville C, Rutgers C.......... Ching eg Presbyterian (South): 
Tait, Mariontjessien sie. toes ecled Rockford C, Northern Ill. State N, x 

v Baptist Trs, U of Chicago...... Indian. Baptist (No.), Woman's 
Taylor, Dora drene en ys emtenet i mPark CVU of Kansasee (ny ustuts <4 Siamese Presbyterian (North) 
Taylor, Francis Willard.......... Howard. PavneiG. ee eneh ces S. Amer... Baptist, Southern 
Taylor, Lewallace Wendell........ v Hastings C, McCormick T....... India. oe Presbyterian (North) 
Taylor, Frances Filson (Mrs. Le- ; 

wallace Wendell).............. Hastings Css ae date tak wee India..... Presbyterian (North) 
Teele, Gertrude Emeline.......... Gordon BiblesGh cine cds ee ron India seit Baptist (No.) Woman’s 
Teets, Edith Vivian.............. Geneseo N, Biblical T (N. Y. C.)... Japan..... Reformed in America 
Tenny, Ruth Margaret........... Moody Trees) Reet nie S. Amer... Bolivian Indian 
Tewksbury, Malcolm Gardner.... U of Nankang v Yale U, Hartford T China..... Presbyterian (North) 
Thiessen, Gerhardt T............ v Moody Trs, Saskatoon N, North- 


ern Baptist (UM Afodited sioeteeile Jaen COIR secre Mennonite, Krimmer 





SAILED LIST—IQ2I 








NAME INSTITUTIONS FIELD 
MIESSON TORN lesa vekeanes wats v Bethel C, McCormick T......... Dardia wane 
Thiessen, Elizabeth Wiens (Mrs. 
fi fok s95) JD AE ee a os ry | Moody Trs ibe eee aah lie a Endaalyo iit 
TEHOCTINRy LeOT S..6 feed vinidioh otic Bible Trs (Los Angeles)........... China 
Thompson, Ethel Irene........... Havergal C, Wesley C, Saskatoon 
N, v Methodist Trs (Toronto).... China... .. 
Thompson, Ethel Truesdale...... Syracuse | 8 a Area Se Malek, eae AA Chinas.) 
Thornton, Everett W............. v Des Moines C, U of Chicago, U of { 
; TO Wa ii 8 Nae Mae Rete aU Philippines 
Tillman, Fern Neolia............. Illinois State N, wChicago Trs, 
Deaconess H (Mont.)........... China..... 
Townsend, Mollie Elzora......... vN.C. Cfor Women, St. Faith’s Trs 
CN MY EHG3), Bellevue H.......... Chimay ie. 
Townsend, Walter Barton........ Cornell: Ojos ee aia a eee 1 India Vey. 
arimble; Ruth Eliza oiocoe. oct. Cincinnati Cons. of Music, v Pesta- 
lozzi Froebel Teachers C........ Japans.ii.% 
Tucker, Boyd Wayland.......... Asbury! Candiuben yaa uine Baer Endiainae: 
Mutts; Helen Loring icine. cers. v Earlham C, Bryn MawrC....... Tdgiav ae 
Tull, Lawrence Emerson.. . » U of Cincinnati, Hartford T...... Africas. cc: 
Turner, Ronald Danmar see is. Bible Trs (Los Angeles)........... S. Amer 
Turner, Faith Estella Hollings- 
worth (Mrs. Peneld Dunmar)... Bible Trs (Los Angeles)........... S. Amer... 
Underwood, Edith May.......... Wichita H, v Parsons C..... : Philippines 
Vaagenes, Morris Carlson. Naa Gisaes Wakelettuyhbe al Oar hele Mid Bee Wen soba wT poe Madag 
VanCamp, Paul Milton.......... Come Uy aeey hue el aaa ie Chinay 7. 
vandenNoort, Judokus........... v Hope; Boston UN Dier.t ie ences E. Indies 


vandenNoort, Hazel Van Blarcom 


(Mrs. Judokus) PAHS Bap ee aa Gray’s Business C, vy Boston U T... E. Indies... 
VanDyke, Paul Shepherd. . . Missouri Valley C, Westminster C, 
: Louisville T, »v Princeton T...... Japansse sc. 
VanDyke, Louise Carleton Estes 
(Mrs. Paul Shepherd).......... AtHems Cue am clon ith ta ate cress a Janam). 
*VanGorder, Dr. George Wilson... v Williams C, Harvard UM....... Chingy. 3). 
tVaugh, Mason.. ONE ET tak Matmsoure stake lato aeii, nay Trdiae ng ty 
{Vaugh, Clara Sarah ‘Pennington 
(Mrsailasonyndocma ttslec eas « v U of Missouri, Bible C of Missouri India..... 
Waddell, Dr. Susan Sharpe....... v Wilson C, U of Pittsburgh and M. China..... 
Wakeman, Andrew Virgil......... v McMinnville C, Southern Baptist 
SEA ICEMU tock L Rtas OS A RUE a gah RCN Africas...) 
Wakeman, Letha Evangelina Ward 
(Mrs. Andrew AYgG teat h Jawad Die aahs Onachita C, Southern Baptist T.... Africa..... 
Walbridge, Margaret Esther...... v Kansas State Agr. C, Kennedy Trs Africa..... 
Walmsley, Lewis Calvin.......... AYE Lcrray wee yO UNL IE SiR ry UPR al Chinatiinn. 
Walmsley, Constance Ellen Kilborn ! 
(Mrs. Lewis Calvin)........... Ontario Ladies C, v Victoria C..... Chinas nas 
*Walters, Anne May Buck (Mrs. v Jamestown _C, Columbia C of E : 
Dallas Mansfield). . wet) pression (Chicago) Hc EMP eRe e D phitnpines 
Walworth, David Homer, Jr. iat at Pasad emai cia waite cieiuitek shee veate S. Amer... 
Walworth, Edith Matilda Borhe 
(Mrs. David EL OINET IE) Sloe tle « Pasadena siecle iay ce einle Nolet alee > S. Amer... 


Wannamaker, Cleora Gilbert v Oberlin Kind. Sch., U of Minnesota China..... 





*Ward, Constance Effie...... .. Methodist Trs (Toronto) Hilfe that Ih DATA aes 
*Ware, Helen Violet............. Iowa State C, v U of Missouri. . Ching ies 
Ware, ‘James ADP ey Gas ee ars e's v U of Georgia, DOW baptist tees oe China 
are, Mary Bibb Long (Mrs. v Miss. Ind. Inst. and C, U of Mis- f 
James T. H. ae MEM ea ctetalst cite Gol-c!. sissippi, Woman’s Miss. Trs..... China..... 
WWarve. JON Ti. wees cal ccis coe ulls.s GaQshen Cre ae a ee Endia oe vs 
Warye, Nellie M. Yoder (Mrs. John ae 
Laat (ob ed ne 7 pe ee Gosnen Cys esy weape rks eel ate cobs cere Indias saint 
Washington, Harvey Harris....... U of Texas, Austin Presby. T, v So. 
Methodist U Grad., Yale U T.... Cuba..... 
Welstead, Nellie Winifred........ Toronto N, v Roosevelt H (N. Y.).. China..... 
West) Edith Olive so iiines. eee. css State N (Edinboro, Pa.), v Baptist 
Ere niles ek. s Weitere car ts. . Amer 
Westfall, Georgia Gresham......: WiiVaniwWesleyaniG. ose ae India..... 
Whan, Victoria Maude........... Morornto! Bible; Gai vel aia choral ta estos ATTICA asters 
Whisenhunt, E ne Peters altel teks Mercer U, » Southern Baptist T.... China..... 
*White, Agnes Mary............. Peate institute npaces gees eet ca as [bbe Ib eeae 
Wilder, Dr. dwar Wineelerianin.). HarverdsUiand Miata seat ae cess Indian inset 
Williams, Frederick Gladstone.... Kansas Wesleyan U.............. India er: 
Williams, Francis Marion, Jr...... Marion Ni Butler Co naad abel ties Philippines 
Williams, Mrs. Francis Marion, Pro Baible tO MO in ty seperate meinen Philippines 
Williamsonnl va Ma ms ciels «els Ohio Wesleyan U gieccre seus este bees Chinaleahe 
Williamson, Orin Conway........ Davidson C, v Union T (Richmond) Mexico.. 
Williamson, Lois Faires (Mrs. Orin ft Ae McDonald C, Presbyterian ' 
Conway) WOM ot ote cis-e e's PEE SCN a0 God) ae ta horersians a7 nok Saas ieee 
Willmott, Lesslie Earl............ v U of Toronto, Teacher’s C Grad.. China..... 
Willmott, Mary Katharine Geyer i 
(Mrs. Lesslie POGHUiateuniereteness ite Ohioweslovany Ula any en aa leprae Chinae. 
Wilson, Clayton Herbert......... Johnson Bible C, Hiram C, vC of 
DL IBSIONS AN Ay el eiesys ereiees Gt ee ws JAPAN te «sic 
Wilson, Bertha Mae Loveless (Mrs. U of Tennessee, Butler C, »C of 
Clayton Herbert)... . cane cae WiISsIONS ua ii hantatuate eek, ee se Japan..... 
Wilson, Frederick Hardy......... Otagu U, v Union Trs (Brooklyn) Africa ti 


517 


MISSIONARY AGENCY 
Mennonite, Gen. Conf. 


Mennonite, Gen. Conf. 


. China Inland 
Canadian Methodist, Woman's 


Methodist Epis., Woman’s 
Baptist (Northern) 
National Holiness Assoc. 


Methodist Episcopal 
Methodist Episcopal 


Presbyterian (North) 
Methodist Episcopal 
Baptist (No.) Woman’s 
Methodist Episcopal 


. Independent 


Independent 
Presbyterian (North) 


. Lutheran Free Church 


Methodist Episcopal 


. Methodist Episcopal 


Methodist Episcopal 
Presbyterian (South) 


Presbyterian (South) 
China Medical Board 
Presbyterian (North) 


Presbyterian (North) 
Presbyterian (North) 


Baptist (Northern) 


Baptist (Northern) 
American Board 
Canadian Methodist 


Canadian Methodist 


Presbyterian (North) 
Nazarene 


Nazarene 

American Board 
Canadian Meth., Wom. 
Christian, Un. (Disciples) 


. Baptist, Southern 


Baptist, Southern 
Menn. Bd. Miss. & Char. 


Menn. Bd. Miss. & Char. 


Methodist Episc., South 
China Inland 


. Baptist, Southern 


Methodist Epis., Woman’s 
Sudan Interior 

Baptist, Southern 
Protestant Episcopal 
American Board 
Methodist Episcopal 
Christian, Un. (Disciples) 
Christian, Un. (Disciples) 
Methodist Epis., Woman's 
. Presbyterian (South) 


. Presbyterian (South) 


Canadian Methodist 
Canadian Methodist 
Christian, Un. (Disciples) 


Christian, Un. (Disciples) 
Sudan United 


518 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 





NAME INSTITUTIONS FIELD MIssIONARY AGENCY 
*Wilson, Gertrude. ysnsianitniviee GC Of WOOSTER si uaus is chokereel econ ole reininue Tapan-wess Presbyterian (North) 
Wilson, Jesse Rodman............ U of Tex., So. Baptist T, Yale U T. Japan..... Baptist (Northern) 
Windsor, William George Toronto Bible Co. desk vd sone ee Chi China Inland 
Wintemate, Herbert Ezra McMaster Uji (oi iavaneay on eats i ... Canadian Baptist 
Wisner, Carl Chauncey...... .. » Cof Wooster, Purdue U i Presbyterian (North) 
Wolf, Helen Maes ascn idee Kennedy irs gi esac ck Oa eke eet Chi Reformed in U. S. 
Wood, Gertrude Norma.......... v Swarthmore C, Oberlin C Grad... China..... American Board 
Woodard, Harriet Belle Mead (Mrs. 

William'Parsons) iin iran kite v Western Res. U, Battle Creek H. . Japan pa ie: American Board : 
Woodbridge, John Sylvester...... Princeton) Ui ues b iiere nl Met aiatole Chinaljn., Presbyterian (South) 
Woodburn, Lois Edna........... v Muskingum C, Grinnell C........ Egypt..... Presbyterian, United 
Worman, Carmelin ceva uiie icine v Moody Trs, Monmouth C........ Thalebfeghee Baa Presby., United, Wom. 
Wright, Edwin Milton........... vC of Wooster, McCormick T..:.. Persia..... Presbyterian (North) 
Wycoff, Dr. Ray Sheppard....... v Simpson C, Ames Agrl. C, State U ; ; 

OF LO Wai Mele heh ae W. Indies.. American Miss. Assn. 
Wycoff, Ima Lela (Mrs. Ray { 

Sheppard) cue maa ciae sg v Simpson C, State U of Iowa...... W. India. . American Miss. Assn. 
Wyman, Harriet Moma Jeb Tabor C, U of Nebraska.......... India..... American Board 
woung, CharlesiP yee wae aus v U of Alberta, Robertson C....... IGA Alas Canadian Presbyterian 
Young, Hazel _Faunetta Spore ! ? 

(Mrs.cAlmoni Pye ri ie duet. nile De\ Par wii ra sepia woleienene cine Indias Methodist Episcopal 





SATILED) VOLUNTEERS FOR 1922 


In the table abbreviations have been used as follows: C=College; H= Hospital; M =Medical; N =Normal; 
S=Secondary School; T =Theological; Trs=Bible, Deaconess and Missionary Training School; U= University; 
v =Volunteered at. 

*Volunteers sailed before 1922, names reported here for the first time. 

{Short-term Missionaries. 





NAME INSTITUTIONS FIELD MISSIONARY AGENCY 
Aggola, Lena Leona.............. State N (N. Dak.), v Chicago Trs... China..... National Holiness Assn. 
Aldrich; Sylvia Ec jajsa ionic sy oles Michigan State NC. ote ii oes Chima: Methodist Epis., Woman’s 
Allen) 'CecwAlbro Mie urea eee v Wesleyan U, Columbia U Grad... Siam...... Presbyterian (North) 
Allen, Christina Elvira........... v Southwestern U, Southern Metho- ; ‘ 

: distiUHScarritt) Drs weve tema Mexico.... Methodist Episcopal, So. 
fAllison, Mildred Josephine....... Westminster: Gi ieee eet Africae i. Presbyterian, United 
Alter, Joseph Copley cuaaun pin i's v U of California, Biblical T (N.Y.C.) India..... Presbyterian, United 
Alter, Marjorie Ward (Mrs. Joseph 

Copley) seer ars fal tenes aici U of Californias eyes ay eli indian oe Presbyterian, United 
Anderson, Myra Pauline......... v Anderson C. Scarritt Trs......... Japancven: Methodist Episcopal, So. 
Anderson, Ruth Hildur Victoria... Swedish Trs, y Moody Trs......... China.... Scandinavian Alliance 
tAnderson, William Edward...... Westminster Cpt iu Mi ewe ec chalg IATtiCa shan Presbyterian, United 
Ankeney, Dr. William Moorehead. v Heidelberg U, Western Reserve M ova Hg Reformed in U. S 
Bagby, Wilson Jaudon........... Baylor Ua see es teint S. Amer... Baptist, Southern 
Bailey, Helen Livingston......... v Watlesler C, Boston U Grad...... India..... Baptist (North) Woman's 
Baker, Hlizabevn sensu siden tent taal Bethany Trs, v Manchester C, Battle 

i Creek Fae tile swe aaa tunedais China..... Brethren, Church of 
Banks, Dwight Sylvester......... New England T, v Boston U, Clark U Tndia! Bijet te hei Advent, Woman’s 
Banks, Thelma Jane Hawkes (Mrs. 

Dwight Sylvester)... 00k New: England toasts sue) ane sores andia S234. Advent, Woman’s 
tBarker, LeoVaucht.) sees sce ea Princeton Weis ners penraetece me Ching es Princeton-in-Peking 
Barnes, Willian! May jooucllasite ties v Monmouth C, U of Chicago Grad. Africa..... Presbyterian, United 
Barrows, Clara Eddy............ Rhode Island N, Gordon Bible C... India..... Baptist (North) Woman's 
‘Bartling rene Aw). So Gielen.) Metropolitan Business C, » Moody 

FEES Uh a Ueciveistdg i elarabtnns ale ater me bls Africas. sa: South Africa General 

Bascom, Dorothy Eleanor........ Fargo, Citi wut Oitcare es neath eae China isc: American Board 
Beeman, Ethel Morse............ Mount Holyoke Co ya Sipe cie Mexico.... American Board 
Benz, Laurette Roi. simile uote ss Presbyterian Trs (Chicago)........ Persia's 5 Presbyterian (North) 
Berry, William Hafford.......... Onachita | Gyaths Bika Or eae tos S. Amer... Baptist, Southern 
Beven, Georgia Hannah.......... U of Southern California.......... Africa..... Methodist Epis., Woman's 
Bickel lorence Mie ssrastestel set. v Ashland C, Elkhart General H.... Africa..... Brethren (Progressive) 
*Bickford, Margaret Vardy Millar 

NC Mis Jonny 1.) stolianisecs ae « Occidental Coenen tscsete eee een ete China.... Presbyterian (North) 
Bishop, Annie B Methodist Trs (Toronto).......... Japan’. Jes Can. Methodist, Woman's 
Bixel Mester Hea Merely ale v Moody Trs, Bluffton C.......... Africa ...54 Congo Island 
Blackman, Lonnie Elwood........ Wake Forest C, » Southern Bapt. T China..... Baptist, Southern 
Blackman, Gladys Yates (Mrs. E. Carolina Tchrs. Trng. v Peabody 

Lonnie lwood) wis aieidcassieele C, Baptist Trs (Louisville)....... China..... Baptist, Southern 
Bolliger, Lydia Aurelia........... v Heidelberg U, U of Wisconsin.... Japan..... Reformed in U. S. 
Bolomey, Henri Albert........... Mood yi Eis o301 pte oe See ieee Belgium... Belgium Gospel 
Bossing, Elsie Gugler (Mrs. Edward c 

BUTE TES cop LR et i Fa TP ee Kansas Wesleyan U....... cscs soe S. Amer... Methodist Episcopal 
Bothwell, Jean Batham.......... Nebraska Wesleyan U............ india Weiss Methodist Epis., Woman’s 
*Bourgaize, Wilfred.\, 0. vcisiiss nia U of Southern California.......... Africa..... Methodist Episcopal 
BowenyAlicese tice peematet et Oberlin Cee eas rate erin corrode s pus stare Chinas tae Methodist Epis., Woman's 
Bowne, Emeline Wiican als Massachusetts General H.......... China..... Protestant Episcopal 
Bowyer, William E...........s06 Wheaton C, v Alliance Trs......... Africa.,.... Africa Inlan 


a 


SAILED LIST——-IQ22 


519 








NAME 


Bradford, Stephanie Me civies 
Bradley, Ruth Winifred.......... 
Branch, Chester Wilder.......... 
Branch, Rebecca Rogers (Mrs. 

Chester W. Er eRe Se ello ition adie 
Brayton, Margaret Morrison...... 
Bremner, Chaddiew 6 J00 0 nl. 
tBrown, Frederick Warner....... A 


Brown, Irene Bremner (Mrs. 
Frederick Warner)......... ealues 
Brown. Letta Mayo ciclo ee eee 


Brown, Rosalie Stewart 


see ree seee 


Brown, Dr. Susan Willard..... bel 


Brownlee, Theresa Isabella....... 
Bruff, Dr. William Cortland 
Bruff, Miriam Atwater 
(Mrs. Wm. Cortland).......... 
Bruneau, Faye Elinore........... 
Brunemeier, Christine....... aud’ ale 


Buck, Fannie Lorraine........... 
Bunger, Brances May iat ert. scree 
Burdeshaw, Rhoda. ...4.......2. 
Bussdicker, Dr. Russel David..... 
Bussdicker,. Lulu. Blanche Gillis 

Chriss Rinesell TOL a Li. oe i 
Bysted, Louis Christian,......... 
*{Calmes, Marquis Fielding....... 
PCanciimmebecca esa wa elu! 
Carlson, Calvin Edwin........... 
Carlson, Carol Elizabeth Hammond 

(Mist Calvin Eee eee ies. 
Carlson, Carl Fridolf.....:....... 
Carlson, ies Caroline Matson 

CMres Sarl) Ni See See ha 
Carpenter, wAlice Margaret.. 
Carpenter, Dora Ann 


ee eeee 


ey 


Patri val mabiney. i vlek ois cue wis 0b 
Garr) Wesley Mo.\3 5 cece: aly teh 
Caswell, Mary Kathleen.......... 


Caughman, Carl Broadfoot 
Chamberlain, Hazel I. 

Champe, Howard Cruil...... abies 
tChase, Rolland Whitfield........ 
Childs, Gladwyn Murray......... 


Chisholm, Dr. William Hugh..... 
Clark, Cavie Jewell........... ea 
Clark, Leila Mott 


ee 


Claussen, Susie Emma........... 
Coates, Janet Chestnut 

LW xian tran itis Se aTS “ecg 5 
Collier, William Bordley.......... 
Collier, pees Ruth Hecker 

CMMs Was Dove aicteiienosleay e 
tCollins, hate Charles. ........- 
Colony, Lucile....... iettsvar ds! 9: 3 


Cooley, (Ciifford' Oras 0) oo v4). 014 0s 3's 
Cooley, Flossie Myrtle Tilton (Mrs. 

LEM OCADE ito metere ia a) eiesl cos lal le ake 
*Cooper, Sidney Edward......... 
Copeland, Mary Ruth........... " 


Cornelison, Bernice May...... Bey 
Corson, Emma Tola........... See 
Counts, Paul Melanchthon....... 


Craft, Ruth Justice....... 
Crewdson, Ira Dorwin........... 
Crewdson, Luella May Hill (Mrs. 

Ira Dorwin) ..... 
Cronquist, Vera Irene........-..- 
Cunningham, Collis)... jisles. sce 


ee) 


INSTITUTIONS Fre._p 
U of Virginia, » St. Faith’s Trs..... China... )3),) 
Aone UM A aieten my fetuieta stat mpee far stayeva . Amer 


v Coker C, Baptist Trs. (Louisville). Mexico.... 


U of Chicago, v U of Ill. and Grad.. China..... 
Parke Cow clio e dist eee tale sheleisans India... 
Heidelberg U, » Princeton U Grad., 

T and Grad., State U of Ia. Grad., 

U of Wisconsin Grad............ Japan.... 
Wok Towacyl. oii eyo ue teers nie ios ae Japan. ie. 
Christian Church H (Kansas City), 

9, Gof Missions ues cae geen mdian se 
v anon N and Ind. C, Scarritt 

a Uae ce tabat pla Wie tat ey abate A hee . Amer, 
v ieGclage Cy Rein: Trs, U of 

Missouri M. ore bebe viet shsl lg hina. 
Be CN MoO are niclge eta tie Andra yee 
v Penn C, U of Chicago, Rush M... Korea..... 
Per ee eis lltarrad alah '<laie sedis Korea..... 
BETA SEB cabo ro bg Grea epee es SURREAL S. Amer... 
vy North Western C, Iowa State 

Weachers CG Mulia isan Wy aca uals ANE levels 
v Woman's C of Ala., Scarritt Trs... Mexico.... 
v U of Kansas, Bell Memorial H.... India..... 
Alabama Polytech. Inst., v Asbury C China..... 
U of Cincinnati, y Ohio State U M.. Persia..... 


Oberlin C, » Syracuse U, Lakeside H Persia 


eeeee 





Mission House CandoT....... EA KB steak yaa 
Oglethorpe U, U of Hawaii Grad... Hawaii. 
Weslo ant CoNiai Ny eh Wietateieiaela el cea te S. Amer. 
v Wheaton C, Alliance Trs......... China..... 
v Wheaton C, Alliance Trs......... China..... 
Swedish T (Evanston), Northwest- 

ern U and Grad., 9 Garrett Trs... Korea..... 
Northwestern U, v Evanston H..... Korea..... 
ba Stine | COIR RAUL I Aree rag Ching 2a! 

ppiceee Trs, Chicago Osteopathic 

Sta lec URl Waseca datalelan sua atte lajoeNiare AITICA DS ius 

U a Washington seen nem China..... 
v Randolph-Macon C, Emory U T.. S. Amer... 
v Presbyterian Trs (Chicago), Man- 

itoba N, U of Manitoba......... Priddis ois as 
Newberry C, v Lutheran T.... suindias bn 
NLoodiy i Trs)ayy sel aise sleet . S. Amer... 
®' Earlham iC, Hartford) Tin. ). 0)... Mexico.... 
Lafayette: Ostet aes ne se ert Chantal Lanna 
v Pomona C, Columbia U and Grad., : 

MTEATOTIN Lie ram ata ents a a heaved maura te hove late Africas’: 


v Whitworth C, Scarritt Trs........ 


vC_ of Wooster, Presbyterian H \ 

(Chica os ee ne ee Indias is 
v Bellingham State N, Seattle H.... China..... 
y\ Grok Maritobaleerens Loui Mee ky Formosa., 
v Ohio Wesleyan U, Hartford T.... India..... 
v Ohio Wesleyan U, Miami U...... vidtaie oe 
v Meridian C, Emory U T......... Mexico 
v Miss. State C for Women, State U ! 

OL MO Weinert rterrrelotels ac mraris ctate t Indial./.%).\. 
Central Holiness U........ ASUS Yc China . 
Denison N, v Central Holiness U... China..... 
Toronto pible Cann we vemele ess Canary Is 
Winthron\C seen ial: Swale eystaleta India vias 
Chicago Trs, v U of Idaho......... S. Amer... 
Seattle Pactic Cig iis Vals acess so! ols Panama... 


Newberry C, 9 Lutheran T (Col- 
‘Foon apt Mis Hk OF eka eae ye erie: beh eee Africa’... 
Ursinus C, U of Pennsylvania Grad. China..... 
State U of Iowa, C of Missions Grad., 
PCotneriO Wee ele vied ela ers Vea 


v Hiram C, C of Missions.......... Japan.... 
State N (Moorhead, Minny) nes Ching evan 
Howard C, v Southern Baptist T... Japan..... 


MISSIONARY AGENCY 


Protestant Episcopal 


. Presbyterian (North) 


. Baptist, Southern 


Baptist, Southern 
Methodist Epis., Woman's 


.. Presbyterian (North) 


. Government School 


Government School 


Christian, United 


. Methodist Episcopal, So. 
. Methodist Episcopal, So. 


Presb. United, Women’s 
Methodist Episcopal, So. 


Methodist Episcopal, So. 
Methodist Episcopal 


Evangelical, Woman’s 
Methodist Episcopal. So. 
Methodist Epis., Woman’s 
Methodist Epis., Woman's 
Presbyterian (North) 


Presbyterian (North) 
Reformed in U.S 


11] Mid-Pacific Institute 
. Methodist Epis., South 


Chris. and Miss. Alliance 
Chris. and Miss. Alliance 
Methodist Episcopal 


Methodist Episcopal 
Presbyterian (North) 


Nazarene [ 
Protestant Episcopal 
Methodist Episcopal, So. 


Canadian Presbyterian 
Lutheran, United 
Inland South America 
American Board 
American Univ., Beirut 


American Board 
Presbyterian (North) 


... Methodist Episcopal, So. 


Presbyterian (North) 
China Inland 


. Canadian Presbyterian 


Methodist Episcopal 
Methodist Episcopal 


. Methodist Episcopal, So. 


Methodist Epis., Woman’s 
National Holiness Assn. 


National Holiness Assn, 

Independent 

Presbyterian, United, 
Women's | 

Methodist Epis., Woman's 

Methodist, Free 


Lutheran, United 
Presbyterian (North) 


Christian, United 


. Christian, United 


Methodist Prot., Woman's 
Baptist, Southern 


520 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 








NAME INSTITUTIONS FIELD MISSIONARY AGENCY 

Cunningham, Dr. Edison Rainey.. » Wesley C, U of Manitoba M..... Chinas Canadian Methodist 
Curran, Dr. Jean Alonzo......... v Carelton C, Harvard M.......... China..... American Board 
Daniels, Martha Jeanette......... Edinboro State N, v Boston U...... aparl.jcann Methodist Epis., Woman's 
*Davis, Lloyd Granville.......... v Biblical T (N. Y. ak Maer T Hawaii.... Hawaiian Evangelical 
Dawson, Mary Frances.......... Washington State C.. ASMA TTICA (sb Le Presb. United, Women’s 
*Decter; Minnie aii) seialelis os Ashland C....... EPO Neen) cateta or mae Africa. cil Brethren (Progressive) 
Dickson; Henry fines oe seke hele Southern Methodist U and Grad... W. Indies.. Methodist Episcopal, So. 
Diem, Francis Ernest............ Los Angeles (Tirso) 0/5) os See S. Amer... Inland South America 
* Dixon) LENA cyclin esha g Katcher. Penn CN, U of Iowa H, Bellevue j 

HiGradiUor Omaha tiie. Mexico.... Methodist Episcopal 
Doctor, Ethel Russell............ Maryville Cin ties ele mee Mexico.... Presbyterian (North) 
Dodd, iirene Kern erie sien ane Chicago H, v Eugene Bible U...... Mexico.... Christian, United 
Dodd, Dr. Wilson Farnsworth..... v Princeton U, Cornell U M........ Turkey.... American Board 
*Dome, Arthur Edmund......... v Y.M.C.A. Trs (Springfield, Mass.) China..... iY. | Mi GisA, 
Dortzbach) Fred Wy. ia) ni decisieyeee Metropolitan Trs, v Asbury C...... Japan... Omi Mission 
*Downs, Aaron Worth........... Indiana State N, v Penn C, Hart- 

ford, Diy Re Wee eine Cnc enae NAAN soho 5 American Board 
Duff, William Wendell........... Cedarville C, v Westminster C, Mc- ' 

’ { VY Cormick Ti icen vie ai secotel Indian: Presbyterian (North) 
Dulin, Edith Lilian cs. Gordon Bible} Caecum seein Chinaeyee Baptist (North) Woman’s 
tDungan, Irvine Mitchell......... Ohio State eae ee eee eater Chinaunen's Presbyterian (North) 
Dunning Ada lV cuca, Uae v Manchester C, Bethany Trs...... Chinato ny Brethren, Church of 
Baton, Helen! @rissa siya, ae sain v U of Wisconsin and Grad........ Chinacl. Methodist Episcopal 
TBdwards “yessie)s iyacts seals caveats "LAYIOLIONS tan cok hae te eiceie ee Cnina teas Methodist Epis., Woman’s 
Edwards, Kathleen?) ose oe. 28k Northfield’Trs £3 AS ieainie Oi ener S. Amer... Brethren (Plymouth) 
Bider John eee dite eure wets v Wash. & Jefferson C, McCormick T Persia..... Presbyterian (North) 
Elder, Ruth Deborah Roche (Mrs. 

Blo} ova) warn sbaghy Peay ee ei io weal ey PUR ahagye v Wellesley C, Columbia U, Union T Persia..... Presbyterian (North) 
Biches. Marguerite: ee nate, Union Trs (Brooklyn) KUN aaelavatey e Atricaeune South Africa General 
Bno. Dri ala sae kata cts v Drake U, Woman's M of Pa. and 

Grad Tene ails keeles cus is) sheen Chinasenas Methodist Epis., Woman's 
Eringa, Dotan ace sinenste ns piste ne Central Gye heen ae u ciete eae Ne Dati Reformed in America ; 
*Fankhauser, Rose E............ Homeopathic H (Utica, N. Y.)..... E. Indies... Methodist Episcopal 
Feierabend, Marie D. L. Nottrott 

CES VES ASRS TVA RE 20d UE 0 Evang. Deaconess H, vy Moody Trs.. India..... Evangelical Synod 
tField, Mabel Lamson........... Adal Cre PM ae eine Jaina as apace a American Board 
Bish. Ruth vanities suniente aun U of California, v C of Missions.... S. Amer... Christian, United 
Follette, Justin Percival... .....)... Northwestern U, U of California, 

PLDLEWALT Oe eek t een an Chmainae Methodist Episcopal 


Follette, Clarice Wylie (Mrs. 


NV istare APs) My Meal arate ore Nek WR Wot California sancriuse lt aela siete China. i541) 
Foote, Paulina...... LCL eed yk TL ADOE Cie Me tial neat lene tae Chinn erie 
tForman, Kenneth William....... Ontario Agricultural Cire tvcee India /tcece 
Frederick, Daisy Eva............ Nebraska State N, v Seattle Pacific 

( . CONUS otsCalitornias ty ye ee nets Africa..... 
{Galt, Dr. Curtis Martin: .....5:. v Hastings C, U of Nebraska M.... W. Indies.. 
tGalt, Florence Mabel Moore (Mrs. 

ANIMES) ee otic) ee erie Mime Llp tear na SAY Hastings) Cs een nadie cites ete W. Indies.. 
Gardner, Evelyn Eugenia......... vPeru State N (Nebr.), U of 

{ INebraskat tis So ne Ae tae eae S. Amer. 

Garside, Bettice Alston........... vU of Oklahoma, Kennedy Trs, 

Columbia Ui Grad fig eee Chinaman. 
Gates, Robert Calder............ v Dickinson C, U of Pennsylvania... Africa..... 
Genheimer, William Alpha........ Mood yi Tre ao ae es ole Rie metas Africa..... 
Gernhardt, Ella Mary............ Moody Trs, »y Wheaton C.......... China..... 
Gilmer, Dr. William Painter...... Hampden Sidney C, » M of Virginia Korea..... 
Gipson; Lela Ethel) ives aioe. TitinoisiStatetNi eae ick ae see Africa..... 
Gordony Clarala yy ureineh sat aa lene Bellingham State Niue yee ECOLES eu 
Gordon, Livingstone A........... v U of Nebraska, Princeton T...... IATtiCas seuis 
Goulter, Oswald John............ v Phillips U, Yale U T, C of Missions China..... 
Graf, Martha tains ie v U of Cincinnati, Ohio Wesleyan U China..... 
Graves, Stella Marie............. Oberlin Ce aA ele ieee fate Japan.... 
Gray, Harold Studley............ Harvard Ui. ish wen ai ea China er 
Gray, Laura Clotaire Ley (Mrs. 

VA rOldiS.s)). tennis cet elect ces MomibhiCwrarvard Wii mene Chinasians 
Grey, Dr. Anna Barbara......... Denison U, v U of Chicago and M.. India..... 
¢Griffin, Bertha ve ee Lie rains v Cornell U, U of California........ ’ Panama. Se 
Griffin, Herbert Mark............ U of Minnesota, ov Moody Trs../).,. China:...: 
Griffin, Levee Luella McMunn 

(Mrs IM nae Dye nate Moody, Drs iain ice else states tens China’. 22 
Gulick, Gladys Ramsey (Mrs. 

Leeds) ii Wenner deloy ty ne Carnegie Tech., » Northwestern U.. Japan..... 
Gwinn, Alice Elizabeth........... v Washington State N, U of Wash- 

ington, Kennedy 2 he ee ane Japan..... 
Hagstrom, Mathilda............. Moody) Tree aah aa Chinato. . 
fHaines, Charles Huston......... PrincetoniUy vieiaslewnemne aaiaoais © Chinacse.s 
Hakken, Bernard Daniel......... Hope C) Westerni Twice. dese Arabia.... 
Hakken, Elda Tona Van Putten 

(Mrsi BADD ICr eSB Mit hye irs HopeliG nae nlsciniuak tose sehen eters Arabia... 
Hall: Dorcaglt ae ie oe Allegheny C, » Chicago Trs........ Indiaietc 
Hall Nell fi kpanne tien eeu ptasion s Croft IndtstrialiArts soy ake nai China suas 
Halverson, Emil Winfield........ U of Minnesota, » Moody Trs...... S. Amer... 
Hamel, Johan Carel........ ..... Horticulture C, » Moody Trs, Mc- 

Cormick Ti Drew \Tir88 eves eee E. Indies. . 


Methodist Episcopa 
Mennonite Brethren 
Presbyterian (North) 


Methodist, Free ; 
Pres. (No.) Ho., Woman's 


Pres. (No.) Ho., Woman’s 


.. Methodist Episcopal 


Presbyterian (North) 
Methodist Episcopal 
South Africa General 
Presbyterian (North) 
Presbyterian (South) 
United Brethren 

Union School 
Presbyterian, United 
Christian, United 
Methodist Epis., Woman's 


. American Board 


Protestant Episcopal 


Protestant Episcopal 
Baptist (North) Woman's 
Methodist Episcopal 
China Inland 


China Inland 
American Board 
American Board 
Swedish Covenant Mis. 


Canton Christian Col. 
Reformed in America 


. Reformed in America 


Methodist Epis., Woman's 
Baptist, Southern 
Inland South America 


Methodist Episcopal 


SAILED LIST——-I9Q22 


NAME INSTITUTIONS FIELD 
Hamel, Kathryn Ossentjuk (Mrs. 

onan Carel) tesa asa areata @ Moody, 1 rs; Drew Toseausteecs «os E. Indies 
Hamilton Buford Lindsay........ Erskine C and T, Moody Trs, Prince- 

ton 1, .9 Biblical) T (N.Y. C2). 2) Indias... 
Hamilton, Frances W. Pressly 

MMe butord) 11.) 5 serene eerie Moody Urs. ioo ste te cealbecatater Ate daa Encdiawe ac 
anna, Vora’ Lula viene ae. vee Missouri State N, v Agrl. & Mech. 

OP OCAITILL IETS ca areata ote. Mexico.... 
mansoty Westaere ceases eee Chicago Trs, v Swedish Covenant H China..... 
PIATOSHAWsIROSAe cu, nde eee ae v Methodist U of Okla., Boston U... India..... 
Hardy, Helen Elizabeth.......... v Randolph Macon Woman's C, 

Northwestern Uses yoyo e is. S. Amer. 
tHarris, Harold Vernon.......... v U of Southern California......... China 
tHarris, Frankie Lois Lucas (Mrs. San Diego State Teachers’ C, » U } 

EISAV a) rte ce oar cee cite ails of Southern California.......... Chinatvent. 
aslersADDieko coche siatedn cues bors Indiana State N, vIndiana U...... Engiaws st. 
Helser, ‘Albert, Dies tan ee cs ose Ohio U, » Manchester C......-....- Africa....: 
Henderson, Lois Elizabeth........ v Moody Trs, Bellingham State N.. Korea..... 
Henley, William Frederic......... Wihittier OVS ean Cie Seen iiniok Men, Alaska.... 
Henley, Maria W. Walker (Mrs. 

Wiis Mredericyt: | foun cet ne Wihrttier: Come ie Nee t nettles ders Alaska.... 
Hewson, Marguerite Emily....... Seattle Trs, »v Willamette U........ Philippines 
*Hicks, Albert James............ Massachusetts Agricultural C...... TIGA eres) 
*Hill, Ethel Gertrude............ v Western C for Women, Congrega- 

tionalsirs (Chicago) ines aces. Jabbar) AGED 
Hobart whenneth, Gs. soe 5 aes U of California and v Grad., Baptist 

AC CaliE eeu ree a ok ilencarneva aia Chinanes 
Hoffmann, Jeanette......::...... Newark N. New York U and Grad, 

PTO W sl eie hata bau clshalabo tral ouite S. Amer 
Hollis, Fanny Baker............. Bridgewater N, v Gordon Bible C... W. Indies 
Hollows, Bessie Alice............. Boston Ui sie we ie la kilns ates nae hobket-Wnuan 
Holsted, Dr. Milo Ernest......... v Wheaton C, Biblical T (N. Y. C.) ; 

; Cornell UM eri iarshe sates actchees ndia..... 
*Hopkirk, Dr. Clarence Cowles.... U of Colorado, U of Iowa, North- 

if western Ur) (Mite se\e cas laa Korea..... 

Howard, Philip Eugene, Jr........ v Haverford C, U of Pennsylvania.. Belgium... 
Hoyt, Dr. Hubbard Spencer...... Occidental C, » U of California and 

MPR cena crc sigtarine esesata oleate eta Korea..... 
Ihde, William Alfred............ we Asbury Ci Drewidya aise wise ileeters Japanese. 
Ikenberry Ernest LeeRoy........ 9 McPherson C, Yale U\T 000. 5. Ching vai. 
Ikenberry Olivia Dickens (Mrs. 

ErriestMLecRoyyaw vate ds cries Oberlin C, y McPherson C and Grad China..... 
mnie woh Maricwa, case ea. .)2)s v Berea C, Hartford T, Oberlin T... Africa..... 
Imrie, Eleanor Mary Coe (Mrs. 

JobrpMarie) Beare eaele oR AINE v Berea C, Oklahoma U........... Africa..... 
Irschick, Leon Eugene Lucienne... Waterloo C, Ontario Agrl. C, 

d : Evangelical Luth. T, » Biblical T. India..... 
Irwin, Charles Lewis............. v C of Emporia, McCormick T..... Ghinaeeris * 
Irwin, Vera Irene McCormick 

(Mrss@haemieres. tease cea ks Grol Eniporiacepiasd teescen teins ose. Chinaw.nt 
Jacob, Floy Christine Wright (Mrs. » ae dae C, Baptist Trs (Louis- 2 

RODELEL As) atria el tera oss < sss VILLE ee ees hae aero saints Moret HINA Vite sie 
Jameson, Dr. William John....... Union Cre Albany Maianusceec. ee Ceylon 
Johnson, Abner Hugh............ v Drake U, Clot Missionssite se S. Amer 
Johnson, Olive C. Adamson (Mrs. 

Abneriittigh) senor cou v Drake U, C of Missions.......... S. Amer 
*Johnson, Edith Lydia........... Seattte General iH iia. cori wie ,. Alaska 
Jones, Arleigh Willard............ PenniGi9.Chicaeoslv a asic vues siete s Palestine 
sone Christina Hunter Hendry 

(Mrsv AUW Dien ate se les Pent paler eins packets st ater te Palestine. . 
Jones, Junia) Neatanmriuc seen... Woman's C of Ala., v Scarritt Trs... W. Indies.. 
Jordan, Mabel Laura............ org State N, Los Angeles _ 

Se Sh CEI FETS SANE MAI iratoere < 
ra Bl Benjamitisas oes ac! 3s SOULMELT Usa pels Cea a cies eaels nda ienis 

Isbeck, Wilhemina............ Union rs’ (Brooklyn)? oases iiss China..... 
*Karg, Bertha Katherine......... Otterbein) USEC ee eave Na tepahe oe W. Indies 
Kesters [da Magic: fo sirece es be Wop mouth: Dalcotaiany cote vsetecel sts. s.asess China..... 
Kellar, Frederick Joseph.......... v Ohio Wesleyan U, Boston U T.... Africa..... 
Kellar, Sag Mary Griffith (Mrs. London N (Ont.), v Methodist Trs 2 

Bredk: Je seeaerk cae is bes (Toronto), Boston! Usaeniiacaacs Africa..... 
Kennedy, Paul Dungany.. sss). v Cotner C, C of Missions......... Philippines 
otras Salts Ann Brokaw 

EMrsabpatl Ds)seee rete eee v Cotner C, C of Missions......... Philippines 
King, Dr. Frances Willard........ Huron C, v U of Minnesota M..... China..... 
King, Winifred Estelle........... Woodstock C and Women’s Chris- 

tian C (India), »U of Southern : 

UTES Me Sere eS alc wis) stad Ok scya-b Indiawics. 
Warmers Mariani sists sree clea. csi vee New sie etc State N, » Los Angeles 
MUNG ee etre Conca a'e's vonahe OLea nesta 
Kirn, Stanley Paul..... pore hiae sic v North Western C, Evang. T (Ill.). China..... 
Kirn, Esther Anna Weihing (Mrs. 

PLAMIOY POUL isis e oils sci aele wee North Western Crean aueuidee seh: Chingyes ses 
WIOD, ISRO Ehscttis oy. 0)s.00-+.6, 0.00 Mansfield State N, v Gordon Bible C India. 
aontads be tinpenrtins cs oo ccs ced che Moody Traverse totes rales Indias... 


521 


MISSIONARY AGENCY 


. Methodist Episcopal 


Pres., Associate Ref. 
Pres., Associate Ref. 
Methodist Episcopal, So. 


Swedish Mis. Covenant 
Methodist Epis., Woman's 


. Methodist Episcopal, So. 
. Peking University 


Peking University 
Methodist Epis., Woman’s 
Brethren, Church of 
Presbyterian (North) 
Friends of California 


Friends of California 
Methodist Epis., Woman’s 
American Board 
Presbyterian (North) 


Baptist (Northern) 


.. Methodist Episcopal 
. Baptist (No.) Ho., 


| : Woman's 
Methodist Epis., Woman’s 


Baptist (Northern) 


Presbyterian (North) 
Belgian Gospel 


Presbyterian (North) 
Methodist Episcopal 
Brethren, Church of 


Brethren, Church of 
Presbyterian (North) 


Presbyterian (North) 


Lutheran, United 
Presbyterian (North) 


Presbyterian (North) 
Baptist, Southern 


. American Board 
. Christian, United 


... Christian, United 
. Presbyterian (No.) Home 
. Friends, American 


Friends, American 
Methodist, Episcopal, So. 


Presbyterian (North) 
Methodist Episcopal 
Reformed, Christian 


.. United Brethren 


Methodist Epis., Woman's 
Methodist Episcopal 


Methodist Episcopal 
Christian, United 


Christian, United 
Shangai Union Medical 
Methodist Epis., Woman's 


Presbyterian (North) 
Evangelical Church 


Evangelical Church 
. Baptist (North) Woman’s 
Evangelical Synod 


522 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 








NAME INSTITUTIONS FIEL_p 
Korling, Bertil Lundberg......... American Inst. of Banking......... Africa..... 
Kulp, farold Stover......scseeee West Chester State N, 9 Toniste Gis) Africa....% 
Lampertz, Edward J............. v Central Wesleyan C............. S. Amer... 
Lang, Christina Elizabeth........ New England T, New England H... India..... 
Lanham, pe Wesley i eee ess v Oklahoma City C, Boston U T.... India..... 
Lanham, Daisy Belle Wallace (Mrs. 

Torn Wide ans cise eleiosieicicle eielels tis v Oklahoma Methodist U, Boston U T India..... 
Larsson, Ernest Bernadott........ v North Park C, U of Chicago et Ak Alaska. 
Lautenschlager, Roy S.........-.. v Huntington Cc U of Michigan.... China..... 
Lautenschlager, Harriet Grace Mil- 

ler i( Mira. RS oR Bea ty s v Huntington C, U of Michigan Grad China..... 
Lawton, Mary Elizabeth......... vy Winthrop C, Baptist Trs (Louis- 

VIS) Meee a entaee oT eou Widieteteletals China..... 
Lee, Alma’ Gladysiiit viel let siecle nie ols v9 Hamline U, Columbia U Grad.... Cen. Am... 
Lee, Rubie Kathleen............. v Asbury C, Scarritt Trs....... feeismWESOTES.2/ae 
Lehman, Lois Alberta............ v Hiram C, C of Missions, National 

Kind. S (Chicago) i caries aed NAPA a.) 
Leininger, Albert A.........eeee- Albright C, » Biblical T (N. Y.C.).. Japan..... 
Leonard, Homer Gut nee cisjerece avnre Wittenberg Cy), Faso wcjae cee ALricgys tii. 
Leonard, Valma Laughbaum (Mrs. ‘ 

Homer C. ) ivy teased ele tae Talal exes) ajar Wittenberg C..... RA ticitt Malka Africa..... 
Liechty, Reuben Edward......... Bitton MOL. sag etsuiaremieem irene Europe... 
Lines, Ira Raymond. .........00. Hirai Coe oe Os een store sas sevaret Bose Mexico... 
Littlejohn, jane THOMAS, iL steeietee v Furman U, Southern Baptist T... China..... 
Lockwood, Dr. Marian Dwight.... 9 Wellesley C, U of California and M Africa..... 
tLoos, George William, Jr......... PrincetonvU tiene salen ies Galerie iate China..... 
*Lorbeer, Floyd Irving........... v Pomona C, Oberlin T, Pacific T... Japan..... 
Lorbeer, Elizabeth Claire Utt (Mrs. 

Bla yal Tay aes laeie relate aparece v Pomona C, U of California, PacificT Japan..... 
peed Reginald Charles......... U of Southern Calif., v Occidental Cc, 

Los Angeles Trs, Presbyterian T 

(Cahir saa: AU ereletepeleie Nee eters © India er ee 
Lund, Hilda’ Theresa... 2.26 Jes os v Bethel S, Swedish H (Minneapolis) Africa..... 
tLytton, Ruth Twila............. vOhio Wesleyan U, Teachers’ C 

CNSR eC) Uon Ee eee apane foie 
Maguire, Agnes Cuthbert......... Erire ka (2 es ee aaah foal . Indies.. 
Manchester, Alan Kribbs......... Southwestern UchK wim. serie a niet S. Amer... 
Mann, Edith Gertrude........... v Acadia U, U of British Columbia... India..... 
Mann, Winifred Evenden......... New epee N, wv Teachers’ 

On AS 2 oO MM at Liab Du ba Philippines 
Maniweitler, Grace. cisde'clc's ine sie'cle Tos Angeles Tres iiieclec se cheree a's ake S. A 
Mather ins Mies aie ise cise cies ae iets Toronto Bible C 
Matthews, Harold Shepard....... v Grinnell C, Chicago T 
Matthews, Grace Hazel Waters | 

CMe Soe iis ie wievelpustousesissels Grinnell Coe cede ier ele ulate aletolone 
May, Paulie ctv oy ey an Northwestern U 
McAllester, Allen Egbert......... Cornell y elaearehe areyale la (alsl shnislels Mistsee 





McGavock, James William 
McGavock, Catherine Elizabeth 





Hall (Mrs. Jas) WM.) ies. Moody N, » Baptist Trs heh S. Amer.. 
McIntosh, Florence Lillian.. .. Alliance Trs, v Toronto Bible C. Africa..... 
McKnight, James Patton......... Westminster C, vPa. State a of 

Biblical Ti (NAV Vu. ae re asters Africa..... 


McKnight, Minnie Elizabeth Rapp 





(Mire Pasa Pid vocten ste e nlsieear ate v Pennsylvania State C, Biblical T.. Africa..... 
McKnight, Mary Jane...... .. v0 Westminster C, Biblical T (N. Yee C.) Africa..... 
McMakin, Mary Alice........... Lander C, v Scarritt Trs........... K 
McNeil, Pearl Irene.. ahs ny Methodist Trs (Toronto) esi tie: 

McQuie, Ae ae eee eae ton .. v Hillsdale C, U of Chicago.. fs 
Meeks, Ellis Arthur............. Ollivet Ure le NO ne ae ie I 
Megaffin, Blanche Isabel U of Manitoba, v Methodist Trs 
(Toronto) see A eee tae Rea Napan saece 
Merrill, Gertrude Hersom........ v Bates C, Roosevelt H............ Africa. sss 
Merrill, Dr. Ralph Edward....... Bates C,» Harvard M............ China..... 
Miller, Alice Marie............+. v Skidmore Sch. of Arts, Ohio Wes- 
leyan U, Boston U M........... Koreace. ss 
tMiller, Theodore Evan.......... Lafayette Cd Le OM at Africa..... 
‘Miller, William Newlon.......... v Mt. Hermon S, Washington and 
Jefferson: Cul. sewcc sien eeee KOTeA «, war 
Minnis, Jesse F......... a Sioleure:o/ de Elon C, » Westminster T......... SATII). sts 
Mitchell, Hattie Poley........... v Eugene Bible C, C of Missions... Africa..... 
Mokma, Gerald Adrian.......... Central Cisse Geert ee eases. Japan: si... 

Ore, Ethel Cas aawal aici aiexeinle Los*Angeles [16... ta ieutesisiaice cy ote S. Amer.. 
Moreland, ucae Harlsisees \elless'e « Southern Methodist U............ S. Amer... 
Morgan | DrejJulaviee.nccsclee nts Dickinson C and Grad., U of Penn- 

Sylvania Mee Pky idee ctecistecd China eees 
*Morgan, William Henry......... v Clemson Agrl. & Mech. C, Van- 
Gerbils Ne ea a toast vate Europe... 
Mivers i tithc Ledeen ale aislalae eietayer ele DePauw U, » Northwestern U...... China..... 
Narbeth, Edith Gwendoline....... Lemple: Ui gu eee eet he ak Africa ..... 
*Naylor, Rebecca Ethel.......... Mt. Union C, State N (Kent, O.), 
f a Cleveland ‘Tre? oan t saat aoe Chinas... 
Nedergaard, Dr. Niels........... Dana C, U of Chicago T, U of 
Nebraska and 9 M, Biblical T. ...;, Siam... «|. 


MISSIONARY AGENCY 


Baptist (Northern) 
Brethren, Church of 
Methodist Episcopal 
Advent, Woman’s 
Methodist Episcopal 


Methodist Episcopal 


. Swedish Mission Covenant 


Presbyterian (North) 
Presbyterian (North) 


Baptist, Southern 
Methodist Episcopal 
Methodist Episcopal, So. 


Christian, United 
Evangelical Church 
Lutheran, United 


Lutheran, United 

. Friends’ Relief 

. Y.M. CLA. 

Baptist, Southern 
Presbyterian (North) 
Princeton-in-Peking 
Omi Mission 


‘Omi Mission 


Presbyterian (North) 
Baptist (North) Woman’s 


Methodist Epis., Woman's 
Christian, United 
Methodist Episcopal, So. 
Canadian Baptist 


Protestant Episcopal 
olivian Indian 

Sudan Interior 

American Board 


American Board 
Methodist Epis., Woman's 
American Board 


. Baptist, Southern 
. Baptist, Southern 


Sudan Interior 
Presbyterian, United 


Presbyterian, United 
Presb. United, Women’s 
Methodist Epis., South 
Canadian Meth., Woman’s 
Methodist Epis., Woman's 


... Pilgrim Holiness 


Canadian Meth., Woman's 
American Board 
Methodist Episcopal 


Methodist Epis., Woman’s 
American Univ., Cairo 


Independent 

Methodist Protestant 
Christian, United 
Reformed in America 

. Inland South America 
Methodist Episcopal, So. 


Methodist Epis., Woman’s 


a) Mien NEGA 


Methodist Epis., Woman’s 
Methodist Epis., Woman’s 


Friends of Ohio 
Presbyterian (North) 





SAILED LIST—1922 








NAME INSTITUTIONS FIELD 
Nelson, Mabel Florence.......... Berkeley Hy Giee Nei pies oleae wate aioe Persia..... 
Nelson, Selma Marie............. Moody Drs tere re rae ernie aote China....: 
Newton, Rachel Steeves.......... v Coker C, Westhampton C........ Chinas. 
Nicholson, Joseph Ernest......... Alsance Tre! o) MutuAladeenics. Africa..... 
Nixoniilarmon: Sis feet ee Valparaiso U, v Moody Trs........ Africa... «6 
Nolin, Ruth Evelyn Hemenway 

(Mrs. Wm. Wallace)........... v Kalamazoo C, U of Washington... Africa..... 

*{O Brien, Dr. Henry Riri ie. s,.:2 v Washburn C, Kansas U Grad., U 

of Michigan Meee ere eerie ane Siam ssi. 
Oliver; Richard (Big suo oeee sta Toronto Bible! Gwyn tists slenetoele Africas...) 
Ollis, Mrs. Anna Geeselman....... Pa. State H, v Philadelphia Trs.... Africa..... 
Otte, Helen Elizabeth............ Feidelberg, U2 een ti ae lee Evra i ANA. 25s 
Ovenshire, Laura Belle........... SYLACUSELU, 3 cidvs s\thanvanene g eeeperaiereente ndia..... 
*Owens, Rachel Louise Wood (Mrs. 

A.C. ) NOIAL At PIGS PI DO TOR ees rot Em poriatitit sae Leer atuecenwele sae Chinas. 5. 
Packer, JOSEPHINE UR vasicseciels.c coe Iowa Methodist H, » Chicago Trs... S. Amer. 
Painter, Bernice paitee. AS tented White Memorial H, » Moody Trs... Africa..... 
Palmore, Peyton Lee.. Hampden-Sidney C; v Princeton tT. Japan. 05% 
Palmquist, Ethel. ..... . Gustavus Adolphus C............. Chinas.) 
Park, Bertha Frances....... . 2 Eureka C, C of Missions......... Chinas 
tParker, James Strong PPSLOIE CULM E evaleuls enue a etale tou tatrs Indias) ie 
Parker RU V Mavis! swereis esis ale d v Battle Creek C, Cincinnati Trs Indinf)s,.7. 
Parker, Ruth Pon Rubin (Mrs. 

BdwiniGraham)ajeiies ca lon cclets v Colorado State Teachers’ C, Park C India..... 
PATS IV Cay ECHO tis apsie cre aiave bis Purdue U, » Chicago Trs.......... ance BA IAN 
Paulson, Teonard vas erate cee sie aheers Iowa State CRAM G ele lneneuaredaate . Amer.. 
*Peabody, Allen Stone........... Y. M. C. A. Trs (Springfield, iy ) Ching ideeie 
Pearson, Fred Bunyan........... v Howard C) Southern Baptist T... Palestine. . 
tPedley, Florella Foster.......... Mount Holyoke Oe ie EAN RANT apan..... 
Phelps, Persis Meu an aes v Greenville C, Blodgett H......... Data we 


Phillips; Albert Rufus............ v Wake Forest C, Southern Bapt. T S. Amer... 
“igen Ruth Burnley Cook (Mrs. v accion C, Baptist Trs (Louis- 





HOLE, Fei) erareatal dev AUR lei lace ictereiell hy VILLE) gareieeer shu,levplciare ec slatere eeiblercis late S. Amer 
tPhillips, Ruby Mabel........... Wellesley: Gouin ce ire ni rt aia clit India e \: 
Pierce, Mildred Lydia............ OTe Cage MAM ola ote: Sialafate's TAdials ai." 
Pincock, Dr. Thomas Alexander... U of Manitoba M................ China. ..).: 
Pincock, Ida _ Bernice Whipple 

(Maras Boas A: ited evar ceaica ts v Provincial N, U of Manitoba..... Chinals .h/55 
Pinkerton, Pranic Csi),0'... sis olste's v Southwestern Presbyterian U, Vir- 
ginia Ui, Maryland Uo ess. Cen, Am... 
Platt, Edith Stratton (Mrs. eset 
OEE deities MAH eee eae Wellesley Gc iaties a nienls Uieeteretai China..... 
tPorter, Gwynaeth Rankin....... v C of Wooster, Pres. H (Chicago).. India..... 
*Potee, Kenneth Leon............ v Cotner C, C of Missions Grad.... India..... 
*Potter, Emerson Carlisle........ Methodist Trs (Nashville), Colorado 
Statesleachers|| Civ es ates os S. Amer 
*Potter, Eva Inez Leazer (Mrs. 
PUMETBON i mentosch be cre als’ < Sle. MorningtideiO sii s stcinceeals se’ S. Amer... 
Precise, Anna Ethel Pearl........ W. Texas State N, v Methodist U of 

y Oklahoma, Boston U............ Indiai a 
Precise, Myrtle Lorena........... Okla. Methodist Epis. H, » Boston U India..... 
Rackham, George Edward........ Acadia U, Mt. Allison U and » Grad., | 

BNO Dy) VICEOTIBFG Ly toda cco tes China... 
Rackham, Nellie Elizabeth Tait j 
(Mrs. George Hvac distce niles ose Nova Scotia N, v Methodist Trs.... China..... 
Redman, Lesse Winnifred........ Los Angeles vi rsie a cenajeasienelee ate 6 S. Amer 
Reik, Hise de Memes es cc es Milwaukee State N, v Northwestern ‘ 
AU Oruianretenvere Beppe letona relate ateitols INAN Gas 
Reitz, Beulah Helen............. Kansas CityU; 9 Baket) Uo 53. Africa. ites: 
Riechers, Dorothea S............ MOOR Y TTS wie is Leak ihe plldieibbetciate Glob Li 
Riecke, Gertrude Elizabeth....... v Moody Trs, Evang. Deaconess H.. Cen. Am... 
Riemann, Elizabeth Johanna Augusta Moody Trs............00eeeecuee PAL LICA slats ole 
Riley, Herbert James............ vC of Pacific. U of Southern Cal- 
WOTHIA Lescol hati nice ee a slesfele Philippines 
Ristey Dr Rose Aly. shade ile «te 010 2 U of Kansas and M............. India;.... 
Robinson, Martha Elizabeth...... U of Pittsburgh, Ohio Wesleyan U, 
® Biblical TyiCNiae Ve Coie relaa erates Africa... 
Robson, Horace Greeley.......... v tg U, U of Denver, Boston U, 
Ronning, Chester Alvin.......... Camrose Lutheran C, » U of Alberta China tty 
Ross, Hazel Marjorie............ Philadelphia N, v Moody Tras slik . Amer. 
Rouse, LAMA MAOIs tetera bens Methodist Trs (Toronto) AWE ceeehele China yiiths 
Ruhl, Hesser Clapham........... Franklin & Marshall C, » Park C, ‘ 
Hartford sl eee ete emetaic's ae China. Js03 
Ruhl, Sophie Katherine Foster 
, (Mrs. H in LON IE vay NL a ee ene Brym MawriO winencsms cticcaecesiae China..... 
Runyan, Alfred Cookman. WAR BORET Ustad acheistactstalsiejeteits Gasierers Ching .is.\2 
Russel, Agnes Scott.............. v Los Angeles Trs, Hastings C...... S. Amer 
Russell, Esther Arrilla............ aes erate N, vKansas State , 
AGEL 5 sti ate a eiera ash ctablpaistaieteys Mexico 
Schaffer, Etelka Marie........... New. see State N, Newton T.... Africa..... 
Scheirich, Anna Beta............ v Baldwin Wallace CG; Columbia U.. China..... 
Schroer, Gilbert William......... a House C and 9 Tr Kennedy 
PAF ovis dataloemivicete'e VN Solete winisinie apan..... 


bare Ja | 
* 


MISSIONARY AGENCY 


Presbyterian (North) 
Swedish Alliance Mis. 
Baptist, Southern 

Chris. and Miss. Alliance 
Africa Inland 


Presbyterian, United 


Internat’l Health Board 
Sudan Interior 

Africa Inland 

Reformed in U. S. 
Methodist Epis., Woman’s 


Presbyterian (North) 


. Methodist Epis., Woman’s 


Assemblies of God 
Methodist Episcopal, So. 
Lutheran Augustana 
Christian, United 
American Board 
Methodist Epis., Woman’s 


Presbyterian (North) 
Methodist Epis., Woman's 
MINOT ES CNS 

Vai COvAar 

Baptist, Southern 
American Board 
Methodist, Free 

Baptist, Southern 


. Baptist, Southern 


American Board 
Methodist Epis., Woman's 
Canadian Methodist 


Canadian Methodist 
Central American Mis. 
Y. M.C. A. 


Presbyterian, United 
Christian, United 


. Methodist Episcopal 


Methodist Episcopal 


Methodist Epis., Woman’s 
Methodist Epis., Woman's 


Canadian Methodist 
Canadian Methodist 


... San Pedro 


Methodist Epis., Woman’s 
Methodist Epis., Woman’s 
Evangelical Synod 
Evangelical Synod 

Africa Inland 


Methodist Episcopal 
Methodist Epis., Woman’s 


Methodist Epis., Woman's 


Methodist Episcopal 
Lutheran, Norwegian 


. Inland South America 


Canadian Meth., Woman’s 
Reformed in U. S. 


Reformed in U.S. 
Methodist Episcopal 


. Presbyterian (North) 
... Methodist Epis., South 


Baptist (North) Woman’s 
Methodist Epis., Woman's 


Reformed in U. S. 


524 


CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 








NAME INSTITUTIONS FIe._p 
Schroer, Cornelia Lydia Rodeheffer 

(Mrs. Gai) SoEAnis italiane s pve Heidelberg Ui \.i5) Seis sete ss ws cele Japan..... 
Schubert, William Everett........ v U of Southern California and Grad, 

Drew. \ Tie) eo Bite wis tales oierea cee Chinas 204 
Scott Ar Pearl: hyvoe mrieucietenspertts v Toronto N, McMaster U......... Inciage ieee 
Scruton!) EtheliCriee sua ae Presbyterian Irs (Toronto) °.), 2.1. Korea..... 
Seagrave, Dr. Gordon Stifler...... v Denison U, Johns Hopkins U..... india ii ie 
tSeele, Keith Cedric............. Gof Woobter canes one Waite Africa..... 
Septer, Mina Pearl. .5 3)... 30)... Los Angeles Drs. otha see eter S. Amer 
*Shattuck, Angelo Eusebius....... 7 Beloit C,;Yale\U Pac. sae ee Hawaii 
Shaw, Mark Revell Sadler........ Ohio Wesleyan U and Grad., v Bos- 

bos UO) Diss PER oie oud te te clove ee apan 
Shaw; Hota Vso lets vewicuten Unesco. Toronto See cee cae eee eee China 3.\.bi 
tShedd, Susan Jane...,........... ee C, v Vassar C, Carnegie 

TCH ae alees ete gace ile Gielen mete eae POrsia ysieceis 
Sheffey, Dr. Charles Phillips Mahood » Randolph Macon C, Johns Hopkins ie 

A RE Da rictel PRACR eats eA Suan TECH ceisler 

*Sheldon, Chauncey Burt......... Pomona C, v Los Angeles Trs...... Africans. 
Sherk, Elgin Af SAS ied a Nasa RE v Syracuse U, Chicago U.......... Persia..... 
Sherk, Joy Kelsey Smith (Mrs. 

Elgin) jae cae sieve ries sleane Oberlin C, U of Cincinnati......... POLSIA® cles 
*Sherman, Lottie Jilson (Mrs. yIndiana Central U, Otterbein C, 

PortersAlberty ieee aie sees Utot: Michigan Vac teen India, cise 
Sholty,/Alva Hobart inne etijes ot ValesUiT Weve ee Pie te ee eerie Japan..... 
Sholty, Ruth E. Conley (Mrs. Alva 

Hobart) ee ee eke wee ate cee vy Otterbein C, Yale Ui T7735. tae apan..... 
*Shute, vA EANCOM ernest he 9 Cornell’C, Drew. Tica eh ese ndia, 
*Six Ray dis aie ate tia aie alent e v U of Oklahoma, Phillips U Grad.. China..... 
Skepstad, JORD See Liou tle de emeeee v St. Olaf C, Lutheran T (Minn.)... China..... 
Sloan, Nell Simpson (Mrs. W. C.) Texas Christian U,vCof Missions.. India..... 
Smith; lara vey c ke ws peice elevates ee Towa State Cie iahissnien tee cance (Chingin vate 
Smith, Charles Eugene........... v Iowa State C, Kennedy Trs...... Africa..... 
Smith, Viola Leora Smith (Mrs. 

Charles!Eugene) it el seen. Kennedy iI rsvas ssc stinks om cletent cree Africa..... 
tSmith, Dwight Chichester....... FY aleve SAAS Cains cot tkiele Ay Ne ee China‘... 
Smith, (HllenvE oe alae ne as wee Coe Celeste cuiatites eet nat Ok ei mae China 
Smith"EHarliMartin: 224: 0... seco v Telana Stanford U, Garrett Trs, 

Northwestern. Ue te cei S. Amer... 


Smith, Bessie Marie Archer (Mrs. v Bradley Polytech. Inst., Ohio Wes- 

‘Barly Martin) icsec ek aon aieicle lars leyan U, Northwestern U Grad... S. 
Smith, Hazel Katherine.......... ArinityLULane eee oe cere Coker 
Sutuges, Paith Marys. cece e > Georgetown Cain othe tons onto oie China... :.. 
tSomerville, Jean Houston........ v New brunswick N, Macdonald C.. China 


*Speers, James Milliken, Jr........ Princeton) U hasten ee eee ee 4G. nie 
Stoddar Sai Newton Luccock 

(Mrs Rossii.) nants ee lbs v Western C for Women, Cof Wooster China..... 
Stone MyrtleiM eee ee. sea. Oneonta N, v Boston aga ey Lae hing’... is 
Story, Harry Hayward........... v Southern Baptist T, U of Calif.... Alaska 


Stover, Thomas Bertram......... 


Furman U, v Southern Baptist T. S. 
Strang Grace Os eee eum 


Los Angeles N, Alliance Trs, v U of 


Southern California............. Arabia 
Strobel, Charles Ralph........... v Western Reserve U, Yale U T.... China..... 
Strock, Ada) Emma we lara sie ote nels Keystone State N, v Chicago roe apantc. sc 
Stuckert, Beatrice Elizabeth Paton ’ 
(Mrs: Robt.\G. ieee a rales Oberlin’ © ses) 2 ac en eos eee Turkey.... 
Swift, Carol Smith (Mrs. Robert » Kansas Wesleyan U, Northwestern 
Dean) LAM are Vhaite ete tate We tenases erties Hose , Garrett: Treipies sects cele Malaysia 
Sylvester, Lida‘EBas.. e246 ck 6. es Toronta Bible Chics es ert ieeee Africaniuass 
tTarbell, Carrie Aurora.......... Keene N, v Gordon Bible C........ Chinatnic sn 
Taylor, Rasety Mavic! oe pensrde there eters Moodysbrs tins sre tal cian see bie Africa sien 
Taylor, Dr. Lorena Belle......... Kansas State Agrl. C, Cedarville C 
Grad., v American Osteopathy.... India..... 


Maylor,, Mapeltieccs spice e ceiicke Montana State N, v Northwestern U China..... 


Taylor, Dr. Margaret............ v Vassar C, Johns Hopkins M...... China ..3 
Taylor, Raymond Autie.......... v U of Texas, Southern Meth. U T.. S. Amer... 
Taylor, Audrey Burke (Mrs. Ray- 

mond ‘Atutie) its ee aw ee U ofvDexase ac aebin stare eieien ter aeirinete S. Amer 
Teele Bernice 0. pune ccs Gordon Bible C, v Hartford T...... W. Indies 
Ter (Borg! John we Ae eee keen otlope CG, Westeriil aires Japan..... 
Ter Borg, Minnie Amelia Sywassink 

(Mreitiohn) Mai ee beri. eronter Hope’ CS hit see cyevehscueecen ae ae aes Pele apan..... 


J 
Tewksbury, Donald George v Oberlin C, Columbia U and Grad. . 


Thompson, Daphna Angeline..... Northwestern Irs) Se Seine aes Africa..... 
Thompson, Dorothy M.......... U of Southern California, Occidental 

Cie osvAngeles Treteriier. - sn Africa..... 
Thompson, Ruth Standia......... Swedish Trs, v Moody Trs......... Africa...... 
*Tiffany, Ruth Winureeta........ ‘Jumiata Ae cee ae i lioe GaeRer te Belgium 
dundale; DauradEivavig)mueeh. oe Stratford N, v Methodist Trs....... China 
Tinkham, Catherine Almon....... v Park C, Oregon Agricultural C.... China..... 
Todd, John Edward............. UiofiKansas.( See een oe eee Turkey 
Lower, Dr. Rita Bellesmereie ese Ypsilanti N. v U of Michigan M.... India..... 
Lownsend J Patiloes Gikicsa see v Occidental C, Los Angeles Trs.... Cen. Am 
Traeger, Gazelle Hattie Louise. . Ustoli Texas Sone ce csles tran atareate Malaysia 
eT tivett, Al C, Sneed: oWyelifte Cand Tictowstscrasece Chinas ga, 


. Belgian Gospel 
. Canadian Meth., Woman's 


. Robert College 


MISSIONARY AGENCY 


Reformed in U. S. 


Methodist Episcopal 
Canadian Baptist 
Canadian Pres., Women’s 
Baptist (Northern) 
Presbyterian, United 


. Bolivian Indian | 
. Hawaiian Evangelical 


. Methodist Episcopal 


Canadian Ch. of England 
Near East Relief 
Methodist Episcopal, So. 
Brethren (Progressive) 
Presbyterian (North) 
Presbyterian (North) 


Christian, United 
United Brethren 


United Brethren 


. Methodist Episcopal 


Christian, United 
Lutheran, Norwegian 
Christian, United 
Methodist Epis., Woman's 
Baptist (Northern) 


Baptist (Northern) 
Yale in China 


. Methodist Epis., Woman's 


Methodist Episcopal 


. Methodist Episcopal 
. Presbyterian (North) Home 


Baptist, Southern ~ 
Canadian Presbyterian. 
Nanking University 


Presbyterian (North) 
Methodist Epis., Woman's 


. Presbyterian (North) Home 
... Baptist, Southern 


. Reformed in America 


Methodist Episcopal 
Evangelical Church 


Robert College 


. Methodist Episcopal 


Sudan Interior 
Nan Kai College 
Presbyterian (North) 


Pres., United, Women’s 
Methodist Epis., Woman’s 
Presbyterian (North) 
Methodist Episcopal, So. 


. Methodist Episcopal, So. 
. American Miss. 


Assn. 
Reformed in America 


Reformed in America 
American Board 

Africa Inland 
Presbyterian, United 
Swedish Mis. Covenant 


Presbyterian (N: orth) 


a i 


Methodist Epis., Woman’s 


. Central American Miss. 


NAME 


tTurner, Dr. William H.......... 
Van Koert, Anna Celeste......... 


Vickery, Loraine Lorree.......... 
Waldron, Rose Edith............ 


Wallacer Margaret: .c siemens etree 
Walvoord, Florence Cynthia...... 
Water Lend. hrs tensed 
Waters, George Lipscomb........ 
Watts Alice M 2 sj7seee L eaieea on 
Waste. Dawid bueller sureties a 
Watts, James Washington........ 
Webster, Edith Mary............ 
Webster, Florence Alice 
Weeks, Helen Grace 


Weir, Mary Alta Lola............ 
Weir, Elizabeth V. Ewing (Mrs. 

W. Wilbur) 
Welch, Mary Mildred........... 
Welles, Doris Idabel............. 
Wenrick, Lewis Albert 





Weygandt, Isie Lenore........... 
tWheeler, Wendell Carpenter..... 
Wheelock, John Henry........... 


White, George de Forest 
White, Elsie Caroline Hoesley (Mrs. 

Geo. de F.) 
tWickes, Margaret Stinson....... 
Williams, Tessie Fern............ 
Willoughby, James Wallace.::.... 
Wilson, Rose Dulles............. 
Winston, John Clarke... 2. )j04.55 
Winston, Grace D. Williams (Mrs. 

John Clark) 
Wolf) Mae ouisa’., 6o libs co cine 
*Wolff, John Gottfried 
Wolsted, Clarence Edman 


Wolsted, Mabel Lydia Ewen (Mrs. 
Clarencere acne te tenes seks 
Woodbridge, Dr. Caspar Ligon.. 


Woodbridge, Elizabeth Wilson (Mrs. 


Casnariia) teammate tae haces 
Woodbridge, Jeanie Woodrow..... 
Worth, Charles William, Jr........ 
Wright, TAUCY Burin sds dee es 


Wrisley, Gerald Manning........ 


Wrisley, Bula Huntington Culver 
(Mrs. G. M.) 

Wyman, Marian Marie........... 

Yaukey, Jesse Baer.............. 

Yeaworth, Ivy Verdilla........... 


Yoder, Helen Elizabeth 
Yund, Roy LaVerne 


SAILED LIST—-I922 


INSTITUTIONS FIELD 
Wom Vireinid Mesiueeenisuidoeln ue Chinas... 
v Kalamazoo C, U of Chicago Grad., 

Baptist: Lis sien test ieee els Cen. Am 
v Lawrence C, Presbyterian H...... Tend tay yay oti 
v Hastings C, Pomona C, U of Cal- 

ifornia, U of Southern Calif...... Ching any! 
U of Minnesota, vy Columbia U Grad. India..... 
Hope Cx Ie ea a een ein need ae aApataniwe 
Syracuse Ue Oye ve ne whole tie) eel eo suey a ake Europe 
Randolph Macon Oy vaiviaae) slaelta lee Japan. x. 
CHICAZO VL TS ytraaee cereal tacoehate aid lene Ghana 32 fied 
v Johnson Bible C, C of Missions... Africa..... 
Furman U, v Southern Baptist T... Palestine 
National Trs (Philadelphia)........ S. Amer. 
Fargo C, v Gordon Bible C........ Chinays).. 
Stalag, Giro ee Aiaeen sits eet teats Chinatalanrs 
v Pennsylvania State C, Cornell U, 

Toe) Virginian) ie seis er tlsle eels China 
wGeneva) Cand Dugm i aascels aes Cyprus 
Geneva C, v Biblical T (N. Y. C.).. Cyprus 

‘ 9 U of Illinois and Grad........... job oe Waly Aa 
U of Southern California. /... 2... India fue: 
v peace Engineering Sch., Moody 
SMe rel sad latte eR Pe ee ocean U Bie en. Am 
Novehwesters Lee senen i Sa Gee Europe. 
” Northwestern U........0..000-005 Europe.... 
v Ohio Wesleyan U, Drew T, Col- 

im bia Grad Wis ya ec dclaaly siaiene yee 
Wattenberg! Cy es Tua ely Reale NGAy seh). 
Northwestern Ue ays relala eu ekeiels indiaciy Oi. 
vlowa State C, Texas Agrl. and 

Mech. © iGradici lence cactus vid ons S. Amer 
v Grinnell C, Oberlin T............ Turkey 
Grinnell Cais ar necr siete obra eiole lotr Turkey.... 
State Lor, Montana iets susie ey Philippines 
Pasadena H, v C of Missions....... fri¢a Wake 
Wabash C, » Western T........... Persia... .). 
Vassar C, U of So. California...... Persia..... 
Whittier C, v Los Angeles Trs...... Belgium 
Newark State N, Whittier C, v Los 

Anweles’ ts ade pecs cenn shane Belgium 
Brancisuwallarciiy . aarti wel vetsus pate bts tet ar aad, 
ROCHESTER Deep Asics ie sidieleeette least cnste ie 2 S. Amer 
North Dakota Agrl. C, U of Chicago 

Grad Chicago i ae uictee sewer eG atehE SN 
v North Dakota Agrl. C, U of Chi- 

CAPONGTAGI Naar tn cae. indiaert ren 
v Princeton U, Johns Hopkins M... China..... 
Assempblu/Sibrsaas cee uence ie sa aes Ghina wea. 
Moody Drs Suen (eine ear ie tera China oss/a: 
v Davidson C, Union T fe Dia we China..2).. 
Shorter C, University H ahusupte 

Ga.) v Biblical T CNG yaya ae. China. 

. U of Southern California, ‘oe oD 

Grad.,v Y. M.C.A. Teer ila: Hawaii 
Pomona’ Guiera tothe tclpenl Se hide os Hawaii 
MUoOL Nebraska and Hiss sas sca clon knGia siete), 
MU TSinws Central Logie sy aie ae ake Ching wins 


v Bethany C, Johns Hopkins U, ‘ 
Dickinson C, Western Maryland C Mexico.... 

v Baldwin Wallace C, Cincinnati Trs India 

Pa. C, v Lutheran T (Gettysburg).. Africa..... 


. Baptist (No.) Ho., 


525 


MISSIONARY AGENCY 
Presbyterian (North) 


Woman's 
Methodist Epis., Woman’s 


Methodist Epis., Woman’s 
Methodist Epis., Woman’s 
Reformed in America 


. Methodist Epis., Woman’s 


Methodist Episcopal, So. 
National Holiness Assn. 
Christian, United 


. Baptist, Southern 
. Inland South America 


Baptist (North) Woman’s 
Lutheran, Norwegian 


. Protestant Episcopal 
. Presbyterian, Reformed 


. Presbyterian, Reformed 


Methodist Epis., Woman's 
Methodist Epis., Woman’s 


. Evangelical Synod 
Va Mar CsA 


Y. M.C. A. 


. Methodist Episcopal 


Luth., United, Woman's 
American Board 


. Presbyterian (South) 
. Near East Relief 


Near East Relief 
Presbyterian (North) 
Christian, United 
Presbyterian (North) 
Presbyterian (North) 


.. Belgian Gospel 
. Belgian Gospel 


Brethren, Church of 


. Baptist, Southern 


American Board 


American Board 
Presbyterian (South) 


Presbyterian (South) 
Independent 
Presbyterian (South) 


Baptist, Southern 


. Y. M.C. A., Hawaiian 
. Y. M. C. A., Hawaiian 


American Board 
Reformed in U. S. 


Presbyterian (North) 
Methodist Epis., Woman’s 
Lutheran, United 


SAILED VOLUNTEERS FOR 1923 


In the table abbreviations have been used as follows: C-College; H-Hospital; M-Medical; N-Normal; 
S-Secondary School; T-Theological; Trs-Bible, Deaconess and Missionary Training School; U-University; 


v-Volunteered at. 
tShort-term Missionaries. 
*Volunteers sailed before 1923; names reported here for the first time. 

















NAME INSTITUTIONS FIzLD MISSIONARY AGENCY 
Adams, Benjamin N............. v Mt. Hermon S, C of Wooster, Mc- aaait 
Cormick ee heii pearance Korea..... Presbyterian (North) 
Adams, Phyllis Irene Taylor (Mrs. 

Benj Na Hae ee RN ieee oC of) Wooster) cis c'nuttes scents laters Korea..... Presbyterian (North) 
Ady, Merzili Steele a Sy aya. v Monmouth C, McCormick T..... Ghina 325% Presbyterian (North) 
Agnew, Mary Caldwell........... v Victoria C (Toronto) shel ener ee aa Chinas. Canadian Methodist 
Ahlquist, Emma Mai eeu a o. Missionary! Tra roche Ching: Chris, and Miss. Alliance 
tAkeley, Theodore Barton........ @ Brown. Uso. Lee ous See eoate ALTICR®, sis \s's American U at Cairo 
Anderson, Dr. Carl Wm.......... v Moody Trs, Wheaton C, U of Min- 

Mesota) Matha Wee ew his trotele te atels i Lutheran, Augustana 
*Anderson, Ethel Lea (Mrs. H. C.) Northwestern C and » Grad i Evangelical Church 
Anderson, Evangeline Alexandria... » McMaster U..............-. ats i China Inland 
Andrews, Ruth Alma............ o Occidental'Cei. wena ore eenies i American Board 
Armstrong, Bernard W........... v DesMoines U and Grad.......... i Baptist (Northern) 
Armstrong, Rhoda Christine Bro- 

holm (Mrs) Bo We) see neces 2, DesMoines (Uians iaoet eee tee i Baptist (Northern) 
Bachman, Susan Catherine....... v Lebanon Valley C, Moody Trs.... Africa..... United Brethren 
*Baird, John Milford............. (Tarkio GC, Xenia Cee ees ees Africa... '. Presbyterian, United 
Baird, Richard Hamilton......... vCof Wooster, Princeton Dw es ake Korea..... Presbyterian (North) 
Baird, Golden Stockton (Mrs. iy 

Richard. yeah Men Wee one ane v Cumberland U, Biblical T (N.Y.C.) Korea..... Presbyterian (North) 
Baird, William Martyn Jr......... v Mt. Herman §, C of Wooster, 

Princeton Wa cs cihsle eet cy tomas Korea..... Presbyterian (North) » 
BalderMabelsiiniin neater ile 9 Moody iPr tan eieea teeta Honduras.. Central American Mis. 
Baldwin, DeWitt Clair........... v Wesleyan U, Garrett T, North- 

westernuUGrade ji Menon aie a Indian. )3)/0). Methodist Episcopal 
Baldwin, Edna Frances Aiken..... v Northwestern U and Grad Tndiaieies Methodist Episcopal 
Barrows, Lavanchie............+% v Wheaton C, Spearfish N .. Honduras.. Central American Mis. 
Bassett, Beulahey wore ye aera » Kansas Holiness‘Trsiiiciesty on vee Honduras.. Pentecost Faith Mis. 
Baxter, (Nei bimrod aa a v Drake U, Butler C, C of Missions. S. Amer... Christian, United 
Baxter, Hazel Scott...........00. v Drake U, C of Missions.......... S. Amer... Christian, United 
Bear, James Edwin...........0.. v Fredericksburg C, Washington and 

Lee U Grad, Union T (Va.) and ‘ 

Gora yee feet eteia ela aia upialdete China... Presbyterian (South) 
Bear, Margaret I. White (Mrs. 

James Edwin). Se tsletestete kis ers State N (Va.), Assembly's Trs..... Chma. ces Presbyterian (South) 
Bender, David Stetson........... v Rensselaer Polytechnic........... Africa... American Univ., Cairo 
Bennett, Florence Mabelle........ v George Washington U........... Mexico.... Methodist Epis., Woman’s 
Benson, ee PEST 2 Ley op SOD v Gustavus Adolphus C............ China si..5.. Lutheran, Augustana 
Benton) Ruth Ann ces sseeern ek v Chicago Evangelistic Trs......... Ching oe os National Holiness Assn. 
Berger, Electa Marie............. v Park C, C of Emporia, City and 

County H (Denver), Park Avenue 

Eb (Denver) egy eR ee a Ching ies. Presbyterian (North) 
Blanchard, Ralph William........ o Mt:: Hermans sin.'s Wo ieskcdkes age eroe China..... Methodist Episcopal 
Blanchard, Grace Kipka (Mrs. v Greensboro C, Mitchell C, New 

Ralph William) OE RRL BNE YL id England Conservatory Hi We ad 8 Chinaiice Methodist Episcopal 
Booth, Lucy Hammer............ v Mt. Holyoke C, Syracuse Me U of 

Iil., Grad, Teachers C CN2Y¥e GC.) f 

\ Vale U Gradic turn ecael Chinato cs Presbyterian (North) 
Birky,|rna | Maessie vives c ccleeieies Grays C of Music, » Moody Trs.... Africa..... Congo Inland Mis. 
*Bowron, Florence H............. v Chicago Trs, Wesley Memorial H 

(Chicago) ee sre aes Gia aie Las Hawaii.... Palama Settlement 
*Bowrony May lise daeliikis telecine v Chicago Trs, Wesley Memorial H 

f (SHIGA GO) SY laapalays Siaiaiale tamale Hawaii.... Palama Settlement 

*Bjorklund, Hulda Scrafia........ o Bethel oie cae rye catamarans Africa..... Baptist (Northern) 
Bostick, Edward May Jr......... v Clemson Agrl. C, Southern Bap. T China..... Baptist (Southern) 
tBourn, Dr. Lucy Elizabeth...... » Brown U, Columbia U Grad, Al- i i j y 

Baty Mey MS ay Gre eee Mie China:2 si Peking Union Medical 
BoyrespHannacwawite seteieasete s ciate v Deaconess H (Minn.) Lutheran ‘ 

‘Trs, Minnesota (Gass si. nee cas aie Africa...... Lutheran Free 
Bowen Oliveri ticle sietele leleyeleiavale oy Oberlin C aC ieia see sine caine ence Chinataee, Independent y 
Bracyulktarnabi: cic. a walslertareit’s wine v Bluffton C, Ft. Wayne Trs....... Africa, ists So. Africa Gen. Miss. 
*Bradiley, "Amos su she els piciele aisle ave v Texas Holiness U, Trevecca C.... Cen. Am... Methodist, Primitive 
Brandt, Alma. cibfels e\halsioleiensl) Wesley i4,:9. Scarritt Trs........... Chinas fas Methodist, Epis., South 
Brewer, Dr. Francis.....--....... v Oberlin C) Columbia U M........ China;.... Presbyterian (North) 
Brewster, Clyde Wheeler......... oe Baker UM Drew i leiaais etiinice esse S, Amer.... Methodist Episcopal 
Brewster, Mildred Morrison 

(Mrs. Clyde Wheeler)......... Washburn C,v Baker U, Drew T.... S. Amer... Methodist Episcopal 
Bricker, Mary Elizabeth......... v Ashland C, Mary Lanning H..... India... Methodist Epis., Woman’s 
Brown, Dr. Velva Violet......... Baptist Trs (Chicago), v Ottawa U, : 

j U of Pennsylvania M........... Chinatync. Amer. Baptist, Woman's 
Browning, George Lynn.......... 9 Park'C, McCormick Dice enc sees Persiava ss. Presbyterian (North) 
Buchanan, Bruce Brownlee....... Monmouth C, Pittsburgh T....... Africa..... Presbyterian, United 
Buchanan, Margrietha Krindenier 

(Mrs-.sBruce'B,) ih toe. v Northfield S, Monmouth C....... Africa..... Presbyterian, United 


526 





q 
; 
' 
A 


SAILED LIST—I9Q23 527 


NAME INSTITUTIONS FIEL_D MIssIONARY AGENCY 
Bushnell, Paul Palmer........... v Yale U, Teachers C (N. Y.C.).... China..... Presbyterian (North) 
Burke, Dr. Homer Lionel......... Winona C, Manchester C, 9 North- 
western, (Uy Mises seen eae Africa..... Brethren, Church of 
IPURLOD AIRE Wate a cna shite ce Rite tae v North Texas N, Southwest Baptist 
RET e ts ee) SLR UEL LUNI a Wey siete sete oes ey ot Brazil..... Baptist (Southern) 
Byerly, Ruth Ellyson............ Shepherd C, State N, Scarritt Trs.. Mexico.... Methodist Episcopal, So. 
Butterfield, Nellie May........... v Los Angeles State N............. Mexico.... Methodist Epis., Woman’s 
Campbell, Dorothy Davisigecwee yar Washinicton Wecueie ates owls China, Presbyterian (North) 
Campbell, Jean Storey........... PV estminster Cron saiselaai cramvete's Egypt..... Presbyterian, United 
Canary, Ethel Marian............ DIMoOody) Lrs7 vice Meee nial nents S. Amer... Inland South America 
Cardwell, Edyth Viola........... Toronto General H, Presbyterian : ) 
f Trs ( OToOnto) SIU Mwah ees SOLES sine) Canadian Presbyterian 
Carson, Maud Craig............. Queen’s C, U of Boa Carolina, k 
v Biblical T CNC MAG AMOR Cee vaets China... . Presbyterian (South) 
Chase, Leree Stelle. .........4... Wilson C, Columbia U Grad, Bib- ; 
iE tel id Oe ae amet nie 1, te AIR LUN A Persia. : \5/. Presbyterian (North) 
Chase, Marcus Aurelius.......... v South Dakota State C........... S. Amer... Mackenzie College 
Chatfield; Mariom Hi is oii kd Mt: Holyoke’ C ses ye eee ae China ie American Board 
Cherry, Julia Mabel. .../........ v Davenport C, Trinity C......... Korea 4/3 Methodist Episcopal, So. 
Clarke, Helen Augusta........... OLVCOOSTET Cie Cy AIL uate cleat Persia..... Presbyterian (North) 
’ Clay, Ryslanney es Ald leds v Southwestern U, U of Colorado, 
i ton Gahtornia veer hays i Alsi Mexico.... Methodist Epis., South 
CoenOrphar Marie cic Wan c 9 UiO£ Wisconsin. Yvan wwe Ching ney. Methodist Episcopal 
Coffin, Merrill Marcus........... v Penn C, U of Colorado........... India rt): Friends, American 
Coggins, May Angeline........... v U of Redlands, Newton T........ Philippines Amer. Baptist, Women’s 
Collier, Dr. Douglas Ross........ v Beloit C, U of Colorado M....... W. Indies.. Presb. (No.) Home, Wom. 
Comstock, Joy/Emma ii...) 00.23). Edinboro State N, Chicago Trs, 
v Ohio Wesleyan U............. Indiagec cy Methodist Epis., Women’s 
Corpron, Dr. Douglas Squire...... v U of Oregon, U of por ag os M. China..... Christian, United 
Cressey, George Babcock......... v Denison U, Yale Grad, of Chi- 
CARON INTIS BT ies CUAL i Akal IN AUS i Chingy. Baptist (Northern) 
Crawford, Joseph Forrest......... v Wiscsasis Oy ChicagoyUis. 3.54 sae. Phen ae American U of Beirut 
Crew, Angie Ad PCIE as ERC Miami N, v Definace C-lali vas ca vey Japan... Christian Church 
Crozier, Cornelia Newell......... » Park C, U of Arkansas, Scarritt Trs Cinna Maen Methodist Epis., South 
Cumming, William C............ v Union T, Davidson C............ China..... Presbyterian (South) 
Cummings, come Beveridge...... v Westminster C, Pittsburgh T..... Indian s:2 5 Presbyterian, United 
Cummings, Dorothy Holliday (Mrs. » Westminster Cc, Western C for 
James Beveridge).............. Women ates wneleaiueie soit Indias 053: Presbyterian, United 
Curtis, Gordon Ayres............ v Mt. Hermon §, Oberlin C, Cornell 
A 16 Ce FASE DOA WIRE Rane nueLS omen elas Chingy.) s'« Presbyterian (North) 
Cutting, Helen Francis........... PAGE HNC eee ete letra el otles elle vale tetiene Bolivia.... Methodist Episcopal 
Wager Mildred. sh siutes shiver a oi Gros Wooster yc tayaideuney ies, sutetlce Africas... Presbyterian (North) 
Danielson, Walfred.. 0.2. oi... v Bethel S, Macalester C, U of Min- ' 
r HeROta ee a ea eee Taree psi Baptist (Northern) 
Danielson, Anna Larson (Mrs. : 

Weird) ail sian ise leona Shree v Bethel S, U of Minnesota H...... Jato rt: Oy Baptist (Northern) 

Daubendick, Letha Idell......... Doan Academy, Nebraska U, » Cor- i ‘ : 

LOLI) Heat Solaverste Sieverale otener erste Lente kas Bie Methodist Epis., Women’s 
*Davis, Augustus Lee............ Presbyterian C of So. Carolina..... S. Amer... Presbyterian (South) 
Davis, Harriet H. Sullivan (Mrs. Winthrop N and Ind. C, Barnard C, ‘ 

Harold Bdoar) say esate cls v Biblical T (N. Y. C.) OTS UAT ATA A? 3 Ching ii... Evangelical Church 
Davis, Harold Edgar............. v Albright C, Biblical T (N. Y. C.), 

Princeton T and Grad.......... China suse, Evangelical Church 
Davis, Helen Ticknor............ ® Uliok Minnesotatiin alin ispecies Tidia/e ass Methodist Epis., Women’s 
*Deal, Mrs. Zella M. Warner..... v Kingswood C, Olivet U, Battle 

Orecic Ely nae elvelerat leet yarleraaiats China. + South Chihli i 
Derr, Thomas Andrew........... Lod Angeles (Trae. Ue ea ee veut S. Amer... Inland South America 
Derr, Frances Helena Reese (Mrs. i ( 

a nomas Andrew) cari eee sess a  Los*Angeles Tre sinc ele vaesveas ers S. Amer... Inland South America 
Dibble, Paul Gladstone.......... South Dakota State C, v Dakota : 

Wesleyan U, Garrett T.......... Tndia..!.).\2'5 Methodist Episcopal 
Dibble, Marie Bjerno............ Wesleyan C, Wesley Memorial H... India..... Methodist Episcopal 
Dierolf, Bertha Elizabeth......... © Woman's) MiG Hi nel tly trast Africa..... Lutheran, United 
Donovan, Herbert A............. Temple U, St. Stephens C......... Attics. ik. s 
Douglas,’Dri Richard} nie oc 3:3 vC of Wooster, Cornell U M, i 
fompia U Grads anes ole Ching ysis. Presbyterian (North) 
Drury, Clifford Merrill........... v Buena Vista C, San Francisco T.. China..... Shanghai Union Church 
Duggar, Ambrose Camp.......... v Alabama Poly Inst., So. Baptist T. S. Amer... Baptist (Southern) 
Dukes, Hubert Noland........... Wofford C, v ae U T, Yale U T, 
WAIGH MO LCN YE Coie nalts ears Africa..... Methodist Epis., South 
Dukes, Laura Virginia........... v Northfield S, "Presbyterian Trs 
Phila site hed hk seein ad cubeloverwigtars India..... Presbyterian (North) 
DUNCAN) LOUISE! Tacs cc ears is nee OP UlOn Michigan tiivextces scuetsacdscl< China..... Protestant Episcopal 
_ Dyke, Charles Herbert..........- v Occidental C, San Francisco T.... India..... Presbyterian (North) 
Dyke, Marian L. Leonard (Mrs. } 

Charles Ht) scene aos aie ds secs eis v Goel ha San Francisco T.... India..... Presbyterian (North) 
Earl, Dr. LeRoy DeLong......... * Ulot Buftalos foes: see esis eos Chinas sce. Nanking University 
Earl, Antoinette Willson (Mrs. i 

LeRoy DALOne a ehiecos ce ees P Syracuse Uc sods a ssielel sip otthe, slhars China se jere Nanking Lath ea 
mil Sry Elizabeth Nerina sieeve o BelevyuewHi: sesha cea cok asec ate S. Amer... Methodist Episco opel 
huge Bray Serene Seve ter v Huntington a pena, Ribas Pe ae Ne Africa: ..2: Un. Breth. (Old Const.) 

Eby, are Kee Sherk (Mrs. Lloyd) » Huntington C............--.--- Africa..... Un. Breth. (Old Const.) 
Edborg, Vera Mathilde........... Spearfish State N, Dakota Wesleyan 


U, v Chicago Tea shat ae wee ook avarice Methodist Epis., Woman’s 








528 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 

NAME INSTITUTIONS FIELD MIssIONARY AGENCY 
Eddy, Mrs. William A. .......... 9 Wooster C Jie Cees Siren Mexico.... Presbyterian (North) 
Edgar, Lea Blanche............. vy Colorado. Canvas Myce eaeRoe Chinas, Baptist (Northern) 
Edman, Victor Raymond......... v U of Illinois, Boston U........... Cen. Am... Chris. and Miss. Alliance 
tEdwards, Dorothy A. Vance (Mrs. 

Roberti Vaughan) eye gee T\Pomona Guiles ays alle cle eee ee Mexico.... American Board 
Blam, Bima sec cicewn ) ica mile Missouri U, Baptist Trs, v William 

’ JEWEL Coe ee ee eR eg Africa... Baptist (Southern) 
Emerson, Leland Harris.......... vU of California, Pacific Trs, C of _.- 
‘ Missions ‘Gradsivia.i).0 venules China icin Christian, United 
Emerson, Corinne M. Bott (Mrs. » U of California, Pacific Trs, C of ¢ 

Leland "Harris) ioe csc vena Missions Grady ia vote eetnere China..... Christian, United 
Engwall Martin Siasuaueioniee v William Jewell C, U of Chicago... Africa..... Baptist (Northern) 
Engwall, Ruth Johnson (Mrs. 

Martin So) tip ticles ia ales Ottawa U, U of Chicago........... Africa..... Baptist (Northern) 
Ensign, Samuel J. R.............. 2 Buena Vista C, McCormick T.... China..... Presbyterian (North) 
tEvans, Joshua Levering......... DY eee esM hse salilie a) eat naG ee China..... Baptist (Southern) 
Hverett, Bertinesawe une nie Ohio U_N, vw Moody Trs, Alliance 4 

le rs GN yack):cs: tran eeheveitietaanel ete China..... Chris. and Miss. Alliance 
Evertsburg, William F........... v Union Missionary Trs........... Africa..... So. Africa Gen. Miss. 
Falkenstein, Richard B........... vN. Dak. Agrl. C, U of Minnesota 
Grad Beye? eee assn en eet China iiss Canton Christian Col. 
Farmer, Eugene Houston......... v Central C, U of Missouri, Yale U T Africa..... Methodist Epis., South 
Farmer, Dorothy M. Bailey (Mrs. 

Bugene FE) yea weenie Aoi) O Harttordiudacr silva en eee e Africa..... Methodist Epis., South 

Farr, Lawrence McPherson....... v Penn C, Iowa State U, Iowa Trs.. Africa..... Chris. and Miss. Alliance 


Filandino, Elvira 
Fonger, William Henry........... v Eureka C 
Peper naan Leith Cox (Mrs. 


AEB 3S AA aed 9 toa U of Chicago, vy Mountainside H.... China.... : 
YY RPE MONS Re BET Philippines Christian, United 


Peking Union Medical 


Set ett Me ote te lace eine ete hs AN k eve v Eureka C.................+++-.. Philippines Christian, United 


Fontaine, OTA OEE Warren es nite v General Assembly Trs, Stonewall 


Jackson | Cwiace re Win eine eek te Korea.... 
Poster, RobertiA sen autre Lh v Westminster C, Pittsburgh T..... Tesdia ice. 
Foster, Aurel Anderson (Mrs. 

Robert As))(o ia polthe neuetievaeet we v Westminster C, Biblical T (N.Y.C.) India.. =. 
Fraser, Gussie Louise............ 9 Atiantar Nes rnnlesomeu ak etaetale ree China.... 
Fuller, Robert Harrison.......... Occidental C, »vLos Angeles Trs, 

Princetont lh Meee sea sees weleiane Siami...... 
Gampbeny Selena Na icc! kinlsueisists Lancaster Genl. H, Toronto Trs.... S. Amer... 
Gealy, Hred Daniel nti ois. v Allegheny C, Boston U T........ Japan.... 
Gernhardt, Lucinda Sarah........ DW heaton! Cin ecb isn ba eu screls eile China.... 
Gall Maier by iid eer id v Denapn U, St. Catherine Business f 

AAR SE Ive S\'d diet They I Ae KOT et eI Nea TSA RES Ly AP cat ea inaeees 
Gillilan, Bertha Elizabeth........ Westminster C, v Western C for 

? Women, San Francisco T........ Japan.... 
Girsberger, Breda cen sae iu eerie tele 9 Cleveland. “Dre i ie sai iis the China. 
Glass, Sarah Elizabeth........... Smith C, wConverse C, Natl. 

TY Wie: OAs iors ob SOM aa aioe Chinaea 7: 
Gleason, Paul Raynes sie ee v U of Redlands, Harvard U Grad.. India.... 
Ghttenbutg Carlie elites aes 9 Moody! Trs near sweated rt weal China.... 
Goepforth, Elise A............... Richmond Trng. Sch. Kind., Rich- 

mond Trs, Columbia U, Moody 

ee HAM EP WAND SIN ed its lt Cen. Am.. 
Goodenberger, Ernest C.......... v Hastings C, McCormick T....... China.... 
Goodenberger, Hilda Longstaff 

(Mrsaiimnest Gi), vere svelte v Hastings C, McCormick T....... China... . 
tGoodwin, Miriam Fuller......... v North Carolina C for Women..... Korea.... 
Gordon, Andrew Walker......... v Muskingum C, Xenia T.......... mdiay. var. 


Ea IA ae poet ALE Fe PRM Oberlin C, v Muskingum C...... India... 


Blea vn iatatehone ee cherohe Deaconess H, vy Moody Trs........ China.... 
Gray, Katherine Clingman....... v U of Texas, Austin Presby. T..... Mexico.... 
Green, Byron Mitchell........... v Oregon Agri. State C............ Burma... . 
Gregory, Ernest Jackson..... .... v Baylor U, Southwest Baptist T... Mexico.... 
Gregson) Anita mtull eye 1 U of Cincinnati, » Biblical T(N.Y.C.) India.... 
Griffing, Burgoyne............... v Washburn C, Kansas U.......... China.... 
Groves) Walter A shee iar in 0a) v Lafayette C, Princeton T......... Persialc 
Haan, Angie...... Ai Pa ae Bla ti ® Blodgett Troy ee Ua nit aabsirebs China... 7an 
Hake, Martha Eunice............ v Western Union C............... China..... 
Fall WAsraie VM sy eis igi ee Ly € Moody Drs site. sid seks care) ae China.... 
Hall, Marguerite Gordon......... v Manitoba C, Presbyterian Trs.... China.... 
Sain Bessie McCalla (Mrs. Marion West Tenn. State N, v Assembly’s kK 
by Sebi ane Nae Best Easy reai ces Ole TSde hs GGUS PMA Da Braet ae cera me orea.... 
Hall, Miss WillieG.............. v Meridan C, Scarritt Trs.......... Africa.... 
Hallock, Adelia Cobb............ gSmith Gaye asus eli diee ceeeine China... 
Hamilton, Evelyn Harrison....... v Davidson C, Union T (Va.) Bib- 
6 Neal DCN RY s.C)) sie ele ae Chinaiens 
Hampe, Alice Jean............... v Houghton Trs, U of Puget Sound.. Japan.... 
Hancock, Marcus Leslie.......... 9 Ontario\Agrl Cup ee ona. an. China.... 
Hancock, William Philip......... Bible Training C (Eng.), vSan 
Pancisco sl etcreled cites) ciel srarenien ic Persia.... 
Hancock, Kathleen Ballinger (Mrs. 
" Die PAIN D) Maelave tesla wie ats Bible Training C (Eng.)........... Persia.... 
ae ee Annie Justicer.. ne.) v South West Texas U, East Texas. .Korea..... 
arker) Hazel cia) sunk eek oe Thomas N, v Butler C, C of Missions Japan.... 


Presbyterian (South) 
Presbyterian, United 


Presbyterian, United 
Presbyterian (South) 


Presbyterian (North) 
Mennonite and Amish 
Methodist Episcopal 
Presbyterian (North) 


Presbyterian (North) 
Friends, Ohio 


Vii We Calg 
Baptist (Northern) 
China Inland Mission 


... Evangelical Synod 


Presbyterian (North) 


Presbyterian (North) 
Methodist Epis., South 
Presbyterian, United 


Presbyterian, United 
China Inland Mission 
Presbyterian (South) 
American Baptist 
Baptist (South) 
Presbyterian (North) 
Nanking University 
Presbyterian (North) 
Reformed, Christian 
Evangelical Church | 
Chris. and Miss. Alliance 
Presbyterian, Canadian 


Presbyterian (South) 
Methodist Epis., South 
Presbyterian (North) 


Presbyterian (North) 
Methodist, Wesleyan 
Nanking University 


Presbyterian (North) 
Presbyterian (North) 


Methodist Epis., South 
Christian, United 


ee a eS ee ae 


eee 


SAILED LIST—I923 


529 








NAME 
Hauser, Effie Blanche............ 
Hawkes, William Emory......... 


Haworth, Ruth Esther 
Havdock,Warl Hs. vse wane sae oe 
Haydock, Marguerite Roberta.... 
Hayes, Ernest M 
Hayes, Helena Vesta............. 
*Hayes, Mercie May............. 


Haves, Vifginia .\o.n..sces sveara'ets sos 
Hazlett, Calvin Hoffman......... 
Hearn, Walter Anderson.......... 


or Olive Withrow (Mrs. Walter 


Helfenstein, ence, Com tats. 
Hendrick, Dr. Rhoda Grace...... 
Hilburn, Samuel Milton.......... 


Hilburn, Blanche Fontaine (Mrs. 
Samuel Milton) 


Hilscher, Edith G. Jones (Mrs. 
Harris G.) 


Holland, Bernice McCurdy (Mrs. 
EIANG OW Dee ce mee tae Se 
Holland, Grace Marion........... 


wlolland;, Thomas'G.... 2) cineca 
Holman, Fannie 
Holroyd, Howar 


Ce 


Horobin, Harriet Mitchell 
HortonwaAlbertsAw Joss sascoese ne 
Horton, Herbert Junior.......... 
Horton, Nilla R. McGee (Mrs. 

Herbertryainioreae sa acivecae os. 
Howard, Florence Olivette 
Howard Annie Clara. 2)... 60. 
Howell, Kenneth Lambert 
Halle Oliverlrener sae ee oe oe os bee 
Hughes, Marjorie Pearl ; 
Irwin, Alice Addie............... 


*Jacobson, Arthur Clarence....... 

*Jacobson, Gladys Shephard (Mrs. 
Arthur C.) 

Jacobson, Irvin Oliver........... 

Jacobson, Nora H. Olson (Mrs. 
Tevin Oliver) tebe ities oss oe 

James, Carmen Easley........... 


see e wee 





ae ea re 


James, Corinne Pearson (Mrs. Car- 
men E. 


Janeway, John Raymond......... 
tjohnston): Vivian Entities ote 
Jones, Alma Chadwick........... 
MOUKEt ELI Sea ete tat oot a siehael tte 
Weller, Charles: Risener ns cous: 
Kemp, Alexander H 
Kemp, Winifred Farmer (Mrs. 

JUS G18 S14). Winks ee ica 
Kemp, Maude Pustau............ 
eed Sigrts B. Barrie (Mrs. Ralph 


King, oarahyNovahiwap’'s<.. 4+ >% 


Kinsler, Helen Campbell......... 
eleerie ESOLGHa sasitan ce sé cie ce od nists 
Eine WaIteL! Ds dt asisrcts sia'e ss ope 


. Waukegan Bus. C, » Lawrence C... 


INSTITUTIONS Fie.tp 
oy Ayces H (Winston-Salem, 
C.), v Scarritt Trs.. ; Koreans. 

v C ‘of Idaho, Lewiston State N, 

Hartford Di fatenk see eens Greece 
Mie etin’ Cc. RINE ras echs aera etetal at pare Mexico.. 
Wot So, Cahfornia stseaus ch ilesaisic Madeira Is. 
Greenville Cate tereavate aictereneatae Madeira Is. 
v Wooster C, Princeton U.......... Philippines 
gBiblical Lis tieo a eo me liens Africa..... 
v Northfield C, Froebel Kind. Trng. 

SCH Yehill ss chart oaaehtties ors hoe Chinay.. sy: 
State N (Athens, Ga.), » Asbury C, 

Biblical (Tye ren Wa ie aeGar shee a Amer 
Washington and Jefferson C, » West- 

ently (Pai) He eavee nee seele ihe NAIA Lael 
Hendrix C, Teachers C Gra 

(N. Y. C.), v Union T (N. Y.C.).. ot eins aaa i 
@ Hendrix, Ci lites on ai uetedorsietaceae Chinas .'5. 0s 
O Hamlin: Ui as) An eoebterstrscalie sa Mexico 
D9 Parson Gi cat iiciee Seber ae eer s Africa. .... 
U of Michigan, U of Vienna....... India'.).':\.), 
v Southern Methodist U and T and 

CE a yal RS IA a are Se Ne Japan 
Southeastern State Teachers C, So. 

Methodist U and» Grad........ JANA in. 
»v C of Emporia, U of Nebraska Grad, } 

Princeton T and Grad.......... China. 


»v C of Emporia, U of Kansas Grad.. China..... 
Glendale C, vIndiana U and M, 


Cornell Wve a i eae ees ao Chinal ia 
v U of Southern California......... Ghina ie. 
v Presbyterian H (N. Y. C.), Newton 

HS Simmons! Gin ey eto sere wile peab Ae Sine, 
a Wake Forest Cire acishen nels es\5i0)- Cubase 
v Wheelock Kindergarten School.. Philippines 
Hiram C, of Missions Grad, 

1 9 PAC tll UL Ema S. Amer... 
” Antioch C, »C of Missions Grad... S. Amor... 


v Church of England Trs, Trinity 'C Japan..... 


Brooklyn Trs, Moody Prawns: Atricay. 0... 
v U of Southern California......... S. Amer 
2 U of Southern California......... S. Amer... 


Chicago Evangel. Trs, v Evanston H S. Amer... 


v Andrew C, Peabody C........... orea..... 
WU OL SOs Caliommidema nes ciceae urea S. Amer 
v Southwestern C, Drew T Grad.... S. Amer 


Kent State N, Bowling Green N, 


v Ohio Wesleyan U............. S. Amer 
UWiok Montana see nencw sees alte Chinas .4!4). 
UioriMontanae W Nee ceineerrs sacle Ching yeaa 
v St. Olaf C, Luther T (Minn.)..... Chines \%.4. 
River Falls N, vSt. Olaf C........ pba eeeatts 
v Baptist Memorial H, Union U, 

ofsTennessee: M Wage ves isin en eels braene 
Blue Mountain C, » Baptist Memo- 

Teta Coal eee eet el ate been Aiaite hs China sa. 
Women’s C of Ala., » Scarritt Trs, 

Methodist Trs, Industrial C..... Mexico 
DWV DIstleTiG eMC a sidea store eas» Cen. Am 
v Industrial C, Assembly’s Trs..... Cabanas 
Mountainside Teen. sie se sareiacicns Syria ater. 
DiHope OM wtaen clic a onesie wis Virgin Is.. 
NSAI) LIES bees fal SAehoi ni IAC erie ich d China... 
Allegheny C, Boston U M and T Africa..... 
HVWWELIESIOV Ces his ste trie aaare ecereregens Africa..... 
v De Pauw U, Wittenburg C....... Tncdigith, totes 
@ BiDNCal lysis Rae hail Sut stecao nelepeere hs Indiaiecs 
Osteopathic C, So. Branch U of 

Calif., Biblical T ONS? COUR as Africa,.... 
N. J. State N, v Los Angeles Trs... Korea..... 
Woman’ sO, EL sapesieie eateries. Africa..... 
v Northwestern C.........0000200- Tnidia yas 


MISSIONARY AGENCY 


Methodist Epis., South 


. American Board 


Friends, American 
Methodist Episcopal 
Methodist Episcopal 
Presbyterian (North) 
Africa Inland 


Presbyterian (North) 


. Methodist Epis., Woman's 


Presbyterian (North) 
Methodist Epis., South 
Methodist Epis., South 


. Methodist Epis., Woman's 


Presbyterian, United 
Methodist Epis., Woman’s 


. Methodist Epis., South 


Methodist Epis., South 


.. Presbyterian (North) 


Presbyterian (North) 
Peking Union Medical 
Methodist Episcopal 
American Board 

Amer. Bapt. Home Miss. 
Baptist (North) Women’s 
Christian, United 
Christian, United 


Canadian Ch. of England 
Plymouth Brethren 


. Methodist Episcopal 


Methodist Episcopal 
Methodist Episcopal 
Methodist Epis., So. 


. Methodist Episcopal 
... Methodist Episcopal 


Methodist Epis., Woman’s 


. Methodist Epis., Woman’s 


Methodist Epis., So. 


Methodist Epis., So. 
Lutheran, Norwegian 


Lutheran, Norwegian 


. Baptist (Southern) 


Baptist (Southern) 


. Methodist Epis., So. 
. Friends, California 


Meth. Epis., Women’s, So. 
Amer. Univ. of Beirut 


. Reformed in America 


Yale in China 
Methodist Episcopal 


Methodist Episcopal 
Lutheran, United 


Presbyterian (North) 


Methodist Epis., So. 
Presbyterian (North) 
Lutheran, Un., Woman's 
Presbyterian (North) 


530 





NAME INSTITUTIONS FIELD 

Knobles, Lillian Louise........... Geo. Peabody C, v Scarritt Trs..... China. a 
Koebbe, Lydia Adelaide.......... v Northwestern CG, Biblical T (N.Y. e ) China se 
Kronenberg, Benjamins] vaeaseve St. Cloud Bus. C, g Chicago’ Trs.:.. China....: 
Kulp, Ruth Royer (Mrs. H. S.)... » Juniata C, Wheaton C........... ATTICA. valate 
Lane, Ruth Onetta coo. cc) iae PiCornelbC soap wvesmtelaerss Wa ere China..... 
Lawton, Phebe Elizabeth......... vy Winthrop C, Woman’s Missionary 

Union reek eee Japan... .. 
Lea, Ethel Glydew os.) Par eek v Northwestern U and Grad....... Ching sve 
Leaman, Clare Jeanette.......... 2 Dickinson Gui ienee cise aareet Tndia saan 
Learned, Willard Francis......... v Occidental C, C of Missions Grad. Africa..... 
Lefever, Charles Harry too: J. 3. 7 Findley, Calica (se ua an ea, poke bt: ORR 
Lefever, Myrtle Wiggins......... o Bindley Oia wet. oiae oteleste slniatears Ending ieee 
Lefever, Rufus Harry............ v Lebanon Valley C, Bonebrake T.. India..... 
Lefever, Mary Davchares (Mrs. 

Rifas!) Saye Pa ete v Lebanon Valley C, Bonebrake T.. India..... 
Leise, Horace Robert............ v Hyatt Fowells C, Seminary Siig iets Chingd.iia 
Leise, brat Mercer (Mrs. Horace 

Mb) Se Re Oe aye Laie 9 Seattle: Pacific’ Cu)... cies mele wnat Chinac. ss: 

Lemon Harold Edward.......... Bangor T, » Bowden C............ (ching guess 
Leslie, Ruth Rebecca............ Bethany c v C of Missions Grad... Mexico... 
*Linchausen, de BH CG EAM Se) aA Dea v Northwestern Trs...........-... Chimatyic2 
*tLochridge, Mary Edna......... v Pomona C and Grad. .........2. Hawaii.... 
Loehlin, Clinton Herbert......... vU of Minnesota, Princeton T and 

Gra nC ary he fai PRUE LIA Pesce ty Tdi. ie 
Luthy, Simon Raymond.......... Mount Union C, v Ohio Wesleyan U, 

BostoniUM bh Liisa nen waren Japanese» 
Luthy, Kittie V. Fischel (Mrs. 

PION RD oats ey eistette tielaleete Mt. Union C, Boston U T......... ADVAN pekersle 
Lyon} Williamub ee Mo cn Parsons C, v Biblical T (NaC. Korean tem 
MacCornack, Dr. Eugene A....... v Illinois U M, American C of Sur- 

EONS Ne Wsaiely wleteine ae ieterraa, peatiunel Y Pert ss 
Mackie;Arthor Juceu ie eva v Pennsylvania State C............ Cabaui. us 
MacLean, William Gordon....... Macalaster C, U of Minnesota, U of 

Omaha Grad ewe uni S. Amer... 
MacLean, Alice Spencer (Mrs. 

WilhamiGordon) ise ome Macalasten Gay ae ine Wiis arabes S. Amer... 

MacMillan, George Ewing........ vU of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 
i State CO jee eee ata e ely W. Indies 
Maser, Roselyn is iais edupeler eles ete v Dubuque C, City H (St. Louis) .. Africa..... 
Manson, Katherine Margaret..... Saskatchewan U, Saskatchewan N, 
\ v Presbyterian Trs... 0.02 06-+ se Chinas 
Martin, David Paulin............ mae} C, San Francisco T, v Prince- 
‘ ( PET ae el ealcnty eth aa ate Miteeea tele o's Japan..... 
Martin Cottie tenn eee eee Slippers Rock State N, U of Penn. : 
and. ¢iGrady age ey Eel ne ndia iets. 
Massey, Eva Douglas............ v Scarritt Trs, Fredericksburg N 
Oy Chicago Us wNelicrae eiatentemenes Mexico 
Matteson, Roger Pitkin.......... U of Illinois, » U of Wisconsin...... Turkey.... 
Magney, Herbert Sigfred......... Gustavus Adolphus C, U of Minne- ‘ 
sota, v Augustana T..........-. Africa..... 
Magney, Anna Ingeborg Cesander » Gustavus Adolphus C, Augustana 

CMrecHS eee cea seterdnee C, Lutheran H (Moline, ae Africa... 
Maltby, Christine May........... v9 Kansas Wesleyan U............. Mexico.. 
Mayer, Philip Frederick.......... v Ohio Wesleyan U, Carnegie Tech., 

ete State N, Northwestern U t 

2:6 Wray aa aiech eed 2 ently AP Malaysia. . 

Mayer, Emily Powell (Mrs. P. F.) Ceti Trs, Christ H,' Ohio f 

Wreslesantll occa iit reese tie Malaysia. . 
McAlpine, Estelle Benton........ PO Winthrop Conn ii siduivn wade state ents Japane.... 
MeBride [ra icc. iets e aes vy Western Union C, Biblical T | 

GINSEY aN CI GURY Sra tort ens en IE TICA sve te 
McBride, Ruth Lowell (Mrs. I. E.) v Western Union Gj). ie ue duusued Africa..... 
McCall, Joe Wheeler............ ov Flendrix Ciera nic veneiaree ee Hawaii... 
McCandliss, Dr. Robert John..... v C of Wooster, U of Mich...,..... China..... 
McCandliss, Tirzah Browning Rob- 

etts (Mrs Ruyter cries fa # Wilson C, Ui of Michi ii) acct ere China sia. 
McClelland, Lillian L............ D Moody: Trsisac ee hooulclen waite eee Egypt..... 
tMcClure, Lois Reed............. Westminster Cane uiaciie see cian Egypt..... 
McConnlee, Earl Collins.......... v Muskingum C, Xenia T, Princeton 

Grades oar rs area gaa Indiath as 
McConnlee, Anna Margaret Mar- ‘ 

tow. (Mrei'BeiGs)ne wees eee ee. oMuslingumuG hie heccenc ues ser PHdiat ei. 
tMcCracken, Esther Jane........ v Ohio Wesleyan U, Willamette U.. China..... 
McGavran, Donald A...../.<...! v Butler C, Yale U T, College of 

Missionsei. ot, ey ences chars Indiatec. 
McGavran, Mary Howard (Mrs. 

Donaldcal yy ise sone nee ok v Butler College, College of Missions India..... 
McKeen Parle vane ell @ Tilinois (U tet roe eke weirs tance SVTIA vale ate 
McLain, Alnia Ree. sce es ieee v Cape Girardeau State, Missouri 

State Ui ee Sew Mrthen emis eine fake raat eyo 
McLean, Elizabeth Lewis (Mrs. 
Winfield (Asy oy A eee, v U of Washington...........2.- China ts. 


CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 


MISSIONARY AGENCY 


Methodist Epis., So. 
Evangelical Ch., Women’s 
National Holiness Assn. 
Brethren, Dunker 
Methodist Epis., Woman's 


Baptist (South) 
Evangelical Church 
Lutheran, United 
Christian, United 


Churches of God, Gen. Eld. 
Churches of God, Gen. Eld. 


Presbyterian (North) 


Presbyterian (North) 
Methodist, Free 


Methodist, Free 
American Board 


. Christian, United 


China Inland 
Mills School 


Presbyterian (North) 
Methodist Episcopal 


“Methodist Episcopal 


Presbyterian (North) 


Methodist Episcopal 
Protestant Episcopal 


Presbyterian (North) 
Presbyterian (North) 


. Presby. (North) Home 


Presbyterian (North) 
Deechwberinn! Canada 
Presbyterian (North) 
Lutheran, United 


. Methodist Epis., South 


American Board 
Lutheran Augustana 
Lutheran Augustana 


. Methodist Epis., Woman’s 


Methodist Episcopal 


Methodist Episcopal 
Presbyterian (South) 


Sudan United Miss. 
Sudan United Miss. 


. Mid-Pacific Inst. 


Presbyterian (North) 
Presbyterian (Norch) 
Presby., United, Woman's 
Presbyterian, United 
Presbyterian, United 


Presbyterian, United 
Methodist Episcopal 


Christian, United 


Christian, United 
American U., Beirut 


Methodist Episcopal, So. 
American Board 





SAILED LIST—IQ23 


531 











NAME INSTITUTIONS FIe_p 

McMann, Mary Ethel..... Mitte ald WCDICACON LES cone esl shate mini acy yeaa atelels Africa..... 
Maxwell, Emily Atwater......... v Miss. and Deaconess Trs (Toronto) India..... 
Meloy, Sarah Brownlee... ...... Pie Monmott hs Cusine mee aicisteis crete ts VD eeiacre 
Menzies, Jean McClure......... . » Toronto General H, Canadian Trs China..... 
Metsker, Katherine.............. » Chicago Trs, Simpson Og A ule pinanicialy ji 
Miller, Edmund Fred............ Missouri U, » Westminster C....... Africa..... 
Miskimen, Mildred Althea........ v Muskingum nr HA ata tala reven stats Indiaiy ia. 
Moerdyk, ‘Dr. William Jean sass sie Hope C, 7 U of Mich. M.......... Arabia 
Moerdyk, Cornelia Leenhuts (Mrs. \ 

1 Ecad E PRU BONE NUN th SP ELODE Co csloa dirk bretbery bere raveveletaes Arabia 
*Moomaw, DSW vtereds meee noteret rene v Manchester C, Ohio State U...... lgotaet: une 
*Moomaw, Mabel Winger (Mrs. 

TEN Oa sue EOE Tein Uh) we RE ai v Manchester C, Ohio State U Grad India..... 
Moore, Addison Strong........-.. y Maryville C, U of Ill............5 Persia..... 
Moreland, STA ATID aoe eeeeeie uate v Greenville C. Long Island H...... ATrica Wes 
Morton, Bruce Willson. Want Oke Beg Ontario Agrl. rae v Toronto Bible C.. Porto Rico 
Woss Lomas Reane lok oda olen v Bede Ue AN) Us Cre India 6 
Mostrom\) Rachel sah seek o's os Mass. N, 9 aren adcs Trs, Teach- 

ers ay (N. Y Cy OS ML Dear MARS Ching cod 
Mow, Baxter Merrill............. vU of Idaho, U of Oxford (Eng.), 
Bethany Les vioes sae cease ees Esidiaye Seis 
Mow, Anna Beahm (Mrs. B. M.).. Elizabethtown C, Hebron S, Man- 
chester C, vy Bethany Trs........ Tndiaiy. fst 
Murphy, Ruth Lucille............ ; Ps ah Trs (Nyack), » Toronto h 
Bie banahsral es le lalsie, SU dhasley ola, tus ueeveLsiare masa 
Murray, Dr. Everett E........... Soushwestenn C, vU of Chicago, 
ISIE NAAR iere c aterR aN ae te aN Chinas 3! 
Nelson, Mary..... SS ma aouneie te EAs red ODE af pM De A os LS SA MUA Sia yA Ching! ily. 
N ewberry, Mary Ona. calsletaions + i Wy ea tOry Cares eeln ata ei stem elendiel ates S. Amer. 
Nichoson, Dr. Hope H............ v Mich. State N, U of Mich. and M, 

i Col Missions Wulnioniy Wale nete Tndiatiys 
Nilsen, Freda Rebekka..... Maser P SUMOISE OMe diy cy au caselibretelraie China ek) 
Norwood, Evan Wilkins.......... v Wake Forest, U of N. C., U of Wis. China..... 
Nourse, Viola May...... ... 2 Moody Trs, Minneapolis Be Be pk nikOb Es) NHR A 
Null, Miriam Ellen...... ... Western Ill. N, » U of Illinois...... Chinas... 
Nygaard, Norman Eugene..... ... v Macalester GC; U of Montpelier 

(France), Presby. T, U of Omaha 
Gerad see sain ava Cal evcratalsvaiietere wietacela Amer... 


DEA eed Florence Johnson ines 


MISSIONARY AGENCY 


Methodist Epis., Woman's 
Presbyterian, Canada 
Pres., United, Woman's 
Pres., Canada, Women’s 
Methodist Episcopal 
Presbyterian, United 
Methodist Prot., Wom. 


. Reformed in America 


. Reformed in America 


Brethren, Church of 
Brethren, Church of 
Presbyterian (North) 
Methodist, Free 

Christian Church 
Methodist Epis., Women’s 
Friends, Ohio 

Brethren (Dunker) 


Brethren (Dunker) 


Presbyterian (North) 
Lutheran, Norwegian 


. Chr. and Miss, Alliance 





Obenchain, Cora E.......... SA ee Gry C, v Nat’l Kind. and 
Cr Virdee tale hues acelaate 
Ohl, Irma Regina.......... «+... 0 Heidelberg U 
Oldfather, Jeanette......... Piste ONCOTNe le CBI en cease aitleter sraltsiere 
Olney, Charles Edward.......... . Boston U, v9 Denison U......... nail iiabe bre Naya yu 
Olney Elva Caul (Mrs, C. EB.) o ioc), a Denison. Wiehe. seid ciebieueienotete « Ay a Gos breve eaN 
(Off over ast) bropt: Wis Foes ty 7 bree Rib an NR 2 Cornell Ui alimisietatelgra etalod erelaret Tadia ul 
Patterson, Prederick) (yes et oss v Muskingum C, Pittsburgh T...... India..... 
Patterson, Grace McGranahan : 
CMTSaE Cae tos cmeic dels O50 5:5 D Mags IN SNC Sera leihialelovsferte ls iinfaiels India fs 
Patterson, Craig Houston......... yi Waehington and Lee U, Union T a 
JAC ppe NL CURNaNe apelesuuutelece talc Mags 
Patilirvitvaten cteinaie ates sicvciss Sale vU of Cal., San Francisco T....... S. Amer 
Paul, | prethenine Manny (Mrs. 
ELVIN) thtase cts oles ehuiciens cletel e's o's 6 v U of Cal., San Francisco T....... S. Amer... 
Paul, pee EVSNS ike, UF eae a Spring Garden Inst., » National Trs 
CP bay yee ate ate clenersta aidiela: op eai Africa ..s.5 
Paustian, Paul William........... Central Wesleyan C, Columbia U, \ 
DDO Wy res ne eat ataiere oe ald ieaishs TA relies) 
Pease, Wilma Elizabeth.......... Oiny His Biblical mein eaves Persia..... 
Peavy, Annie Rosalind.......... . Atlanta Kind. N, wv Teachers C 
CN LAY: CC.) 7, SCATTILGI ETS cin thie ene Japan..... 
Pennepacker, Elma Keen...... ... Bellevue H, » Teachers C (N. Y. C.) Chal states 
Peters, Eunice Louise........... . New Brunswick Prov. N, v Metho- i 
dist Trs (Toronto)..... AVG Arner Pee China : 
Peterson, Charles Fowler...... tee Met. Union CrDrew Eb. necks. RO HINAY a ieres 
PetersoniEedith.. ccc cue fae Northwestern Trs, Moody Trs..... S. Amer 
Peterson, Raymond Arthur. ... 2). Butler C, v College of Missions..... Ching ass 
Peterson, Georgia Fillmore (Mrs. 

As) tlaetinna asta nuaerele Beale cul Es aGlerm GC; 8 CrOL MISSIONS «ici 5 1 aa) 51 China..... 
Plummer, J ames Carl.........., . v Ohio Wesleyan U, Boston Ur. 2.) Ching...) 
Porter, Bessie Jane...... alsteseralve) COO RS Washington U and » Grad. ME SOULS aicielela's 
Porter, Rupert Howard.......... 9 lowa State C...... eee seen ee China..... 
Potthoff, Edna Margarite........ . Baptist H, » Scarritt Trs.......... Mexico... 
Pryor, Roy Jay....e.ssees, LlII) Northwestern U, » Leland Stanford 

Wana Grane sine ocinta seuss sieie Ching vcs 
Pryor, Helen Brenton (Mrs. Roy J.) » U of Oreenn, U of Minnesota M.. China..... 
Rambo, Dr. Victor Plough........ Fairmount C, v U of Pennsylvania M Philippines 
Rambo, Louise Birch (Mrs. V. =) DW LBOMM aM OS Mreinepaiece d toad elete te age Philippines 
Rankin, Manley Whitfield....... v Wake Forest C............ Ti teraveth aa te HE Boas 
Rasmussen, Carb Petertaons acanns v Concordia C, Lutheran T (Minn.). Africa.... 
Rasmussen, Valborg Hansen (Mrs. 

NE SOY ie ie CHE ..... Deaconess H'(Minn.)............. Africa. 

Reed, Glenn Patterson.......... . v Westminster C, Princeton T...... Africa..... 


Christian, United 
Lutheran, Norwegian 
Baptist (Southern) 
Pres., United, Women’s 
Presbyterian (North) 


Presbyterian (North) 


. Presbyterian (North) 
... Baptist (No.) Home Woman’s 


Reformed 

Methodist Epis., Woman’s 
Baptist (Northern) 
Baptist (Northern 

Un. Med. Sch. India 
Presbyterian, United 


Presbyterian, United 
Presbyterian (South) 


... Presbyterian (North) 


Presbyterian (North) 
Africa Inland Miss. 


Methodist Episcopal 
Presbyterian (North) 


Methodist Epis., So. 
Methodist Episcopal 


Methodist, Canada, Wom. 
Methodist Episcopal 


... Scandinavian Alliance 


Christian United 


Christian United 

Methodist Episcopal 
Presbyterian (North) 
Presbyterian (North) 


. Methodist Epis., So. 


Methodist Episcopal 
Methodist Episcopal 
Christian, United 
Christian, United 
Baptist (Southern) 

. Lutheran, Norwegian 


. Lutheran, Norwegian 
Presbyterian, United 





i ee 


. 
532 CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS ’ 
; 
' 
NAME INSTITUTIONS FIELD MISSIONARY AGENCY 
Reifsneider, Ida Mviaee eh us cules @ Mood yicl rs tetanic ae feisen ets is Africa... .. Presbyterian (North) 
Reifsneider, Marian H........... Ursinus'C,’ Baptadrs, toe o scene Burma.... Baptist (North) Wom. 4 
Richardson, Robert Price......... Southwestern Presby. U, Union T i 
Via) ee Fe ate tarate eens eer aoe Chinas. Presbyterian (South) 5 
Richardson, Agnes Rowland (Mrs. Augusta Tchrs. Trng. S, Shorter C, 
RiP. ae eke cee ee See ee eae oAssembly’siclrs ens serie China: : se. Presbyterian (South) ; 
Richter, Robert W.............. eo. Haron! Cure AU iin ccna e alban neers Persia sins Presbyterian (North) 4 
Riggs, Sarah Randle POmith Gans seats pane eee ee Turkey.... American Board . 
Rings Emelina Joe eee Gustavus Adolphus C, » Lutheran k ; 
rs 1 Minn 2) ee eae oe ete iene China..... Lutheran Augustana 
Ritter, Richard Henry........... Princeton U, v Hartford T......... China; .2.¢ Presbyterian (North) 
Robb, Elizabeth Alice............ Cooper C, » Geneva C, Biblical T 
CN Xs Coe ae ae eae Breen eat China .c. ae Presbyterian, Ref. 
Robbins; ‘Stellas co essseeaens es Park C, 9 Blackburn C.. 0.3.2 e.0. Alaska... Whe etal (North) Woman's 
ome : f 
*Rodgers, Hazel Greta........... Mich. State N, » Wesleyan Metho- a 
Gist Tre ewe jee cee cetera Endias sel ce Methodist, Wesleyan 
Root, Elmer Stephenie cee iol sks U of Wash., Seattle-Pacific C...... Andiay ysl Methodist, Free : 
Root, Loretta Pettengil (Mrs. E.S.) » Seattle-Pacife Ci itive antes Indias’... Methodist, Free q 
Ross) Isabella yes ee ee eels Russell Sage C, v Biblical T (N.Y.C.) Tdi i AI es Presbyterian (North) | 
Rowland, Mittie Elston.......... George Washington U, Teachers C ' 
LO oy: Co Baler aA an ON CLA bye vere Gah upAh ae Lema Methodist Epis., So. 
Rumbough, Constance H......... v State Female N (Va.), Scarritt Trs Manchuria Methodist Epis., So. } 
Rush) HilenvS ce uie tes eves ee oles 9 Ehuntington Cuneta een Attica sco: United Breth., Old Const. 
saller, Randolph i Gait sianieiaclaaleies v A reinare U, Columbia U T, Union ; 
UC Wraith 5 era to ccerclameetar Mer iege China..... Presbyterian (North) F 
Sample, Blanche Cecile........... v Westone CABiblical¥ Dak stent eee Indias); Presbyterian (North) 
Sanderson; Edith nent eens 9 Uiof Califordia ) Sys iu ced ane Turkey.... American Board ; 
Scheriehy Rillal yy essa ae v Kennedy Trs, Hastings C........ China 2.3. Methodist Epis., Woman's i 
fSchlegel, Frederick N............ 2 Ureinus Coenen oa aer eee Egypt..... Amer. Univ. at Cairo 
Schultz, Mabel Sarah............ v Moody Trs, West Suburban H : 
\ (0) 28 Oil eth gl“ DORN NH aie ae Philippines Presbyterian (North) 
Scribner Mleanon Oy. ciate Lallnisours Montclair State N, w Biblical T } 
{ ; (EN IOUB AERO FADIA A Mie aie Ate LTT OMSS, 2 AT Eanes Presbyterian (North) 
Serrill, Marie Elizabeth.......... v Drake U, Wesley Mem. H (Chi- 
cago), C ‘of Missions............ Philippines Christian, United 
Shaffer, Roy Ellsworth........... Huntington Cee Moody irsinee ce BETICA A ferels Africa Inland 
Shaffer, Ruth H. Thiers (Mrs. : 
Ray BS ae ce ate lah epaloias tatiana fie Wichita C of Music, » Moody Trs.. Africa:.... Africa Inland _ 
Shier! DriiCyril) Wises cenienicienss oe U of Calif., San Francisco H....... China 2.03: Protestant Episcopal 
Shivers, Marian Esther.......... Bucknell U, Columbia U Grad, \ 
Hartford siete ace mene oe Burma.... Baptist (No.) Woman's 
Shurtleff, Malcolm C............. ‘v Dakota Wesleyan U, Brown U, U i i 
of) Minn ‘Grad i ec eiticeen ice S. Amer... Methodist Episcopal 
Shurtleff, Florence L. Jewell (Mrs. ; 
M. C. ) ate ees a nemaudiel Mie rane ph es Brown U,vU of Minn............ S. Amer... Methodist Episcopal 
SiddallPAS Claimaeceer acne tl. y Otterbein C, Western Reserve M.. China..... United Brethren 
Sikes, Walter Elmer...........-. v Denver U, Union T, Hanover T, : ’ 
Oxford Ui \(Eng:)\7 es ee eee India spect Methodist Episcopal 
Silva, Bllis Locketimecureneniees # Seattle-Paciie\Ceginisens .nmeins China.,s.. Methodist, Free 
SmithwAlbert Rayne anc ease Manchester C, v Bethany Trs...... China vasa Brethren (Dunker) 
Smith, Verona Kreider (Mrs. A. R.) Manchester C, v Bethany Trs...... Chinas 79%. Brethren (Dunker) 
Smith, Elizabeth Rosina.......... Pittsburgh U, v Baptist Trs (Phila.) ove baer Presbyterian, United 
Smith, Essie Elizabeth........... y Lander Cea ae uN Ans dade Chinats. Baptist (Southern) 
Smith, Robert Benjamin.......... v U of Virginia, ay rath oi (Ky.).. S. Amer... Presbyterian (South) 
Smith, Wesley Oliver............ Los angeles Free Meth. T, v Green- 
Ville Ch aie ie ae are Ne Se W. Indies.. Methodist, Free 
Smith, Alice E. Mills (Mrs. W. O.) » Greenville C.................05- W. Indies.. Methodist, Free 
shell, Beryl Msther: worse setae U of Redlands, Berkeley Trs....... Burma.... Amer. Baptist, Woman's 
Sorg,; Herman Davidicnteh snes ce v New York U, »v Northern Baptist T é i 
(Chicago) Uae Lares ete cee TaTG14 Micusesre Baptist (Northern) 
Sorg, Erna Brueckmann (Mrs. 
HD) Pee a Seiten ones v Kansas State U, No. Baptist T... India..... Baptist (Northern) 
Stagg, Samuel Wells............. v U of So. California...........-.. esate Methodist Episcopal 
Staton, Albert Hammond......... v Georgia Tech and aaee nee Sate S. Amer... Methodist Epis., So. 
Stevenson, Marion len ine conse ee U of Pennsylvania, Y. W. C. A. Trs S. Amer... Y. W.C.A. 
Stober, Buena Rose.............. v Phillips U and H, C ‘of Missions... Africa..... Christian, United + 
Stowe, Everett McKinley........ v Ohio U, Boston Oop enn eae? China..... Methodist Episcopal 
Stowe, Lulu Elizabeth C......... @ ODIGIU LS ei lel tala eyes ans eee China..... Methodist Episcopal 
Streiter, Gertrude Emily.......... UvotsNebraska (iilitel woateanke eae Idiaciwe. Lutheran, Evan., Mo. 
Strube; Marthastes esc eesn tee v Wheelock Kind. Trng SVMaseense Presbyterian (North) 
Sutton, James Edward........... Colorado C, Havertord C, Y.M.C.A. ; 
Tine Uetion Tantus re tert Palestine.. Friends, American 
Sutton, Willard James........... v Alfred U, U of Pittsburgh Grad... China..... Fukien Chris. Univ. ‘ 
Sutton, Ellen C. Holmes (Mrs. 
WAT) icine ha Meee, Pa sree § ORLY v Alfred U, Women’s M Penna... China..... Fukien Chris. Univ. 
Swain, James Obed. i... 200d. ua! Central N C, v Ind. U.. ..... Cen. Am... Methodist Episcopal 
Swanson, Carl Gottirid mene. 9 Bethel Cand Tylor, S. Amer... oe Miss. Un. of Kansas 
Taylor, Norman Wylde.......... t. John’s C, »v Moody Trs, Xenia T Mexico.... Presby teria (North) 
Taylor, Geraldine Bye evs N. W.) Jeo ratte Cons. Music, Moody 
Mba a ACERT ROL C crane? Bate tats Mexico.... Presbyterian (North) 





SAILED LIST—IQ23 533 
—_—e—s—s—sssSsSsSsSsSsSsSsSsSSSSaSS 




















NAME INSTITUTIONS FIELD MISSIONARY AGENCY 
Thompson, Gladys Rosebell....... a Middiebury: Cute wien ise Mexico.... American Board 
Trimble, Martha Newell.......... 9 Kentucky Wesleyan C........... ALTICR spe! Christian, United 
_ Tromans, Nellie Evelyn.......... v Los Angeles Trs, Muskingum C... India... .. Pres. United. Women’s 
eto ort, Audies Bertha con Wane ere NM uN trunk to, Korea..... Methodist Epis., So. 
Tumlin, Sarah Mozelle........... v Wesleyan C, Scarritt Trs......... Japan..... Methodist Epis., So. 
Tylee, Arthur Francis............ Amherst C, Harvard U,» Moody Trs S. Amer... Inland South America 
Urban, Carl Benard ;............ viLos:AngelesTrs Ui a Pe Africa..... Africa Inland 
{Van Zanten, Charles............ prope Coon uu tate betas lea staan era le Smyrna... International College 
Vickerson, Lemuel Neil...... v Ontario Agrl. C, Prince of Wales.. S. Amer... Baptist, Canadian 
Winig, Grace Mary; J. ..c60.6.... v Oberlin C, Teachers C (N. Y. C.), 
é : Union mit 7 (eas |e er Ceylon.... American Board 
Wagener, Julia Maria............. P:PomonalG Tybee cay Lane iT ELD Mexico.... American Board 
Wahl, Lillian Elizabeth........... Ark. State N, » Scarritt Trs........ Manchuria Methodist Epis., So. 
Walters, Dr. Ota Gertrude........ Fairmont State N, » West Virginia 
f U,, Uvot Cincinnati Man seu China..... Yale in China 
Ward, Helen Beatrice............ Northfield S, v Boston City H...... China..... Presbyterian (North) 
Ward, Martha Edna. ete aaa tes eos Angeles ‘Tra iar Gy ie aang hai Rndiaey ths: Presbyterian, United 
Ware, Warren Nathaniel......... v Montrose C, Millsaps C.......... Africa’); Methodist Episcopal, So. 
‘Warner, Viola Mae...... BereeraL Brown U, v Gordon Bible C........ S. Amer... Presbyterian (North) 
Watson, Inez C. Tornquist (Mrs. U of Calif., Pacific Trs, San Fran- 
POUNUAL) eins ci), a cle wie, ais lsin » GISCOV TE icles a ele sala pha aa Persiae.s «i Presbyterian (North) 
Webster, Marjorie G............. S Toronto yi ele aie ne MON De OYyria denies American Univ. of Beirut 
Wellman, Coe Rushford...:......., vU of So. Calif., Boston U T...... Mexico.... Methodist Episcopal 
Wellman, Mary E. Turner (Mrs. 
ASH) ere ere eee nee a Siar cit v U of Southern California......... Mexico.... Methodist Episcopal 
BV OMS; CrTACe Ue asi aha) lve ciwicltte Winthrop C, » Baptist Trs (Louis- 
j : Willer Kova) Nampa tered ty ar aR) Africa. .... Baptist (Southern) 
Welsh, Emeline Lavina........... Northern Ill. State N, » Western 
Union (Ciena nea Oe SUNN lian Chinas 32. Evangelical Church 
Wentworth, Harold A............ TMoodya Drawn ue es ciate emu at Africa... Africa Inland Mission 
Wentworth, Doris Bater (Mrs. H. 
AC) regret e ee Meee ae can a rdbethct D Moody ti rswwiisce euch chine ‘Africa’ nine Africa Inland Mission 
Westmaas, Adam John........... Hope C, v Western T (Mich.)...... China we Reformed in America 
| Whaley, Myrtle Ellen............ Drake U, v C of Missions.......... Africa..... Christian, United 
Whitaker, William ye tries see U of California, v Oregon Agrl. C... India... .. Baptist (Northern) 
Whitaker, Lois Payne (Mrs. W. C.) » Oregon 7-\ 99 Dk OL eS ar RNIB Hy India $y.)): Baptist (Northern) 
itcomb, Jane Caroline......... v Baldwin Wallace C.............. Traian tu! Methodist Epis., Woman’s 
White, Bonner Dale... ..::....... Erskine C, Xenia T, v Princeton T 
; Gracie NN Cee MEAN sD ei Tndialeyy Presbyterian, Assoc. Ref, 
White, Janet Ballentyne (Mrs. ; 
im Bonner Dale) ioc. ose. sascie v Muskingum C, Biblical T (N.Y.C.) India..... Presbyterian, Assoc. Ref. 
Whitnum, Katherine Louise...... Fort Hays N, v Dennison U, Kansas 
City Ty Baptist Prete sie Capa. American Baptist, Home 
Whittier, Chester Eugene......... vU of Minn., McCormick T....... Africa. eit) Presbyterian (North) 
Whittier, Stella G. McKown (Mrs. h 
[CAN OB ACNE \In Bevan v U of Minnesota, U of Chicago.... Africa..... Presbyterian (North) 
Wiant, Bliss Mitchell............ vOhio Wesleyan U, Boston U T, 
A New Eng. Cons. Music.......... China..... Methodist Episcopal 
| Wiant, Mildred Artz (Mrs. Bliss M.) » Ohio Wesleyan U................ China ii. Methodist Episcopal 
Wierenga, Cornelius Richard.. ope C, v Western T and Grad.... India..... Reformed in America 
Wierenga, Ella Kieft (Mrs. C. R.) 9 Mood ysis syne ia Gis SiN 4 Hs india ye, Reformed in America 
Wilder, Grace Helene............ v Barnard C, Mt. Holyoke C....... China..... China Inland 
Malis Ruby. Loisseio. tc) soe. Di Trinity Uy HAY ELON ORE W. Indies.. Pres. (North) Home 
Maison.) Maye Pilar als eigen o Oklahoma U, U of Colorado, U of f 
California, So., » C of Missions... Mexico.... Christian, United 
Wilson, Margaret N,............ 9 Par ic Cay uel Ate Wn UMM TIRE Nadia wee AW GaAs 
‘Wilson, Opal Hendrick (Mrs. T. ' h 
AGA eh 4h ea UE ge v Eugene Bible, Moody Trs........ S. Amer... Bolivian Indian 
Wingfield, Bettie Jane............ P Holling Carey ai pia eee ane nitia sacle Methodist Episcopal, So. 
| Winsor, Amy Adaline............ PiWheatoniO hee rms eh Pils Africa. ... Africa Inland 
Witmer, Safara Austin........... Bible Trs (Ft. Wayne, Ind.), » Tay- I ' 
; lors ee eR OLE) 8 1) 2 hen, Chinateaus Chris. and Miss. Alliance 
Broil, Petronella. waits... 9 Moodyitretisn ts ae Uae vial etic Africa..... Plymouth Brethren 
'Vomeldorf, George R............. v Washington and Lee U, Union T ; 
: i (Vids) Ch vera SR Ae A Silt Chingar ier Presbyterian (South) 
Vomeldorf, Mary Goetchius (Mrs. ; 
mmcreorge R.)ua.ascnes bc eeet . MShorten. Caneel a lod Lchatan ae China..... Presbyterian (South) 
Wood, Edna Frances............ v Smith C, Columbia U Grad...... China..... Gingling College 
'\Voods, Mary Barclay............ v Randolph-Macon Women’s C, As- h : 
: : SeMbivsSeiTe sts Gilani an China..... Presbyterian (South) 
‘Worth, Grace McAlpine (Mrs. } 
BCDATICN Wis aMeh Gen octal. v Winthrop C, Cornell C.......... Chinasss Presbyterian (South) 
Vright, Latham Ephriam........ v Arkansas Cumberland C......... S. Amer... Presbyterian (North) 
Vright, Maggie Belle Miller...... v Arkansas Cumberland C......... S. Amer... Presbyterian (North) 
fates, Dr. Theodore M.......... v U of Georgia and M............. China.,... Presbyterian (North) 
wemer, Theodore F............. v Hope C, New Brunswick T, Western 
T (Mich.), Teachers C (N. Y. C.) India..... Reformed in America 


‘wemer, Sara Anna Winter (Mrs. 


Mneodore Hy) en Pile wos acis.. wi ope; Casneantien wena neits ia tacers: Indiaimens Reformed in America 


SUMMARY OF SAILED VOLUNTEERS WITH 
FIELDS TO'\WHICH: THEY HAVE: GONE 


Atrica ty, : : t § b : . 4 : men ak ots 
Arabia . ; . . . i y ; { ; oe 36 
Central America . : : ; : : 3 i , 89 
China . ; ' ! : ; : : ‘ ; va STO 
Europe . ‘ , : : é ‘ ‘ : : ‘ 55 
India and Ceylon . : § s : : ; ‘ . 1,989 
Japan and Korea . ( v : : : ; ; Ph is heb 
Mexico . ; ; \ : . : : y . ‘ 262 
Oceania . ; : x : ; : : : ‘ 4 gl 
Persia’). ; , ? : ‘ ‘ é , re bie 110 
Philippines. E ‘ : : ; ; : : : 256 
Siam and Straits Settlements . : : , é : : 188 


South America . , ; : é ; - : ‘ 770 
West Indies . : ‘ A : : 4 ; , : 278 
Western Asia (except Arabia, Persia) . b , f : 333 


Other Countries . : ¢ , : ; : , } 298 





Total Number of Sailed Volunteers . : ; ‘ . 10,309 


HONOR ROLL 


The names of ‘‘Sailed” student volunteers whose death during the past four years has been reported to the 
Student Volunteer Movement for Foreign Missions. 








NAME 


Akerson, Mr. Leroy L. 
Anderson, Rev. A. 
Andrews, Mrs. H. E. V. 
Bacon, Mrs. Wallace 
Bain, A. L. 

Barber, Rev. Harold H. 


Bates, Ruth E. 


Baugh, Edith E. 
Bennett, Allen Lee 
Bertch, Pearl 

Bruere, Rev. William B. 
Burkhalter, Noah 


Bush, Mrs. Raymond L. 
Cameron, Dr. Marjorie 
Carter, Dr. Robert W. 
Chaney, Mr. J. William 
Clark, Myron A. 
Cochran, Rev. James B. 
Correll, Ethel H. 
Cowden, Rev. E. C. 
Cunningham, D. O. 
Dease, Margaret E. 


De Masor, Julia 
Dowd, W. F. 
Fitch, Rev. George 
Frey, Lulu E. 


Delany, Miss E. B. 

Garvin, Rev. James F. 
Gelwicks, Rev. George L. 

Gish, Ellis P. 

Grinnell, Arthur Lee, M. D. 
Helde, Mrs. G. G. (nee Tolman) 
Heminger, Rev. Lon Dallas 
Hicks, Rev. Walter W. 
Hoffsommer, Walter E. 
Holland, Ruth C. 


Hunting, Bernice 
Hurlburt, Dr. Elizabeth M. 
Codey Rev. F. N. 

een, Charles S. 
Kellersberger, Mrs. E. R. 

g, Rev. Lorin H. 

Kunkle, Hannah 
Kuyper, Jennie M. 
Lacy, Alice M. 


LeFevre, George N. 

Lethbridge, Sadie 

Lewis, Mrs. G. W. (nee Mary Wolfe) 
Lindorf, Dr. O. W. 

Lindstrom, Mr, Emil 


Logan, Dr. O. T. 

McGavran, Dr, Mary 

McKee, Mrs. S. C. 

Menzies, Rev. James R., M. D. 
Minear, Gladys 

Neal, Rev. Carl J. 


Nelson, Rey. C., J. 
Ogilvie, Rev. Charles L. 
Parker, Edith 

Pratt, E. Lucille 
Ramsaur, Rev. William 
Ramsay, Mrs. Hugh C. 
Rankin, Rev. Henry 
Reimert, Rev. William A. 
Rexrode, Sadie M. 


Richards, Rev. Russell A. 
Ross, Mrs. Robert M. 


FIELD 


Malaysia 
Natal 

S. China 
China 
Congo 
Mexico 


India 


Chapra, India 
Africa 

China 

India 

India 


East Africa 
India 
Philippines 
Chile 


Brazil 
Kiangan 
Pe | 

. Africa 
India 
India 


Congo Belge 
Assam, India 
C. China 
Korea 


Africa 

Chile 

Hunan, China 
China 
Honan, China 
China 

W. Africa 

No. China 


ess 
eylon 


Syria 

Congo Belge 

W. Persia 

China 

Africa 

Mexico 

So. China 
apan 

‘China 


Ecuador 


Honan, China 
China 


Greece 
So. China 


39 


SENDING ORGANIZATION 


Methodist Episcopal Church 

Scandinavian Independent Baptist Denomination 

China Inland Mission 

United Christian Missionary Society (Disciples) 

American Baptist Foreign Mission Society 

American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Mis- 
sions (Congregational) 

Woman's Foreign Missionary Society of the Methodist 
Episcopal Church 

General Council Assemblies of God 

Brethren Church 

United Brethren in Christ 

Methodist Episcopal Church 

The General Conference Mennonite Board of Foreign 
Missions. 

Methodist Episcopal Church 

Canadian Baptist ‘ 

Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions 

Methodist Episcopal Church 

International Committee of Y. M. C. A. 

Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions 

Protestant Episcopal Church 

Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions 

United Christian Missionary Society (Disciples) i 

Woman’s Foreign Missionary Society of the Methodist 
Episcopal Church 

Africa Inland Mission 

American Baptist Foreign Mission Society 

Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions I 

Woman's Foreign Missionary Society of the Methodist 
Episcopal Church ! 

National Baptist Convention 

Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions 

Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions. | 

United Christian Missionary Society (Disciples) 

Free Methodist Church 

International Committee of Y. M. C. A. 

Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions 

Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions 

Reformed Church in America 

American Board of Commissioners for 
sions (Congregational) | Jay 

Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions 

Africa Inland Mission i ae 

Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions 

American Baptist Foreign Mission Society 

Presbyterian Church in U. S. hike 

Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions 

Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions 

Reformed Church in America ; 

Woman's Foreign Missionary Society of the Methodist 
Episcopal Church f 

Christian and Missionary Alliance 

Presbyterian Church in Canada t 

American Baptist Foreign Mission Society 

Augustana Synod iva i u 

American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Mis- 
sions (Congregational) ._ ‘eh 

Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions _ 

United Christian Missionary Society (Disciples) 

Presbyterian Board of‘Foreign Missions 

Presbyterian Church in Canada 

Methodist Episcopal Church _ r } 

American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Mis- 
sions (Congregational) } 

Swedish Ey. Mission Covenant of America 

Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions _ 

United Christian Missionary Society (Disciples) 

Christian and Missionary Alliance 

Protestant Episcopal Church its! 

Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions 

United Presbyterian Church 

Reformed Church inthe U.S. | : 

Woman's Foreign Missionary Society of the Methodist 
Episcopal Church : , ; 

American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Mis- 
sions (Congregational) Rea) 

Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions 


Foreign Mis- 


536 


CHRISTIAN STUDENTS AND WORLD PROBLEMS 








NAME 


Roys, Dr. Charles K. 
Russell, Esther A. 


Scott, Mrs. Margaret F. 
Sharrocks, Dr. A. M. 
Smith, Rev. Ray C. 
Spight, Rev. Thomas 
Starrett, Mrs. Oscar G. 
Tang, Tlien Joyce 


Taylor, Mrs. W. C. (nee F. M. Hull) 
Thomas, Hettie A. 


Traub, Rev. Frank M. 

Treman, Rev. Rete Cy 

Trueman, Mrs. G. E. (nee J. C. 
Hocking) 

Twinem, Paul De Witt 

Walvoord, Anthony 

Warner, Rev. Frank B. 


Watt, Rev. James 
Wiens, Bernard F. 
Wilson, Gertrude 
Winn, Rev. Rodger E. 
Wood, Mrs. Otho D. 
Wood, Mrs. W. W. 
Woodbury, Mrs. N. E. 
Woodruff, Rev. Lyle D. 


Wright, Rev. Harrison K. 


FIELD 


Shantung, China 
Mexico 


India 
Korea 
No. India 
Argentina 
China 
China 


Mexico 
Japan 


Africa 
China 


Japan 
China 


qePan ! 
o. China 
No. India 
China 


Japan 
Korea 
India 

C. Brazil 
Burma 
Bulgaria 


C. China 


SENDING ORGANIZATION 


Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions 

Woman’s Foreign Missionary Society of the Methodist 
Episcopal Church 

Canadian Baptist 

Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions 

Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions 

Southern Baptist Convention 

Methodist Episcopal Church 

Woman's Foreign Missionary Society of the Methodist 
Episcopal Church 

International Committee of Y. M. C. A. 

Woman's Foreign Missionary Society of the Methodist 
Episcopal Church 

United Lutheran Church in America 

Methodist Episcopal Church 


International Committee of Y. M. C. A. 

China Union Universities 

Reformed Church in America 

American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Mis- 
sions (Congregational) 

Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions 

Mennonite Brethren of North America - 

Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions 

Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions 

Methodist Episcopal Church 

Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions 

American Baptist Foreign Mission Society 

American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Mis- 
sions (Congregational) 

Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions 


INDEX 


41 
ee ty bie 
rin Hear Wie 


Heat | 





INDEX 


A 


Achievement, Missionary, values of, 147-156. 

“Africa,” address by J. E. Kwegyir Aggrey, 
167-177; recognition of American mis- 
sionary work, 168; unrest in Africa, 168; 
America’s indebtedness to Africa, 170; 
contribution of black race, 172; the fel- 
lowship of races, 174; the opportunity in 
Africa, 177. 
Africa, rural evangelism in West, 293-204; 
educational work in, 336-337, 337-3390- 
Aggrey, J. E. Kwegyir, address by, 167-177. 
Agricultural Missions, International Asso- 
ciation of, 80. 

Agricultural Missions (Report of Forum), 
by T. S. Donohugh, 353-354. 

Ahlquist, J. A., forum address by, 323-327. 

Amalgamated Clothing Workers, industrial 
agreements of, g1. 

America, Latin, see Latin America. 

“American Missionaries in Japanese City 
Churches,” forum address by K. Hatan- 
aka, 310-3113, description of work of 
church in Kyota, 310-311; opportunities 
for social service work, 311. 

“And into the West they came with a 
dream child of the East,’? poem, quoted, 


177. 
Anderson, Elam J., forum address by, 354- 


357 

Apologetic and Inspirational Addresses by 
Canon S. Woods, see under ‘‘What 
Do We Believe, etc.’ 

Arabia, evangelism in the villages of, de- 
scribed, 286-288. 

Armaments, Conference on Limitation of 
Naval, 108-110; effect on Japan, 198. 

Atlantic Monthly, mentioned, 153. 


B P 

Baghdad, Evangelism in, described, 297- 

300. 

' Baker, Miss Mary J., address by, 409-411. 

Balfour, Lord, English statesman, men- 
tioned, 53. 

Barry, F. R., quoted, 37-42. 

“Be Still and Know that I am God,” ad- 
dress by Rev. G. A. Studdert Kennedy, 
9-16; Pilgrim’s Progress, quoted, 9; world 
likened thereto, 10; Christ, the great 
light, 12; religion essential to rational 
life, 14. 

Belgium, treatment of, by Germany, cited, 


107. 

Bell, Miss Edith Mae, forum address by 
337-339- 

Berge, Wendell, address by, 257-259. 

Bevan, Edwyn, quoted, 42. 

Bible Societies, The, forum address by W. B. 
Cooper, 364. y 

Bible Training School, The Catherine S. 
Harwood, described, 302. 


539 


Bible, translations of, by William Carey, 
mentioned, 140. 

Bilkert, H. A., forum address by, 297-300. 

Birge, J. Kingsley, address by, 212-218. 

Birkenhead, Lord, mentioned, 40, 132. 

Blanko, P. M., address by, 251-253. 

Blanshard, Paul, address by, 87-93. 

Bowles, Mrs. Gilbert, forum address by, 
307-308. 

“Boy Scouts in India,” forum address by 
Ray E. Rice, 375-376. 

British Colonies, Africa, unrest in, 169. 

British mandate of Turkey, treaty under, 
mentioned, 297. 

Brooks, Phillips, mentioned, 67. 
“Brotherhood, Racial Relations and Chris- 
tian,’’ addresses, 93-99; 99-102}; 102-105. 
Bryan, A. R., forum address by, 281-284. 

Buck, Oscar, forum address by, 331-333. 

Buddhism, in India, 196. 

Budget of Student Volunteer Movement for 
1923-24, 77. 

Bulletin, The Student Volunteer Movement, 
evaluated, 75. 

Burton, Margaret, Miss, summary of forum 
conducted by, 341-344. 

Business, opportunities for Christian serv- 
ice abroad in, 376-377. 


C 


Cairns, David, quoted, 46. 

Campbell, E. Fay, address by, 265-268. 

Canada and United States, mutual good 
will of, 112. 

Canada, Student Christian Movement of, 
75-76. 

Candidate secretaries of Student Volunteer 
Movement, work of, described, 72. 

Carey, William, missionary pioneer, char- 
acterized, 138-140. 

Carter, E. C., summary of forum discus- 
sion by, 376-377. . 

Catholicism, Roman, in Europe, 
Latin America, 206-2009. 

Chanda-varkar, Sir Marayan, of Bombay, 


160; in 


quoted, 143. 
Chang, L. K., address by, Pamnee 
Cheng, Andrew, forum address by, 352- 


333- 

Cheng, C. Y., address by, 178-190. 

“China,” address by Dr. C. Y. Cheng, 178- 
190; present political chaos, 178; develop- 
ment of public opinion, 179; passion for 
learning, 180; industrial development, 181; 
Renaissance Movement, 181; religious de- 
velopments, 182; development of native 
Christian church, 182; home missionary 
movement, 183; spirit of unity, 184; study 
of Christianity, 185; problem of leader- 
ship, 186; type of missionaries needed, 
187; missionary support in America, 188; 
Chinese students in America, 189; the 
opportunity before China, 190. 


540 INDEX 


China: Student Volunteer Movement of, 
mentioned, 72; international agreements 
regarding, 108; 111; social and intellec- 
tual unrest in, 116; industrial conditions 
in, 116-117; participation of, in Japanese 
relief, 201; rural evangelism in, de- 
scribed, 284-286; opportunities for evange- 
listic tours in, 288-289; work among 
women in rural districts of, 289-292; Bible 
training classes for women in, described, 
292-293; Junior Sunday Schools in, de- 
scribed, 294-295; missionary co-operation 
in rural fields of, 295; work of women 
students in evangelization of, described, 
301-303; medical work among women in, 
308-310; elementary education in, 337; sec- 
ondary education in, 340; higher educa- 
tion in, 341-342; girls’ college work in, 
343-346; teaching specialties needed in, 
348; teaching specific subjects in East, 
349-350; the community church as a 
Christian social agency in, 373-375; sig- 
nificance of Christ to, 399-401. 

China for Christ Movement, mentioned, 183. 

Christ: fellowship with, essential to finest 
personal life, 2; the light of the world, 
12; the supreme revelation of God, 22; 
historicity of, 25; attributes of God found 
in, 26-29; His revelation of salvation and 
forgiveness, 31-34; His teachings of the 
Kingdom, 35-40; the source of power, 42- 
46; attitude of, toward labor conditions, 
90; toward racial relations, 95; 101; 103; 
leader of a constructive spiritual revolu- 
tion, 124; 125; the world’s only hope of 
salvation, 135; the great need of Africa, 
175; influence of teachings in India, 194- 
196; the influence of, in Japan, 203; need 
of, in Latin America, 211; effective con- 
tact with the heart of missionary en- 
deavor, 222-224; significance of, to India, 
395-399; significance of, to China, 399- 
401; significance of, on our campuses, 
412-417. r 

“Christian Students and Unoccupied Areas 
in Industry,’’ forum address by W. 
Hapgood, 377-378. , ‘ 

Christians, number of, in non-Christian 
lands, 152. 

Church, development of Chinese native, 
185-186; Chinese characterized, 190; Jap- 
anese characterized, 199-203; and social 
service, 370-371. 

Church, the community, as a Christian 
social. agency in China, 373-375. 

“City Evangelism—Summary of Opening 
Statement,” in forum by A. L. Warn- 
shuis, 296-297; similarity of cities of the 
East and West, 296; the new cities of 
the East, the ‘“‘cross-fertilization of cul- 
tures,’ 296; growth of the modern city 
a test of Christian civilization, 296; a 
challenge to the youth of America, 296; 
power of Christ to dominate city life 
the world over, 297. 

“City Evangelism and Work Among Stu- 
dents,’ forum address by Henry Smith 
Leiper, 300-301; five-fold Christian ideal 
involved, 300; means of contact with 
students, 300; organized work for and 
among students, 301. 

“Classes for Women in the Country Field 
(China),’’ forum address by Miss Mary 
McClure, 289-292; description of the field 
covered, 289; outline of work, 290-292. 

Cline, John W., forum address by, 346-347. 

Cobden, British statesman, quoted, 40. 

Collins, George L., prayer by, 130. 

Columbia Conserve Company of Indianapo- 
lis, referred to, 90. 

“Commitment of Life and How God Leads 
Men, The,” address by John R. Mott, 
47-67; significance of convention, 47; in- 


fluence of past conventions, 48; present- 
day students characterized, 49; Christ’s 
right to dominate life, 51; Christ the 
Source of Power, 53; commitment of 
life involves obedience, 54; surrender, 54; 
earnestness, 55; endurance, 55; sacrifice, 
56; enrichment, 57; these qualities typi- 
fied in Robert Gailey, 58; Arthur Jack- 
son, 58; Caroline Macdonald, 59; Rans- 
ford Miller, 59; Grace Coppock, 60; ‘‘Dri” 
Davis, 60; Paul Nicolai, 61; Henry B. 


Wright, 61; Mott’s personal experience, 


63; influence of the Watchword, 64; God’s 
leading hindered by sin, 64; by drifting, 
65; by indecision, 65; by disobedience, 
66; Christ, the only adequate light of the 
world, 66. 

Committee on Christian World Education, 
mentioned, 75. 

“Community Church as a Christian Social 
Agency in China, The,’’ forum address 
by A. R. Kepler, 373-374; principles and 
advantages of the community church. 

Conclusions reached in discussion groups, 
233-243. A 

“Conditions and Terms of Service in the 
Young Women’s Christian Association,” 
forum address by Miss Katherine Aller, 


369. 

Conference, National Christian, in China, 
mentioned, 83. 

“Confidence Which Past Missionary Achieve- 
ment Inspires in us for the Future, The,’’ 
address by Dr. Charles R. Watson, 147- 
156; missionary enterprise incomplete, and 
imperfect, 147; has rich values, 147; 
brings power and vision to all who par- 
ticipate, 148; stimulates intellectual and 
social awakenings in non-Christian lands, 
150; works individual transformations, 
151; produces organizational development, 
152; and shows necessity thereof, 153; 
provides adequate foundation for interna- 
tional and inter-racial co-operation, 155. 

Consecration, student addresses on; E. Fay 
Campbell, 265-268; Henry P. Van Dusen, 
268-273. 

Consular service, 379-386. 

Contacts with non-Christian Cultures, book 
by Daniel Johnson Fleming, mentioned, 


74. 

Convention, meaning of, on our campuses, 
412-417. 

“Convention, The Purpose of the,’’ address, 
I-9. 

Conventions: previous S. V. M., charac- 
terized, 47-48. 

Coolidge, Mary, authority on Chinese im- 
migration, cited, roo. 

Cooper, W. B., forum address by, 364. 

“Co-operation of the Medical Missionary 
with his Fellow Missionaries,’’ forum ad- 
dress by J. A. Ahlquist, 323-327; reasons 
for co-operation, 324; requirements, 324; 
results, 326. 

“Co-operation with Other Workers in Rural 
Fields,’ forum address by Miss Ella N. 
Rudy, 295. 

Coppock, Coace’ missionary to China, cha 
acterized, 60. 

Corbie, F. Eugene, address by, 249-250. 

Cottrell, Leonard S., Jr., address by, 247- 


248. 

Council of North American Student Move- 
ments, mentioned, 81. 

Council, Student Volunteer, mentioned, 70. 

Countries to which Student Volunteers have 
gone, 534. 

Country districts, Neglect of, extract from 
Honan Messenger, 281. 

Court of International Justice, Permanent, 
mentioned, 109. 


— ee 


INDEX 


Cratty Miss Mabel, forum address by, 366- 
307. 


D 


Dass, Andrew Thakar, address by 395-3900. 

Davis, “Dri,’’ missionary to Turkey, char- 
acterized, 60-61. 

Davis, W. Ward, forum address by, 370- 
371. 

Declaration of Independence, 
scribed, 115. 

Dennis, James S., his work on Christian 
Missions and Social Progress, cited, 142. 

Dewey, John, cited, 301. 

Diplomatice service, 379-386. 

“Discipleship,” student addresses; E. Fay 
Campbell, 265-268; Henry P. Van Dusen, 
268-273. 

Discussion Courses on problems of human 
relationships, mentioned, 73. 

Discussion groups, characterized, 123. 

“Discussion Groups,” a summary of, by 
Harrison §S. Elliott and Miss Grace 
Loucks, 225-243; purpose, 225; leadership, 
227; method, 228; spirit, 231; conclu- 
sions: race question, 233; war question, 
237. 

Discussion group leaders, training of, 227. 

Donohugh, T. S., report of forum discus- 
sion, by, 353-354. 

Du Bois, W. E. B., quoted, 94. 


E 


Earthquake, recent, in Japan, destruction 
caused by, 198; crime following, 200; re- 
lief work, 201-202. 

Ebina, President, Japanese educator, men- 
tioned, 115; quoted, 144. 

Economic conditions, see geographic areas 
affected. 

Economic Problems and the Christian Ideal, 
discussion course, mentioned, 73. 

Eddy, G. Sherwood, quoted, 96; address by, 
113-129. 

“Elementary Education in Africa,’? forum 

’ address by Mrs. E. A. Johnston, 336-337. 

“Elementary Education in China,’ forum 
address, by Miss Bernice M. Wood, 337. 

“Education against War,’’ student address, 
256-257. 

“Education and Its Importance in the Mis- 
sionary Enterprise in China,’ forum ad- 
dress by John W. Cline, 346-347. 

Education in China, 180. 

Education, elementary: in Latin America, 
331-333; in mission fields today, factors 
influencing, 333-336; in Africa, 336-337; 
in China, 337. : 

Education, secondary and higher: for men, 
339; in China, 340; for women, 341-343; 
343-346. Mie Ae 

Education, specialized: in the Philippines, 
348; in China, 348, 349-350; in India, 
351-352; opportunities for, 352-352. 

Educational Commission, The Africa, men- 
tioned, 168. 

Educational missions in China, opportunities 
for, 352-353. ; | 

“Educational Requirements in India,’’? forum 
address by Ralph D. Wellons, 351-352. 

Educational secretaries of S. V. M., work 
of, described, 72-73. 

“Educational Work in Africa,” forum ad- 
dress by Miss Edith Mae Bell, 337-339; 
organization of girls’ school; educational 
opportunities. 


Korean, de- 


Elliott, Harrison S. and Miss Grace 
Loucks, summary of discussion groups 
by, 225-243. 


Endicott, James G., address by, 406-409. 
Europe, condition of students in, 163-165; 


541 


disintegration in, 158; economic condi- 

tions in, 158. 

y Moral and Spiritual Conditions 
in,’ address, 157-163. 

eae and Russia, Students in,” address, 
163-165. 

“Evangelism in _Baghdad,” forum address 
by H. A. Bilkert, 297-300; difficulties 
facing the missionaries in Turkey, 297; 
distribution of literature, 298; newspaper 
evangelism contemplated, 299; personal ap- 
proach, 299; open field in Arabia waiting 
cultivation, 300. 

“Evangelism in Western India,” forum 
address by A. R. Bryan, 281-284; descrip- 
tion of a brief tour. 

Evangelism, newspaper, described, 361-363. 

“Executive Committee of the Student Volun- 
teer Movement, Report of the,’’ 69-86. 

Exhibit, 428-451; floor plan, 428; descrip- 
tion, 429-430; text of panels, 431-451. 


F : 


“Factors Influencing Elementary Education 
in Mission Fields Today, Some,’’ forum 
address by M. C. Lehman, 333-336; edu- 
cational policy, 334; necessity of careful 
thinking, 335. 

Federal Council of the Churches of Christ 
in America, mentioned, 80. 

Federation of Christian Missions in Japan, 
mentioned, 311. 

Federation of Women’s Boards of Foreign 
Missions of North America, mentioned, 


80. 
Federation, World’s 
mentioned, 80. 
Vc baa Miss Marion, forum address by, 


se 


Student Christian, 


368. 

Fisher, Galen, his book, Creative Forces in 
Japan, cited, 296, 

Fleming, D. J., summary of forum dis- 
cussion by, 369-370. 

Foreign Missions Conference, 
8I,)\ 153: 

“Forgiveness, What Do We Believe about 
Sin and,” address, 30-34. 

Forums, syllabi outlining, 277-280; extracts 
from addresses delivered at Forums, 281- 
390. 

France, religious conditions in, 160. 

From Slave to Citizen, book by Dr. Mel- 
den, cited, 98. 

Fukuzawa, Mr., 


14I. 


mentioned, 


Japanese editor, quoted, 


G 


Gailey, Robert, missionary to China, char- 
acterized, 58. 

Gandhi, Mahatma, mentioned, 117, 136, 193, 
quoted, 194. 

German Student Union, Self-Help Bureau, 
cablegram from, 163. 

Germany, spiritual crisis in, 161; treatment 
of Belgium by, 107; youth movement of, 
described, 118. 

“Girls? College Work in China,’’ forum ad- 
dress, 343-346. 

Gleysteen, William H., forum address by, 


340. 

“God, What Do We Believe about,” ad- 
dress, 21-30. 

“Government Service Abroad as an Op- 
portunity for Christian Service,” forum 
address by Frederic E. Lee, 379-386; 


scarcity of openings, 379; high quali- 
fications, 380; requirements for diplo- 
matic service, 382; duties, 384; oppor- 


tunities for Christian service, 384. 
Grant, Madison, mentioned, 100-103; quoted, 
101, 


542 


Gray, Edward, Lord, quoted, 123. 
Green, Miss Katharine R., forum address 


by, 294-295. 
Grifiths, x. McAllister, address by, 254- 
256. 


Guelph Conference of Canadian students, 
January, 1921, mentioned, 75. 


H 


Hankey, Donad, quoted, 44. 

Harding, Glenn, address by, 163-165. 

Hapgood, W. P., forum address by, 377- 
378. 

Harris, Erdman, presiding officer, student 
session, 245-275. 

Harrison, Paul W., addresses by, 102-105, 
218-224; prayer by, 244; cited, 314. 


Hatanaka, Hiroshi, address by, 197-203; 
forum address by, 310-311. i i 
Hering, Miss Hollis W., librarian, Mis- 


sionary Research Library, mentioned, 75. 
Hibbert Journal, quoted, 196. 
Higginbottom, Sam, agricultural mission- 

ary to India, cited, 358. 


Hinduism, caste system, 191; characteris- 
tics, 192. \ 5 
Hogg, A. G., his book, Redemption from 


this World, recommended, 39; quoted, 85. 

Home, the Christian, a missionary agency, 
386-394.) : 

Home Missions Council, mentioned, 80, 81. 

ara Missionary Society, Chinese, growth 
of, 183. 

Honor Roll, sailed volunteers deceased dur- 
ing quadrennium, 535-536. 

“How God Leads Men, The Commitment 
of Life and,” address, 47-67. 

“How Women Students Help in Evange- 
lism,” forum address by Miss Mary Mc- 
Clure, 301-303; preparation of students 
for their work, 301; bearing the mes- 
sage to the homes of city, 302-303. 

“Human Relationship and Modern Indus- 
trialism,’’ address by Paul Blanshard, 87- 
93; American industrialism characterized, 
87; involves human degradation, 88; 
causes war, 89; denies human freedom, 
89; the way out: Rowntree’s program, 
90; Amalgamated Clothing Workers, 91; 
British Labor Party, 92; challenge to 
students and the church, 92. 

Hunter, Allan A., address by, 259-260. 


I 


“T heard the bells on Christmas Day,’ 
poem, quoted, 146. 

“Tmportance of Elementary Education from 
the Missionary Standpoint in Latin 
America, The,” summary of forum by 
Oscar Buck, 331-333; education as an 
evangelizing agency, 331; as a moulder 
of social order, 332. 

“Tndia,’’ address by Yohan Masih, 191-197; 
India seeking religion, 191; progress of 
Christianity, 192; need of missions, 193; 
the new India, 193; influence of Christ, 
194; method of presentation, 196. 

India, social unrest in, 117; rural evange- 


lism in, 281-284; medical missions in, 
320-323; 327-330; higher education in, 
341; educational requirements in, 351- 


352; industrial opportunities in, 357-358; 
the Young Women’s Christian Association 
sr aheaad in, 368; Boy Scouts in, 375- 
370. 

“India, significance of Christ to,’”’ address, 
395-399. y 

Indianapolis News, quotation from, 28. 

Industrial conditions, see geographic areas 
affected. 

“Industrial Opportunities in India,’ forum 
address by Ray E. Rice, 357-358. 


INDEX 


‘Industrial Problems of a Great Oriental 
City and the Opportunities of the City 
Missionary,’ forum address by Elam 
J. Anderson, 354-357; conditions in 
Shanghai; opportunities. 

Industrial Training and Enterprise, actions 
taken at close of forum on, 358-359. 

*“TIndustrialism, Human Relationship and 
Modern,” address, 87-93. 

Interdenominational co-operation in China, 


184. 
Interdenominational Missionary Agencies, 
mentioned, 153. : 
“International Affairs and the Christian 
Ideal,’”? address by Hon. Newton W. 


Rowell, K. C., 105-113; international af- 
fairs dominated by self-interest, 105; the 
Christian conception: respect for irter- 
national agreements, 106; justice above 
self-interest, 108; law above force, 108; 
co-operation for peace, 110; unity of 


humanity, 311; the contribution of 
America, 112. 

International Association of Agricultural 
Missions, mentioned, 80. 

International Missionary Council, men- 
tioned, 153. 

“International Organization to Prevent 


War,”’ student address, 257-259. 

International problems and the Christian 
Way of Ltfe, discussion course, men- 
tioned, 73. 

International relations between Moslems and 
Christians, 216. 

International Review of Missions, 
tioned, 148. 

Inter-racial Commission, described, 248. 


A) 


Jackson, Arthur, medical missionary to 
Manchuria, characterized, 58-59. 

James, Dr. Mary L., forum address by, 
308-310. : ; 

“Japan,” address by Hiroshi Hatanaka, 
197-203; economic crisis in Japan, 197: 
other problems, 198; decline of militar- 
ism, 199; influence of Christianity, 199; 
indwelling Christ, 200; earthquake relief 
work, 201; Christ, the hope of Japan, 202. 

Japan, industrial conditions in, 115; oppor- 
tunities for city evangelistic work in, 
303-305; evangelistic work in, 305-307; 
open doors in, 307-308; newspaper evan- ° 
gelism in, 311-313; higher educa tian in, 
342; need of Christian social leaders in, 

cep 727373: 

Jesus, Lover of my Soul,” hymn, quoted 
in part, 53. 

Johnston, Mrs. E. A., forum address by, 
336-337- 

Johnston, Sir H. H., of British Africa, 


141. 

Judd, Dr. Walter H., address by, 1-9. 

i Sunday Schools (China), forum 
address by Miss Katharine R. Green, 294- 
295; methods and work outlined. 

Justice, Permanent Court of International, 
109. 


men- 


K 


Kagawa, Toyohiko, Japanese 
leader, mentioned, 199. 
Kamide, Robert M., forum address by, 372- 


Christian 


373. 
Kato, Admiral Baron, Japanese statesman 
quater 53. 

Keller, Adolph, address by, 157-163. 
Kennedy, Rev. G. A. Studdert, acivens by. 
9-16, prayers by, 19-20, 275, 418-420. 
Kepler, A. R., forum address by, 373-374. 
Kidd, Benjamin, quotation from his book, 

The Science of Power, 145. 


INDEX 


“Kind of Evangelistic Teachers Needed 
(West Africa), forum address by Mrs. 
F. B. Watson, 293-294; necessary quali- 
fications. 

King, Willis J., address by, 93-99. 

“Kingdom of God, What Do We Believe 
about the,” address, 35-40. 

Korea, social and intellectual awakening 
of, 115; higher education in, 343. 

Koreans, massacre of, after Japanese earth- 
quake, 200. 

Ku Klux Klan, characterized, 121-122; Im- 
perial Wizard of, quoted, 94. 


L 


“Latin America,’ address by Andres 
Osuna, 203-212; resources of Latin Amer- 
ica, 203; racial qualities of peoples, 2053 
need of missions, 206; problems of edu- 
cation, 206; political problems, 208; moral 
and religious problem, 209; international 
relationships, 210; need of Christ, 211. 

Latin America, elementary education in, 
331-333- i 

Latourette, Kenneth S., becomes vice chair- 
man, Student Volunteer Movement, 81; 
prayer by, 276; address by, 402-406. 

Leaders, need of Christian social, in Japan, 
372-373. / : 

League of Nations, mentioned, 109-111. 

Lee, Frederic E., forum address by, 379- 


386. 

Lehman, M. C., forum address by, 333- 
336.. 

Leiper, Henry Smith, forum address by, 
300-301. 

Lepers, Mission to, mentioned, 321. 

List of sailed volunteers, 455-533. 

“Literary Work—Outline of a General 
Statement,” by J. Lovell Murray, 359- 


361. 

Literature of Student Volunteer Movement, 
described, 73-74." 

Livingstone, David, mentioned, 140-145. 

Loucks, Miss Grace and Harrison S. El- 
liott, summary of discussion groups by, 
225-243. 


M 


McClure, Miss Mary, forum addresses by, 
289-292, 301-303. 

McCulloch, W. P., resignation of, as busi- 
ness secretary, S. V. M., 81. 

Macdonald, Caroline, missionary to Japan, 
characterized, 59. 

MacMillan, Hugh, Canadian 
S. V. M., quoted, 76. 

Mallory, Robert A., address: by, 250-251. 

Masih, Yohan, address by, 191-197. 

“Mastery of the Language as an Aid to 
Evangelistic Work among Girl Students,’ 
forum address by Miss Edith Newlin, 
305-307; necessity of thorough knowledge 
of the language, 305; methods of gaining 
contacts, 305-307; qualifications of mis- 
sionary teacher, 307. 

Matson, Peter, forum address by, 284-286, 

' Medical missionary, professional training, 
of, 313-314. . ( ‘ 

“Medical Missions in India,’ forum ad- 
dress by David Rioch, 320-323; sanitary 
conditions in a typical city, 320; medical 
missionary work in Mungeli described, 
321-323. 

“Medical Work among Women (China),” 


secretary, 


forum address by Dr, Mary James, 
308-310; extent of medical missions, 
308; opportunities for medical mission- 


ary service in China, 309-310. 
Messages to the Convention, 453-454. 
Militarism; decline in Japan, 199; in Latin 
America, 208-209. 


543 


Miller, Ransford, missionary to Japan, char- 
acterized, 59-60. 

Mind in the Making, The, book by James 
Harvey Robinson, quotation from, 84. 

Mission fields, unoccupied areas in, 82. 

Missionaries, American, in Japanese city 
churches, 310-311. 

“Missionary Achievement, Past, The Confi- 
dence Which It Inspires in Us for the 
Future,’ address, 147-156. 

“Missionary Enterprise, Relation to the 
World Situation Today, of the,’ address, 
131-147. 

Missionary Literature, General Bibliograph 
of, by Miss Hollis W. Hering, mentioned, 


75. 

Missionary Union, The, personnel and pur- 
pose outlined, 301. 

Mission Boards, relation of teachers of 
special subjects to, 350-351. 

Missions, agricultural (report of Forum), 
353-354. as ! wae 

Missions, educational; Bible training classes 
‘for women in China, 292-293; elemen- 
tary, in Latin America, 331-333; factors 
influencing, 333-336; opportunities for 
in China, 352-253; see also Education. 

Missions, evangelistic, mastery of the lan- 
guage as an aid to, 305-307. 

Missions, city evangelistic; need and op- 
portunity for, 296-297; in Baghdad, 297- 
300; among students, 300-301; how women 
students help in 301-303; in Japan, 303- 
3953 305-307, 307-308, 310-311. 

Missions, rural evangelistic; in villages of 
Arabia, 286-288; in Western India, 281- 
in China, 284-286; 228-289; classes for 
women, 289-292; training Bible women, 
292-293; in West Africa, kind of teach- 
ers needed, 293-294; in China, co-opera- 
tion with other workers, 295. 

Missions, literary, outline of work of, 359- 


361. 

Missions, Medical: among women (China), 
308-310; among men, 313-314; training 
for specialized forms of, 315-320; in 
India, 320-323; co-operation with other 
missions, 323-327; in central India (rural), 
327-330. vs rs s 

Missions: opportunities for specialized, in 
Africa, 177; progress of in India, 192; 
principles of work outlined, 219-224; 
progress of, in India, 192; reasons for, 
402-406. 

Mohammedanism and the Missionary’s 
Task,’ address by Dr. Paul W. Harrison, 
218-224; principles of missionary work; 
recognition of good in Mohammedanism, 
219; recognition of racial equality, 219; 
freedom from coercion, 221; presentation 
of Christ, 222. 

“Mohammedanism in the Near East,” ad- 
dress by J. Kingsley Birge, 212-218; ex- 
perience among Moslem dervishes, 212; 
Animism prevalent, 214; influence of 
Christ, 215; disbelief in Mohammed, 
216; Turkish conception of Christianity, 
216; suffering of Christians, 217. 

Mohammedanism: in Africa, a challenge to 
Christianity, 170; in India, 191; mysticism 
in, 212-213; Animism in, 214-215; con- 

verts from, 215-216; its inherent good, 
219. 

“Moral and Spiritual Conditions in Eu- 
rope,” address by Adolph Keller, 157-163; 
European Protestantism defensive, 157; 
destructive influences in Europe, 158; con- 
ditions among students, 158; religious in- 
stitutions in need, 159; effect on mis- 
sions, 160; change in religious attitudes, 
161; contribution of America, 162. 

Morrison, Robert, missionary to China, 
mentioned, 145. 

Mott, John R., address by, 47-67; resigna- 


544 


tion of, as chairman of Executive Com- 
mittee, Student Volunteer Movement, 81. 

Murray, J. Lovell, resignation of, as edu- 
cational secretary, Student Volunteer 
Movement, 81; outline of a general state- 
ment of literary work, by, 359-361. 


Mussolini, Italian leader, quoted, 56-57. 
“My country, ’tis of thee, Dear land of 
Africa,’ verse, quoted, 167. 
N 
National Christian Conference in Shang- 


hai, mentioned, 296. 

Near East, unrest in, 118. 

“Near East, Mohammedanism in the,’’ ad- 
dress, 212-218. 

“Need of Christian Social Leaders in Japan, 
The,’ forum address by Robert M. 
Kamide, 372-373. 

Negroes, in Revolutionary War, 170; in 
Civil War, 171; in World War, 171; con- 
tribution to American and European life, 
170-172. 

New Thought Movement, Chinese, 116. 

Newlin, Miss Edith, forum address by, 305- 


307. 

“Newspaper Evangelism in Japan,’’ forum 
addresses by Albertus Pieters, 311-313; 
361-363, methods and advantages. 

Nicolai, Baron Paul, founder Russian 
Christian Student Movement, character- 
ized, 61. 

“Non-participation in War,” student ad- 
dress, 259-260. 

Not Leaders, but Saints and Servants, 


article and pamphlet by J. C. Winslow, 
mentioned, 148. 


O 


“OQ Lord and Master of Us All,” hymn, 
quoted, 51. 

“Oh, what holy walks we _ had,” 
quoted, 417. 

“One man with a word at pleasure,’ poem, 
quoted, 378. 

“Open Doors in Japan,’ forum address by 
Mrs. Gilbert Bowles, 307-308; opportuni- 
ties for Christian Social Service work of 
every type; need of prayer and under- 
standing, 307. 

“Opportunities for Christian Service Abroad 
Involving Business, and Technical Skill 
(Summary of Forum Addresses),’’ by 
E. C. Carter, 376-378. 

“Opportunities for Educational Mission- 
aries in China,’’ forum address by Andrew 
Cheng, 352-353. this 

“Opportunities for Evangelistic Tours 
(China),’’ forum address by Miss Agnes 
Thonstad, 288-289; need of the Gospel 
in country villages. 

“Opportunities in City Evangelistic Work 
in Japan, Some,” forum address by Miss 
Bertha Starkey, 303-305; qualifications of 
city evangelistic missionary, 303; im- 
portant fields of service open, 304-305; 
challenge to the Christian women of 
America. 

“Opportunities for Married Women Within 
and Without the Home,’ forum address 
by Mrs. Charles K. Roys, 386-394; im- 
portance of the home, 386; its mission- 
ary appeal, 387; home-making, 388; iso- 
lation, 389; recreations, 389; fellowship 
in family, 390; children, 391; servants, 
392; influence of the home, 393. 

Organization for the Convention, 422-427. 

Orient, labor conditions in, 88. 

Osuna, Andres, address by, 203-212. 


poem, 


INDEX 


P 


Pacifism, student address concerning, 259- 


260. 

Paul, K. T., of India, cited, 151. 

“Peace does not mean the end of all our 
striving,” poem, quoted, 16. 

Peace, International Congress for (in Eur- 
ope), described, 1109. 

Philippines, demand for independence in the, 
116. 

Philippines, 
the, 348. : 
ier, Stanhope, R., becomes business secre- 
tary, (SYeVenaes Sr. 

Pieters, Rev. Albertus, forum addresses by, 
(311-313, 361-363. 

Pilgrim’s Progress, quoted, 10-40. 

Porter, David R., prayer by, 68. 

Porter, Lucius C., report of forum discus- 
sion, by, 339. 

“Power, What Do We Believe About the 
Sources of,’’ address, 40-46. 

“Preaching in the Villages of Arabia,”’ 
forum address by G. Van Peursem, 
286-288; methods and principles involved; 
reception of missionary. : 

Preparedness, student address on, 254-255. 

Present-day Social and Intellectual Unrest,” 
address by G. Sherwood Eddy, 113-129; 
world-wide revolt against existing order, 
113; against authority and racial autoc- 
racy, 114; liberal movement in Japan, 
114; unrest in Korea, 115; in the Philip- 


teaching specific subjects in 


pines, 116; youth movement in China, 
116; passive revolution in India, 117; 
unrest in the Near East, 118; youth 


movement of Europe, 118; upheaval of 
Russia, 119; American materialism, 120; 
American exploitation and autocracy, 121; 
American racial discriminations, 121; in- 
tellectual docility of American students, 
122; Christ, the only hope for world, 
123; His method a constructive spiritual 
fevolntion, 124; the immediate challenge, 
126. 

Problems, industrial, of a great Oriental 
city, 354-357- 

Profession for College Women, A, the 
Young Women’s Christian Association, 
366-367. 

“Professional Training Needed for Special- 
ized Forms of Medical Missionary Serv- 
ice,’ forum address by E. H. Dodd. 
315-320; range and variety of medical 
missionary work, 315; pre-medical work, 
316; choice of medical school, 316; in- 
terneship, 317; special preparation, 317; 
specialization on field, 3109. 

“Professional Training of the Medical Mis- 
sionary,’” Summary of the Forum on 
Medical Work among Men, forum ad- 
dress by Dr. E. M. Dodd, 313-314; types 
of missionary service, 314}; spiritual prep- 
aration of the medical missionary, 314. 

Proposals for immediate action made in dis- 
cussion groups; race question, 235-238; 
war question, 240-243. 

Protestantism, European, defensive attitude 
of, 157-163. ; 
“Purpose of Convention, The,’ address, by 
Dr. Walter H. Judd, 1-9; Christian fel- 
lowship first essential, 1; Convention jus- 


tified, 2; Christ necessary in personal 
life, 3; reason for lack of power on 
campus, $3 personal obedience necessary, 7. 
Purpose of Student Volunteer Movement, 
stated, 71. 
Q 
Qualifications for missionary service in 


China, 187-188. 4 
Questions raised in discussion groups, 228, 
229-230, 231. 


INDEX 


R 


Races, native, of Latin America, 204-206. 

“Racial Relations and Christian Brother- 
hood,’”’ address by Dr. Paul W. Harrison, 
102-105; Christ’s ideal involves racial 
equality, 103; personal implications, 103; 
adequacy of Christian solution, 104. 

“Racial Relations and Christian Brother- 
hood,” address by Willis J. King, 93-99; 
importance of problem, 93; attitudes 
toward it, 94; attitude of Jesus, 95; im- 
plications: sacredness of personality, 96; 
fundamental equality of races, 97; uni- 
versal brotherhood, 98. 

“Racial Relations and Christian Brother- 
hood,” address by Y. Y. Tsu, 99-102; use 
of nicknames, 99; reveals American race 
prejudice, 99; prejudice fostered by poli- 
ticians, 100; founded on fallacy, 100; a 
recrudescence of paganism, Io1. 

Racial Relations and the Christian Ideal, 
discussion course, mentioned, 73. 

Racial relations, conclusions of discussion 
groups regarding, 233-238; general atti- 
tudes, 233; superiority, 234, development, 
234; discrimination, 235; personal action, 
235; mutual study, 236; public opinion, 
237; justice, 237. 

“Racial Relations,’ student addresses by: 
Leonard S. Cottrell, Jr., 247-248; F. 
Eugene Corbie, 249-250; Robert A. Mal- 
lory, 250-251; P. M. Blanko, 251-253. 

Rauschenbusch, Walter, quoted, 127. 

Recruiting, effectiveness of the Movement 


in, 78k 

Redemption from this World, book by A. G. 
Hogg, quotation from, 85. 

“Relation of the Foreign Missionary Enter- 
prise to the World Situation Today, The,” 
address by Robert E. Speer, 131-147; the 
present day characterized, 131; forces of 
conflict in the .present world, 132; in- 
human economic exploitation, 133; racial 
strife, 134; evidence of fundamental er- 
rors in human relations, 134; world’s sal- 
vation rests in Christ alone, 135; demon- 
strated by the experience of the past 
generation in missions, 136; by the for- 
mation of indigenous churches, 137; great 
work of earlier missionaries emphasized, 
138; Missions an errand of love and serv- 


ice, 139; the solution of racial and in- 
ternational problems, 141; an opportu- 
nity for investment of life, 142; the 


Lordship of Christ, 145. 

“Relation of Teachers of Special Subjects 
to Mission Boards, The,’? forum address, 
350-351. 

Religious conditions, 
affected. 

erry eS Movement, Chinese, mentioned, 
116, 183. 

“Report of the Executive Committee of 
Student Volunteer Movement,” presented 
by Joseph C. Robbins, Chairman, 69-86; 
quadrennium characterized, 69; _expan- 
sion of Executive Committee, 69; Student 
Volunteer Council, 70; unions and con- 
ferences, 70; traveling secretaries, 71; 
candidate work, 72; educational work, 72: 
pamphlets, 73; discussion courses, 73; 
missionary education, 74; Bulletin, 75; 
Committee on Christian World Education, 
75; developments in Canada, 75; finance, 
76; effectiveness of Movement, 77; re- 
sponsibilities, 78; problem of Christian 
leadership, 78; the indigenous church, 
79; relationships of Movement, 80; 
changes in personnel, 80; principle of con- 
centration, 81; unoccupied mission 
fields, 82; missionary qualifications, 83; 
committal of life, 83; Watchword in- 
terpreted, 84; sources of power, 85. 


see geographic areas 


545 


Rice, ree: E., forum addresses by, 357-358, 
37573702) 4 

“Rings o’er the earth the message of the 
morning,’? poem, quoted, 419. 

Rioch, David, forum address by, 320-323. 

Robinson, James Harvey, quoted, 84. 

Robbins, Joseph C., report of Executive 
Committee presented by, 69-86; becomes 
chairman of Executive Committee, S. V. 


M., 81. 

Rowell, Hon. Newton W., K. C., address 
by, 105-113. 

Rowntree, Seebohm, British employer, in- 
dustrial program of, 90-91. 

Roys, Mrs. Charles K., forum address by, 
386-394. 

Rudy, Miss Ella N., forum address by, 


295. 

Rugh, Arthur, address by, 412-417. 

Ruhr, occupation of, mentioned, 119. 

“Rural Evangelism — Medical (India),” 
forum address by J. M. Waters, 327-330; 
description of a medical tour. 

“Rural Evangelistic Work in China,” forum 
address by Peter Matson, 284-286; prin- 
ciples and methods of work. 

“Russia, Students in Europe and,” address, 


163-165. ‘oe , 
Russia, famine conditions in, 123; social 
and intellectual unrest in, 119. 


Ss 


Sailed list for years 1914-1923, 455-533. 

Sailed Volunteers, with fields to which they 
have gone, 534. 

“Salvation, O, Salvation, the joyful sound 
proclaim,” hymn, quoted, 135. 

Sargent, Theodore C., address by, 256-257. 


Service, conditions and terms of, in the 
Young Women’s Christian Association, 
360. 


Service, Governmental, abroad, a Christian 
opportunity, 379-386. 


Service, opportunities abroad for Christian, 
involving business and technical skill, 
376-378. 

Service, social, and the church, 370-371. 

Service, social and community, 369-370. 

“Secondary and Higher Education for men 
(report of forum discussion), by Lucius 
Go Porter,\/339- 

“Secondary and Higher Education for 
Women (Summary of forum addresses),” 
by Miss Margaret Burton, 341-344; out- 
line of educational system in India, China, 
Japan, Korea. 

“Secondary Education in China,” forum 
address by William H. Gleysteen, 340. 

Shafto, G. R. H., quoted, 28-35. , 

Shansi, province of, in China, mentioned, 


289. 

Shimada, Hon. Saburo, Japanese Christian 
statesman, 199, 307. 

Shoemaker, Samuel, Jr., 
cise by, 262-265. 

“Sin and Forgiveness, What Do We Be- 
lieve About,’”’ address, 30-34. 

Slack, Frank V., summary of forum ad- 
dresses, by, 364-366. 

Smith, Miss Ruth, forum address by, 367. 

“Social Service and the Church,” forum 
address by W. Ward Davis, 370-371. 

“Social and Community Service (Summary 
of Remarks)” by D. J. Fleming, 369- 


0. 
ugiial and Intellectual Unrest, Present- 
day’? address, 113-129. 

Societies, Bible, 364. as 
Somerville, Dr., of Mt. Everest Expedition, 
mentioned, 193. } 
Sources of Power, What Do We Believe 

About the, address, 40-46. 


devotional exer- 


546 INDEX 


South America, The Young Women’s Chris- 
tian Association Secretary in, 367-368. 
Speer, Dr. Robert E., address by, 131-147. 
Starkey, Miss Bertha, forum address by 

393-305. , 
Statistics of the Convention, 452. | 
Stauffer, Milton T., becomes educational sec- 
retary, Student Volunteer Movement, 81. 
Stevens, F. W., American representative 
Peking Banking Consortium, quoted, 143. 
Stevenson, Dr. Fleming, quoted, 86. 
Stokely, Anna Mae, Forum address by, 367- 
68 


306. 
Stoddard, Lothrop, mentioned, 94, 99, 103, 


133. 

Studd, J. E. K., of Cambridge University, 
mentioned, 63. 

Studdert Kennedy, see Kennedy, Rev. G. A. 
Studdert. 

Student Christian Movement of Canada, re- 
lation of Student Volunteer Movement to, 


75-76. : 

Student Fellowship for Christian Life-Serv- 
ice, mentioned, 80. 

Student Friendship Fund, work of, de- 
scribed, 164-165; conclusions of discus- 
sion groups regarding, 243. 

Student session, verbatim report of, Erd- 
man Harris presiding, 245-275; remarks 
by chairman, 245-247, 253-254, 260-262, 
265, 273-274; addresses, on racial rela- 
tions: Leonard S. Cottrell, Jr., 247-248; 
F. Eugene Corbie, 249-250; Robert A. Mal- 
lory, 250-251; P. M. Blanco, 251-253; 
on elimination of war, H. McAllister 
Griffiths, 254-256; Theodore C. Sargent, 
256-257; Wendell Berge, 257-259; Allan 
A. Hunter, 259-260; expression of stu- 
dent opinion on war question, 261; devo- 
tional exercise, led by Samuel Shoemaker, 
Jr., 262-265; addresses on consecration; 
E. Fay Campbell, 265-268; Henry P. 
Van Dusen, 268-273; closing prayer, Rev. 
G. A. Studdert Kennedy, 275. 

Student unrest in China, 180. 

Student Volunteer Hovement, Chinese, men- 
tioned, 72. 

Student Volunteer Movement, Executive 
Committee and Secretaries, names of, 


421. 

Student Volunteer Movement, report of 
Executive Committee, 69-86. 

Student Volunteer, reasons for being a, 
406-409; 409-411, 4 

Student Volunteers, list of sailed, 1914- 
1923, 455-533; list of deceased sailed, 
1920-19233 535-536. ! 

Students in Europe and Russia, address by 
Glenn Harding, 163-165; fellowship with 
European students, 163; living conditions, 
164; Student Friendship Fund, 164. 

Students: European, conditions among, 158; 
Oriental, city evangelism and work among 
defined and described, 300-301. 

Studentski Domov, mentioned, 164. 

Sunday School Convention, World’s, in 
Tokyo, mentioned, 304. 

Sunday Schools, Junior, in China, 294-295. 


T 


Taft, Chief Justice William Howard, quoted, 
120. 

Taylor, Dr. W. E., becomes vice chairman, 
Student Volunteer Movement, 81. 

Teachers of special subjects, relation of, to 
mission boards, 350-351. 

“Teaching Specialties Most Needed in 
China,” forum address by J. C. Gar- 
ritt, 348. 

‘Teaching Specific Subjects in East China,” 
forum address by D. L. Sherertz, 349- 


350. 
“Teaching Specific Subjects in the Philip- 


pines,” forum address by E. K. Higdon, 


348. 

“Teaching of Special Subjects,” remarks 
by T. H. P. Sailer, 347-348. ’ 

“The fairest of God’s pictures, that silvery 
sleepy town,’ poem, quoted, 418. 

“The string of camels come in single file,” 
poem, quoted, 82. 

“Their Names are Names of Kings,” poem, 
quoted, 156. 

Thonstad, Miss Agnes, forum address by, 
288-289. : : 
Tientsin Christian Union, The, personnel 
principles and purpose outlined, : 301. 
Toronto, Convention of Canadian Student 

Volunteers at, 1922, 76. 

“Training Bible Women for Rural Evange- 
listic Work,’’ forum address by Miss 
Mary Culler White, 292-293; Bible train- 
ing schools for women classified and de- 
scribed. 

Tsu, Dr. Y. Y., address by, 99-102. 


U 


Uniens, Student Volunteer, work described, 
70; conference of, 71. 

United States, labor conditions in, 88; ra- 
cial problem in, 94; concentration of 


wealth in, 120; child labor in, 120; ir- 


religion in, 120; industrial conditions in, 
121; lynching in, 121; military expendi- 
tures of, 122. 
Unoccupied areas in mission lands, 82; 
in industry, 92, 377-378; in China, 186; 
“Unrest, Present-day Social and Intellec- 
tual,” address, 113-129. 


Vv 


Van Dusen, Henry P., devotional exercise 
by, 17-19; address by, 268-273. 

Van Peursem, G. D., forum address by, 
286-288. 

Versailles, Treaty of, mentioned, 107; 111. 


W 


Wandervigel of German movement, de- 
scribed, 118. 

War, conclusions of discussion groups re- 
garding, 238-243; general attitudes, 238; 
international co-operation, 239; participa- 
tion in, 240; removal of causes, 240; pub- 
lic opinion, 241; education, 241; student 
action, 242; Student Friendship Fund, 


243. 

“War, the Elimination of,” student ad- 
dresses by; H. McAllister Griffiths, 254- 
256; Theodore C. Sargent, 256-257; Wen- 
dell Berge, 257-259; Allan A. Hunter, 
259-260. 

War, the recent World, mentioned, 107; 110. 

Warnshuis, A. L., forum address by, 296- 


207. 

Watchword of Student Volunteer Move- 
ment, influence of, 64; interpreted, 84- 
85; mentioned, 313, 402-406. 

Waters, J. M., forum address by, 327-330 

WY ater Dr. Charles R., address by, 147- 
156. 

Watson, Mrs. F. B., forum address by, 


293-294. 

Wellons, Ralph D., forum address by, 351- 
352. 

2 pea Woodrow, mentioned, 89, quoted 
108, 124. 

Winslow, J. C., pamphlet by, mentioned, 148. 

“What Jesus Christ and this Convention 
Ought to Mean on our Campuses,” ad- 
dress by Arthur Rugh, 412-417; the need 
of the campus, 412; need of new resources, 
413; Christ’s answer, 414; comradeship 
with Christ, 415; power, 416. 


LS. 


INDEX 


“What Jesus Christ Has Meant to Me and 
My People,” address by L. Chang, 
399-4 401; Christ, the standard of perfect 

nhood, the standard of a perfect home, 
the standard of a perfect social order. 

“What Jesus Christ Has Meant to Me and 
My People, address,”’ by Andrew Thakar 
Dass, 395-399; religious discipline in In- 
dia, 395; Christ, the light of man, 396; 


the teaching of service, 396; personal 
ee 398. 
“What Do We Believe About God,” ad- 


dress by Canon E. S. oods, 21-30; im- 
portance of topic, 21; God revealed per- 
= panel through Jesus Christ, 22; knowl- 
edge of Christ an experience of God, 23; 
validity of Christian experience, 24; sig- 
nificance of historic Christ, 25; documen- 
tary evidence, 25; uniqueness of Christ, 
26; God interested in human welfare, 26; 
God characterized by love and fatherli- 
ness, 27; relation of Christ to God, 28. 
“What Do We Believe About the King- 
dom of God,’ address by Canon E. 
Woods, 35-40; the Kingdom character- 
ized, 35; pervades all life, 36; involves 
human regeneration, 38; is vital and im- 
mediate, 38; implications of the King- 


dom, 39- 

“What Do We Believe About Sin and 
Forgiveness,” address by Canon E. S. 
Woods, 30-34; sin a human _ tendency, 
31; abuse of freedom, 31; God’s omnipo- 
tence of love, 32; meaning of the Cross 
32; of forgiveness, 33; restoration of 
broken Nis toneape 34. 

“What Do We Believe About the Sources 
of Power,’ address by Canon E, ;: 
Woods, 40-46; power defined, 41; exem- 
plified in Christ, 423 made available 
through contact with God, 43; significance 
in personal life, 44; involves service, 453 
involves communidn with God, 4s. 

“When I Survey ane wondrous 
hymn, quoted, 408. 

White, Miss Mary Culler, forum address 
by, 292-2 

Whitman, Walt, quoted, 147. 

“Why Foreign Missions?” address by Ken- 
neth Scott Latourette, 402-406; obliga- 
tion to share Christ, 402; world-wide so- 
lution of human problems necessary, 403; 
impact of West un-Christian, 403; the 
spirit of missions one of equality, 404; one 
of humility, 405. 

“Why I Purpose, God Permitting, to be- 


Cross,” 


547 


come a Forei Missionary,” address by 
Miss Mary J. Baker, 409-411; finding 
ren plan, 410; factors in the decision, 


“Why I Purpose, God Permitting, to Become 
a Foreign Missionary,’? address by James 
G. Endicott, 406-409; world need, 406; 
finding God’s will, 407; the common serv- 
ice of all Christians, 408. 

Women, Prpeaniics for married, on mis- 
sion field, 386-394. 

Wood, Dr., of American embassy to Siam, 
quoted, 140-141. 

Wood, Phin M., Miss, 


by, 337: 

Sipe ae Canon Edward S., > 
21-30; 30-34; 35-40; 40-46. 

“World Situation, Relation of the Foreign 
Missionary Enterprise to the Present.” 
address, 131-147. 

World’s Student Christian Federation, men- 
tioned, 8o. 

Wright, aghais B., professor at Yale, char- 
acterized, 61-62. 


forum address 


addresses by, 


¥ 


“Young Men’s Christian Association Work 
(Summary of Forum Addresses),” by 
Frank V. Slack, 364-366. 

Young, Sir William Mackworth, K. C. S. L., 
Lieutenant Governor of the Punjab, 
quoted, 142. 

Young Women’s Christian Association, con- 
ditions and terms of service in, the, 369. 

“Young Women’s Christian Association, 
The, in Relation to Mission Boards,” 
forum address by Miss Ruth Smith, 367. 

“Young Women’s Christian Association, 
The, A Profession for College Women,” 
forum address by Miss Mabel Cratty, 
366-367. 

“Young Women’s Christian Association 
Secretary in India, The,’’ forum address 
by Miss Marion Ferguson, 368. 

“Young Women’s Christian Association 
Secretary in South America, The,” for- 
um address by Miss Anna Mae Stokely, 
367-368. 

Youth and Renaissance Movements, discus- 
sion course, mentioned, 73. 

Youth Movement, Chinese, 116. 


Z 


Zinzendorf, Count, mentioned, 52. 


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